医学考博词汇

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类

(一)医疗、医院、医生

1 、医生

① doctor, medical worker

② physician 内科医生

③ surgeon 外科医生

④ doctor in charge 主治医生

⑤ intern 实习医生

⑥ resident doctor 住院医生

2 、医院

① hospital

The specialized hospital 专科医院

The general hospital 普通医院

The community hospital 社区医院

The public hospital 公立医院

The private hospital 私立医院

② clinc 门诊

Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 医疗队

3、 医疗手段

(1)drug therapy 药物治疗

(2)medical treatment 医疗

(3)medical instruments 医疗器械

(4)diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis

(5)prevent (v) 预防

(6)sterilize (v) 消毒 |

(7)administrate a drug 给药

(8)prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病

(9)TCM 中医

(10)chemotherapy 化疗

(11)medical service 医疗服务

(12)complain of (v) 主述

(13)health checkup 健康普查

(14)diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗

(15)consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ;

4 、医疗体制

(1 )healthcare system 医疗体制

(2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷

(3 )medical accident 医疗事故

(4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系

(5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系

(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金

5 、医德

(1 )medical ethics 医德

(2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心

(3 )humanistic 人道主义的

(4 )compassionate 富于同情性的

(5 )considerate 体贴周到的

(6 )resolute 果断的

(7 )service quality 服务质量

(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people

6 、病人

(1 )patient

(2 )the sick

(3 )the invalid

(4) sufferer

(二)疾病

1 、 患病的表达方式

⑴ suffer from (v )

(2) contract (v )

(3) people with some disease 患病人群

(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人

2 、必知疾病名称

heart disease 心脏病

hypertension 高血压

kidney problem 肾病

stroke 中风

shock 休克

the blood pressure 血压

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 绝症

incurable illness 不治之症

cancer 癌症

tumor 肿瘤

cancer of early stage 癌症晚期

emergency case 急症

serious illness 重症

the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病

short breath 短气

syndrome 综合症 complications 并发症 process 病程 bone loss 骨质疏松

short-sighted (adj)近视

3、传染病

(1) 感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 (2 )传染疾病

some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza (简)flu 流感

infection contagion 传染病

infectious diseases 传染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS

(3) 传染

epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的

block the channel (v)

disseminate 传播

cross infection 交叉感染

5 、疾病、病痛

illness

sickness

disease

ailment

suffering

6 、疾病的转归

(1 )疾病的恢复

recover recovery

recuperate

resume

recruit

reinstate

(2) 疾病的恶化

deteriorate

aggravate

exasperate

make worse

worsen

7、其他相关词汇

outbreak and spending

break out (v) 疾病的爆发

spread (v) 疾病的扩散

the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation (v)

improve the cardiac functions (v)

side effects 副反应

complain of 主述

(三)药物

1 、药物名称

medicine

drug

remedy

medicinal herbs

power

tablet

pill

2 、药物用法

开药 :

prescribe some medicine for some diseases

write out a proscription

服药

take a medicine

治„的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

3 、其他相关词汇

drug therapy 药物治疗

side effects 副反应

drug abuse 药物滥用

drugstore 药房

over the counter 非处方药

drug allergy 药物过敏

drug poisoning 药物中毒

prescription 处方

expenses for medicine 药费

charges for medicine

drug rebate 药品回扣

(四)心理疾病

1 、心理学专业词汇

subhealth 亚健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理问题

psychological consultation 心理咨询

psychological obstacles 心理障碍

mental obstacles 心理障碍

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理学/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治疗

psychological expert 心理专家

2 、情绪词汇

overcome

disappoint

disappointed

shy ,

flush

frustration

failure

willpower

optimism

optimistic

be sensitive to

nervous

tensional

sad agony pessimism pessimistic

confident confidence

stress pressure

depress depressed

depression depressive

3 、疲劳相关词汇

fatigue tire (v) weariness (n)

weary

(五)肥胖与营养

1 、营养物质

nutrient 营养素

protein 蛋白质

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 维生素 tired(a)exhausted(a)fatigued a) (

sugar 糖类

heat calories quantity of heat 热量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 软饮料

cholesterol胆固醇

2 、营养与饮食

a well-balanced diet

nutrition 营养

nutritional 营养的

二、医学写作其他常用词汇

1. 下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall

2. 上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase

3. 禽流感 H1N1 flu / bird flu / avian flu;

