一 、英语单句句型结构:
陈述句主体结构(主+系/谓+表/宾)基本上与汉语句子相同,不同的是修饰成分(定、状、补)与汉语在某些方面不同。
1. S + be动词 + P
(主语 + be动词 +表语)
B. S + V + O
(主语+实意动词+宾语)
二、动词的类型:
1、be动词 2、实意动词 3、情态动词
4、助动词
【提示】在英语单句句子中,句子的谓语构成:1、be动词 独立作谓语。
2、实意动词 独立作谓语。
3、情态动词+实意动词 作谓语。
4、助动词+实意动词 作谓语
※注意: 情态动词 和 助动词不能独立作谓语,只能和实意动词搭配一起作谓语。
三、英语句子的句型变化,就是把肯定句陈述句变为否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句。
1、否定句句型结构:
S主语 + be-not + P 表语
S主语 + 助/情-not- V实 + O宾。
2、一般疑问句句型结构:
Be + S主语 + 其它 ?
助/情 + S主语 + 其它 ?
一般疑问句的回答:
肯定回答:Yes , S主语 + be/助/情.
否定回答:No, S主语 + be/助/情-not .
※肯定和否定回答的主语必须使用相应的人称代词。
例:Is this/that your book? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
主语 主语 主语
主语 aren’t.
主语 主语
3、疑问句句型结构:
疑问词 + Be + S主语 + 其它?
疑问词 + 助/情 + S主语 + 其它?
四、时态 谓语 动词
五、一般现在时态的句型变化。
(一)、当谓语是be(am, is, are)动词时,变句型时直接使用be动词。
I →am; we/you/they →are; he/she/it→is
例1: These books are on the desk .
→These books aren’t on the desk.
→Are these books on the desk .
Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
→Where are these books ?
(二)、当句子的谓语含有情态动词(can,may,must等等)时,变化句型时直接使用情态动词。
例2: The girl can answer the question .
→The girl can’t the question.
→Can the girl answer the question?
Yes, she can . No, she can’t
→What can she answer ?
例3:It may be a dog.
→It may not be a dog.
→May it be a dog ?
→What may it be ? (三)、当谓语动词是实意动词时。
1、如果是第一人称单、复数I/we; you/you; they时或者是相当于I/we; you/you; they时,谓语实意动词用变句型时要借助助动词do.
例4:I have a big apple.
→I don’t have a big apple.
→Do you have a big apple?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
→What do you have?
→Jim and Tonny don’t like to play tennis.
→Do Jim and Tonny like to play tennis?
Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
→What do Jim and Tonny do?
对谓语(或谓语和宾语一起)提问时一般用疑问词what.且谓语部分的任何实意动词在特殊疑问句中都还原成do(完成时态done).
2、如果主语是第三人称单数he/she/it或者是相当于he/she/it时,谓语实意动词要加s或es(规则参见七年级上册P98),变句型时要借助助动词does,且谓语实意动词要还原(去掉s或es)。
例6:The boy likes apples.
→The boy doesn’t like apples.
→Does the boy like apples?
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
→What does the boy like ?
注意 以下三个例句的谓语动词。
例7:We do lots of things everyday.
→We don’t do lots of things everyday.
→Do you do lots of things everyday?
Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
→What do you do lots of everyday?
(实意动词:做)
→He doesn’t do his homework at home.
→Does he do his homework at home?
→Where does he do his homework at home?
※在例7和例8两个句子中,谓语动词do和does是实意动词(意思:做),因为在一般现在时态的肯定陈述句中,一般是不会使用助动词do或does。 例9:She has eggs for lunch.
→She doesn't have eggs for lunch.
→Does she have eggs for lunch?
→What does she have eggs for lunch?
※在例9中,have; has(意思:有;吃;进行;让等等)的使用要看人称(一般现在时态中,谓语动词唯一的 特殊变化 的只有have变成has, 其它动词都是规则变化)。
注意:在变一般疑问句、特殊疑问句时,如果主语是第一人称、第二人称时,要注意主语一、二人称的相互转化。如上面的例4和例6.
六、特殊疑问句 ( 句子前半部分结构参见前面 三、3 )
1、疑问词
What(事或物) what color(颜色)
where(地点) when(时间:某天或一段时间)what time(时间:几点钟) how much(价格)
why(原因 ) how many (数量、数字)
2、对划线部分提问
①The bag is green.
________ ________ is the bag?
②The students often watch TV on Sunday. ________ do the students often watch TV? ③He usually goes to school at 7:00 everyday. _______ _______ does he usually ___ to school?
④The sweaters are 50 yuan. _______ _______ are the sweater ?
⑤My book is on the desk.
________ ________ ________ book?
⑥Your sister likes salad for dinner.
_______ _______ my sister______ for dinner.
⑦ There are five students in the room.
_________ _________ ________ are there in
the room ?
