初中英语常见易错题解析

中考典型易错题举例分析

1. It is _______ outside. Let’s put on our raincoats and go out, Tom.

A. cold B. hot C. sunny D. rainy

【解析】此题易误为A 。因为这里有个put on 短语，如果不注意raincoats 这个词那就很可能草率地选择A 。raincoats 是“雨衣”的意思，而不是一般的衣服，那么不是因为外面“冷”，而是因为“下雨”才穿“雨衣”。正确答案为D

2. —_______ do you _______ about spring?

—The flowers and the green trees.

A. How, like B. How, think C. What, think D. What, like

【解析】此题陷阱选项为A 或B 或C 。这是由于忽略语境造成的。由答语The flowers and the green trees. 可知，所问的是“你喜欢春天的什么?”而不是“你觉得春天怎么样?”。正确答案为D 。

3. —What’s your sister like?

—_______.

A. She is a worker B. She likes pears

C. She is very thin D. She is like her father

【解析】此题陷阱选项为B 或D 。有很多考生一看题干中的like 一词就会想当然地选择B 或D 。其实，问句的意思是“你姐姐长得怎么样?”因此，正确答案为C 。What’s … like? 这个句型常常用来询问某人的长相或某事的情况(包括天气情况) 。

4. —It’s too hot. Would you mind _______ the door? —_______. Please do it now.

A. to open, OK B. opening, Certainly not

C. opening, Of course D. to open, Good idea

5. —If you have any trouble, be sure to call me. —_______.

A. I am glad to hear that B. I will. thank you very much.

C. I have no trouble D. I will think it over

【解析】此题陷阱选项为A 或D 。由于受汉语思维的影响很容易

1. We should keep _______ in the reading-room.

A. quiteB. quietly

C. quiet D .quickly

2. The light in the room wasn’t _______for me to read.

A. enough bright B. brightly enough

C. enough brightly D. bright enough

3. She is _______of the two.

A. the cleverest B. the cleverer

C. the clever D. cleverest

【解析】此题容易误选A 。这是由于思维定势引起的。因为最高级的比较范围往往用of 短语引出，那么一些考生一看到of 一词就毫不犹豫地选择了A 项。其实，由这里的two 可知，两者中的比较只能用比较级，而且指特定的两者中“较……的那一个”时，比较级前往往要用定冠词the 。因此正确答案为B 。

4. —How far is the factory from here?

—It’s about 4 kilometres _______.

A. far B. long

C. away D . near

【解析】此题容易误选A 。这是由于受到汉语思维的影响，因为译成汉语正好是“大约4公里远”。其实，问距离时可以用How far is …. ?，但是far 不能与表示具体的距离连用，此时应该用away 。因此，正确答案为C 。

5. —Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? —No. I think we need _______ men.

A. another B. other two

C. more two D. two more

6. He is taller than _______ girl in his class.

A. any B. other

C. any other D. another

【解析】此题容易误选C 。这是由于思维定势引起的。平时大家都熟悉这样的句子China is larger than any other country in Asia. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 于是than any other这个结构在同学们的头脑中已经根根深蒂固了。其实，到底要不要other, 关键是看主语是否也在比较的范围之内；如果在范围之内，就必须用other, 以此来避免与自身进行比较；如果不在范围之内，则不能用other, 因为没有必要把自身排除。这里主语he 不属于girl in his class之列，不能用other, 因此正确为A 。

7. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _______ voice.

A. the best B. a best

C. the better D. a better

【解析】此题容易误选A 。这是由于思维定势引起的，许多同学认为最高级前加了定冠词the 肯定没错。其实，这是一个暗含比较级，它省略了一些我们很清楚的东西，句子的完整形式应为：I have never heard a better voice than her voice. 因此正确答案为D 。

三道易错名词考题分析

1. _______ fathers made them have piano lessons.

A. Peter and Ann’s B. Peter’s and Ann’s

C. Peter’s and Ann D. Peter and Ann

【解析】此题容易误选A 或C 。错误的原因是由于受思维定势的影响。平时考生们做多了“This is Lucy and Lily’s bedroom. ”这样的题，那么一看到这样的题就想到只是在后面一个单词后面用所有格。其实，到底用一个所有格，还是用两个所有格，取决于它们所修饰的名词：如果所修饰的

名词是单数可数名词，就只在后面一个名词后面用所有格；如果所修饰的名词是复数可数名词，就两个名词都用所有格。正确答案为B 。

2. There are a lot _______ people today than yesterday.

A. of B. / C. most D. more

【解析】此题容易误选A 。有不少考生因受“ a lot of +名词”这一思维定势的影响，一看到a lot ，就选择了A 。其实，该句中的a lot是用来修饰形容词的比较级more 的，than 引导的是比较状语从句。正确答案为D 。

3. “Excuse me, are you _______? ”

“No, we are _______. ”

A. American, Englishman B. American, Germans

C. American, Germen D. Englishman, Americans

【解析】先从词性来看，American 和 German 既可以用作名词也可以用作形容词，用作名词时，其复数形式分别为Americans 和 Germans ；选项中的Englishman 只能用作名词，其复数形式是Englishmen 。

先看第一空：如果单从Excuse me, are you _______?来看，要是填Englishman ，就应该在其前加不定冠词，即说成Excuse me, are you an Englishman? 但是，根据答语中的 we are…可知，问句中的you 其实是指“你”，而是指

“你们”，所以如果用Englishman ，就应换成 Englishmen 才对。由此可排除选项D 。

再看第二空：由于German 的复数是Germans ，不是Germen ，由此可确定C 错误；再根据we are…可知，其后若用名词Englishman ，必须要用复数Englishmen ，而不能是单数，所以排除A 。

所以此题答数为B 。

两道中考英语冠词易错题分析

1. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second.

