2004年第3期・33・
A型、AN型腿式支座地脚螺栓中心圆直径的计算
李涛
(大连冰山集团金州重型机器有限公司,大连116100)
摘要关键词
推导出A型、AN型腿式支座地脚螺栓中心圆直径的普遍计算公式,运用标准JB/T4713-92“腿式支座”所给的经验公式来验证
普遍公式的正确性,解决了非标A型、AN型腿式支座地脚螺栓中心圆直径的计算问题。
A型
AN型腿式支座
地脚螺栓中心圆直径普遍计算公式经验公式
1提出问题
的立式容器,且符合下列条件:
(1)公称直径DN400～1600mm。
(2)圆筒长度L与公称直径DN之比L/DN
在压力容器的设计制造中,经常会用到腿式支
座(简称为支腿)。支腿分为A型、AN型、B型、BN型。我们这里探讨的是A型、AN型支腿,它们均采用角钢作支柱,不同的是:A型支腿带垫板,AN型支腿不带垫板。国家颁布了相应的行业标准JB/T4713-92“腿式支座”,适用于安装在刚性基础上
表1
支座号
1234567
凡是符合标准的,我们根据公称直径选择相应
的A型、AN型支腿,地脚螺栓中心圆直径根据标准所给的经验公式确定即可,见表1。
公称直径
DNmm[***********][***********]0015001600
垫板规格
B×B103×103120×120130×130140×140150×150165×165180×180
角钢支柱规格
b×b×d
地脚螺栓中心圆
参数D
[***********][***********]514631564
Db=D+2δ
直径Db
63×63×880×80×1090×90×10100×100×12110×110×12125×125×12140×140×12
注:不带垫板时,δ取圆筒或封头厚度二者中的较大值;带垫板时,δ取圆筒与垫板名义厚度之和。
图
2
倘若遇到非标准公称直径的支腿,比如
DN250、DN300、DN750、DN1700,因为经验公式“Db=D+2δ”中的参数D我们无从而知,如何去确定Db呢?在实际设计过程中,我们经常会碰到类似的情况,这就是本文所要解决的问题。
钢、盖板、垫板四部分,见图1。
第一步,弄清角钢支柱的形状尺寸。所采用的角
b×d,根据国家标准GB9787-88钢为等边角钢b×
中规定,等边角钢的形状尺寸见图2。
2推导公式
第二步,弄清实际安装位置。圆筒、垫板、角钢三者相焊,角钢支柱与垫板的接触点见图3中的M
b×d为等点、N点。底板B×B为正方形,角钢b×
下面我们就以A型支腿为例,推导地脚螺栓中
心圆直径的普遍计算公式。A型支腿包括底板、角
边角钢,且B=b+40,显然H点、E点、I点、J点、K
・34・化工设备与管道第40卷
点在同一条直线上,底板的中心与角钢的中心重合,即为E点。已知底板中心到地脚螺栓孔中心线的距离EF=20mm,只要求出底板中心到设备中心线的距离EO,便可求出Rb=EO-EF,得出Db=2Rb。
GO=O-MG=
22
Ri+δ)-2
2
2
在直角三角形QWU中,MW=QW-QM=
r-r=
2
3
d-
3
。
2d-(
EG=PM=PW-MW==6d
3
d-
3
)
所以:
Db=2Rb=2FO=2×(EG+GO-EF)
图1
=2
Ri+δ)-d-40+
23
2
2
(1)
其中Ri—圆筒内半径;
δ—圆筒厚度与垫板厚度之和;
b—等边角钢边长;d—等边角钢厚度。
图3
公式(1)便是A型支腿地脚螺栓中心圆直径的普遍计算公式,它也适用于不带垫板的AN型支腿,此时,δ取圆筒或封头厚度二者中的较大值。
在直角三角形MGO中,MO=Ri+δ;Ri—圆筒内半径;δ—圆筒厚度与垫板厚度之和,而MG=PE=
IE-IP=
2
b-
3检验公式
2
d,利用勾股定理得:
表2
为检验普遍计算公式(1)是否正确,我们不妨运
用标准所给的经验公式“Db=D+2δ”来验证。
假设选用A型支腿,圆筒厚度、垫板厚度均为10
DNmmDb(经验公式)mmDb(普遍公式)mm
400402
500503
600603
700705
800804
900904
[***********][***********][***********]04
mm,即δ=10+10=20mm。先用经验公式来计算地
脚螺栓中心圆直径Db和用普遍公式(1)计算Db于表
2中。
汇总以上计算结果(见表2),可以看出:两种方法的计算结果是完全一样的,进一步验证了普遍计算公式(1)的正确性。
的参数D。
比如:当DN=1600mm时,由表1知:Ri=800
mm,b=140mm,d=12mm,所以:
D=2
-12-40+×
23
2
2
=1564mm。与表1中所给的参数D一致。
4经验公式由来
5总结
经验公式“Db=D+2δ”是如何确定的呢?我们
