Unit One
Living in Harmony
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆ Working with Words and Expressions
1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following
sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
bunch 2) amazed 3) shift 4) bundle 5) drop
6) capacity 7) participating 8) style 9) commerce 10) rob
11) symbol 12) appreciated 13) displayed 14) slip 15) conquer
16) roast 17) figured
1)
2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their
meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
in rich contrast to 2) are exposed to 3) risked his life 4) rely on
5) at knife-point 6) stands out 7) runs contrary to
8) flag down 9) picks/picked up 10) took a gamble on 11) pulled away 12) pulled over
1)
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
1. Collocations
Look at the adverbs listed in the box below, and decide which adverb is needed to collocate with the verb in each sentence. Fill the correct adverb into the blank in the sentence. The same word may be used in more than one sentence. Consult a dictionary if necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) out 2) over 3) back 4) down 5) over 6) up 7) out 8) back 9) down 10) out 11) up 12) over 13) back 14) out 15) down 16) over
2. Study the different meanings of the word “than” in the following sentences. ▆ Answers for Reference:
1) Action speaks louder than words.
2) 3) 4) 5) Production here needs temperatures lower than 25 degrees Celsius. I like to keep things rather than throw them away. There is nobody here other than me.
She‟d rather leave her job than (be forced to) work for that boss.
3. Word Building
Now choose the Chinese meaning from Column B that matches each italicized word in Column A. You may consult a dictionary if necessary. ▆ Answers:
1) d. 2) k 3) n 4) j 5) a 6) g 7) f 8) b 9) o 10) m 11) p 12) e 13) c 14) h 15) i 16) l
Grammar in Context
1. The –ing form and the infinitive form of the verb
Task : Choose either the infinitive form or the –ing form of the verb in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences. ▆ Answers:
1) preparing 2) to thank
3) repairing / to be repaired 4) to get 5) studying
6) being treated 7) missing
8) to reduce 9) to leave 10) worrying
2. The –ed form and the –ing form of the verb
Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the –ed form and –ing form of the verb. Reflect on its grammatical function in each sentence.
Task ：Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, paying
attention to the use of the -ing form and the -ed form of verbs. ▆ Answers:
1) kept nodding, rather confused 2) Fallen leaves 3) surprised, hiding
4) Deeply moved 5) following 6) Being, interested
7) located 8) reading
Cloze
▆ Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given.
▆ Answers:
1) relying 2) intrigued 3) penny 4) for 5) covered 6) treated 7) amazed 8) contrary 9) generally 10) whatever 11) invited 12) attentive 13) where
Translation
▆ Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets. ▆ Answers for Reference:
1) The rumor about his divorce is just a ploy to gain publicity for his new film.
2) He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the money his parents had left him.
3) After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph. 4) In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 5) In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) The baby is the very picture of health.
7) People have realized the dangers of exposing children to violence and sex on TV. 8) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.
Theme-Related Writing
▆ Choose one of the following writing tasks and complete it after class.
1) Write an essay (of about 250 words) about a memorable experience in which you helped a stranger or were helped by him or her.
2) Write an essay (of about 150 words) about human relationships in our society. The following hints might serve as a guide:
a. The problems existing in the relationships between people in our society. b. The negative results such problems may bring about to our society. c. What can you do to help establish a harmonious society as a student?
▆Sample Essay for Task 1:
One weekend morning, while walking on a bustling street with a light heart, I was suddenly overtaken by a startling moan. Turning around, I discovered the sound was coming from a black mass in a corner. “What‟s that?” My heart pounded heavily. I went up and saw a human being, alive but in a dreadful state. He was crouching on the ground with deformed hands and legs, mumbling something. He had obviously lost the normal ability to move and work. A dirty plate was placed in front the miserable-looking man, in which there were some coins and small notes.
As my eyes were drifting away from him, his eyes caught mine suddenly. What eyes they were! Filled with misery and expectation, they were looking straight at me. He was unable to speak, but I seemed to hear his pleading voice and read his despairing mind. His look seemed to be telling me about his hard life and his longing for help. For a while, I was at a loss what to do. Should I drop some coins in the plate like some other passers-by or turn away in indifference? I recalled news reports about men pretending to be beggars, who were actually healthy and able to work. Could this be another one of those scams? But the beggar was there, groaning and living. Then something seemed to hit me hard. I drew a five-yuan note from my pocket, dropped it in his dirty plate and walked away quickly in silence.
“No good deed is too small.” Maybe we need to bear this saying in mind.
▆Sample Essay for Task 2:
We are living in a world of distrust. We live behind cold security bars; we do not talk to strangers, let alone go out of our way to help them; we live in fear of fake products. In short, fear and feelings of insecurity fill the environment we live in.
All this greatly harms our society. Growing up in such an environment, we tend to feel isolated and care only about ourselves. If things go on like this, „trust‟, „teamwork‟, and „harmony‟ will eventually become terms unheard of.
