Unit 1 Talking about people
☆ Introducing Yourself（your information）
•I ’m … e.g. I ’m Mr.Lin.
•My name is … e.g. My name is Linbo.
•I ’m from …/I come from…
e.g. I ’m from China./I come from China.
•I ’m + 职业. e.g. I ’m a teacher.
•I work for … e.g. I work for this university.
VI. I live in … e.g. I live in Shantou.
☆ How to ask someone’s information(And how to answer)
I. What ’s your name (please)?
I am (I’m) … / My name is …
II. Where are you from? / Where do you come from?
I am (I’m) from … / I come from …
III. What do you do? / What is your job?
I am (I’m) + 职业.
IV. How old are you?/ What’s your age?
I am (I’m) + 年龄.
☆人称代词以及动词to be的用法
•I am from China. We are Chinese.
•You are my teacher. You are doctors.
•He is a manager.
•She is a nurse. They are Americans.
•It is a dog.
注意：这些句子的否定句在动词be 后加not
而疑问句则将be 提前后加问号
e.g. They are students.
否：They are not students.
疑：Are they students?
名词所有格及名词单复数
•E.g. Sally ’s friend is Greek.
John ’s father is Chinese.
The manager’s home is in London
What is Polly’s job?
通俗一点来说，名词所有格就是“XXX 的”。
•名词复数规则变化：
1. 大部分名词直接在名词后面加s ，e.g.
job → jobs apple → apples
2. 以辅音+y结尾的名词，去y 加ies
e.g. baby → babies
以元音+y结尾的名词，直接加s
• e.g. day → days
3. 以-ch,-sh,-s,-x,-z 为结尾的单词，
在单词后面加es
e.g. box → boxes bus → buses
4. 以-f ，-fe 为结尾的单词，去-f,-fe 加ves
e.g. life → lives half → halves
名词复数不规则变化 (只能死记硬背╮(╯_╰) ╭) ：
e.g. man → men woman → women
child → children foot → feet
tooth → teeth goose → geese
动词第三人称单数
在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，动词形式要用
第三人称单数现在式，其构成是在动词后+s
e.g. He lives in London.
Mary works for an IT company.
The manager likes swimming.
动词to like
表示喜欢做某事，可以用like+doing,或者like+to do
e.g. I like playing football.（永久的喜欢）
I like to play football.（暂时性的喜欢）
不定冠词 a / an
以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前+a
e.g. a teacher a student
以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前+an
e.g. an apple an artist
_ university [,ju:ni’v ə:siti] _ hour [’au ə]
与work 连用的介词
work with / for / in / at
e.g. I work with David in the same company.（与某人共事）
I work for an IT company.（为…工作）
I work in Beijing. {在某个地方工作（大地方）}
I work at school. {在某个地方工作（小地方）}
Unit 2 Meeting and Greeting
Language focuses in this unit:
问候 & 问好
行为动词的否定形式 & 动词第三人称单数的变化 & 行为动词疑问句句子构成
时间表达法
表达时间的介词
频度副词 & 表达“请求、提议”的句子构成
I. Greeting (问候)
① Hello ! Hi ! How do you do?
Nice to meet you !
Glad to meet you !
Pleased to meet you !
② Good morning ! Good afternoon !
Good evening ! Good night !
③ How are you ? Fine , thanks .
Very well , thank you .
Fine , and you ?
II. 行为动词的否定形式、动词第三人称单数的变化、行为动词疑问句构成
★行为动词的否定形式由 do not (don’t) 和
does not (doesn’t) + 动词原形构成
e.g. I like playing football .
↓
I don’t like playing football .
He likes playing football .
↓
He doesn’t like playing football.