不难理解:Db=D+2δ|δ=0,令参数D=Db|δ=0=
i-2
2
2
+
3
d-40(2)
利用普遍公式(1),我们可以简便快捷地计算出任意A型、AN型支腿地脚螺栓中心圆直径,
为以后
设计非标A型、AN型支腿铺平了道路,简化了路径;同时我们也弄清了经验公式的来龙去脉,从而对现行标准有了更深的了解和更灵活的运用。
则:Db=D+2δ。运用公式(2)便可求出表1中所给
Vo1.41No.3
Abstract&KeyWord
DevelopmentofTechnicalRegulationsandStandards
ConcerningCarriageofDangerousGoodsand
TransportablePressureVessels
ChenDengFeng
Abstract:Thecarriageofdangerousgoodscannotbedonewithoutthetransportablepressurevessels.Inordertokeepalook2outforpotentialrisksoflossofpropertyandlifeaswellastopre2venttheenvironmentfromimpactingcausedbythecarriageofdangerousgoods,thereshallbestrictregulationstocontrolthecarriage,especiallytheinternationalcarriageofthem,andthetransportablepressurevessels.ThispaperdescribedfirstlytheUNModelRegulationsandthevariousinternationalregulationsoncar2riageofdangerousgoodsundertheguidanceofit.Andthenthepaperdescribedthetwocurrentworldwideregulationsystemsinthefieldofcarriageofdangerousgoods:theUNENE-ENSystemandthe49CFR-DOT-ASMECODEXIISystem.ThetwosystemsareharmoniouswiththeUNModelRegulations.Finally,theau2thorputforwardrecommendationsandpropositionsonimprovementoftheChina’sregulationsconcerningthecarriageofdangerousgoodsandthetransportablepressurevesselsafterjoiningWTO.
Keywords:carriageofdangerousgoods,transportablepressurevessel,regulation,standard,recommendation
AnAnalysisaboutFabricatingCostofNon-StandardEquipment
LiuZhiwei
SchoolofPetrochemicalEngineering,LiaoningUniversity
ofPetroleum&ChemicalTechnology
Fushun113001BaiMing
SchoolofEconomics&Management,LiaoningUniversity
ofPetroleum&ChemicalTechnology
Fushun113001
Abstract:Inthispaper,thecalculationmethodandthecom2positionoffabricatingcostofnon-standardequipmentwereintro2duced.Takingthevessels,columnsandheatexchangersasexam2ples,themaineffectfactorsofthecostandtheinfluenceofthesefactorsonthechangetendencyofthecostwereanalyzedindetail.Itprovidedthepersonnelengagedindesign,manufactureandcon2structionmanagementofthenon-standardequipmentwitharef2erenceinformationoncontrollingthefabricatingcostoftheequip2ment.