A. / B. the C. a D. an

【解析】此题容易误选B 。这是由于思维定势引起的，很多同学认为这里的second 是序数词，前面应该用定冠词the 修饰。其实，second 是“秒”的意思。正确答案为C 。

2. _______ India and China are of _______ same continent.

A. /; the B. The ; the C. /; / D. /; a

【解析】此题容易误选D 。这是由于受汉语思维的影响造成的，因为译成汉语时这句话的意思是“印度和中国在同一个大洲”，汉语里说“同一个”，在英语中要说“the same”，这就是此题的陷阱所在。正确答案为A 。

语境·交际·常识

●打好语境基础

所谓语境就是指上下文。解答中考单项填空题，不要只盯在空格那个地方，也不要只盯在含空格的那一个句子，而要理解整个上下文的意思才能作出选择。请看下面这道中考题： —You’re very ______, aren’t you? —Yes. Our team has won the game.

A. happy B. worried C . sad D. afraid

解答此题时你若只看问句，填任何一个答案都是正确的，当看到答句中的has won the match 才知道只有答案A 正确。

●打好交际基础

就是指考生还要懂得英语国家的人与中国人由于历史文化和思维方式的不同所造成日常交往中语言表达的不同。请看下面这道中考题：

—Your spoken English is much better! —______.

A. Oh, no

all

当被别人称赞时，谦虚的中国人常说“不，哪里哪里”或“不，还差得远咧”等等，若按这种思维，很容易错选答案A 或D ；而西方人却是向对方表示感谢，所以答案是C 。 ●打好常识基础

B. You’re rightC. thank you D. Not at

有的中考试题既不是考词汇知识也不是考语法规则，而是考查考生的生活经验和科普常识，比如超市、加油站、公园、学校等公共场所的标志和电视中的一些图标等等。因此，在平时的日常生活中要细心观察，多看书报多看电视，广泛涉猎，并注意生活经验和科普常识的积累。请看下面这道中考试题：

Which of the following weather signs means “windy”?

答案是D ，因为这个图表示windy 。答案A 表示cloudy ，B 表示rainy ，C 表示sunny 。

中考英语典型代词考点易错题例析

1. I hear someone _______at the door. Please go and see who _______ is.

A. knock, he B. knocking, he C. knock, it D. knocking, it

【解析】此题容易误选A 或B 。这是由于汉语思维的影响引起的。大家都知道hear sb. do sth. 意为“听见某人做某事”，hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听见某人正在做某事”，这样一来很多人就会选择A 或B ，因为后面“去看看他是谁”从汉语的角度来看是没有错的。其实，在英语中常常用it 来指代身份(姓名、职业等) 不详的人。有人敲门时我们常

常用英语问“Who is it?”正确答案为D 。

2. Lucy and I are classmates. We _______ in Class One.

A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both

【解析】此题容易误选A 或C 。这里受到汉语思维的影响引起的，译成汉语正好是“我们都在一班”。表示两者都要用both ，both 一般放在be 动词、情态动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。正确答案为D 。

3. There is _______ egg at home. Will you please get _______ for me, please?

A. no, some B. not, some C. not any, any D. not an, any

【解析】此题容易误选C 或D 。这是由于死记语法条文引起的。因为大家都知道some 一般用于肯定句中，而any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中，这样一来A 和B 首先就给排除了。其实，在表示请求或建议的疑问句，如Would you like…? / What would you like…? / Could you/ I …? / What about…? / How about…? / Would/ will you please…?等等疑问句中习惯上要用some 而不用any 。又因为no 可以直接修饰名词，而not 必须加上a/an或any 之后才可以接名词。因此正确答案为A 。

4. —A latest English newspaper, please!

—Only one copy left. Would you like to have _______,

sir?

A. one B. this C. that D. it

【解析】此题容易误选A 。这是由于忽略语境和思维定势造成的。这里是在询问是否有报纸卖，很多同学认为这里最后一句话的意思是“先生，你是否想要一份”。其实，由上文中的Only one copy left. 可知，只剩下一份报纸了，这暗示了购买者别无选择，只能买“它”了。正确答案为D 。

中考英语交际口语易错题10例(有详解)

1. —Don’t make any noise in the living room! My baby is sleeping.

—_______.

A. Sorry, I won’t B. It doesn’t matter

C. Excuse me, I’m wrong D. Certainly, I won’t

【解析】此题容易误选 C 或 D 。一方面可能由于不知道 Excuse me. 与 Sorry. 的区别，而误选为C ；另一方面可能由于不理解这一语境而误选为D 。这里听话者是做错了事情，做错的事情首先应该说 Sorry 表示歉意，然后现表示不会再那样做了。正确答案为A 。

2. —I haven’t seen Jack for three days, is he ill? —_______. His mother told me that he was in

hospital.

A. I am afraid so B. I hope not

C. I don’t expect D. I am afraid not

【解析】此题容易误选B 或D 。一般来说我们不希望别人生病，如果不注意语境的话，就很可能误选为B 或D 。由下文His mother told me that he was in hospital. 可知Jack 可能生病了。I am afraid so. 意为“恐怕是这样的”，常用来表示一种不太肯定的语气。正确答案为A

3. —Excuse me. May I use your computer?

—_______. It’s broken.

A. Sure B. Yes, here you are

C. With pleasure D. I’m afraid not

【解析】此题易犯草率答题的错误而误选A 或B 。对于别人的请求大多数要用肯定回答，如果没有下文的It’s broken. 选择A 或B 那肯定是正确的。由下文的It’s broken. 可知，这里应该拒绝对方的请求，故正确答案为D 。这里I’m afraid not. 意为“恐怕不行”。

4. —Can I get you something to drink, Mr Smith? —_______. I am thirsty.

A. Here you are B. No, thank you

C. You’re welcome D. Yes, please

【解析】此题容易误选B 。因为当对方问自己是否需要某物

时可以说Yes, please. 表示接受，也可以说No, thank you. 表示拒绝。如果不注意看下文的I’m thirsty. 就很可能误选为B 。正确答案为D 。

5. —Your sweater is very beautiful, Joan!