除了第三人称单数后用 doesn ’t ，其余用 don ’t 。
★什么是第三人称单数？
简单一点来说，第三人称单数就是
除了 I 和 you 以外的单个人或事物。
◆ 人称代词 e.g. he / she / it
◆ 单个人名 e.g. Wang Bing 、Mr. Lin
◆ 单个事物 e.g. the school 、that cat
◆ 单个称谓关系 e.g. my father、his friend
★动词第三人称单数的规则变化
（一般现在时）
1. 一般动词直接 + s
e.g. read → reads write → writes
2. 以-ch 、-sh 、-s 、-x 或-o 结尾的动词, 词尾 + es
e.g. teach → teaches finish → finishes
guess → guesses fix → fixes go → goes
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词, 去 y + ies
e.g. fly → flies carry → carries
以元音字母 + y结尾的动词，直接 + s
e.g. pay → pays say → says
★行为动词的疑问句构成
★行为动词作谓语的一般疑问句需用助动词 do /does ，并置于主语前，第三人称单数用 does ，其他人称用 do
e.g. You eat in the canteen at lunchtime .
↓ (判断第几人称，决定用哪个助动词)
Do you eat in the canteen at lunchtime ?
He likes playing football .
↓ (同上)
Does he like playing football ?
肯定回答：Yes , I do . / Yes , he does .
否定回答：No , I don’t . / No , he doesn’t.
III. 时间表达法以及
一些表达时间的介词
★时间表达法
㈠ 表达离整点还差1~29分钟的用 to
e.g. 9:40(差20分到10点) → twenty to ten
㈡ 表达整点过1~30分钟的用 past
e.g. 12:10(12点过了10分钟) → ten past twelve
㈢ 表达“一刻钟（15分钟）”可用 a quarter
表达“半小时”可用 half
e.g. 5:15 → a quarter past five
5:45 → a quarter to six
5:30 → half past five (没有half to six)
㈣ 12小时制 午前用am, 午后用pm, 正午没am 跟pm 之分
e.g. 早上9点 → 9 am 晚上9点 → 9 pm
凌晨1点 → 1 am 下午1点 → 1 pm
正午 → at noon
o(╯3╰)o 接上页
㈤ 所有时间都可以简略地说成：X 时X 分
e.g. 10：12 ten twelve
15: 48 fifteen forty-eight
★ 时间介词
at 表示在某点时间（在... 时刻）
e.g. She arrives at 7 o’clock.
in 表示在某段时间 (在... 时期)
e.g. I work in the morning/afternoon/evening.
on 表示日期，星期几或星期几的上下午、晚上
e.g. on Sunday on Monday evening
on January 1st
o(╯3╰)o 接上页
for 表示某事物持续的时间
e.g. I go swimming on Tuesdays for two hours.
from …to … 表示从某点到另外一点的持续时间
e.g. He works from 8 o’clock in the morning to
6 o’clock in the afternoon.
IV. 频度副词以及表示请求、提议的句子构成
★常见的频度副词
never （从不）、sometimes （有时）、often （经常）、 usually （通常）、always （总是）
要注意的是频度副词在句子中的位置:
1. 在动词 be 之后
e.g. I’m usually ill on planes .
Are you usually at home on Monday ?
2. 在行为动词之前
e.g. I sometimes work on Friday .
She sometimes go to London .
3. 在含有助动词do/does,don’t/doesn’t 的句子中，
置于助动词之后，行为动词之前
e.g. He doesn’t always work on Tuesday.
I don’t always go to school by bus.
★表达请求建议的句子构成
表达请求： Could you do sth. ?
e.g. Could you call me at 7 o’clock , please ?
Could you give me a hand ?
回答：Yes , of course . / Certainly . / Sure .
No , sorry .
表达建议： Would you like (to do) sth. ?
e.g. Would you like a cup of tea ?
Would you like to have a coffee ?
回答：Yes , please . / No , thank you .
Unit 3 What do you do ?
