[英语学习] 最高级形容词
454 在3个或更多人或东西中，某种品质的最高程度通常都以最高级表示，可用在名词前面作为限制性形容词，或用在其他位置，作为非限制性形容词。
1．限制性用法
455 在最高级用在名词前面时，通常前面要加the：
The highest mountain is in China．
He has the prettiest house in this village．
The móst（重读）exquisite watch comes from Switzerland．
The móst（重读）intelligent student in this class comes from the countryside．
456 如果前面不加the，most有特殊意思，变作修饰名词的形容词，表示“次数”，而不是像上面例句中那样作修饰形容词的副词，表示“最”：
Móst exquisite watches（复数）come from Swetzerland．
Móst intelligent students in this class come from the countryside．
457 如果前面加a，most表示“非常”，“极端”，“特别”等意思。这种表示极大程度，而不进行“比较”的最高级，称为绝对最高级（Absolute Superlative），和它相对，表示最高程度并进行“比较”的称为相对最高级（Relative Superlative）：
He is a most intélligent student．
He has a most éxquisite watch．
It is a most kínd（不用kindest）offer．
He leads a most háppy（不用happiest）life．
458 如果前面不加a，后面跟有一个复数名词或不可数名词，most（不重读）仍然表示“非常”：
They are most intélligent students．
He has most exquisite watches．
He eats most nutritious food．
Most difficult work has been assigned to me．
459 在复数名词及不可数名词前，-est也和most一样，可表示“非常”，“极为”这类意思：
It has existed since éarliest（＝very early）（重读并拉长）days．（复数可数名词）
Hr received my gift with wármest thanks．
He is a man of gréatest ability（不可数名词）．
I owe you déepest gratitude．
There was clósest intimacy between them．
460 甚至在加the时，最高级有时也可表示“非常”，“极为”这类意思：
He spoke to me in the kindest（=very kind）terms．
He has the wórst（=extremely bad）opinion about me．
He made the rúdest remark before her．
461 在指示性形容词后，最高级也可以是绝对的（即表示“非常”，“极为”等意思）：
His déarest son is always at hand．
Every smállest trouble will give her a big headache．
Some lárgest streets are being built．
No fáintest hope is in sight．
462 用在名词前面，具有限制作用的相对最高级，不仅前面要加the，而且常常跟有一个表示比较的范围的东西，它可以是单词1），短语2），从句3）或是一个省略的成分4）（这时比较的范围很明显）。跟有这类东西的最高级前必须加the：
1）It is the best book imaginable（or available，conceivable，possible，known）．（形容
词）（这时也可放在最高级及名词之间，如best imaginable book．）
He is the most vicious villain alive（or living）．
2）It's the largest river in the world．（介词短语）
I spoke to the oldest member among us（or of all）．
That is the best game at the tea party．
I like to read Dickens，the greatest English novelist in the 19th century．
It may be the largest bridge ever built by man．（分词）
It is the largest bridge ever crossing the river．
John will be our youngest son to be taken to Paris．（不定式）
Shakespeare will be the most interesting subject for students to study．
3）I am driving the best car that I can get（or that man canmake）．（从句）
He is the most honest man I ever know（or you have ever seen，the earth ever produced，there is）．
He is one of the greatest poets that have ever been born．
He is the only one of the greatest poets，that has written on this subject．
4）This is the best dictionary（that I know）．（表示相比范围的部分省略掉）
Where is the nearest post office（from here）？
This largest street（in this city）was built years ago．
Let me tell you the happiest news（that we can get）．
463 最高级后面的名词（主体词）有时可省略，这时最高级前的the必须保留。
He read the book from the first page to the last（page）．
The eldest son is twenty，and the youngest（son）is ten．
464 后面跟有of引出的短语中包含有同一名词时，前面名词必须省略：
He is the best（member）of all members．
在用“最高级+but one”时，后面的名词必须省略，以避免重复：
He is the best student but one（student）．（=He is the second best student．）
465 在“the+最高级+of+复数名词”这种结构中，最高级可以是绝对的，也可以是相对的：
She is the wisest（woman）of women（=an extremely wise woman）．（绝对）
She is the wisest（woman）of the women（=a woman wiser than the others）．（相对）
He lives in the quietest（place）of places（=an extremely quiet place）．（绝对）
He lives in the quietest（place）of the places（=a place quieter than the others）．（相对）
He usually eats at the Diamond，the most popular of restaurants，the largest of any restaurant．
It is the dirtiest of money．
He writes the most beautiful of poetry，the most original of novels．
He wishes me the best of health．
He is in the best of company．
I did it with the greatest of care．
466 在上面这类结构中，间或在of后重复前面形容词（用原级），表示强调：
He wrote her the tenderest of tender letters．
This is the strangest of strange cities．