In my opinion, trusting others and being trustworthy are the two basic principles that we should follow if we want to improve human relationships. We may not be in a position to change others, but we can change the way others see us by winning their trust in us. Mutual understanding and love are the pillars that support a harmonious
society.
Unit Two
Optimism and Positive Thinking
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆ Working with Words and Expressions
3. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences
with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers: 18) positive 19) startled 20) perspective 21) harden 22) shape 23) address 24) crises 25) curse 26) incredible 27) conversely 28) issue 29) response 30) prior 31) rare
32) accomplish
4. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their
meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) get the hang of 2) have lived through 3) makes a difference 4) have no idea 5) concerned with 6) slipped over 7) ran into 8) in reverse 9) mull over
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
1. Decide whether “do ”, “make ” or “take ” is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change
the verb form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) does 2) make 3) take 4) do 5) make 6) Take 7) done 8) taken 9) making 10) took
2. In each of the following sentences you are given two confusable words or expressions in brackets.
Choose the appropriate one to fill in the blank. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) concerned 2) Concerning 3) reject 4) declined 5) unconscious 6) subconscious 7) former 8) preceding 9) raise 10) rise
3. Now match each of the English word in Column A with its Chinese equivalent in Column B. You may
consult a dictionary if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) d 2) j 3) k 4) a 5) b 6) h 7) c 8) f 9) l 10) e 11) g 12) i
GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT
Task 1: When it is used as a conjunction, “as ” can mean “when / while ”, “though / although ”, “since /
because ”, “in the way / manner that ”, etc., and it can also be used in a comparative structure. Study the following sentences and explain the meaning of “as ” in each sentence.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) in the way /manner that
2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)
though / although when since
used in a comparison though while
in the way that
Task 2: Complete the following sentences after the example by translating the Chinese into English, using
“as ” as a relative pronoun.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) as you describe / have described / described 2) as concern every one of us 3) As is well known 4) As we all can see
5) as you show / as you have shown for your teacher 6) As is reported / announced in today’s papers
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.
▆ Answers: 1) p erspective 2) d espair 3) necessity 4) p erform 5) C onversely 6) prophecy 7) w here 8) a s
9) a chieve 10) recognize 11) d ealt w ith 12) a ttitude 13) channels 14) c oncerned
Translation
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully appreciate this. / The only people who can
fully appreciate this are those who have lived through a similar experience.
2) Scientists have been hard pressed to figure out how these particles form/ are formed and interact (with one
another).
3) Those who have got the hang of Rubik’s Cube (Magic Cube) can return each face to consisting of one colour in
no time.
4) The individual success of the employees in a team environment results in success for the company. 5) The war, although successful in military terms, left the economy almost in ruins.
6) He decided to channel his energies into something useful, instead of being glued to / sitting in front of
the TV set all day long.
7) There‟s a difference between strength and courage. It takes strength to survive. It takes courage to live. 8) She was by nature a very affectionate person, always ready to give a helping hand to others.
Theme-Related Writing
Do either of the following two writing tasks. You may draw on some useful ideas and expressions from a variety of sources, such as the two texts in this unit or the Internet.
1) Having read the two passages in this unit, you may have come to a better understanding of life and the times when pessimistic and optimistic thoughts take turns to affect your behaviour. Write a letter of encouragement (of about 150 words) to one of your high school friends who failed in the college entrance examination. Tell him or her about your new understanding of the need to remain optimistic.
2) The writers of the two texts in this unit convey to us the message that we need to look at the positive side of anything that comes to us and that we need to take an optimistic and positive attitude toward life. Write an essay (of about 150 words) to share your ideas with your classmates. The following hints may be of some help:
a. What is meant by “thinking positively”?
b. What is the connection between success and optimism? c. How can we keep an optimistic and positive attitude?
▆ Sample Letter for Task 1: Dear Weihua,
I know you are still feeling upset about your results in the college entrance examination. I‟ve just read an article about how pessimistic and optimistic thoughts can affect our behaviour and I‟m now sending you a copy, hoping that it will help you step out of the shadows.
Naturally, failing the college entrance examination can be very depressing, yet if you continue to dwell on the past, you will never be able to pick yourself up and focus on what is more important for now and the future. Life is full of trials and anyone may suffer setbacks. We must take an optimistic attitude towards the things we have to deal with. Optimism and positive thinking are powerful forces. Good things do come true if we picture them often. Please do have confidence in your potential. Just work hard and prepare for another chance.
You will make it.
Yours, Janet
(152 words)
▆ Sample Essay for Task 2:
Thinking positively means allowing your mind to be filled with optimistic feelings, and always hoping for the best though still aware of the difficulties that might be involved.
The human mind is powerful; thoughts of optimism and pessimism can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Though it might seem impossible to some, positive thinking and success actually have a cause-and-result relationship. The reason is that a person with positive thinking will always broadcast goodwill and confidence and that kind of radiating attitude will take a hold on everybody.