4. 食品安全 food safety

5. 公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies

6. 应急反应 immediate response to

7. .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s

livelihood/well-being &>6IU

8. 城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system

9. 预防保健disease prevention and health care

10. 服务体系service system A

11. 讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene

12. 个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i.

13. 清淡的lite

14. 蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet

15. 预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN

16. 人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病

17. 虫媒insect pollination;

18. 虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease

19. 肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome;

20. 爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion

21. 传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!"

22. 传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission

23. 传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D

24. 污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate

25. 福祉 well-being, happiness

26. 衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s

27. 每况愈下from bad to worse

28. 相似的akin to=similar to

29. 脓的,化脓的purulent –

30. 脂肪肝fatty liver

31. 血压 hypertension

32. 肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon

33. 亚健康 sub-health 8

34. 过劳死death from overwork [

35. 长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0

36. 养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health

37. 分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds

38. 基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary

duties/responsibilities/obligations

39. 基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle

40. 道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。

41. 民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people

42. 合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent

43. 死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from

44. .归结为 boil down to;come down to

45. 归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute„ to, owe„to

46. 归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame„on,ascribe or attribute„ to,impute„ to

47. 大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive

48. 大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak

49. 表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly

50. 因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations

51. 孤立现象an isolated phenomenon

52. 复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate

53. 极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy

54. 低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances

55. 养老保险 endowment insurance

56. 退休养老金retirement n

57. 医疗改革health care reform

58. 激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity

59. 月经期menstrual period S

60. 生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace

61. 婴幼儿保健the infant health care

62. 安乐死euthanasia

63. 得绝症的terminally ill

64. 临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care !

65. 濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类

(一)医疗、医院、医生

1 、医生

① doctor, medical worker

② physician 内科医生

③ surgeon 外科医生

④ doctor in charge 主治医生

⑤ intern 实习医生

⑥ resident doctor 住院医生

2 、医院

① hospital

The specialized hospital 专科医院

The general hospital 普通医院

The community hospital 社区医院

The public hospital 公立医院

The private hospital 私立医院

② clinc 门诊

Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 医疗队

3、 医疗手段

(1)drug therapy 药物治疗

(2)medical treatment 医疗

(3)medical instruments 医疗器械

(4)diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis

(5)prevent (v) 预防

(6)sterilize (v) 消毒 |

(7)administrate a drug 给药

(8)prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病

(9)TCM 中医

(10)chemotherapy 化疗

(11)medical service 医疗服务

(12)complain of (v) 主述

(13)health checkup 健康普查

(14)diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗

(15)consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ;

4 、医疗体制

(1 )healthcare system 医疗体制

(2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷

(3 )medical accident 医疗事故

(4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系

(5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系

(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金

5 、医德

(1 )medical ethics 医德

(2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心

(3 )humanistic 人道主义的

(4 )compassionate 富于同情性的

(5 )considerate 体贴周到的

(6 )resolute 果断的

(7 )service quality 服务质量

(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people

6 、病人

(1 )patient

(2 )the sick

(3 )the invalid

(4) sufferer

(二)疾病

1 、 患病的表达方式

⑴ suffer from (v )

(2) contract (v )