※(对名词前的修饰部分提问时,在变特殊疑问句时一般要带上名词,即疑问词后面要带上被修饰部分)。
一 、英语单句句型结构:
陈述句主体结构(主+系/谓+表/宾)基本上与汉语句子相同,不同的是修饰成分(定、状、补)与汉语在某些方面不同。
1. S + be动词 + P
(主语 + be动词 +表语)
B. S + V + O
(主语+实意动词+宾语)
二、动词的类型:
1、be动词 2、实意动词 3、情态动词
4、助动词
【提示】在英语单句句子中,句子的谓语构成:1、be动词 独立作谓语。
2、实意动词 独立作谓语。
3、情态动词+实意动词 作谓语。
4、助动词+实意动词 作谓语
※注意: 情态动词 和 助动词不能独立作谓语,只能和实意动词搭配一起作谓语。
三、英语句子的句型变化,就是把肯定句陈述句变为否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句。
1、否定句句型结构:
S主语 + be-not + P 表语
S主语 + 助/情-not- V实 + O宾。
2、一般疑问句句型结构:
Be + S主语 + 其它 ?
助/情 + S主语 + 其它 ?
一般疑问句的回答:
肯定回答:Yes , S主语 + be/助/情.
否定回答:No, S主语 + be/助/情-not .
※肯定和否定回答的主语必须使用相应的人称代词。
例:Is this/that your book? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
主语 主语 主语
主语 aren’t.
主语 主语
3、疑问句句型结构:
疑问词 + Be + S主语 + 其它?
疑问词 + 助/情 + S主语 + 其它?
四、时态 谓语 动词
五、一般现在时态的句型变化。
(一)、当谓语是be(am, is, are)动词时,变句型时直接使用be动词。
I →am; we/you/they →are; he/she/it→is
例1: These books are on the desk .
→These books aren’t on the desk.
→Are these books on the desk .
Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
→Where are these books ?
(二)、当句子的谓语含有情态动词(can,may,must等等)时,变化句型时直接使用情态动词。
例2: The girl can answer the question .
→The girl can’t the question.
→Can the girl answer the question?
Yes, she can . No, she can’t
→What can she answer ?
例3:It may be a dog.
→It may not be a dog.
→May it be a dog ?
→What may it be ? (三)、当谓语动词是实意动词时。
1、如果是第一人称单、复数I/we; you/you; they时或者是相当于I/we; you/you; they时,谓语实意动词用变句型时要借助助动词do.
例4:I have a big apple.
→I don’t have a big apple.
→Do you have a big apple?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
→What do you have?
→Jim and Tonny don’t like to play tennis.
→Do Jim and Tonny like to play tennis?
Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
→What do Jim and Tonny do?
对谓语(或谓语和宾语一起)提问时一般用疑问词what.且谓语部分的任何实意动词在特殊疑问句中都还原成do(完成时态done).
2、如果主语是第三人称单数he/she/it或者是相当于he/she/it时,谓语实意动词要加s或es(规则参见七年级上册P98),变句型时要借助助动词does,且谓语实意动词要还原(去掉s或es)。
例6:The boy likes apples.
→The boy doesn’t like apples.
→Does the boy like apples?
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
→What does the boy like ?
注意 以下三个例句的谓语动词。
例7:We do lots of things everyday.
→We don’t do lots of things everyday.
→Do you do lots of things everyday?
Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
→What do you do lots of everyday?
(实意动词:做)
→He doesn’t do his homework at home.
→Does he do his homework at home?
→Where does he do his homework at home?
※在例7和例8两个句子中,谓语动词do和does是实意动词(意思:做),因为在一般现在时态的肯定陈述句中,一般是不会使用助动词do或does。 例9:She has eggs for lunch.
→She doesn't have eggs for lunch.
→Does she have eggs for lunch?
→What does she have eggs for lunch?
※在例9中,have; has(意思:有;吃;进行;让等等)的使用要看人称(一般现在时态中,谓语动词唯一的 特殊变化 的只有have变成has, 其它动词都是规则变化)。
注意:在变一般疑问句、特殊疑问句时,如果主语是第一人称、第二人称时,要注意主语一、二人称的相互转化。如上面的例4和例6.
六、特殊疑问句 ( 句子前半部分结构参见前面 三、3 )
1、疑问词
What(事或物) what color(颜色)
where(地点) when(时间:某天或一段时间)what time(时间:几点钟) how much(价格)
why(原因 ) how many (数量、数字)
2、对划线部分提问
①The bag is green.
________ ________ is the bag?
②The students often watch TV on Sunday. ________ do the students often watch TV? ③He usually goes to school at 7:00 everyday. _______ _______ does he usually ___ to school?
④The sweaters are 50 yuan. _______ _______ are the sweater ?
⑤My book is on the desk.
________ ________ ________ book?
⑥Your sister likes salad for dinner.
_______ _______ my sister______ for dinner.
⑦ There are five students in the room.
_________ _________ ________ are there in
the room ?
※(对名词前的修饰部分提问时,在变特殊疑问句时一般要带上名词,即疑问词后面要带上被修饰部分)。