Gradually, people‟s attitude will shift towards more trust and respect. This not only opens up more opportunities for the individual, but it also feeds back emotionally, and the cycle continues.
Though the shaping of a positive or negative personality often happens subconsciously, it is possible to
control such processes consciously. A person can try visualizing favourable situations, whether it is remembering a contest won as a child or imagining getting that job offer so long sought after. Over time circumstances will change accordingly. (169 words)
Unit Three
The Road to Success
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
Working with Words and Expressions
5. In the box below are some of the words you have learnt in this unit. Complete the following sentences with
them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
a) favourable b) discouraged c) consented d) neglect e) crept f) sufficient g) traced h) somewhat i) refresh j) worthy k) prospects l) resolved m) remarked n) undergo o) rewarded
6. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the
proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
33) pack up 34) many a
35) stays the course 36) put to the test 37) flooding in 38) came across 39) come up with 40) plunged ... into
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
1. Listed in the box below are some unit nouns. Discuss their meanings and then complete the following table
by filling in the appropriate unit noun. The same unit noun may be used for more than once. Consult a dictionary if necessary. ▆ Answers:
2. Words such as respectful , respectable and respective may cause confusion because they are similar either
in meaning or in spelling. To communicate effectively, we need to pay special attention to such confusable
words.
▆ Answers:
1) neglected
2) neglectful
3) colourful
4) coloured
5) rough
6) tough
7) worth
8) worthy
9) favourable
10) favourite
11) respectful
12) respectable
13) respective
14) considerate
15) considerable
3. Word Building
Match each of the English word in Column A with its Chinese meaning in Column B. You may consult a
dictionary if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) d. 2) i 3) l 4) a 5) k 6) o 7) p 8) b
9) m 10) n 11) e 12) c 13) f 14) g 15) h 16) j
1. Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the subordinate clauses
and connectives. Reflect on their grammatical function and then do the task that follows.
Task: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing proper connectives from the box below. ▆ Answers for reference:
1) what 2) whether 3) whose 4) whoever 5) what
6) where 7) how 8) which 9) that 10) that
2．Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to “the preposition + relative
pronoun” structure. Reflect on their uses and then do the following task.
Task: Complete the following sentences using a preposition and a relative pronoun.
▆ Answers for reference:
1） of which 2) for which 3) in which 4) in whom
5) of which 6) to which 7) for which 8) at which
Grammar in context
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each target word is given.
▆ Answers:
1) for 2) aware 3) affair 4) prospects 5) storage 6) matter 7) plunged 8) break
9) offered 10) dancing 11) cleared 12) welled 13) stick 14) sacrifices 15) published
Translation
1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) Rumour has it that his new book is based on a true story about a family in a small Tennessee town.
2) He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work on the side to bring in extra cash /
money.
3) It‟s good to be confident (about yourself), but there’s a difference between (self-)confidence and
conceit.
4) Only those who stick it out can achieve success. Those who give up halfway will never realize their
dreams.
5) A true hero possesses / has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices.
6) Anyone who picks up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down.
7) In a sense, life is like swimming; if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you (will) never learn.
8) The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training.
Theme-Related Writing
1) Write a narrative essay (of about 150 words) about your pursuit of a dream or someone‟s experiences in
making his / her dream come true.
Sample essay
Li Hui, my friend in high school, was born into a worker‟s family. She began to dream of becoming a cartoon artist from her childhood. To her disappointment, her parents strongly opposed her career choice, because the cost of her education would be too high for the poor family, and they were worried about the job opportunities for a cartoon artist. However, Li Hui would not change her mind. She worked hard to perfect her skills and searched persistently for ways to realise her dream. Just before she finished high school, the chance came: a famous art school was holding a cartoon drawing competition. The first three winners would be given a scholarship to study cartoon drawing at the school. Li Hui told herself not to let the chance slip through her fingers. She readily participated and won the second place. She is now studying there and I feel certain that her dream will come true. (156 words)
2) People may have different opinions about the key factors for success. Write a short essay (of about 150
words) and share your opinions with your classmates.
Sample essay:
In my opinion, before a person becomes successful, he or she should fully understand the basic elements of success: competence, determination and optimism.
For a person to succeed, he or she has to face great competition and excel in his or her chosen career. The person needs to demonstrate and prove his or her competence in dealing with problems. Without competence, the person can neither stand out among the crowd nor attract the attention of those who hold the keys to the doors of opportunity and advancement.
Yet ability alone cannot guarantee success. Often enough, things do not go the way we have planned and failure is unavoidable no matter how intelligent or capable we may be. In such cases one needs to remain firm and optimistic, always believing that hard work will eventually pay off. If the person gives up halfway, success
will never knock at the door. (149 words)
Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action
▇ Working with Words and Expressions
1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.