(3) people with some disease 患病人群

(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人

2 、必知疾病名称

heart disease 心脏病

hypertension 高血压

kidney problem 肾病

stroke 中风

shock 休克

the blood pressure 血压

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 绝症

incurable illness 不治之症

cancer 癌症

tumor 肿瘤

cancer of early stage 癌症晚期

emergency case 急症

serious illness 重症

the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病

short breath 短气

syndrome 综合症 complications 并发症 process 病程 bone loss 骨质疏松

short-sighted (adj)近视

3、传染病

(1) 感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 (2 )传染疾病

some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza (简)flu 流感

infection contagion 传染病

infectious diseases 传染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS

(3) 传染

epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的

block the channel (v)

disseminate 传播

cross infection 交叉感染

5 、疾病、病痛

illness

sickness

disease

ailment

suffering

6 、疾病的转归

(1 )疾病的恢复

recover recovery

recuperate

resume

recruit

reinstate

(2) 疾病的恶化

deteriorate

aggravate

exasperate

make worse

worsen

7、其他相关词汇

outbreak and spending

break out (v) 疾病的爆发

spread (v) 疾病的扩散

the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation (v)

improve the cardiac functions (v)

side effects 副反应

complain of 主述

(三)药物

1 、药物名称

medicine

drug

remedy

medicinal herbs

power

tablet

pill

2 、药物用法

开药 :

prescribe some medicine for some diseases

write out a proscription

服药

take a medicine

治„的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

3 、其他相关词汇

drug therapy 药物治疗

side effects 副反应

drug abuse 药物滥用

drugstore 药房

over the counter 非处方药

drug allergy 药物过敏

drug poisoning 药物中毒

prescription 处方

expenses for medicine 药费

charges for medicine

drug rebate 药品回扣

(四)心理疾病

1 、心理学专业词汇

subhealth 亚健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理问题

psychological consultation 心理咨询

psychological obstacles 心理障碍

mental obstacles 心理障碍

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理学/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治疗

psychological expert 心理专家

2 、情绪词汇

overcome

disappoint

disappointed

shy ,

flush

frustration

failure

willpower

optimism

optimistic

be sensitive to

nervous

tensional

sad agony pessimism pessimistic

confident confidence

stress pressure

depress depressed

depression depressive

3 、疲劳相关词汇

fatigue tire (v) weariness (n)

weary

(五)肥胖与营养

1 、营养物质

nutrient 营养素

protein 蛋白质

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 维生素 tired(a)exhausted(a)fatigued a) (

sugar 糖类

heat calories quantity of heat 热量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 软饮料

cholesterol胆固醇

2 、营养与饮食

a well-balanced diet

nutrition 营养

nutritional 营养的

二、医学写作其他常用词汇

1. 下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall

2. 上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase

3. 禽流感 H1N1 flu / bird flu / avian flu;

4. 食品安全 food safety

5. 公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies

6. 应急反应 immediate response to

7. .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s

livelihood/well-being &>6IU

8. 城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system

9. 预防保健disease prevention and health care

10. 服务体系service system A

11. 讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene

12. 个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i.

13. 清淡的lite

14. 蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet

15. 预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN

16. 人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病

17. 虫媒insect pollination;

18. 虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease

19. 肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome;

20. 爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion

21. 传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!"

22. 传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission

23. 传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D

24. 污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate

25. 福祉 well-being, happiness

26. 衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s

27. 每况愈下from bad to worse

28. 相似的akin to=similar to

29. 脓的,化脓的purulent –

30. 脂肪肝fatty liver

31. 血压 hypertension

32. 肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon

33. 亚健康 sub-health 8

34. 过劳死death from overwork [

35. 长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0

36. 养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health

37. 分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds

38. 基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary

duties/responsibilities/obligations

39. 基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle

40. 道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。

41. 民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people

42. 合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent

43. 死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from

44. .归结为 boil down to;come down to

45. 归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute„ to, owe„to

46. 归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame„on,ascribe or attribute„ to,impute„ to

47. 大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive

48. 大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak

49. 表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly

50. 因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations

51. 孤立现象an isolated phenomenon

52. 复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate

53. 极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy

54. 低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances

55. 养老保险 endowment insurance

56. 退休养老金retirement n

57. 医疗改革health care reform

58. 激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity

59. 月经期menstrual period S

60. 生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace

61. 婴幼儿保健the infant health care

62. 安乐死euthanasia

63. 得绝症的terminally ill

64. 临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care !

65. 濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.


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