Language focuses in this unit :
✓ 介绍第三方、表示“提议”句子构成的延伸
✓
✓
✓ 序数词的表达 不定冠词、定冠词以及指示代词的运用 There be句子结构
Cultural Note
X.O. extra old 特陈
V.S.O.P. very superior old pale 非常陈旧的白兰地
aquavit 白兰地 cooktail 鸡尾酒 tequila 龙舌兰 whisky 威士忌
vodka 伏特加 Henessy ( 轩尼诗 ) Jack Daniels ( 杰克丹尼 )
Johnnie Walker ( 尊尼获加 )
I. 介绍第三方以及表达“提议”句子结构的延伸
★ 介绍第三方当向第二方介绍第三方时，常用”This is+人名”，而后面则可用第一方与第三方的关系来补充说明。
e.g. This is Stephen , my roommate .
This is Fiona , my girlfriend .
☆ 表达“提议”句子结构的延伸
上单元我们提到过表示“提议”的句子：
① Would you like sth. ?
② Would you like to do sth. ?
would you like 前 + what 形成 ：
1. What would you like ?
2. What would you like to do ?
( 其中do 可以是任何动词的原型 )
e.g. What would you like , Kitty ?
I would like ( I’d ) some bread .
What would you like to drink ?
I would like ( I’d ) a cup of milk .
II. 序数词表达法 序数词的构成多数序数词由基数词加”-th “构成
e.g. four → fourth six → sixth hundred → hundredth
有些序数词加”-th “时拼法不规则
e.g. fifth 、twelfth （先将基数词中的-ve 改成-f ，再加-th ）
e.g. eighth （基数词后加-h ）
e.g. ninth （去掉基数词中的-e ，再加-th ）
e.g. twentieth 、thirtieth 、fortieth 、fiftieth 、sixtieth 、
seventieth 、eightieth 、ninetieth （将基数词中的-y 改成-ie ，再加-th ）
▲ 特殊的序数词
e.g. first （第一）、second （第二）、third （第三）
▲ 序数词的简写形式
e.g. first 1st second 2ndthird 3rd fourth 4thAttention !
第二十二 twenty-second 第三十一 thirty-first
第四十三 forty-third 第五十八 fifty-eighth
III. （不）定冠词以及指示代词
★ 不定冠词a/an（注解请看书o(╯□╰)o ）
e.g. 1. I’m a teacher .（我是一名老师，老师行列中的一员）
2. He’s an engineer .（他是名工程师，建筑 团队中众多工程师里的其中一位）
★定冠词the 可与可数名词的单复数及不可数名词搭配，指独一无二的事物或已被提及的人或物。包括以下几种情况：
1. 自然现象的名词
e.g. the sun the moon the ocean
2. 乐器名词
e.g. the piano the violin
3. 形容词的最高级前
e.g. the biggest the longest the cleverest
4. 姓氏的复数表示”这一姓氏的一家人“
e.g. the Smiths the Adams
★指示代词this/these,that/those
this/these 指离说话人比较近的物品
that/those 指离说话人较远的物品
★都可与名词连用或直接使用
e.g. Hello ! This is my friend , Paul .
These people are very kind .
指示代词可用于表达对比的意义：
e.g. This is my mother . That is her mother .
These are my books . Those are his .
IV. There be 句子结构 表示”在某处有/存在……“可用there is/ there are结构
e.g. There is a plane in the sky.
There are some ducks in the river.
而there be 结构的疑问句则是将 be 提前
e.g. Is there a plane in the sky ?
Are there any ducks in the river ?
简略回答：
Yes,there is./No,there isn’t(there is not).
Yes,there are./No,there aren’t(there are not).
Unit 4 Families and Occupations
Languages focuses in this unit:
谈论工作
表示“拥有”的用法
现在进行时态
一、谈论工作
工作主要涉及职业、工作地点、工作领域等。
•职业 注意在职业前+不定冠词a/an
e.g. an engineer a doctor
She is an accountant.
His father is a doctor.
•工作地点 注意在工作地点前+不定冠词a/an
或定冠词the
e.g. His girlfriend works in the same
school with me.
My father works in an office in
Shantou.
3. 工作领域谈及工作领域时，如banking 、teaching 、computers ，在领域前用介词in e.g. She works in insurance.