■Answers:
1) objective
2) current
3) adopt
4) exhibit
5) capture
6) integrated
7) outstanding
8) strategies
9) convince
10) striving/strive
11) diagnosed
12) side
13) spaced
14) thick
15) painful
16) eventually
17) fascinating
18) confidence
19)label
20) creations
2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers:
1) at rest
2) dropped out
3) drying out
4) drop in
5) dawned on
6) falls away
7) drowned out
8) on the sidelines
9) falling out
10) start over
11) lose faith
12) sign off
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
Fill in each blank in the following sentences with a proper preposition given in the box.
▆ Answers:
1) with
2) to
3) with
4) on
5) at
6) with
7) from
8) beyond
9) from
10) on
11) for
12）to
1. Study the use of but in different contexts and then do the task that follows. ▆ Answers for reference:
1) What can we do but sit and wait for a passing car to bring us to a city nearby?
2) He lied to the court not just once, but on several occasions.
3) “Gone with the Wind” was/is a great movie, but it was/is a little long.
4) I had/have no choice but to accept the challenge.
5) The situation looked/looks desperate, but they didn‟t/don‟t want to give up.
6） But for these interruptions, the meeting would have finished earlier.
7） Who else but John would have played a trick like that?
8） She was the best singer in China at that time. I could not but admire her.
9） The machines we bought were cheap, but they went quite well.
10）Because he had/has a sore throat he was/is unable to swallow anything but liquids.
2. Word Building
Match each of the English words in Column A with its Chinese meaning in Column B. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) j
2) k
3) g
4) h
5) i
6) b
7) n
8) l
9) f
10) c
11) m
12) d
13) a
14) e
Grammar in Context
Task 1: Fill in each blank in the following sentences with the proper form of the verb given in brackets, paying special attention to the use of the active voice and the passive voice.
▆ Answers:
1) be done away with
2) is / gets punished
3) being erected
4) Having been ignored
5) believing
6) to have sent
7) be looked up
8) speak / speaking
9) being interviewed
10) taken
Task 2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the differences in the choice of the verb voice.
▆ Answers for Reference:
1） 杰克，有你的电话。
2） 贺卡上印有“新年快乐”的字样，在下面还有一条附言。
3） 给了他们两天的时间来为会议作必要的准备。
4） 物体受热时膨胀。
5） 你的笔写起来很流畅。
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given .
■ Answers
(1) connecting
(2) advance
(3) significance
(4) backwards
(5) path
(6) well-worn
(7) true
(8) satisfied
(9) believe
(10) what
(11) settle
(12) devastating
(13) stumbled
(14) destination
(15) trapped
(16) drown
Translation
▆Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.
▇ Answers for Reference:
1) I just can‟t figure her out , she‟s a mystery to me.
2) He travelled from one village to another, dropping in on families and listening to their
complaints and problems.
3) Jim always sides with John in an argument.
4) Then it dawned on me that they were speaking Spanish.
5) They have to live with the consequences of their wrong decision.
6) His words were drowned out by loud cheers from the crowd.
7) I looked at the printed page but the words made no sense.
8) We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.
THEME-RELATED WRITING
Choose one of the following writing tasks and complete it after class.
1) Based on Text A and what you‟ve discussed in “Voicing Your Views”, write a short essay (of about 150 words) entitled “A Creative Person” in accordance with the following outline: a. A creative person I know
b. The traits that can be found in him / her
▆ Sample Essay:
My physics professor is a very creative person. His research project for his doctoral dissertation dealt with a very complicated physics problem at a time when many others thought it was impossible to solve it. But he creatively introduced a new concept and finally resolved the theoretical and experimental contradiction.
He possesses many unique traits. He is very energetic and hard-working. He chairs the Physics Department and teaches many hours a week. Meanwhile, he is in charge of the university‟s technology research. Obviously he is a quick efficient worker. My professor can be eccentric, once he shocked the whole class by saying “Good physics, everyone” instead of “Good morning, everyone”. But above all, my professor has a sincere interest and a strong passion in his research field. No wonder he is highly respected by both his colleagues and his students.
2) Some sayings in our life sound so familiar and natural to us that we take them for granted without a second thought. Do you realize that when you take them as “absolute truths”, you are locking your mind and creativity?
Write a brief comment on such a saying in about 150 words.
▇ Sample Essay:
Popular Sayings May Become “Mental Locks”
To cultivate a creative mind, one needs to chip away at one‟s “mental locks”. Some of the “mental locks” are shaped by popular sayings, which sound so familiar to us that we tend to take them for granted. Instructive as they may be, these common statements may restrict our freedom to think.
“Look before you leap!” We make this remark to caution someone to think carefully before making a decision or taking an action. It may seem sound advice, but it may also put him or her
in a passive position. He or she may just keep “looking” round and without making a “leap”. Simila rly, we may say to the same person, “Don’t let the chance slip through your fingers!” Then, the person may be motivated to act promptly, regardless of the consequences.
In either case, the personal may fall victim to popular sayings. So, if we want to come up with a new idea, we must break up the “mental locks” that close our minds.