Keywords:non-standardequipment,compositionofcost,fabricatingcost,constructionproject,economicanalysis
StressAnalysisandDesignfor1000m3OxygenSphericalTankLiYong-tai,GuYong-gan,WuXiao-hong,HuangJin-guo
HefeiGeneralMachineryResearchInstitute
NationalEngineeringandTechnologyResearchCenterof
SafetyforPressureVesselandPiping
Hefei230031JiangLiu-xin
ZhenjiangBoilerandPressureVesselInspection
andResearchInstituteZhenjiang212003
Abstract:Thispaperpresentedthestressanalysisandthede2signforthe1000m3sphericaltank.Thestressesintheshelloftankandinthestructuresofopeningsatthetopandbottomcrownoftankundertheseveralconditionsincludingpressure-testing,op2erating,seismicandpressurecirclefatiguewereanalyzedbymeansofthefiniteelementanalysis.Thestressstrengthandfatiguelifeofthetankwereevaluatedandchecked.
Keywords:sphericaltank,highpressure,lightsubstance,fi2niteelement,stressanalysis,fatigue,seism,opening
ModificationDesignofInternalPartsinAmmoniaCondensing
・3・
&SeparatingTower
ZhangXinmin,ChenBin,PengAijun,PengWeiqi
HunanJinxinChenicalCo.,ltd.
Lengshuijiang417506
Abstract:Aftermodifyingtheinternalpartsintheammoniacondensing&separatingtower,manyproblemspreviouslyexistinginthisequipmentsuchasthebadresultofseparation,theinconve2nienceofoperation,themixingofthegasesandnotgoodeffectofheatexchangingweresolved.Thesatisfyingresultswereachievedthroughthemodification.
Keywords:ammoniacondensing&separatingtower,internalparts,structure,design
AnalysisonFactorsInfluencingAutomaticIgnitionofTorch
LiChangling
PetrochemicalCompanyofShengliOilfield
Dongying257000
Abstract:Inthispaper,thecomponentpartsoftorchauto2maticignitionsystemandtheprincipleofrealizingautomaticigni2tionwereintroduced.Thevariousfactorsinfluencingautomaticig2nitionofthetorchwereanalyzed.Thecorrespondingmeasuresofensuringrealizationofthetorchignitionautomationwereputfor2ward.
Keywords:torch,automaticignitionsystem,influencingfac2tor.
ApplicationofRefluxRatioRegulatorMadebyOneself
inDistillationandRecoveryUnit
HuXiongZheng
TaizhouNanfengPharmaceuticalCo.,Ltd
Taizhou317300
ModificationofAshWaterTreatmentSystemin300
Kt/aSyntheticAmmoniaPlantQinJingnuo,TongFuwei
DalianDesignandResearchInstitute,DahuaGroup
Dalian116031
Abstract:Themodificationforthetreatmentsystemofashwatercontainingcarbonblack,residualoil,acidgaswasintroducedinthispaper.
Keywords:syntheticammonia,ash-watertreatmentsystem,modification,environmentalprotection
AnalysisonFoulinginLyeCoolerandAnti-foulingMeasures
ChaoZhigang,ShengZhaoquan,LiChengboHenanZhongyuanChemicalFertilizerPlant
Puyang457004
Abstract:Thecausesoffoulinginthelyecoolerwereanalyzed.Theanti-foulingmeasureswererecommendedandimprovementschemeswerealsoputforwardinthispaper.
Keyword:lyecooler;fouling,anti-foulingmeasure
CalculationofAnchorBoltCircleDiameterforTypeAand
TypeANSupportLegs
LiTao
JinzhouHeavyMachineryCo.,Ltd.,DalianBingshanGroup
Dalian116100
Abstract:TheusualcalculationformulaofanchorboltcirclediameterforthetypeAandtypeANsupportlegswasderivedinthispaper.Itwasprovedbytheexperientialformulagiveninthestan2dardJB/T4713-92"SupportLegs".Thusthequestionaboutthecalculationofanchorboltcirclediameterforthenon-standardtypeAandtypeANsupportlegswassettled.