He works in IT.
I works in education.
☆ 在Unit 1里，我们提过询问工作的句子：
What do/does sb. do ?
What ’s sb.’s job?
e.g. What do your parents do ?
What are your parents’ jobs ?
回答：1. I ’m an accountant.
2. They work in a bank.
二、表示“拥有”的用法
I have got some brothers and sisters.
I haven’t got any brothers or sisters.
表示“拥有”可用 have got或have ，二者意思一样
（第三人称单数用has got或has ）
e.g. I have got a car.
Have you got a car ?
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
I have (not) got a car.
I have a car.
Do you have a car ?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
I don’t have a car.
三、现在进行时态
现在进行时（1）
表示此刻正在发生的事情或正在进行的动作
句子结构：主语 + be（随主语变化）+ 动词-ing 形式 + 其它句子成分
e.g. He is reading a book.
Is he reading a book ?
Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
He isn’t reading a book.
☆ 特殊疑问句的现在进行时疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing 形式+其它句子成分 ? e.g. What are you doing ?
Where is he reading a book ?
What are they eating ?
现在进行时（2）
现在进行时也可以表示这段时期正在进行的活动，而此时此刻这个活动并未进行。
e.g. He ’s learning how to drive a car these three months, but right now he is having class. （他这段时间在学开车，但此时此刻他在上课。）
He ’s having a MBA course this summer, but he’s on vocation at home now. （他这个暑假在读MBA 课程，可现在在家休假。）
Unit 5 Flat Hunting
Language focuses in this unit:
澄清意思
提出建议
询问价格
复习（表示“拥有”的用法、现在进行时、there be句子结构）
I. 澄清意思
★ 询问一件物品是什么意思，用动词mean ， 回答主语可以用代词it 代替。
e.g. What does “CEO ” mean ?
It means Chief Executive Officer.
“Lge ”—What does it mean ?
It means large.
Does “sml ” mean small ? Yes, it does.
Does “am ” mean afternoon ?
No, it means morning.
II. 提出建议 我们前个单元学过表示“建议”的句子结构：
Would you like sth. / to do sth. ?
e.g. Would you like a cup of tea ?
Would you like to have a rest ?
提出建议还可以用以下句型：
★ What / How about + 动词-ing 形式 +其他句子成分 ?
e.g. What about flying a kite ?
How about going out for a walk ?
★ Why don’t you / Why not + 动词原形 + 其他句子成分 ?
e.g. Why don’t you take a break ?
Why not turn on the light ?
简略回答：Well, I don’t know.
(That’s a) good idea ! / It sounds great !
III. 询问价格
询问价格需用How much开头，有两种句型：
★ How much be + 被询问的物品 ?
e.g. How much are the apples ?
How much is the car ?
简略回答： They are 4 yuan per kilo.
It ’s 200 thousand yuan.
★ How much do / does + 被询问的物品+ cost ?
e.g. How much do the apples cost ?
How much does the car cost ?
简略回答：They cost 4 yuan per kilo.
It costs 200 thousand yuan.
IV. Review
一、表示“拥有” 用have got 或has got
e.g. It has got a garden.
It hasn’t got a garden.
Has it got a garden ?
Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
二、现在进行时
1. 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情或正在进行的
动作；
2. 表示这一段时期正在进行的活动，而此时此
刻这个活动可能并没有进行。
e.g. The lift isn’t working.
I ’m learning how to drive a car at
the moment, but I am having my
class right now.
三、There be 句型
e.g. There are 30 students in the classroom.
There is a computer in this classroom.
Unit 7 Making Appointments
Language focuses in this unit:
● 询问花费多长时间
● 交通方式以及表达地点的介词
● 表达批评（带有抱怨语气）的句子
● 打电话用语
● 安排约会
I. 询问做某事花费了多长时间
询问做某事花费多长时间要用疑问词how long,
表示“多久”，动词用take 或者cost ，表示“花费（时间）。 ”
e.g. How long does it take to go to yourschool ?