Unit One
Living in Harmony
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆ Working with Words and Expressions
1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following
sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
bunch 2) amazed 3) shift 4) bundle 5) drop
6) capacity 7) participating 8) style 9) commerce 10) rob
11) symbol 12) appreciated 13) displayed 14) slip 15) conquer
16) roast 17) figured
1)
2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their
meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
in rich contrast to 2) are exposed to 3) risked his life 4) rely on
5) at knife-point 6) stands out 7) runs contrary to
8) flag down 9) picks/picked up 10) took a gamble on 11) pulled away 12) pulled over
1)
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
1. Collocations
Look at the adverbs listed in the box below, and decide which adverb is needed to collocate with the verb in each sentence. Fill the correct adverb into the blank in the sentence. The same word may be used in more than one sentence. Consult a dictionary if necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) out 2) over 3) back 4) down 5) over 6) up 7) out 8) back 9) down 10) out 11) up 12) over 13) back 14) out 15) down 16) over
2. Study the different meanings of the word “than” in the following sentences. ▆ Answers for Reference:
1) Action speaks louder than words.
2) 3) 4) 5) Production here needs temperatures lower than 25 degrees Celsius. I like to keep things rather than throw them away. There is nobody here other than me.
She‟d rather leave her job than (be forced to) work for that boss.
3. Word Building
Now choose the Chinese meaning from Column B that matches each italicized word in Column A. You may consult a dictionary if necessary. ▆ Answers:
1) d. 2) k 3) n 4) j 5) a 6) g 7) f 8) b 9) o 10) m 11) p 12) e 13) c 14) h 15) i 16) l
Grammar in Context
1. The –ing form and the infinitive form of the verb
Task : Choose either the infinitive form or the –ing form of the verb in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences. ▆ Answers:
1) preparing 2) to thank
3) repairing / to be repaired 4) to get 5) studying
6) being treated 7) missing
8) to reduce 9) to leave 10) worrying
2. The –ed form and the –ing form of the verb
Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the –ed form and –ing form of the verb. Reflect on its grammatical function in each sentence.
Task ：Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, paying
attention to the use of the -ing form and the -ed form of verbs. ▆ Answers:
1) kept nodding, rather confused 2) Fallen leaves 3) surprised, hiding
4) Deeply moved 5) following 6) Being, interested
7) located 8) reading
Cloze
▆ Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given.
▆ Answers:
1) relying 2) intrigued 3) penny 4) for 5) covered 6) treated 7) amazed 8) contrary 9) generally 10) whatever 11) invited 12) attentive 13) where
Translation
▆ Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets. ▆ Answers for Reference:
1) The rumor about his divorce is just a ploy to gain publicity for his new film.
2) He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the money his parents had left him.
3) After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph. 4) In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 5) In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) The baby is the very picture of health.
7) People have realized the dangers of exposing children to violence and sex on TV. 8) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.
Theme-Related Writing
▆ Choose one of the following writing tasks and complete it after class.
1) Write an essay (of about 250 words) about a memorable experience in which you helped a stranger or were helped by him or her.
2) Write an essay (of about 150 words) about human relationships in our society. The following hints might serve as a guide:
a. The problems existing in the relationships between people in our society. b. The negative results such problems may bring about to our society. c. What can you do to help establish a harmonious society as a student?
▆Sample Essay for Task 1:
One weekend morning, while walking on a bustling street with a light heart, I was suddenly overtaken by a startling moan. Turning around, I discovered the sound was coming from a black mass in a corner. “What‟s that?” My heart pounded heavily. I went up and saw a human being, alive but in a dreadful state. He was crouching on the ground with deformed hands and legs, mumbling something. He had obviously lost the normal ability to move and work. A dirty plate was placed in front the miserable-looking man, in which there were some coins and small notes.
As my eyes were drifting away from him, his eyes caught mine suddenly. What eyes they were! Filled with misery and expectation, they were looking straight at me. He was unable to speak, but I seemed to hear his pleading voice and read his despairing mind. His look seemed to be telling me about his hard life and his longing for help. For a while, I was at a loss what to do. Should I drop some coins in the plate like some other passers-by or turn away in indifference? I recalled news reports about men pretending to be beggars, who were actually healthy and able to work. Could this be another one of those scams? But the beggar was there, groaning and living. Then something seemed to hit me hard. I drew a five-yuan note from my pocket, dropped it in his dirty plate and walked away quickly in silence.
“No good deed is too small.” Maybe we need to bear this saying in mind.
▆Sample Essay for Task 2:
We are living in a world of distrust. We live behind cold security bars; we do not talk to strangers, let alone go out of our way to help them; we live in fear of fake products. In short, fear and feelings of insecurity fill the environment we live in.
All this greatly harms our society. Growing up in such an environment, we tend to feel isolated and care only about ourselves. If things go on like this, „trust‟, „teamwork‟, and „harmony‟ will eventually become terms unheard of.