He is the poorest of the poor，the most humble of the humble．He is the mightiest of the mighty，the wickedest of the wicked．
467 这类“of＋the+最高级”结构也可用作补语，表示“非常”，“极
为”等意思：
His dress is of the（very poor）．（绝对）
The street is of the（=extremely narrow）．
His reign is of the most powerful．
The wound is of the slightest．
468 最高级后的people常可省略，表示某类的人：
The most fortunate（people）never care about the most unfortunate（people）．
The strongest oppress the weakest．
The highest and the lowest have all been invited．
469 在个别词组中最高级的主体词常常省略：
We sell only the best（goods）．
The worst（luck）always comes to the poorest．
470 如果主体词为可数名词，也可用one或ones代替：
He keeps the largest fishes and throw away the smallest ones．All his children go to school except the smallest one（=child）．
471 相对最高级形容词常可和介词构成一个短语，不仅主体词不出现，连the有时也不出现：
At first，he did not believe me，but at last he regretted．
He has at least a million dollars，but spends at most twenty dollars a day．
He is at（the）worst a minister，but at best a secondrate father．
I told him to return next Sunday at（the）latest，but he said he would return next month at（the）earliest．
472 最高级有时表示某人或某物处于“最……”状态，这时可说是一种自我比较。常见的这类用法是“及物动词+物主代词+最高级+（被省略的宾语）+副词短语（从句）”：
She sang her sweetest（song）last night．（=She sang better last night than she sang at any other time．）
She smiled her pleasantest when she heard the good news．
The noise reached its loudest（now）．（如果意思明显，副词或副词短语也可省略。）
The wind blew its fiercest（gale）in the eastern provinces．（＝ The wind blew more fiercely in the eastern provinces than it blew in any other place．）
I studied the hardest while I was at my country house．
Suddenly questioned，I stared my（very）hardest．
Having heard my remark，she laughed her heartiest．
注：在这种句子中很少用most构成最高级。
473 这种自我比较也常见于“系动词+at+物主代词+最高级+副词短语或从句”这类句子中：
She is at her most sorrowful today．
He is at his（very）happiest when he sees her．
John was at his most enthusiastic when he was praised．This artist is at his worst at the party．
Shakespeare is at his greatest in Hamlet．
如果意思明显，状语可以省略：
The hurricane is at its（or the）fiercest．
除了系动词，偶尔还可和其他动词一起用：
The moon shone at its brightest．
474 在这类结构中，主体词有时也可出现：
My fortunes are at their lowest ebb．
The village is now at its（or the） prettiest moment．
The party was at its height．（有最高级意义的名词）
The tide is at its full．
His career was then at its aper（or climax）．
I saw Mary at her gayest．
At
his most angry，John will curse．
2．非限制性用法
475 除了用在名词前面，最高级还可用在其他位置。如果前面有the，则是相对最高级，否则就是相对最高级或绝对最高级：
John is the most intelligent（one）．（=John is more intelligent than the others．）（相对）
John is most intelligent．（=John is more intelligent than the others，or，John is very intelligent．）（相对或绝对）You are most kind．（绝对）
Russian is（the）most difficult．
John is（the）happiest．
This method seems（the）easiest and simplest．
First impressions are（the）deepest．
I find John（the）most intelligent．
Mary left John（the）happiest．
I tried to make the method（the）easiest and simplest．（The）Most intelligent，John passed the examination with honours．
（The）Easiest and simplest，this method will help increase the production of food．
476 最高级若跟有表示比较范围的成分，前面必须加the：
This method seems the easiest in this area．
This river is the largest of all．
This girl was the most beautiful in her colleg days．This is the best I can do．
My wife is the most stubborn that a husband has ever handled．
477 非限制性最高级也可用于自我比较：
She looked prettiest that evening（=prettier that evening than herself at any other time）．
（但：She looked the prettiest that evening=She looked prettier than any other girl that evening．）
Oysters are fattest in winter．
The sun is most beautiful at dawn．
The pagoda looks most impressive against the sun．
The river is deepest here．
间或也需加the，以避免把most理解为“非常”：
This player is the most successful in the tragedy．I was the most proud when she agreed to marry me．
3．结束语
478 最高程度可有几种表示方法。下面5个句子意思几乎相同：
John is the most intelligent of（or among）all the students．
John is more intelligent than all the other students，（He's one of them．）