How long does the trip take ?
回答：It takes + 时间 + for sb. + to do sth.
Sth. takes + 时间
e.g. It takes half an hour for me to finish my work.
The trip takes two hours.
▲ It costs sb. + 时间 + to do sth.
e.g. It costs me half an hour to finish mywork.
II. 交通方式以及表达地点的介词
☆ 交通方式
1. 用介词by+交通工具
e.g. by bike/by bus/by sea/by air/by train(注意“步行”是on foot)
2. 用动词take+交通工具
e.g. take a plane/take a bus/take a taxi
☆ 表示地点的介词
1. at 常用语具体的地址或地点前
e.g. I live at 14 Perry Avenue, London.
I ’ll meet you at the airport.
2. in 常与街道或较大的地区连用，也常与房间、房屋、公寓连用
e.g. I live in Perry Street, in London.
He is in the living room.
She works in her flat.
3. on 常与楼层连用
e.g. I live on the third floor.
III. 表达批评（带有抱怨语气）的句子
常用的句式是 “ too+形容词 ” 或 “ not+形容词 +enough ”，表示“太…”，“不够…”
☆ too + 形容词 表示“太…”
e.g. The house is too far from my school.
The living room is too dark.
☆ not + 形容词 + enough 表示“不够…”
e.g. The table is not big enough for us.
The room isn’t bright enough.
▲ It ’s too + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示“太…而不能做某事”
e.g. He is too fat to run.
I ’m too tired to continue working.
IV. 打电话用语
1. 介绍自己（一般来电者会先介绍自己）
e.g. Henry speaking.
This is Henry speaking.
(句前可加”Hello! Good morning/afternoon!”) 等
2. 询问来电者
e.g. Who’s calling, please ?
3. 询问接电话者
e.g. Is that Tom ?
Is that you, Tom ?
4. 接听找人电话
e.g. One moment, please./Hold on, please.
Sorry, wrong number.
Sorry, I’m afraid he/she is not in.
Sorry, I’m afraid he/she is out.
5. 请人接听电话
e.g. Could/Can I speak to Tom, please ?
Is Tom there, please ?
6. 留口信
e.g. Could/Can I take a message, please ?
Could/Can you leave a message for me ?
V. 安排约会
1. 建议具体时间和日期
e.g. How about 6 o’clock ?
Is 6 o’clock okay ?
What about Friday ?
Are you free on Sunday ?
2. 表示同意或者不同意的应答
e.g. Yes, 6 o’clock is fine.
Yes, Friday is okay.
No, I’m afraid I’m not free.
No, I’m sorry. I’m busy.
3. 确认约会时间
e.g. Okay, see you at 6 o’clock on Sunday.
Unit 8 Moving In
Language focuses in this unit:
✓情态动词can/can’t 表示“允许”，“不允许”
✓行为动词的一般现在时&现在进行时
✓谈论天气以及描述城市
✓表示方位的介词
✓祈使句的句子结构
•情态动词can 表示“允许”，否定
形式表示“不允许”
can 是情态动词，表示“允许”，后面接动词原型，
否定形式为cannot 或can ’t ，表示“不允许”
e.g. You can smoke in the garden.
You can’t be noisy.
can 的一般疑问句，将can 提前
e.g. Can I bring friends back ?
Can I use your dictionary ?
回答：Yes, you can./No, I’m afraid
you can’t. (注意否定回答需用委婉语气
I ’m afraid, 详见课本Cultural Note)
II. 行为动词的一般现在时&现在进行时
★ 在Unit 1和Unit 2中学习过行为动词的
一般现在时
肯定句：主语+动词原型（注意第三人称单数动词+s）
e.g. I live in Shantou.
She works in IT.
否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原型
e.g. I don’t live in Shantou.
She doesn’t work in IT.
一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形
e.g. Do you live in Shantou ?
Does she work in IT ?