In my opinion, trusting others and being trustworthy are the two basic principles that we should follow if we want to improve human relationships. We may not be in a position to change others, but we can change the way others see us by winning their trust in us. Mutual understanding and love are the pillars that support a harmonious
society.
Unit Two
Optimism and Positive Thinking
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆ Working with Words and Expressions
3. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences
with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers: 18) positive 19) startled 20) perspective 21) harden 22) shape 23) address 24) crises 25) curse 26) incredible 27) conversely 28) issue 29) response 30) prior 31) rare
32) accomplish
4. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their
meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) get the hang of 2) have lived through 3) makes a difference 4) have no idea 5) concerned with 6) slipped over 7) ran into 8) in reverse 9) mull over
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
1. Decide whether “do ”, “make ” or “take ” is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change
the verb form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) does 2) make 3) take 4) do 5) make 6) Take 7) done 8) taken 9) making 10) took
2. In each of the following sentences you are given two confusable words or expressions in brackets.
Choose the appropriate one to fill in the blank. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) concerned 2) Concerning 3) reject 4) declined 5) unconscious 6) subconscious 7) former 8) preceding 9) raise 10) rise
3. Now match each of the English word in Column A with its Chinese equivalent in Column B. You may
consult a dictionary if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) d 2) j 3) k 4) a 5) b 6) h 7) c 8) f 9) l 10) e 11) g 12) i
GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT
Task 1: When it is used as a conjunction, “as ” can mean “when / while ”, “though / although ”, “since /
because ”, “in the way / manner that ”, etc., and it can also be used in a comparative structure. Study the following sentences and explain the meaning of “as ” in each sentence.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) in the way /manner that
2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)
though / although when since
used in a comparison though while
in the way that
Task 2: Complete the following sentences after the example by translating the Chinese into English, using
“as ” as a relative pronoun.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) as you describe / have described / described 2) as concern every one of us 3) As is well known 4) As we all can see
5) as you show / as you have shown for your teacher 6) As is reported / announced in today’s papers
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.
▆ Answers: 1) p erspective 2) d espair 3) necessity 4) p erform 5) C onversely 6) prophecy 7) w here 8) a s
9) a chieve 10) recognize 11) d ealt w ith 12) a ttitude 13) channels 14) c oncerned
Translation
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully appreciate this. / The only people who can
fully appreciate this are those who have lived through a similar experience.
2) Scientists have been hard pressed to figure out how these particles form/ are formed and interact (with one
another).
3) Those who have got the hang of Rubik’s Cube (Magic Cube) can return each face to consisting of one colour in
no time.
4) The individual success of the employees in a team environment results in success for the company. 5) The war, although successful in military terms, left the economy almost in ruins.
6) He decided to channel his energies into something useful, instead of being glued to / sitting in front of
the TV set all day long.
7) There‟s a difference between strength and courage. It takes strength to survive. It takes courage to live. 8) She was by nature a very affectionate person, always ready to give a helping hand to others.
Theme-Related Writing
Do either of the following two writing tasks. You may draw on some useful ideas and expressions from a variety of sources, such as the two texts in this unit or the Internet.
1) Having read the two passages in this unit, you may have come to a better understanding of life and the times when pessimistic and optimistic thoughts take turns to affect your behaviour. Write a letter of encouragement (of about 150 words) to one of your high school friends who failed in the college entrance examination. Tell him or her about your new understanding of the need to remain optimistic.
2) The writers of the two texts in this unit convey to us the message that we need to look at the positive side of anything that comes to us and that we need to take an optimistic and positive attitude toward life. Write an essay (of about 150 words) to share your ideas with your classmates. The following hints may be of some help:
a. What is meant by “thinking positively”?
b. What is the connection between success and optimism? c. How can we keep an optimistic and positive attitude?
▆ Sample Letter for Task 1: Dear Weihua,
I know you are still feeling upset about your results in the college entrance examination. I‟ve just read an article about how pessimistic and optimistic thoughts can affect our behaviour and I‟m now sending you a copy, hoping that it will help you step out of the shadows.
Naturally, failing the college entrance examination can be very depressing, yet if you continue to dwell on the past, you will never be able to pick yourself up and focus on what is more important for now and the future. Life is full of trials and anyone may suffer setbacks. We must take an optimistic attitude towards the things we have to deal with. Optimism and positive thinking are powerful forces. Good things do come true if we picture them often. Please do have confidence in your potential. Just work hard and prepare for another chance.
You will make it.
Yours, Janet
(152 words)
▆ Sample Essay for Task 2:
Thinking positively means allowing your mind to be filled with optimistic feelings, and always hoping for the best though still aware of the difficulties that might be involved.
The human mind is powerful; thoughts of optimism and pessimism can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Though it might seem impossible to some, positive thinking and success actually have a cause-and-result relationship. The reason is that a person with positive thinking will always broadcast goodwill and confidence and that kind of radiating attitude will take a hold on everybody.
