He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
(D )表示“一„„就”的几个句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
②在before 或after 引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
(三)一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别:
1 概念区分:一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的,与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事
情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。
现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去产某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与
现在情况有关系,是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。
2一般过去时常用的状语: yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等; 现在完成时常用的状语有already, just (刚刚), yet, never, before 等;
从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有:today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天/年里)。since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。
3比较下面几组句子,体会两种时态的不同:
He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. (这是过去的一件事)
He has served in the army for 5 years. (现在他仍在军中服役,他是个军人)
He wrote many plays when he was at college. 他上大学的时候,写了许多剧本。(写剧本是他过去的事) He has written many plays. 他写了许多部剧本。(这意味着他是剧作家)
I saw Hero last year. 去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。(看《英雄》的时间是去年,与现在时间无关) I have seen Hero before.
注意:我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。(强调现在还知道这部电影的内容。以前看过,但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间,而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间。)
(四)一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别:
概念区分:一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的,过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参
照点不同。
对过去完成时来说,这一个时间参照点十分重要,它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础,也是和一般过
去时相区别的重要标准。常用时间状语:过去完成时的时间状语常用by 和before 引导的短语表示,
如by that time, by the end of„, before 2000, by the time +句子等。
(五) 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别:
1、 两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用,但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语),而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作(句中有表示过去特定时间的状语)。
2、 比较下面的说法
She had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。
(回来发生在过去某一时间,发病发生在过去的过去)
She has been ill for a week. 她生病一个星期了。(现在仍在生病)
(六)动词时态的一些典型用法
1、 在if, unless, even if 引导的条件状语从句中,在when, before, until (till ), as soon as, the moment, once 引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句是将来时往往出现will / shall 或主句是祈使句或者是含有情态动词/ can / must的句子时,从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如:
① I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work.
② The new secretary need report to the manager as soon as she arrives.
③ - Can I join your club, Dad? - You can when you get a bit older.
④ If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
⑤ Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
2、 表示愿望、打算一类的词,如:hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如:
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想去帮你的,但当时确实太忙了。 I had thought you would come tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来呢。
3、 某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
① This / It is the first / second„time + that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时,
如:This is the first time I have come here.
如果把前边的is 改为was ,则that 从句用过去完成时。
It was the third time (that ) he had made the same mistake.
② It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句。
It is 50 years since sdthe People's Republic of China was founded.
③ be about to do„when „意为“即将„„(这时)突然„„”。如:
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
④ be(was /were) + doing„ when„ 意为“正在干„„(这时)突然„„”。如
They were reading when Tom shouted。
⑤ Hardly had done„when „ ; No sooner had done„than „
when 和than 从句里用一般过去时,表示“刚刚„„就„„”。如:
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than ) the rain poured down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
⑥ It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句
这个句式分两种情况:如果主句用将来时,则从句用一般现在时表将来时,意为多长时间以后即将发生某事;
如果主句用过去时,从句也用过去时,意为多长时间后发生了某事。如:
It won’t be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soom.)
It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )
例题:
1 -Peter , where did you go for the summer vacation?
-We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be
【答案】 C.
【考点】 考查时态题
【解析】 我们去海边发生在过去. 而我们忙于工作在此之前. 因此用过去完成时。
2-I ’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? -Sorry, I________myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn’t made B. wouldn’t make C. don’t make D. haven’t made
【答案】 D
【考点】 时态
【解析】 上文说没听清是几号回来。而下文则说很抱歉我没说清楚。根据句意我们只能选didn ’t make 或者haven ’t made. 那落在选项中我们只能选择D 。A. hadn ’t made 过去完成时表过去的过去,不符合题意。B. wouldn ’t make过去将来时时态不正确。C 一般现在时不正确。