—_______.

A. thank you all the same B. Not at all

C. Just so-so D. thank you

【解析】此题容易误选B 或C 。在汉语中受到别人的表扬或赞美时往往感到不好意思，要谦虚一番，受汉语思维的影响就很容易选择B 或C 。在英语中受到表扬或赞美时往往要欣然接受，向对方表示谢意。如果草率做题此题也很可能会误选为A 。正确答案为D 。

6. —What do you do? —_______.

A. I am thirteenB. I work hard

C. I’m fine D. I’m a student

【解析】此题容易误选B 。What do you do? 所问的不是经常“做什么”，而是在询问对方的“职业”，它相当于What’s your job? 因此正确答案为D 。

注意：以下句型的意思：What is he? (用来询问职业) 他是干什么的？What does he do? (= What’s his job? ) (用来询问职业) What is he like? (用来询问长相或人品) 他长得怎么样？/他是怎样一个人？ How is he? (用来询问

身体状况) 他身体怎么样？How old is he? (用来询问年龄) 他多大了？

7. —Andy isn’t going out this evening, is she?

—_______. She has to stay at home to look after her sick mother.

A. Yes, she is B. No, she isn’t

C. Yes, she isn’t D. No, she is

【解析】此题容易误选C 。答语应译作“是，她不出去”才对，因此受到汉语思维的影响此题就很可能选C ，但是这不符合英语的习惯。其实，否定的疑问句回答与肯定的疑问句的回答方式是一样的，答案肯定的就用“Yes, + 肯定的省略句”；答案是否定的就用“No, +否定的省略句”。只不过否定疑问句的答语中Yes 要译作“不”，No 要译作“是的”，这一点与汉语有点错位。例如：你是一名学生，假如有人这样问你：Are you a student? / Aren’t you a student? / You are a student, aren’t you? / You aren’t a student, are you? 那么你的回答都应该是“Yes, I am.”。只不过应注意在回答第2和第4个问句时Yes 要译作“不”。

8. —Hello. May I speak to Mr. Wang?

—Who’s calling, please.

—_______.

A. I’m Mr. Wang B. Mr. Wang is here

C. This is Mr. Wang speaking D . Mr. Wang is calling

【解析】此题容易误选A 或B 或D 。这是受的汉语思维的影响，因为汉语中在电话时常常说“我是某人”时，但是英语中不说“I am… / … is here. ”而习惯上说“This is … (speaking). / Speaking. ”正确答案为C 。

9. —I fell and hurt my leg just not.

—_______.

A. Be careful B. It doesn’t matter

C. I’m sorry to hear that D. Nothing serious

【解析】此题容易误选A 或B 或D 。这里也很容易受到汉语思维的影响，因为平时对方告诉我们说他或她摔倒了，我们总会对他或她进行安慰说一些“小心点”，“没关系”等等之类的话。而在英语中听到对方诉说一些不幸的事情时往往要说“I’m sorry to hear that. / Bad luck!”之类的话表示同情或安慰，这一点与汉语的习惯不一样。正确答案为C 。

10. —_______.

—thank you very much. I will.

A. Congratulations! B. Best wishes to you

C. Please say hello to your family. D. What a good

wish to your family!

【解析】此题容易误选A 或B 。因为A 和B 两项都可以用thank you very much. 来回答，如果不注意后面的I will. ，那么选择A 或B 的可能性是非常大的。正确答案为C 。Please say hello to your family. 意为“请代我向你的家人问好”。

做好中考英语阅读理解题的实用技巧

1. 保持良好的精神状态。良好的精神状态对于考场上的考生来说非常重要。因为只有在心理放松的情况下，考生的精力才能够集中，思维才会敏捷，从而才能将自己的真实水平发挥出来。

2. 抓住中心句。阅读短文之前，先看短文是否有标题。若有，应给予高度重视。因为标题是文章主题的高度凝聚，它能给我们启发和想象，有利于加深对短文的理解，从而提高做题效率。另外，在没有标题的情况下，应充分重视短文的首、尾句。因为大多数文章都是按照“总---分---总”的结构布局的。据统计，英语中有60%-90%的主题句位于段首和段尾，短文的其他文字往往是对这些中心句的解释和说明。

3. 克服不良习惯，提高阅读速度。由于考试的时间有限，在保证不出偏差的前提下，一定要尽可能地提高阅读速度。倘

若能注意克服以下不良习惯，就可以大大提高阅读速度：①心读。考场上不能出声阅读，于是有的考生就在心里读，有时考生的嘴唇也在动。这是非常不好的习惯，一定要下决心克服。因为这样做会直接制约着阅读速度的提高；②回视(指重新阅读上文) 。阅读中的回视是一种无效劳动，所以应一口气把文章读完，尽量不要回视。这坏习惯是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在平时的学习中就应当引起注意并加以克服；③一个词一个词地看。阅读时，视线应从左向右跳跃式移动，着重扫描意群，同时注意意群中的重要单词，以寻求主要的语言信息。可将冠词、系动词、助动词及不定式符号等小品词一扫而过，不可一词不漏地全部都看一遍；④只读不记。正确的做法是：一边阅读一边用笔记下或标出那些与文后所设问题有关的信息。这样，在做题时就用不着重新查阅短文，至少不用一句一句地再寻找那些隐约有印象的信息，从而可以节省一些时间。

4. 判断要有依据，推理要顺乎作者的意图。对于推理性或评价性之类的阅读理解题目，在材料中一般是找不到现成答案的，必须通读全篇，对所获信息加以筛选、提炼、推断，对作者的思想倾向，对文中提及的人物或事件可能产生的结局等，加以综合考虑才能得出正确结论。对这种题，不能以偏概全，不能“只见树木，不见森林”，不能以个人的想法代替作者的意图。

5. 遇到生词时，一定要沉着、冷静。中考英语试题中，一般是不会盲目地出现生词的，但不排除出现影响答题的生词，同时也可能出现猜测生词的题目，因为猜测词义也是阅读能力的体现，当然也在考查范围之列。遇到这种题目，只要理解了全篇材料的大部分内容，弄清了上、下文之间的内在联系，判断出它在文中可能存在的含义是不难的。英语中猜测词义的方法很多。如：

(1)根据上、下文进行猜测。这是最重要，也是最常用的方法。有些生词可以通过上下文的相关信息，或根据同位语，修饰语等猜测词义。例如：

The people who survived the earthquake cried bitterly over the bodies of their relatives.