John is more intelligent than all the students．（He's not one of them．）
No（other）student is so intelligent as John．
John is as intelligent as any student．
注：more intelligent这样的比较级和as（so）intelligent这样的原级也可用来表示最高程度。
479 下面四句话意思基本上相同：
Richard is one of the best students．
Richard is among（or one of）the best students．
Richard and Mary are among（不是one of）the best students．（among这个词可用在复数主语后面，one of却不能。）
Richard is better than most students．
Very few students are so good as Richard．
480 下面句子意思都一样：
This is the longest river but one in this country．
This is the second longest river in this country．
This is the next longest river in this country．
This is the next to the longest river in this country．
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2#
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在下面句子中最高级都是相对的：
1）He loves her the most tenderly．
John did it the most skillfully．
She sang the most beautifully．
2）John ran the fastest and reached the goal the soonest．
John was born the first．
She shouted the loudest，so I hated her the most．He did it the quickest，so I liked him the best．I like it the least．
Respect everybody—most of all your parents．
Do not cheat anybody—least of all your parents．I never smoke—least of all before women．
在上面句子中the可以省略。如果那样，第一类句子中的带most的最高级可以是相对的，也可以是绝对的。
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3#
发表于 2009-10-1 14:24 | 只看该作者
量词（Quantitatives）和不可数名词一起用，如much（milk），little（courage）；数词（Numericals）和可数名词一起用，如many（houses），five（students）。在more water和lots of danger中，more和lots of分别为量词，而在more people和lots of people中，more和lots of都是数词。量词、数词可以是一个词，如much，most，numerous，也可以是一组词，如a great many，a lot of，a great number of，five bags of，ten pounds of，这类词组大多数以of结尾，可以用作形容词，把of省略掉时可用作名词。
483 量词和数词都可以用作1）限制形容词，2）作补语用形容词，3）代词，4）名词，量词甚至还可用作5）副词：
1）He has many friends．（在名词前作限制形容词）
Does he drink much water every day？
2）His friends are many．（在系动词后作补语形容词）
I find his demand too much for her．（在宾补动词后作宾语补语形容词）
3）I know few people，but he knows many．（代词many=形容词many+被省略的名词people）
The work has been started，and much has been done．（代词much=形容词much+被省略的名词work）
4）Many read for pleasure．（名词many不代表前面提的任何词，而仅仅指人。只有数词可以这样用。）
Few are free from faults．
Much can be done．（名词much不代表前面提的任何词，只能指读者很容易猜到的东西。只有量词可以这样用。）
I know little of life．
5）You shoul
d sleep more．（副词，修饰动词）
It is more difficult．（修饰形容词）
He works less diligently than you．（修饰另一副词）
He is more in love with her than he seems．（修饰介词短语）（只有量词可用作副词，数词不能。）
484 当量词和数词用作代词和名词时，它们仍具有形容词的特点，前面可以有一个副词（多为程度副词）修饰它们：
Very few can understand this poem．
Not much has been said．
He is not satisfied with so little．
Only three have come．
I say as much．
He knows but little．
He wants much more．
I want a little less．
John can supply us with a great deal more．
485 Few（或some，many，several，most）of the cities和few（或some等）cities是不同的。前者表示整个数目中的一部分，而后者没有这种意义。同样，little（或much，some，most）ofthe rice和little（或much等）rice也是不同的。前者表示整个数量中的一部分。不过little of danger，more of courage，the least of work和little danger，more courage，the least work却有相同意思。抽象概念无法分成若干部分，加上of只是出于音韵上的考虑。
486 “be+量词+of”可表示各种程度的肯定与否定：
He is much of a scholar．（=He is quite a scholar．）
He is little（or nothing）of a doctor．（＝He is hardly or not a doctor．）
John was a little of a liar．（=John was rather a liar．）
John was more of a businessman than a painter．（=He was rather a businessman than a painter．）
It is less of a school than a prison．（=It is rather a prison than a school．）
It is not so much a school as a prison．（意思与上句相同）
It is not enough of a good machine．
It is too much of a good thing．
（比较：You cannot have too much of a good thing．）
487 “see+量词+of”表示看见某人的频率：
I saw much of him．（＝I often saw him．）
I saw little of him．（=I seldom saw him．）
I have seen much less of him this year．
Did you see a great deal of him？
I saw quite a lot of Mary．
I saw nothing of him．
I have seen enough of her．
This was the last I saw of him．
I have come to see the last of you．
It was the first I ever saw of Mary．