Keywords:typeAandtypeANsupportleg,anchorboltcirclediameter,usualcalculationformula,experientialformula
DesignandConstructionofFoundationsforSteelOilStorage
TanksinPetroleumandchemicalIndustry
LiMaoxing
2004年第3期・33・
A型、AN型腿式支座地脚螺栓中心圆直径的计算
李涛
(大连冰山集团金州重型机器有限公司,大连116100)
摘要关键词
推导出A型、AN型腿式支座地脚螺栓中心圆直径的普遍计算公式,运用标准JB/T4713-92“腿式支座”所给的经验公式来验证
普遍公式的正确性,解决了非标A型、AN型腿式支座地脚螺栓中心圆直径的计算问题。
A型
AN型腿式支座
地脚螺栓中心圆直径普遍计算公式经验公式
1提出问题
的立式容器,且符合下列条件:
(1)公称直径DN400～1600mm。
(2)圆筒长度L与公称直径DN之比L/DN
在压力容器的设计制造中,经常会用到腿式支
座(简称为支腿)。支腿分为A型、AN型、B型、BN型。我们这里探讨的是A型、AN型支腿,它们均采用角钢作支柱,不同的是:A型支腿带垫板,AN型支腿不带垫板。国家颁布了相应的行业标准JB/T4713-92“腿式支座”,适用于安装在刚性基础上
表1
支座号
1234567
凡是符合标准的,我们根据公称直径选择相应
的A型、AN型支腿,地脚螺栓中心圆直径根据标准所给的经验公式确定即可,见表1。
公称直径
DNmm[***********][***********]0015001600
垫板规格
B×B103×103120×120130×130140×140150×150165×165180×180
角钢支柱规格
b×b×d
地脚螺栓中心圆
参数D
[***********][***********]514631564
Db=D+2δ
直径Db
63×63×880×80×1090×90×10100×100×12110×110×12125×125×12140×140×12
注:不带垫板时,δ取圆筒或封头厚度二者中的较大值;带垫板时,δ取圆筒与垫板名义厚度之和。
图
2
倘若遇到非标准公称直径的支腿,比如
DN250、DN300、DN750、DN1700,因为经验公式“Db=D+2δ”中的参数D我们无从而知,如何去确定Db呢?在实际设计过程中,我们经常会碰到类似的情况,这就是本文所要解决的问题。
钢、盖板、垫板四部分,见图1。
第一步,弄清角钢支柱的形状尺寸。所采用的角
b×d,根据国家标准GB9787-88钢为等边角钢b×
中规定,等边角钢的形状尺寸见图2。
2推导公式
第二步,弄清实际安装位置。圆筒、垫板、角钢三者相焊,角钢支柱与垫板的接触点见图3中的M
b×d为等点、N点。底板B×B为正方形,角钢b×
下面我们就以A型支腿为例,推导地脚螺栓中
心圆直径的普遍计算公式。A型支腿包括底板、角
边角钢,且B=b+40,显然H点、E点、I点、J点、K
・34・化工设备与管道第40卷
点在同一条直线上,底板的中心与角钢的中心重合,即为E点。已知底板中心到地脚螺栓孔中心线的距离EF=20mm,只要求出底板中心到设备中心线的距离EO,便可求出Rb=EO-EF,得出Db=2Rb。
GO=O-MG=
22
Ri+δ)-2
2
2
在直角三角形QWU中,MW=QW-QM=
r-r=
2
3
d-
3
。
2d-(
EG=PM=PW-MW==6d
3
d-
3
)
所以:
Db=2Rb=2FO=2×(EG+GO-EF)
图1
=2
Ri+δ)-d-40+
23
2
2
(1)
其中Ri—圆筒内半径;
δ—圆筒厚度与垫板厚度之和;
b—等边角钢边长;d—等边角钢厚度。
图3
公式(1)便是A型支腿地脚螺栓中心圆直径的普遍计算公式,它也适用于不带垫板的AN型支腿,此时,δ取圆筒或封头厚度二者中的较大值。
在直角三角形MGO中,MO=Ri+δ;Ri—圆筒内半径;δ—圆筒厚度与垫板厚度之和,而MG=PE=
IE-IP=
2
b-
3检验公式
2
d,利用勾股定理得:
表2
为检验普遍计算公式(1)是否正确,我们不妨运
用标准所给的经验公式“Db=D+2δ”来验证。
假设选用A型支腿,圆筒厚度、垫板厚度均为10
DNmmDb(经验公式)mmDb(普遍公式)mm
400402
500503
600603
700705
800804
900904
[***********][***********][***********]04
mm,即δ=10+10=20mm。先用经验公式来计算地
脚螺栓中心圆直径Db和用普遍公式(1)计算Db于表
2中。
汇总以上计算结果(见表2),可以看出:两种方法的计算结果是完全一样的,进一步验证了普遍计算公式(1)的正确性。
的参数D。
比如:当DN=1600mm时,由表1知:Ri=800