【分析】一般来说，中考“阅读理解”题中的“词义猜测”，并不要求考生根据构词法去分析单词的词义，而是要求考生根据文中的有关信息对生词的词义进行推断性的猜测。联系上下文，不难看出：这些人的亲属死了，他们在哭，显然他们在地震中“survive ”了。这个词不就是“幸存”之意吗？可见，这种词义猜测也是建立在对上下文的正确理解之上的。又如：

The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.

【分析】下文中的短语came together意思是“聚到一起”，由此可以推断出学生们是“聚集到”学校大厅里听运动会的结果的。故该词的意思是“聚集”。

(2)利用构词法进行猜测。英语的构词法大致可分为派生、转化和合成等。例如：

Man differs from most from all the other animals in their ability to learn and use languages.

【分析】不难发现，本句中的生词differ 跟different 是同根词，搭配也是from ，其前有man ，其后有animals ，根据这些信息可以断定动词differ 此处有“和……不相同”、“与……存在差别”之意。

这里要特别强调一点，大部分阅读题目在设计过程中，已充分考虑到了生词对答题的影响。对于那些对答题无关紧要的生词，如人名、地名、产品商标名称或影视剧目名称等，一般是不加注汉语的，只要能推断出那些生词的类别就可以了，不必弄清其准确含义。对于那些一时难以断定其意思又不妨碍理解的生词，大可不必理会。

另外，熟词新义也是应当引起重视的。英语词语往往具有一词多义，在不同的场合它所表达的意思就不一定相同。如果仅仅用它的主要或常用的词义来理解一篇文章，就可能产生误解，或者根本无法了解作者的意图。如果一时间想不起该词的其他含义，可根据上下文来判断该词的词义。特别是那

些关键词，必须仔细推敲。

●实战训练●

Have you ever heard of e-books? E-books are

electronic books. They are no larger than an

ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read.

How does the e-book work?

First, you call up websites on your computer and

select books that you want. There are thousands of

books provided by different websites on the

Internet. Then download the books you like on to

your e-book. You can download about 10 books at a

time. Now you can just sit back and enjoy yourself

reading.

Compared with ordinary books, e-books have many

advantages. First of all, e-books save space. You can

put as many as 10 books into a thing no bigger than

a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere. You

can renew reading materials in your e-book as

many times as you like. With the development of

e-book technology, probably an e-library will

appear. Then you just take your e-books there and

download what you want to read. You no longer

need to worry about whether your books are

over-due or not.

根据短文内容，选择可以完成句子的最佳答案。

1. E-books are ________.

A. electronic books

B. no larger than an ordinary book

C. very popular in big city

D. A, B and C

2. First, you ________.

A. call up websites on your computer

B. read books that you want

C. turn on your e-book

D. download the books you like

3. You can download ________ books at a time.

A. two B. ten

C. twelve D. twenty

4. E-books ________.

A. save space

money

C. look like a pocket radio D. carry

it easily

B. save

5. There must be an ________ in the future.

A. e-book B.

e-mail C. e-library

D. e-house

Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian

company presented a “space place” model. It

would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in

space.

Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be

able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people

have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane.

The US company helped the first space tourist,

Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International

Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million

for the eight-day trip. C-21 would offer tourists a

small glimpse of space. The aircraft, carrying a pilot

and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a

carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air.

Once released from the carrier, the ship’s own

rocket will send it to a height of over 96 kilometers

for three minutes of weightlessness. Then C-21 will

slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane. The entire flight will only take about an hour.(from www.zkenglish.com)

仔细阅读短文，补上每个句子中所缺的词，使句意完整，语句连贯。

6. A ________ company would give tourists the ________ to spend an hour in space.

7. About 100 people are ________ to spend $100,000 for ________ on the C-21 plane.

8. Dennis Tito is the first ________ ________. He have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip in space.

9. A ________ and two ________ will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane.

10. C-21 will ________ back into the atmosphere and ________ like an ordinary plane.

Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off. Down came the boy!

This is just a story. But it tells us that man has

always dreamed of flying. In 1783, this dream came true. Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon. It rose a thousand feet high.

It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s. It was a powered balloon.

In North Carolina of America, less than twenty-five years later, the Wright Brothers flew the first airplane. This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet.

根据短文内容，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。

11. Why did the boy come down from the sky? Because ________.

A. he covered his arms with feathers

B. he used wax to keep the feathers on

C. he flew too close to the sun

D. the wax melted and the feathers came off

12. Who invented the hot-air balloon?

A. Two French brothers.

Brothers.

C. Benjamin Franklin. D. Einstein. B. the Wright

13.When was the first airship invented?