488 数词可以表示不定数目，如many，few，a large number of；也可表示固定数目，如seven，ten thousand and one，two thirds．量词基本上表示不定数量，如much，a large quantity of a great deal of。它们若含有数词，也可表示固定数量，如five pounds of，six boxes of，two spoonfuls of．下面我们将首先讨论不定数词和量词，然后讨论固定数词与量词。
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Many（＝a large number of）最常用在1）否定词，2）so，3）too，4）as和5）how后面：
1）He does not know many businessmen．
He has never been in many places．
2）He knows so many people．
3）You have made too many mistakes．
4）You can buy as many books as you like．
5）How many stars can you see？
还可用在6）问句，7）whether或if引出从句中：
6）Has he many rdlatives？
Does he meet many people？
7）I doubt（wonder）whether he has many friends．
I doubt if he knows many people．
此外还用来8）修饰主语或9）充任主语：
8）Many students come here during the vacation．
9）Many come here during the vacation．
也可用在10）副词短语（状语）中：
10）He has done it for many years and in many ways．
在其他情况下通常要用
11）numerous，a great many，a large number of，lots of，a lot of或plenty of代替many：
11）He reads a lot of books，a whole lot of（more emphatic） newspapers．
He has a great many dogs ond a good many cats．
John knows plenty of people and any number of VIPs．
不过在书面语中，12）many可以自由使用：
12）He reads many books．（书面语）
John knows many people．（书面语）
注：much的使用方法与many相近，只是意义不同。
490 Many可用作限制形容词，表示“许多”：
He has made five mistakes in as many（=five）sentences．
She has waited for him three days．They seem to be as many （＝three）years．
There are as many minds as there are men．
The children on that tree are like so many（=like the same number of）monkeys．
He considered his enemies as so many friends．
He is always telling you so many（=such and such a number of）sons of his spend so many dollars a year．
You must remember so many gallons of water should be used with so many pounds of sugar．
A great many（=Very many）families in this city come from the north．
He has waited many a day（=many days）．（书面语）
Many and many a child was（＝Many，many children were） killed during the war．
也可用作补语：
His friends are not many．（这样用时较少）
They are too many to enumerate．
John is one too many（=not needed）．
He is one too many（=or much）for（=stronger，cleverer than）me．
用作代词或名词：
He bought apples yesterday and found so many rotten．
Oranges are sold at so many（＝a certain number）for a dollar．
We have two forks too many．
You have given me three too many．
We shall need as many again（＝as many more，twice as many）．
Should the many（=the multitude，the masses）work for the few？
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Few可用作限制形容词，表示“很少”：
He has very few（＝not many，a small number of）friends．
Few，if any（=almost no），students passed．
There are few or no honest men．
Are there many people in this village？No，there are few（＝or but[a]few，only few，precious few）（people）．
Are there any people？Yes，there are a few（people）．
也可用作补语：
His friends are very few．（这样用时很少）
These opportunities are few and far between（＝very rare）．
These trees were few and far between．
还可用作代词或名词：
Many students took the exam，but few passed．
Few or none of them are willing to help anyone．
This author has few readers，but is satisfied with the few（= these few readers）．
The judgement of the few（=the minority）is not always wrong．
Only the fortunate few（people）can visit this restaurant．
Few of these paintings are worth more than ten dollars．
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6#
发表于 2009-10-1 14:25 | 只看该作者
A few可用作限制形容词，表示“几个”，“少数”：
Are there any streets in this village？No，there are none（=no streets），but there are a few paths．
Are there any streets in that village？Yes，there are a few（or some few）streets，but there are very few good ones．
A good few（＝or Quite a few，Not a few，No few）adventurers died in adventure．（=A fair number of adventurers…）
“I like to read those few books．”“Which few books？”
“My father's few novels．”
There are only a few gangsters in this city，but the few gangsters have caused plenty of trouble．
The guns roared every few（=every several）minutes．
[英语学习] 最高级形容词