3 It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ________ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
【答案】 A
【考点】 本题考查过去完成时和一般过去时的区别
【解析】 整个句子时态用的是一般过去时,我能够表示感谢就已经是过去,而他们对我的帮助则是过去的过去。因此选A 。
4 For many years, people ________ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.
A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of
【答案】 B
【考点】 本题考查时态。
【解析】 根据句意:许多年来,人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而,制造它们比想象要难得多。由此,推断此处的梦想从过去到现在,并由此延伸。目前,市场上已经有了电动汽车,所以应用现在完成时。
5 Progress ________ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be
【答案】 C
【考点】 考查了时态——现在完成时
【解析】 根据题干中的so far判断,应该用现在完成时态。
课堂回顾
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
(D )表示“一„„就”的几个句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
②在before 或after 引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
(三)一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别:
1 概念区分:一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的,与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事
情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。
现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去产某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与
现在情况有关系,是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。
2一般过去时常用的状语: yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等; 现在完成时常用的状语有already, just (刚刚), yet, never, before 等;
从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有:today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天/年里)。since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。
3比较下面几组句子,体会两种时态的不同:
He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. (这是过去的一件事)
He has served in the army for 5 years. (现在他仍在军中服役,他是个军人)
He wrote many plays when he was at college. 他上大学的时候,写了许多剧本。(写剧本是他过去的事) He has written many plays. 他写了许多部剧本。(这意味着他是剧作家)
I saw Hero last year. 去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。(看《英雄》的时间是去年,与现在时间无关) I have seen Hero before.
注意:我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。(强调现在还知道这部电影的内容。以前看过,但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间,而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间。)
(四)一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别:
概念区分:一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的,过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参
照点不同。
对过去完成时来说,这一个时间参照点十分重要,它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础,也是和一般过
去时相区别的重要标准。常用时间状语:过去完成时的时间状语常用by 和before 引导的短语表示,
如by that time, by the end of„, before 2000, by the time +句子等。
(五) 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别:
1、 两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用,但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语),而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作(句中有表示过去特定时间的状语)。
2、 比较下面的说法
She had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。
(回来发生在过去某一时间,发病发生在过去的过去)
She has been ill for a week. 她生病一个星期了。(现在仍在生病)
(六)动词时态的一些典型用法
1、 在if, unless, even if 引导的条件状语从句中,在when, before, until (till ), as soon as, the moment, once 引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句是将来时往往出现will / shall 或主句是祈使句或者是含有情态动词/ can / must的句子时,从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如:
① I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work.
② The new secretary need report to the manager as soon as she arrives.
③ - Can I join your club, Dad? - You can when you get a bit older.
④ If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
⑤ Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
2、 表示愿望、打算一类的词,如:hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如:
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想去帮你的,但当时确实太忙了。 I had thought you would come tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来呢。
3、 某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
① This / It is the first / second„time + that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时,
如:This is the first time I have come here.
如果把前边的is 改为was ,则that 从句用过去完成时。
It was the third time (that ) he had made the same mistake.
② It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句。
It is 50 years since sdthe People's Republic of China was founded.
③ be about to do„when „意为“即将„„(这时)突然„„”。如:
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
④ be(was /were) + doing„ when„ 意为“正在干„„(这时)突然„„”。如
They were reading when Tom shouted。
⑤ Hardly had done„when „ ; No sooner had done„than „
when 和than 从句里用一般过去时,表示“刚刚„„就„„”。如:
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than ) the rain poured down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
⑥ It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句
这个句式分两种情况:如果主句用将来时,则从句用一般现在时表将来时,意为多长时间以后即将发生某事;
如果主句用过去时,从句也用过去时,意为多长时间后发生了某事。如:
It won’t be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soom.)
It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )
例题:
1 -Peter , where did you go for the summer vacation?
-We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be
【答案】 C.
【考点】 考查时态题
【解析】 我们去海边发生在过去. 而我们忙于工作在此之前. 因此用过去完成时。
2-I ’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? -Sorry, I________myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn’t made B. wouldn’t make C. don’t make D. haven’t made
【答案】 D
【考点】 时态
【解析】 上文说没听清是几号回来。而下文则说很抱歉我没说清楚。根据句意我们只能选didn ’t make 或者haven ’t made. 那落在选项中我们只能选择D 。A. hadn ’t made 过去完成时表过去的过去,不符合题意。B. wouldn ’t make过去将来时时态不正确。C 一般现在时不正确。
3 It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ________ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
【答案】 A
【考点】 本题考查过去完成时和一般过去时的区别
【解析】 整个句子时态用的是一般过去时,我能够表示感谢就已经是过去,而他们对我的帮助则是过去的过去。因此选A 。
4 For many years, people ________ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.
A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of
【答案】 B
【考点】 本题考查时态。
【解析】 根据句意:许多年来,人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而,制造它们比想象要难得多。由此,推断此处的梦想从过去到现在,并由此延伸。目前,市场上已经有了电动汽车,所以应用现在完成时。
5 Progress ________ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be
【答案】 C
【考点】 考查了时态——现在完成时
【解析】 根据题干中的so far判断,应该用现在完成时态。
课堂回顾