A. In the late 1900s.

B. About 100 years ago.

C. A and B.

D. Many years ago.

14. How about the first airplane?

A. The Wright Brothers invented the first airplane.

B. It flew less than half a minute and a few feet high.

C. This first flight was in 1903.

D. It was born in North Carolina of America.

【答案与解析】

1. D。根据E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read 可知答案为D 。

2. A 。根据First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want可知答案为A 。

3. B 。根据You can download about 10 books at a time(你每次大约能下载10本书) 就能确定答案。

4. A 。根据First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere(首先，电子书节省空间，你能放10本书进入比口袋收音机大不多的

一件东西里，且可携带到任何地方去) 可确定答案。

5. C 。根据With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear(随着电子书技术的发展，电子图书馆就会应运而生) 就能确定答案。

6. Russian, chance 。根据Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a “space place” model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space(人类渴望开发太空旅游市场, 一家俄罗斯公司提出一项“太空住所” 样式，将给旅游者提供1小时在太空潇洒的机会) 足能敲定要填的词(from www.zkenglish.com)。

7. eager, flying 。根据Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane (任何能负担得起大约10万美元的人都能体验飞行时之失重状态，约有100人已经预定了飞向太空的C-21 型飞机的座位) 足能敲定要填的词。

8. space tourist 。根据The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip(美国公司帮助第一位太空旅行者丹尼斯·提托安全飞行到太空站上，

据提托说他付了两千万美元旅行了8天) 足能敲定要填的词。

9. pilot, passengers 。根据The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air(载一个飞行员和两名乘客的太空船安放在一架航空母舰上，一直飞行到17,100米的高度) 足能敲定要填的词。

10. slide, land。根据Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane(然后C-21就滑回到大气层中，像一架普通飞机着陆到地面上) 足能敲定要填的词。

11. D。根据 Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off (从前, 一个胳膊上绑着羽毛的男孩想飞向蓝天。他用蜡把羽毛粘在胳膊上，由于飞得离太阳太近，蜡融化了，羽毛脱落了) 显然, 选项A 和选项B 都不是原因，选项C 是原因，选项D 才是最佳答案。

12. A 。根据 Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon(两个法国兄弟发明了热气球) 就能确定选项。

13. C 。根据 It took almost 100 years for men to

move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s可知答案选C 。

14. B。根据This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet(1903年诞生了第一架飞机，飞行不到半分钟，仅飞了几英尺高) 可知答案选B 。

备考现在完成时的六个要点

现在完成时是初中英语中最重要也是最难掌握的一个时态，同时它也是中考英语中一个最重要的时态考点，许多同学们对现在完成的用法似懂非懂，具体做题时也往往是跟着感觉走。本文结合初中英语的教学内容和中考英语的考查特点，为同学们归纳学好定语从句必须注意的五个方面，供大家参考。

一、弄清基本构成方法

现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。其中的have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not 。

二、掌握两种主要用法

现在完成时主要有两种用法，一种是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法；另一种是未完成用法，也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是：

1. 已完成用法(影响性用法) ：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如：

She has left. 她离开了。(对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这儿。)

Has she found her car key? 她找到她的车钥匙了吗?(对现在的影响或结果：她能开她的车了吗?)

I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。(对现在的影响或结果：现在我没事了。)

He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。(对现在的影响或结果：他现在一定很饿。)

2. 未完成用法(持续性用法) ：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束) 。如：

How have you been? 你近来怎样?

She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。

How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了?

They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。

I’ve known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。注：除以上用法外，现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作。如：

He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。

I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。

三、注意通常连用的副词

现在完成时通常连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等。如：

We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。

He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。 Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?

She’s just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。 I’ve just had some photos taken. 我刚照了几张相。但是，若不强调动作对现在的影响，这些副词也可用一般过去时。如：

He just arrived in Japan. 他刚到日本。

Such things didn’t happen before. 那样的事以前没

有发生过。

I hear that he went abroad recently. 我听说他最近出国了。

四、注意since 与现在完成时的关系

since 不管用作介词、连词还是副词，句子(主句) 谓语通常都用现在完成时。如：

I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她

I met him in 1975 and haven't seen him since. 1975年我见过他，但自那以后就一直未见到他。

We have been good friends since we met at school. 自从读书相识以来，我们一直是好朋友。

注：表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：

It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。 It’s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有半年了。

五、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆，其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如： I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现

在仍住这儿)

I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)

Has he got up? 他起来了吗? (着眼现在情况)

Did you get up very early? 你起来很早吗? (着眼动作本身)

I’ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样)

I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。(单纯谈论动作)

六、掌握have been to 和have gone to的用法区别两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较：

She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次。 She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。(即现在不在这儿)

注：若其后不是接名词，而是接副词，则不用to 。如： He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。 He has gone home. 他回家去了。

做好选择填空的六项注意

1. 注意暗示的语言信息

当今许多考题不再像以往那样直抒题意，而是把题置于一个特定的环境。这样的选择题常在题干上附带文字信息。这种信息就是答题的关键，所以要认真研究暗示信息，结合所学知识点，选出最佳答案。例如：

(1) Is there ______ food in the fridge？I’m hungry.

A. some B. any C. something D. anything 本题是考查不定代词的用法，从题干上可知C 、D 不作定语，应考虑A 、B 两个选项，这时就需要领会附加成分I’m hungry. 的含义，它的意思是“我饿了。”，言下之意希望冰箱里有食物，即希望肯定回答，故选A 。

(2) ______ have you been to Xi’an？

—Twice. (from www.zkenglish.com)

A. How soon B. How m any times

C. How often D. How long

本题主要是对疑问词的考查，由于A 用于将来时态，D 用于表段时间，本题只有在B 、C 中选择了。有的同学一见Twice 就会选C ，本题的关键也确实在Twice 这个附加成分上，仔细分析Twice ，它表示“两次”，并不是多久两次，故选B 。

2. 注意思维定势的影响

“思维定势”在这里是指我们习惯的思维方式，学生往往受所谓“语法习惯，固定搭配”等思维方式的影响，凭借自己“丰富”的解题经验，盲目地选择答案。当然，凭经验有一定的快速答题优势，但它有时又往往干扰考生做题。做这样的题，我们要仔细分析题干，找准考点并逐个排除选出最佳答案。例如：

(1) There are a lot ____ people today than yesterday.