Gradually, people‟s attitude will shift towards more trust and respect. This not only opens up more opportunities for the individual, but it also feeds back emotionally, and the cycle continues.
Though the shaping of a positive or negative personality often happens subconsciously, it is possible to
control such processes consciously. A person can try visualizing favourable situations, whether it is remembering a contest won as a child or imagining getting that job offer so long sought after. Over time circumstances will change accordingly. (169 words)
Unit Three
The Road to Success
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
Working with Words and Expressions
5. In the box below are some of the words you have learnt in this unit. Complete the following sentences with
them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
a) favourable b) discouraged c) consented d) neglect e) crept f) sufficient g) traced h) somewhat i) refresh j) worthy k) prospects l) resolved m) remarked n) undergo o) rewarded
6. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the
proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
33) pack up 34) many a
35) stays the course 36) put to the test 37) flooding in 38) came across 39) come up with 40) plunged ... into
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
1. Listed in the box below are some unit nouns. Discuss their meanings and then complete the following table
by filling in the appropriate unit noun. The same unit noun may be used for more than once. Consult a dictionary if necessary. ▆ Answers:
2. Words such as respectful , respectable and respective may cause confusion because they are similar either
in meaning or in spelling. To communicate effectively, we need to pay special attention to such confusable
words.
▆ Answers:
1) neglected
2) neglectful
3) colourful
4) coloured
5) rough
6) tough
7) worth
8) worthy
9) favourable
10) favourite
11) respectful
12) respectable
13) respective
14) considerate
15) considerable
3. Word Building
Match each of the English word in Column A with its Chinese meaning in Column B. You may consult a
dictionary if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) d. 2) i 3) l 4) a 5) k 6) o 7) p 8) b
9) m 10) n 11) e 12) c 13) f 14) g 15) h 16) j
1. Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the subordinate clauses
and connectives. Reflect on their grammatical function and then do the task that follows.
Task: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing proper connectives from the box below. ▆ Answers for reference:
1) what 2) whether 3) whose 4) whoever 5) what
6) where 7) how 8) which 9) that 10) that
2．Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to “the preposition + relative
pronoun” structure. Reflect on their uses and then do the following task.
Task: Complete the following sentences using a preposition and a relative pronoun.
▆ Answers for reference:
1） of which 2) for which 3) in which 4) in whom
5) of which 6) to which 7) for which 8) at which
Grammar in context
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each target word is given.
▆ Answers:
1) for 2) aware 3) affair 4) prospects 5) storage 6) matter 7) plunged 8) break
9) offered 10) dancing 11) cleared 12) welled 13) stick 14) sacrifices 15) published
Translation
1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) Rumour has it that his new book is based on a true story about a family in a small Tennessee town.
2) He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work on the side to bring in extra cash /
money.
3) It‟s good to be confident (about yourself), but there’s a difference between (self-)confidence and
conceit.
4) Only those who stick it out can achieve success. Those who give up halfway will never realize their
dreams.
5) A true hero possesses / has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices.
6) Anyone who picks up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down.
7) In a sense, life is like swimming; if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you (will) never learn.
8) The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training.
Theme-Related Writing
1) Write a narrative essay (of about 150 words) about your pursuit of a dream or someone‟s experiences in
making his / her dream come true.
Sample essay
Li Hui, my friend in high school, was born into a worker‟s family. She began to dream of becoming a cartoon artist from her childhood. To her disappointment, her parents strongly opposed her career choice, because the cost of her education would be too high for the poor family, and they were worried about the job opportunities for a cartoon artist. However, Li Hui would not change her mind. She worked hard to perfect her skills and searched persistently for ways to realise her dream. Just before she finished high school, the chance came: a famous art school was holding a cartoon drawing competition. The first three winners would be given a scholarship to study cartoon drawing at the school. Li Hui told herself not to let the chance slip through her fingers. She readily participated and won the second place. She is now studying there and I feel certain that her dream will come true. (156 words)
2) People may have different opinions about the key factors for success. Write a short essay (of about 150
words) and share your opinions with your classmates.
Sample essay:
In my opinion, before a person becomes successful, he or she should fully understand the basic elements of success: competence, determination and optimism.
For a person to succeed, he or she has to face great competition and excel in his or her chosen career. The person needs to demonstrate and prove his or her competence in dealing with problems. Without competence, the person can neither stand out among the crowd nor attract the attention of those who hold the keys to the doors of opportunity and advancement.
Yet ability alone cannot guarantee success. Often enough, things do not go the way we have planned and failure is unavoidable no matter how intelligent or capable we may be. In such cases one needs to remain firm and optimistic, always believing that hard work will eventually pay off. If the person gives up halfway, success
will never knock at the door. (149 words)
Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action
▇ Working with Words and Expressions
1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.