454 在3个或更多人或东西中，某种品质的最高程度通常都以最高级表示，可用在名词前面作为限制性形容词，或用在其他位置，作为非限制性形容词。
1．限制性用法
455 在最高级用在名词前面时，通常前面要加the：
The highest mountain is in China．
He has the prettiest house in this village．
The móst（重读）exquisite watch comes from Switzerland．
The móst（重读）intelligent student in this class comes from the countryside．
456 如果前面不加the，most有特殊意思，变作修饰名词的形容词，表示“次数”，而不是像上面例句中那样作修饰形容词的副词，表示“最”：
Móst exquisite watches（复数）come from Swetzerland．
Móst intelligent students in this class come from the countryside．
457 如果前面加a，most表示“非常”，“极端”，“特别”等意思。这种表示极大程度，而不进行“比较”的最高级，称为绝对最高级（Absolute Superlative），和它相对，表示最高程度并进行“比较”的称为相对最高级（Relative Superlative）：
He is a most intélligent student．
He has a most éxquisite watch．
It is a most kínd（不用kindest）offer．
He leads a most háppy（不用happiest）life．
458 如果前面不加a，后面跟有一个复数名词或不可数名词，most（不重读）仍然表示“非常”：
They are most intélligent students．
He has most exquisite watches．
He eats most nutritious food．
Most difficult work has been assigned to me．
459 在复数名词及不可数名词前，-est也和most一样，可表示“非常”，“极为”这类意思：
It has existed since éarliest（＝very early）（重读并拉长）days．（复数可数名词）
Hr received my gift with wármest thanks．
He is a man of gréatest ability（不可数名词）．
I owe you déepest gratitude．
There was clósest intimacy between them．
460 甚至在加the时，最高级有时也可表示“非常”，“极为”这类意思：
He spoke to me in the kindest（=very kind）terms．
He has the wórst（=extremely bad）opinion about me．
He made the rúdest remark before her．
461 在指示性形容词后，最高级也可以是绝对的（即表示“非常”，“极为”等意思）：
His déarest son is always at hand．
Every smállest trouble will give her a big headache．
Some lárgest streets are being built．
No fáintest hope is in sight．
462 用在名词前面，具有限制作用的相对最高级，不仅前面要加the，而且常常跟有一个表示比较的范围的东西，它可以是单词1），短语2），从句3）或是一个省略的成分4）（这时比较的范围很明显）。跟有这类东西的最高级前必须加the：
1）It is the best book imaginable（or available，conceivable，possible，known）．（形容
词）（这时也可放在最高级及名词之间，如best imaginable book．）
He is the most vicious villain alive（or living）．
2）It's the largest river in the world．（介词短语）
I spoke to the oldest member among us（or of all）．
That is the best game at the tea party．
I like to read Dickens，the greatest English novelist in the 19th century．
It may be the largest bridge ever built by man．（分词）
It is the largest bridge ever crossing the river．
John will be our youngest son to be taken to Paris．（不定式）
Shakespeare will be the most interesting subject for students to study．
3）I am driving the best car that I can get（or that man canmake）．（从句）
He is the most honest man I ever know（or you have ever seen，the earth ever produced，there is）．
He is one of the greatest poets that have ever been born．
He is the only one of the greatest poets，that has written on this subject．
4）This is the best dictionary（that I know）．（表示相比范围的部分省略掉）
Where is the nearest post office（from here）？
This largest street（in this city）was built years ago．
Let me tell you the happiest news（that we can get）．
463 最高级后面的名词（主体词）有时可省略，这时最高级前的the必须保留。
He read the book from the first page to the last（page）．
The eldest son is twenty，and the youngest（son）is ten．
464 后面跟有of引出的短语中包含有同一名词时，前面名词必须省略：
He is the best（member）of all members．
在用“最高级+but one”时，后面的名词必须省略，以避免重复：
He is the best student but one（student）．（=He is the second best student．）
465 在“the+最高级+of+复数名词”这种结构中，最高级可以是绝对的，也可以是相对的：
She is the wisest（woman）of women（=an extremely wise woman）．（绝对）
She is the wisest（woman）of the women（=a woman wiser than the others）．（相对）
He lives in the quietest（place）of places（=an extremely quiet place）．（绝对）
He lives in the quietest（place）of the places（=a place quieter than the others）．（相对）
He usually eats at the Diamond，the most popular of restaurants，the largest of any restaurant．
It is the dirtiest of money．
He writes the most beautiful of poetry，the most original of novels．
He wishes me the best of health．
He is in the best of company．
I did it with the greatest of care．
466 在上面这类结构中，间或在of后重复前面形容词（用原级），表示强调：
He wrote her the tenderest of tender letters．
This is the strangest of strange cities．