A. of B. most C. / D. more

有的同学一看此题，就会认为选A ，因为是固定搭配a lot of 。如果我们仔细分析一下题干可知，此句有一连词than 引导的比较状语从句，这是个比较结构，排除A 、C 项，B 是最高级应排除，故答案理所当然应选D 。本题的考查点应是副词a lot修饰比较级m ore，意为“多得多”。

(2) Shanghai is larger than ____ city in New Zealand.

A. any other B. other C. all other D. any

此题是考查比较级句型，很多考生就容易误选A ，因为“比较级＋than any other ＋名词”这一比较模式在学生的思维中已成定式，印象很深。可是新西兰这个国家与上海所在国家(中国) 不是同一地理范围，上海不是与本国的城市相比，而是与它国的城市相比，不必排除“自身”这个比较对象。不必加other 一词。故本题选D 。

3. 注意英语习惯表达，排除母语干扰

由于英美人的文化习俗和我们中国人不一样，因此在不同的场合，不同的时间，对待不同的事情，我们不能想当然按我们的思维方式答题，而应该用英美人的思维方式。例如：

(1) —Would you like some more fish？

—______, I’m full.

A. Yes, please B. No, thanks

C. No, I won’t have it D. Yes, I won’t to

本题考查英语的口语表达习惯，在西方国家，想接受或拒绝对方盛情时用“Yes ，please.”或“No，thanks.”，由题意应选B 。而很多学生受母语“我想要”或“不想”的影响，易误选C 。

(2) —You are a beautiful girl. —_____.

A. No，I am not beautiful B. thank you

C. Not at all D. I’m not so beautiful as you.

本题应选B 。根据英美人士的习惯，当别人夸奖或赞美你时，你不应过分谦虚，而应该表示感谢以示礼貌和自信(尽管明知自己在此方面不行) ，千万别受母语影响，说一些自谦的话而选A 或C 。

4. 注意一些特殊的语法现象

在英语中，有一些看似不和常理的特殊用法，很容易给学生

造成误解而答错题。例如：

(1) I will ring you up when I ____ Wuhan tomorrow.

A. will reach B. reached C. reaches D. reach

本题考查的是动词时态，有些同学一见从句后有tom orrow ，就选A ，实际上在我们学习语法知识时有这样一条“如果主句是一般将来时态、情态动词加动词原形、祈使句时，由if 引导的条件状语从句和when ，until ，be-fore ，after ，as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时”。所以本题应选D 。

(2) He told m e that the sun ____ in the east.

A. rose B. had risen C. rises D. have risen 本题是考查动词的时态，有些同学认为当主句是过去式时，宾语从句应是与过去有关的各种时态，很容易选B 。如果我们仔细分析一下that 引导的宾语从句，就可知“太阳从东方升起”应是一种自然现象。我们都知道表述客观真理、自然现象和客观规律时，不受其他条件影响一律用一般现在时，故本题应选C 。

5. 注意一些其他学科知识对答题的影响

有些同学在做题时，往往英语意思明白，可是由于其他(如：天文、地理、历史、生活等) 知识欠佳而失分。英语和汉语一样都是人们用于学习其他知识的工具，所以我们不能为学英语而学英语，而应把它加以运用。例如：

(1) The People’s Republic of China was founded.

A. on October 1, 1949 B.

October 1

C. in October 1, 1949 D. 1949, in October 1

(2) Which is ____, the moon or the earth？

A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 显而易见，题1涉及历史知识“中华人民共和国建立于1949年10月1日”，根据这一历史知识应选A 。题2涉及的是天文知识“地球与月亮哪个大”，两者相比用比较级，故本题选B 。

6. 熟记语法知识，注意习惯用法

近年来，有的中考题淡化了语法知识考查，但记牢最基本的语法知识仍有利于我们理解题意和答题。

The farm ers are all busy ____ apples.

A. pick B. to pick C. picking D. to picking

根据语法知识，be busy 的习惯用法是be busy 后接动词-ing 形式。故本题应选C 。像这样的固定用法还有enjoy doing sth, keep(sb ／sth )doing sth, finish doing sth, can’t help doing sth, feel like doing sth, m ind doing sth, prerfer doing sth to doing sth 等等。 1949, on

中考典型易错题举例分析

1. It is _______ outside. Let’s put on our raincoats and go out, Tom.

A. cold B. hot C. sunny D. rainy

2. —_______ do you _______ about spring?

—The flowers and the green trees.

A. How, like B. How, think C. What, think D. What, like

3. —What’s your sister like?

—_______.

A. She is a worker B. She likes pears

C. She is very thin D. She is like her father

4. —It’s too hot. Would you mind _______ the door? —_______. Please do it now.

A. to open, OK B. opening, Certainly not

C. opening, Of course D. to open, Good idea

5. —If you have any trouble, be sure to call me. —_______.

A. I am glad to hear that B. I will. thank you very much.

C. I have no trouble D. I will think it over

【解析】此题陷阱选项为A 或D 。由于受汉语思维的影响很容易

1. We should keep _______ in the reading-room.

A. quiteB. quietly

C. quiet D .quickly

2. The light in the room wasn’t _______for me to read.

A. enough bright B. brightly enough

C. enough brightly D. bright enough

3. She is _______of the two.

A. the cleverest B. the cleverer

C. the clever D. cleverest

4. —How far is the factory from here?

—It’s about 4 kilometres _______.

A. far B. long

C. away D . near

5. —Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? —No. I think we need _______ men.

A. another B. other two

C. more two D. two more

6. He is taller than _______ girl in his class.

A. any B. other

C. any other D. another

7. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _______ voice.

A. the best B. a best

C. the better D. a better

三道易错名词考题分析

1. _______ fathers made them have piano lessons.