mm,b=140mm,d=12mm,所以:
D=2
-12-40+×
23
2
2
=1564mm。与表1中所给的参数D一致。
4经验公式由来
5总结
经验公式“Db=D+2δ”是如何确定的呢?我们
不难理解:Db=D+2δ|δ=0,令参数D=Db|δ=0=
i-2
2
2
+
3
d-40(2)
利用普遍公式(1),我们可以简便快捷地计算出任意A型、AN型支腿地脚螺栓中心圆直径,
为以后
设计非标A型、AN型支腿铺平了道路,简化了路径;同时我们也弄清了经验公式的来龙去脉,从而对现行标准有了更深的了解和更灵活的运用。
则:Db=D+2δ。运用公式(2)便可求出表1中所给
Vo1.41No.3
Abstract&KeyWord
DevelopmentofTechnicalRegulationsandStandards
ConcerningCarriageofDangerousGoodsand
TransportablePressureVessels
ChenDengFeng
Abstract:Thecarriageofdangerousgoodscannotbedonewithoutthetransportablepressurevessels.Inordertokeepalook2outforpotentialrisksoflossofpropertyandlifeaswellastopre2venttheenvironmentfromimpactingcausedbythecarriageofdangerousgoods,thereshallbestrictregulationstocontrolthecarriage,especiallytheinternationalcarriageofthem,andthetransportablepressurevessels.ThispaperdescribedfirstlytheUNModelRegulationsandthevariousinternationalregulationsoncar2riageofdangerousgoodsundertheguidanceofit.Andthenthepaperdescribedthetwocurrentworldwideregulationsystemsinthefieldofcarriageofdangerousgoods:theUNENE-ENSystemandthe49CFR-DOT-ASMECODEXIISystem.ThetwosystemsareharmoniouswiththeUNModelRegulations.Finally,theau2thorputforwardrecommendationsandpropositionsonimprovementoftheChina’sregulationsconcerningthecarriageofdangerousgoodsandthetransportablepressurevesselsafterjoiningWTO.
Keywords:carriageofdangerousgoods,transportablepressurevessel,regulation,standard,recommendation
AnAnalysisaboutFabricatingCostofNon-StandardEquipment
LiuZhiwei
SchoolofPetrochemicalEngineering,LiaoningUniversity
ofPetroleum&ChemicalTechnology
Fushun113001BaiMing
SchoolofEconomics&Management,LiaoningUniversity
ofPetroleum&ChemicalTechnology
Fushun113001
Abstract:Inthispaper,thecalculationmethodandthecom2positionoffabricatingcostofnon-standardequipmentwereintro2duced.Takingthevessels,columnsandheatexchangersasexam2ples,themaineffectfactorsofthecostandtheinfluenceofthesefactorsonthechangetendencyofthecostwereanalyzedindetail.Itprovidedthepersonnelengagedindesign,manufactureandcon2structionmanagementofthenon-standardequipmentwitharef2erenceinformationoncontrollingthefabricatingcostoftheequip2ment.