He is the poorest of the poor，the most humble of the humble．He is the mightiest of the mighty，the wickedest of the wicked．
467 这类“of＋the+最高级”结构也可用作补语，表示“非常”，“极
为”等意思：
His dress is of the（very poor）．（绝对）
The street is of the（=extremely narrow）．
His reign is of the most powerful．
The wound is of the slightest．
468 最高级后的people常可省略，表示某类的人：
The most fortunate（people）never care about the most unfortunate（people）．
The strongest oppress the weakest．
The highest and the lowest have all been invited．
469 在个别词组中最高级的主体词常常省略：
We sell only the best（goods）．
The worst（luck）always comes to the poorest．
470 如果主体词为可数名词，也可用one或ones代替：
He keeps the largest fishes and throw away the smallest ones．All his children go to school except the smallest one（=child）．
471 相对最高级形容词常可和介词构成一个短语，不仅主体词不出现，连the有时也不出现：
At first，he did not believe me，but at last he regretted．
He has at least a million dollars，but spends at most twenty dollars a day．
He is at（the）worst a minister，but at best a secondrate father．
I told him to return next Sunday at（the）latest，but he said he would return next month at（the）earliest．
472 最高级有时表示某人或某物处于“最……”状态，这时可说是一种自我比较。常见的这类用法是“及物动词+物主代词+最高级+（被省略的宾语）+副词短语（从句）”：
She sang her sweetest（song）last night．（=She sang better last night than she sang at any other time．）
She smiled her pleasantest when she heard the good news．
The noise reached its loudest（now）．（如果意思明显，副词或副词短语也可省略。）
The wind blew its fiercest（gale）in the eastern provinces．（＝ The wind blew more fiercely in the eastern provinces than it blew in any other place．）
I studied the hardest while I was at my country house．
Suddenly questioned，I stared my（very）hardest．
Having heard my remark，she laughed her heartiest．
注：在这种句子中很少用most构成最高级。
473 这种自我比较也常见于“系动词+at+物主代词+最高级+副词短语或从句”这类句子中：
She is at her most sorrowful today．
He is at his（very）happiest when he sees her．
John was at his most enthusiastic when he was praised．This artist is at his worst at the party．
Shakespeare is at his greatest in Hamlet．
如果意思明显，状语可以省略：
The hurricane is at its（or the）fiercest．
除了系动词，偶尔还可和其他动词一起用：
The moon shone at its brightest．
474 在这类结构中，主体词有时也可出现：
My fortunes are at their lowest ebb．
The village is now at its（or the） prettiest moment．
The party was at its height．（有最高级意义的名词）
The tide is at its full．
His career was then at its aper（or climax）．
I saw Mary at her gayest．
At
his most angry，John will curse．
2．非限制性用法
475 除了用在名词前面，最高级还可用在其他位置。如果前面有the，则是相对最高级，否则就是相对最高级或绝对最高级：
John is the most intelligent（one）．（=John is more intelligent than the others．）（相对）
John is most intelligent．（=John is more intelligent than the others，or，John is very intelligent．）（相对或绝对）You are most kind．（绝对）
Russian is（the）most difficult．
John is（the）happiest．
This method seems（the）easiest and simplest．
First impressions are（the）deepest．
I find John（the）most intelligent．
Mary left John（the）happiest．
I tried to make the method（the）easiest and simplest．（The）Most intelligent，John passed the examination with honours．
（The）Easiest and simplest，this method will help increase the production of food．
476 最高级若跟有表示比较范围的成分，前面必须加the：
This method seems the easiest in this area．
This river is the largest of all．
This girl was the most beautiful in her colleg days．This is the best I can do．
My wife is the most stubborn that a husband has ever handled．
477 非限制性最高级也可用于自我比较：
She looked prettiest that evening（=prettier that evening than herself at any other time）．
（但：She looked the prettiest that evening=She looked prettier than any other girl that evening．）
Oysters are fattest in winter．
The sun is most beautiful at dawn．
The pagoda looks most impressive against the sun．
The river is deepest here．
间或也需加the，以避免把most理解为“非常”：
This player is the most successful in the tragedy．I was the most proud when she agreed to marry me．
3．结束语
478 最高程度可有几种表示方法。下面5个句子意思几乎相同：
John is the most intelligent of（or among）all the students．
John is more intelligent than all the other students，（He's one of them．）