■Answers:
1) objective
2) current
3) adopt
4) exhibit
5) capture
6) integrated
7) outstanding
8) strategies
9) convince
10) striving/strive
11) diagnosed
12) side
13) spaced
14) thick
15) painful
16) eventually
17) fascinating
18) confidence
19)label
20) creations
2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers:
1) at rest
2) dropped out
3) drying out
4) drop in
5) dawned on
6) falls away
7) drowned out
8) on the sidelines
9) falling out
10) start over
11) lose faith
12) sign off
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
Fill in each blank in the following sentences with a proper preposition given in the box.
▆ Answers:
1) with
2) to
3) with
4) on
5) at
6) with
7) from
8) beyond
9) from
10) on
11) for
12）to
1. Study the use of but in different contexts and then do the task that follows. ▆ Answers for reference:
1) What can we do but sit and wait for a passing car to bring us to a city nearby?
2) He lied to the court not just once, but on several occasions.
3) “Gone with the Wind” was/is a great movie, but it was/is a little long.
4) I had/have no choice but to accept the challenge.
5) The situation looked/looks desperate, but they didn‟t/don‟t want to give up.
6） But for these interruptions, the meeting would have finished earlier.
7） Who else but John would have played a trick like that?
8） She was the best singer in China at that time. I could not but admire her.
9） The machines we bought were cheap, but they went quite well.
10）Because he had/has a sore throat he was/is unable to swallow anything but liquids.
2. Word Building
Match each of the English words in Column A with its Chinese meaning in Column B. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) j
2) k
3) g
4) h
5) i
6) b
7) n
8) l
9) f
10) c
11) m
12) d
13) a
14) e
Grammar in Context
Task 1: Fill in each blank in the following sentences with the proper form of the verb given in brackets, paying special attention to the use of the active voice and the passive voice.
▆ Answers:
1) be done away with
2) is / gets punished
3) being erected
4) Having been ignored
5) believing
6) to have sent
7) be looked up
8) speak / speaking
9) being interviewed
10) taken
Task 2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the differences in the choice of the verb voice.
▆ Answers for Reference:
1） 杰克，有你的电话。
2） 贺卡上印有“新年快乐”的字样，在下面还有一条附言。
3） 给了他们两天的时间来为会议作必要的准备。
4） 物体受热时膨胀。
5） 你的笔写起来很流畅。
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given .
■ Answers
(1) connecting
(2) advance
(3) significance
(4) backwards
(5) path
(6) well-worn
(7) true
(8) satisfied
(9) believe
(10) what
(11) settle
(12) devastating
(13) stumbled
(14) destination
(15) trapped
(16) drown
Translation
▆Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.
▇ Answers for Reference:
1) I just can‟t figure her out , she‟s a mystery to me.
2) He travelled from one village to another, dropping in on families and listening to their
complaints and problems.
3) Jim always sides with John in an argument.
4) Then it dawned on me that they were speaking Spanish.
5) They have to live with the consequences of their wrong decision.
6) His words were drowned out by loud cheers from the crowd.
7) I looked at the printed page but the words made no sense.
8) We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.
THEME-RELATED WRITING
Choose one of the following writing tasks and complete it after class.
1) Based on Text A and what you‟ve discussed in “Voicing Your Views”, write a short essay (of about 150 words) entitled “A Creative Person” in accordance with the following outline: a. A creative person I know
b. The traits that can be found in him / her
▆ Sample Essay:
My physics professor is a very creative person. His research project for his doctoral dissertation dealt with a very complicated physics problem at a time when many others thought it was impossible to solve it. But he creatively introduced a new concept and finally resolved the theoretical and experimental contradiction.
He possesses many unique traits. He is very energetic and hard-working. He chairs the Physics Department and teaches many hours a week. Meanwhile, he is in charge of the university‟s technology research. Obviously he is a quick efficient worker. My professor can be eccentric, once he shocked the whole class by saying “Good physics, everyone” instead of “Good morning, everyone”. But above all, my professor has a sincere interest and a strong passion in his research field. No wonder he is highly respected by both his colleagues and his students.
2) Some sayings in our life sound so familiar and natural to us that we take them for granted without a second thought. Do you realize that when you take them as “absolute truths”, you are locking your mind and creativity?
Write a brief comment on such a saying in about 150 words.
▇ Sample Essay:
Popular Sayings May Become “Mental Locks”
To cultivate a creative mind, one needs to chip away at one‟s “mental locks”. Some of the “mental locks” are shaped by popular sayings, which sound so familiar to us that we tend to take them for granted. Instructive as they may be, these common statements may restrict our freedom to think.
“Look before you leap!” We make this remark to caution someone to think carefully before making a decision or taking an action. It may seem sound advice, but it may also put him or her
in a passive position. He or she may just keep “looking” round and without making a “leap”. Simila rly, we may say to the same person, “Don’t let the chance slip through your fingers!” Then, the person may be motivated to act promptly, regardless of the consequences.
In either case, the personal may fall victim to popular sayings. So, if we want to come up with a new idea, we must break up the “mental locks” that close our minds.