Keywords:non-standardequipment,compositionofcost,fabricatingcost,constructionproject,economicanalysis
StressAnalysisandDesignfor1000m3OxygenSphericalTankLiYong-tai,GuYong-gan,WuXiao-hong,HuangJin-guo
HefeiGeneralMachineryResearchInstitute
NationalEngineeringandTechnologyResearchCenterof
SafetyforPressureVesselandPiping
Hefei230031JiangLiu-xin
ZhenjiangBoilerandPressureVesselInspection
andResearchInstituteZhenjiang212003
Abstract:Thispaperpresentedthestressanalysisandthede2signforthe1000m3sphericaltank.Thestressesintheshelloftankandinthestructuresofopeningsatthetopandbottomcrownoftankundertheseveralconditionsincludingpressure-testing,op2erating,seismicandpressurecirclefatiguewereanalyzedbymeansofthefiniteelementanalysis.Thestressstrengthandfatiguelifeofthetankwereevaluatedandchecked.
Keywords:sphericaltank,highpressure,lightsubstance,fi2niteelement,stressanalysis,fatigue,seism,opening
ModificationDesignofInternalPartsinAmmoniaCondensing
・3・
&SeparatingTower
ZhangXinmin,ChenBin,PengAijun,PengWeiqi
HunanJinxinChenicalCo.,ltd.
Lengshuijiang417506
Abstract:Aftermodifyingtheinternalpartsintheammoniacondensing&separatingtower,manyproblemspreviouslyexistinginthisequipmentsuchasthebadresultofseparation,theinconve2nienceofoperation,themixingofthegasesandnotgoodeffectofheatexchangingweresolved.Thesatisfyingresultswereachievedthroughthemodification.
Keywords:ammoniacondensing&separatingtower,internalparts,structure,design
AnalysisonFactorsInfluencingAutomaticIgnitionofTorch
LiChangling
PetrochemicalCompanyofShengliOilfield
Dongying257000
Abstract:Inthispaper,thecomponentpartsoftorchauto2maticignitionsystemandtheprincipleofrealizingautomaticigni2tionwereintroduced.Thevariousfactorsinfluencingautomaticig2nitionofthetorchwereanalyzed.Thecorrespondingmeasuresofensuringrealizationofthetorchignitionautomationwereputfor2ward.
Keywords:torch,automaticignitionsystem,influencingfac2tor.
ApplicationofRefluxRatioRegulatorMadebyOneself
inDistillationandRecoveryUnit
HuXiongZheng
TaizhouNanfengPharmaceuticalCo.,Ltd
Taizhou317300
ModificationofAshWaterTreatmentSystemin300
Kt/aSyntheticAmmoniaPlantQinJingnuo,TongFuwei
DalianDesignandResearchInstitute,DahuaGroup
Dalian116031
Abstract:Themodificationforthetreatmentsystemofashwatercontainingcarbonblack,residualoil,acidgaswasintroducedinthispaper.
Keywords:syntheticammonia,ash-watertreatmentsystem,modification,environmentalprotection
AnalysisonFoulinginLyeCoolerandAnti-foulingMeasures
ChaoZhigang,ShengZhaoquan,LiChengboHenanZhongyuanChemicalFertilizerPlant
Puyang457004
Abstract:Thecausesoffoulinginthelyecoolerwereanalyzed.Theanti-foulingmeasureswererecommendedandimprovementschemeswerealsoputforwardinthispaper.
Keyword:lyecooler;fouling,anti-foulingmeasure
CalculationofAnchorBoltCircleDiameterforTypeAand
TypeANSupportLegs
LiTao
JinzhouHeavyMachineryCo.,Ltd.,DalianBingshanGroup
Dalian116100
Abstract:TheusualcalculationformulaofanchorboltcirclediameterforthetypeAandtypeANsupportlegswasderivedinthispaper.Itwasprovedbytheexperientialformulagiveninthestan2dardJB/T4713-92"SupportLegs".Thusthequestionaboutthecalculationofanchorboltcirclediameterforthenon-standardtypeAandtypeANsupportlegswassettled.
Keywords:typeAandtypeANsupportleg,anchorboltcirclediameter,usualcalculationformula,experientialformula
DesignandConstructionofFoundationsforSteelOilStorage
TanksinPetroleumandchemicalIndustry
LiMaoxing