John is more intelligent than all the students．（He's not one of them．）
No（other）student is so intelligent as John．
John is as intelligent as any student．
注：more intelligent这样的比较级和as（so）intelligent这样的原级也可用来表示最高程度。
479 下面四句话意思基本上相同：
Richard is one of the best students．
Richard is among（or one of）the best students．
Richard and Mary are among（不是one of）the best students．（among这个词可用在复数主语后面，one of却不能。）
Richard is better than most students．
Very few students are so good as Richard．
480 下面句子意思都一样：
This is the longest river but one in this country．
This is the second longest river in this country．
This is the next longest river in this country．
This is the next to the longest river in this country．
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2#
发表于 2009-10-1 14:24 | 只看该作者
在下面句子中最高级都是相对的：
1）He loves her the most tenderly．
John did it the most skillfully．
She sang the most beautifully．
2）John ran the fastest and reached the goal the soonest．
John was born the first．
She shouted the loudest，so I hated her the most．He did it the quickest，so I liked him the best．I like it the least．
Respect everybody—most of all your parents．
Do not cheat anybody—least of all your parents．I never smoke—least of all before women．
在上面句子中the可以省略。如果那样，第一类句子中的带most的最高级可以是相对的，也可以是绝对的。
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3#
发表于 2009-10-1 14:24 | 只看该作者
量词（Quantitatives）和不可数名词一起用，如much（milk），little（courage）；数词（Numericals）和可数名词一起用，如many（houses），five（students）。在more water和lots of danger中，more和lots of分别为量词，而在more people和lots of people中，more和lots of都是数词。量词、数词可以是一个词，如much，most，numerous，也可以是一组词，如a great many，a lot of，a great number of，five bags of，ten pounds of，这类词组大多数以of结尾，可以用作形容词，把of省略掉时可用作名词。
483 量词和数词都可以用作1）限制形容词，2）作补语用形容词，3）代词，4）名词，量词甚至还可用作5）副词：
1）He has many friends．（在名词前作限制形容词）
Does he drink much water every day？
2）His friends are many．（在系动词后作补语形容词）
I find his demand too much for her．（在宾补动词后作宾语补语形容词）
3）I know few people，but he knows many．（代词many=形容词many+被省略的名词people）
The work has been started，and much has been done．（代词much=形容词much+被省略的名词work）
4）Many read for pleasure．（名词many不代表前面提的任何词，而仅仅指人。只有数词可以这样用。）
Few are free from faults．
Much can be done．（名词much不代表前面提的任何词，只能指读者很容易猜到的东西。只有量词可以这样用。）
I know little of life．
5）You shoul
d sleep more．（副词，修饰动词）
It is more difficult．（修饰形容词）
He works less diligently than you．（修饰另一副词）
He is more in love with her than he seems．（修饰介词短语）（只有量词可用作副词，数词不能。）
484 当量词和数词用作代词和名词时，它们仍具有形容词的特点，前面可以有一个副词（多为程度副词）修饰它们：
Very few can understand this poem．
Not much has been said．
He is not satisfied with so little．
Only three have come．
I say as much．
He knows but little．
He wants much more．
I want a little less．
John can supply us with a great deal more．
485 Few（或some，many，several，most）of the cities和few（或some等）cities是不同的。前者表示整个数目中的一部分，而后者没有这种意义。同样，little（或much，some，most）ofthe rice和little（或much等）rice也是不同的。前者表示整个数量中的一部分。不过little of danger，more of courage，the least of work和little danger，more courage，the least work却有相同意思。抽象概念无法分成若干部分，加上of只是出于音韵上的考虑。
486 “be+量词+of”可表示各种程度的肯定与否定：
He is much of a scholar．（=He is quite a scholar．）
He is little（or nothing）of a doctor．（＝He is hardly or not a doctor．）
John was a little of a liar．（=John was rather a liar．）
John was more of a businessman than a painter．（=He was rather a businessman than a painter．）
It is less of a school than a prison．（=It is rather a prison than a school．）
It is not so much a school as a prison．（意思与上句相同）
It is not enough of a good machine．
It is too much of a good thing．
（比较：You cannot have too much of a good thing．）
487 “see+量词+of”表示看见某人的频率：
I saw much of him．（＝I often saw him．）
I saw little of him．（=I seldom saw him．）
I have seen much less of him this year．
Did you see a great deal of him？
I saw quite a lot of Mary．
I saw nothing of him．
I have seen enough of her．
This was the last I saw of him．
I have come to see the last of you．
It was the first I ever saw of Mary．