A. Peter and Ann’s B. Peter’s and Ann’s

C. Peter’s and Ann D. Peter and Ann

名词是单数可数名词，就只在后面一个名词后面用所有格；如果所修饰的名词是复数可数名词，就两个名词都用所有格。正确答案为B 。

2. There are a lot _______ people today than yesterday.

A. of B. / C. most D. more

3. “Excuse me, are you _______? ”

“No, we are _______. ”

A. American, Englishman B. American, Germans

C. American, Germen D. Englishman, Americans

“你们”，所以如果用Englishman ，就应换成 Englishmen 才对。由此可排除选项D 。

所以此题答数为B 。

两道中考英语冠词易错题分析

1. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second.

A. / B. the C. a D. an

2. _______ India and China are of _______ same continent.

A. /; the B. The ; the C. /; / D. /; a

语境·交际·常识

●打好语境基础

A. happy B. worried C . sad D. afraid

解答此题时你若只看问句，填任何一个答案都是正确的，当看到答句中的has won the match 才知道只有答案A 正确。

●打好交际基础

就是指考生还要懂得英语国家的人与中国人由于历史文化和思维方式的不同所造成日常交往中语言表达的不同。请看下面这道中考题：

—Your spoken English is much better! —______.

A. Oh, no

all

B. You’re rightC. thank you D. Not at

Which of the following weather signs means “windy”?

答案是D ，因为这个图表示windy 。答案A 表示cloudy ，B 表示rainy ，C 表示sunny 。

中考英语典型代词考点易错题例析

1. I hear someone _______at the door. Please go and see who _______ is.

A. knock, he B. knocking, he C. knock, it D. knocking, it

常用英语问“Who is it?”正确答案为D 。

2. Lucy and I are classmates. We _______ in Class One.

A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both

3. There is _______ egg at home. Will you please get _______ for me, please?

A. no, some B. not, some C. not any, any D. not an, any

4. —A latest English newspaper, please!

—Only one copy left. Would you like to have _______,

sir?

A. one B. this C. that D. it

中考英语交际口语易错题10例(有详解)

1. —Don’t make any noise in the living room! My baby is sleeping.

—_______.

A. Sorry, I won’t B. It doesn’t matter

C. Excuse me, I’m wrong D. Certainly, I won’t

2. —I haven’t seen Jack for three days, is he ill? —_______. His mother told me that he was in

hospital.

A. I am afraid so B. I hope not

C. I don’t expect D. I am afraid not

3. —Excuse me. May I use your computer?

—_______. It’s broken.

A. Sure B. Yes, here you are

C. With pleasure D. I’m afraid not

4. —Can I get you something to drink, Mr Smith? —_______. I am thirsty.

A. Here you are B. No, thank you

C. You’re welcome D. Yes, please

【解析】此题容易误选B 。因为当对方问自己是否需要某物

时可以说Yes, please. 表示接受，也可以说No, thank you. 表示拒绝。如果不注意看下文的I’m thirsty. 就很可能误选为B 。正确答案为D 。

5. —Your sweater is very beautiful, Joan!

—_______.

A. thank you all the same B. Not at all

C. Just so-so D. thank you

6. —What do you do? —_______.

A. I am thirteenB. I work hard

C. I’m fine D. I’m a student

【解析】此题容易误选B 。What do you do? 所问的不是经常“做什么”，而是在询问对方的“职业”，它相当于What’s your job? 因此正确答案为D 。

身体状况) 他身体怎么样？How old is he? (用来询问年龄) 他多大了？

7. —Andy isn’t going out this evening, is she?

—_______. She has to stay at home to look after her sick mother.

A. Yes, she is B. No, she isn’t

C. Yes, she isn’t D. No, she is

8. —Hello. May I speak to Mr. Wang?

—Who’s calling, please.

—_______.

A. I’m Mr. Wang B. Mr. Wang is here

C. This is Mr. Wang speaking D . Mr. Wang is calling

9. —I fell and hurt my leg just not.

—_______.

A. Be careful B. It doesn’t matter

C. I’m sorry to hear that D. Nothing serious

10. —_______.

—thank you very much. I will.

A. Congratulations! B. Best wishes to you

C. Please say hello to your family. D. What a good

wish to your family!

做好中考英语阅读理解题的实用技巧

3. 克服不良习惯，提高阅读速度。由于考试的时间有限，在保证不出偏差的前提下，一定要尽可能地提高阅读速度。倘

(1)根据上、下文进行猜测。这是最重要，也是最常用的方法。有些生词可以通过上下文的相关信息，或根据同位语，修饰语等猜测词义。例如：

The people who survived the earthquake cried bitterly over the bodies of their relatives.

The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.

【分析】下文中的短语came together意思是“聚到一起”，由此可以推断出学生们是“聚集到”学校大厅里听运动会的结果的。故该词的意思是“聚集”。

(2)利用构词法进行猜测。英语的构词法大致可分为派生、转化和合成等。例如：

Man differs from most from all the other animals in their ability to learn and use languages.

些关键词，必须仔细推敲。

●实战训练●

Have you ever heard of e-books? E-books are

electronic books. They are no larger than an

ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read.

How does the e-book work?

First, you call up websites on your computer and

select books that you want. There are thousands of

books provided by different websites on the

Internet. Then download the books you like on to

your e-book. You can download about 10 books at a

time. Now you can just sit back and enjoy yourself

reading.

Compared with ordinary books, e-books have many

advantages. First of all, e-books save space. You can

put as many as 10 books into a thing no bigger than

a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere. You

can renew reading materials in your e-book as

many times as you like. With the development of

e-book technology, probably an e-library will

appear. Then you just take your e-books there and

download what you want to read. You no longer

need to worry about whether your books are

over-due or not.

根据短文内容，选择可以完成句子的最佳答案。

1. E-books are ________.

A. electronic books

B. no larger than an ordinary book

C. very popular in big city

D. A, B and C

2. First, you ________.

A. call up websites on your computer

B. read books that you want

C. turn on your e-book

D. download the books you like

3. You can download ________ books at a time.

A. two B. ten

C. twelve D. twenty

4. E-books ________.

A. save space

money

C. look like a pocket radio D. carry

it easily

B. save

5. There must be an ________ in the future.

A. e-book B.

e-mail C. e-library

D. e-house

Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian

company presented a “space place” model. It

would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in

space.

Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be

able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people

have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane.

The US company helped the first space tourist,

Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International

Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million

for the eight-day trip. C-21 would offer tourists a

small glimpse of space. The aircraft, carrying a pilot

and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a

carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air.

Once released from the carrier, the ship’s own

rocket will send it to a height of over 96 kilometers

for three minutes of weightlessness. Then C-21 will

slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane. The entire flight will only take about an hour.(from www.zkenglish.com)

仔细阅读短文，补上每个句子中所缺的词，使句意完整，语句连贯。

6. A ________ company would give tourists the ________ to spend an hour in space.

7. About 100 people are ________ to spend $100,000 for ________ on the C-21 plane.

8. Dennis Tito is the first ________ ________. He have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip in space.

9. A ________ and two ________ will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane.

10. C-21 will ________ back into the atmosphere and ________ like an ordinary plane.

Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off. Down came the boy!

This is just a story. But it tells us that man has

always dreamed of flying. In 1783, this dream came true. Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon. It rose a thousand feet high.

It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s. It was a powered balloon.

In North Carolina of America, less than twenty-five years later, the Wright Brothers flew the first airplane. This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet.

根据短文内容，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。

11. Why did the boy come down from the sky? Because ________.

A. he covered his arms with feathers

B. he used wax to keep the feathers on

C. he flew too close to the sun

D. the wax melted and the feathers came off

12. Who invented the hot-air balloon?

A. Two French brothers.

Brothers.

C. Benjamin Franklin. D. Einstein. B. the Wright

13.When was the first airship invented?

A. In the late 1900s.

B. About 100 years ago.

C. A and B.

D. Many years ago.

14. How about the first airplane?

A. The Wright Brothers invented the first airplane.

B. It flew less than half a minute and a few feet high.

C. This first flight was in 1903.

D. It was born in North Carolina of America.

【答案与解析】

1. D。根据E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read 可知答案为D 。

2. A 。根据First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want可知答案为A 。

3. B 。根据You can download about 10 books at a time(你每次大约能下载10本书) 就能确定答案。

一件东西里，且可携带到任何地方去) 可确定答案。

5. C 。根据With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear(随着电子书技术的发展，电子图书馆就会应运而生) 就能确定答案。

据提托说他付了两千万美元旅行了8天) 足能敲定要填的词。

12. A 。根据 Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon(两个法国兄弟发明了热气球) 就能确定选项。

13. C 。根据 It took almost 100 years for men to

move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s可知答案选C 。

备考现在完成时的六个要点

一、弄清基本构成方法

现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。其中的have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not 。

二、掌握两种主要用法

现在完成时主要有两种用法，一种是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法；另一种是未完成用法，也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是：

She has left. 她离开了。(对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这儿。)

Has she found her car key? 她找到她的车钥匙了吗?(对现在的影响或结果：她能开她的车了吗?)

I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。(对现在的影响或结果：现在我没事了。)

He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。(对现在的影响或结果：他现在一定很饿。)

How have you been? 你近来怎样?

She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。

How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了?

They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。

I’ve known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。注：除以上用法外，现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作。如：

He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。

I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。

三、注意通常连用的副词

现在完成时通常连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等。如：

We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。

He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。 Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?

He just arrived in Japan. 他刚到日本。

Such things didn’t happen before. 那样的事以前没

有发生过。

I hear that he went abroad recently. 我听说他最近出国了。

四、注意since 与现在完成时的关系

since 不管用作介词、连词还是副词，句子(主句) 谓语通常都用现在完成时。如：

I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她

I met him in 1975 and haven't seen him since. 1975年我见过他，但自那以后就一直未见到他。

We have been good friends since we met at school. 自从读书相识以来，我们一直是好朋友。

注：表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：

It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。 It’s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有半年了。

五、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

在仍住这儿)

I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)

Has he got up? 他起来了吗? (着眼现在情况)

Did you get up very early? 你起来很早吗? (着眼动作本身)

I’ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样)

I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。(单纯谈论动作)

She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次。 She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。(即现在不在这儿)

注：若其后不是接名词，而是接副词，则不用to 。如： He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。 He has gone home. 他回家去了。

做好选择填空的六项注意

1. 注意暗示的语言信息

(1) Is there ______ food in the fridge？I’m hungry.

(2) ______ have you been to Xi’an？

—Twice. (from www.zkenglish.com)

A. How soon B. How m any times

C. How often D. How long

2. 注意思维定势的影响

(1) There are a lot ____ people today than yesterday.

A. of B. most C. / D. more

(2) Shanghai is larger than ____ city in New Zealand.

A. any other B. other C. all other D. any

3. 注意英语习惯表达，排除母语干扰

(1) —Would you like some more fish？

—______, I’m full.

A. Yes, please B. No, thanks

C. No, I won’t have it D. Yes, I won’t to

(2) —You are a beautiful girl. —_____.

A. No，I am not beautiful B. thank you

C. Not at all D. I’m not so beautiful as you.

4. 注意一些特殊的语法现象

在英语中，有一些看似不和常理的特殊用法，很容易给学生

造成误解而答错题。例如：

(1) I will ring you up when I ____ Wuhan tomorrow.

A. will reach B. reached C. reaches D. reach

(2) He told m e that the sun ____ in the east.

5. 注意一些其他学科知识对答题的影响

(1) The People’s Republic of China was founded.

A. on October 1, 1949 B.

October 1

C. in October 1, 1949 D. 1949, in October 1

(2) Which is ____, the moon or the earth？

6. 熟记语法知识，注意习惯用法

近年来，有的中考题淡化了语法知识考查，但记牢最基本的语法知识仍有利于我们理解题意和答题。

The farm ers are all busy ____ apples.

A. pick B. to pick C. picking D. to picking

初中英语常见易错题解析

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