488 数词可以表示不定数目，如many，few，a large number of；也可表示固定数目，如seven，ten thousand and one，two thirds．量词基本上表示不定数量，如much，a large quantity of a great deal of。它们若含有数词，也可表示固定数量，如five pounds of，six boxes of，two spoonfuls of．下面我们将首先讨论不定数词和量词，然后讨论固定数词与量词。
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4#
发表于 2009-10-1 14:24 | 只看该作者
Many（＝a large number of）最常用在1）否定词，2）so，3）too，4）as和5）how后面：
1）He does not know many businessmen．
He has never been in many places．
2）He knows so many people．
3）You have made too many mistakes．
4）You can buy as many books as you like．
5）How many stars can you see？
还可用在6）问句，7）whether或if引出从句中：
6）Has he many rdlatives？
Does he meet many people？
7）I doubt（wonder）whether he has many friends．
I doubt if he knows many people．
此外还用来8）修饰主语或9）充任主语：
8）Many students come here during the vacation．
9）Many come here during the vacation．
也可用在10）副词短语（状语）中：
10）He has done it for many years and in many ways．
在其他情况下通常要用
11）numerous，a great many，a large number of，lots of，a lot of或plenty of代替many：
11）He reads a lot of books，a whole lot of（more emphatic） newspapers．
He has a great many dogs ond a good many cats．
John knows plenty of people and any number of VIPs．
不过在书面语中，12）many可以自由使用：
12）He reads many books．（书面语）
John knows many people．（书面语）
注：much的使用方法与many相近，只是意义不同。
490 Many可用作限制形容词，表示“许多”：
He has made five mistakes in as many（=five）sentences．
She has waited for him three days．They seem to be as many （＝three）years．
There are as many minds as there are men．
The children on that tree are like so many（=like the same number of）monkeys．
He considered his enemies as so many friends．
He is always telling you so many（=such and such a number of）sons of his spend so many dollars a year．
You must remember so many gallons of water should be used with so many pounds of sugar．
A great many（=Very many）families in this city come from the north．
He has waited many a day（=many days）．（书面语）
Many and many a child was（＝Many，many children were） killed during the war．
也可用作补语：
His friends are not many．（这样用时较少）
They are too many to enumerate．
John is one too many（=not needed）．
He is one too many（=or much）for（=stronger，cleverer than）me．
用作代词或名词：
He bought apples yesterday and found so many rotten．
Oranges are sold at so many（＝a certain number）for a dollar．
We have two forks too many．
You have given me three too many．
We shall need as many again（＝as many more，twice as many）．
Should the many（=the multitude，the masses）work for the few？
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5#
发表于 2009-10-1 14:24 | 只看该作者
Few可用作限制形容词，表示“很少”：
He has very few（＝not many，a small number of）friends．
Few，if any（=almost no），students passed．
There are few or no honest men．
Are there many people in this village？No，there are few（＝or but[a]few，only few，precious few）（people）．
Are there any people？Yes，there are a few（people）．
也可用作补语：
His friends are very few．（这样用时很少）
These opportunities are few and far between（＝very rare）．
These trees were few and far between．
还可用作代词或名词：
Many students took the exam，but few passed．
Few or none of them are willing to help anyone．
This author has few readers，but is satisfied with the few（= these few readers）．
The judgement of the few（=the minority）is not always wrong．
Only the fortunate few（people）can visit this restaurant．
Few of these paintings are worth more than ten dollars．
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6#
发表于 2009-10-1 14:25 | 只看该作者
A few可用作限制形容词，表示“几个”，“少数”：
Are there any streets in this village？No，there are none（=no streets），but there are a few paths．
Are there any streets in that village？Yes，there are a few（or some few）streets，but there are very few good ones．
A good few（＝or Quite a few，Not a few，No few）adventurers died in adventure．（=A fair number of adventurers…）
“I like to read those few books．”“Which few books？”
“My father's few novels．”
There are only a few gangsters in this city，but the few gangsters have caused plenty of trouble．
The guns roared every few（=every several）minutes．