一般现在时与现在进行时
e.g. I usually start work at 9 o’clock. （一般）
I cook for my family. （一般）
He is cooking. （现在）
I ’m working now. （现在）
☆ 其中有些动词只用于一般时态，不用于进行时，它们表示相对静止的物质，
心理以及情感状态，称为状态动词。
e.g. be-He is Chinese. have-I have two books.
love-I love coffee. like-I like apples.
hate-I hate that ugly person.
think-I think you are right.
III. 谈论天气、描述城市
① 谈论天气
描述当前的天气状况（weather ）可用一般现在时和现在进行时，询问天气状况常用What ’s the weather like in + 某地？/How’s the weather in + 某地？
回答用 It ’s + 形容词. 或 It ’s + 动词-ing. 等。
e.g. What’s the weather like in Shantou ?
How ’s the weather in Shantou ?
It ’s rainy. / It’s raining.
It ’s sunny. / The sun is shining.
（具体关于天气的形容词跟动词见课本）
当谈论一个地方的气候（climate ）时，通常用
一般现在时而不用现在进行时
e.g. It often rains in summer in England.
It is often sunny in autumn.
② 描述城市
询问城市情况，可以用What ’s + 城镇名称 + like ?
提问。
e.g. What’s London like?
回答： It ’s beautiful / ugly / big / small / busy
/ calm / clean / dirty (polluted) /
crowded / empty / safe / dangerous
/ well-organised / chaotic .
IV. 表示方位的介词
on 在…上面
There is a book on the desk.
above 在…之上
There is a picture above the table.
in 在…里面
The laptop is in the suitcase.
next to 与…相邻
I ’ll put the small table next to the bed.
in front of 在…前面（不包含）
There are some trees in front of the
building.
in the front of 在…前面（包含）
I ’m sitting in the front of the classroom.
behind 在…后面
There are three men waiting behind us.
under 在…下面
The football is under the chair.
V. 祈使句的结构
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子
叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令。
祈使句的肯定形式用动词原形
e.g. Put it on the table.
Stand up, please !
祈使句的否定式用Don ’t + 动词原形
e.g. Don’t smoke in the room, please.
☆ please 表示委婉语气，可以放在句子最前面。
Unit 9 Things and People
Language focuses in this unit:
◆定冠词、不定冠词、方位介词
◆如何问路、如何指路
◆动词短语
◆描述人的外貌和性格
I. 定冠词、不定冠词、方位介词
★ 定冠词和不定冠词
在商店、处所的名称前用定冠词the ，表明在附近
只有一家这样的商店或者处所。如果所谈的商店或
处所不是具体的哪一处，则用不定冠词a/an。
e.g. The bus stop is outside the post office.
The supermarket is next to the chemist’s.
There is a supermarket opposite the
station and a supermarket near a bank.
☆ 方位介词
在指路时会经常用到下列表示方位的介词 或介词词组
next to 紧靠…旁边
e.g. The supermarket is next to the chemist’s.
near 靠近，在附近
e.g. The bank is near the station.
between 在…中间
e.g. The bank is between the post office and the café.
opposite 在…对面
e.g. There’s a supermarket opposite the station.
outside 在外面
e.g. The bus stop is outside the post office.
on the corner 在拐角处
e.g. The bank is on the corner, near
the station.
II. 问路及指路
常用的问路句式为：
Where is the nearest + 场所 ?
Where is + 场所 ?
Is there + a/an + 场所 ?
e.g. Where is the nearest
supermarket, please ?
Where is the bus stop, please ?
Is there a bank near here ?
★ 如何指路 ?
e.g. The supermarket is over there, outside
the café.
The bus stop is outside the greengrocer’s.
Yes, the bank is on the corner, near the
station.
Yes, there is. There’s a bank on the
corner, near the station.
I ’m sorry. I don’t know.
★ 问路及指路 ii
刚我们就具体地点问路与指路，
现在我们就乘车问路与指路：
e.g. 问：How do I get there ?
How do I get to the bus station ?
答：You take the number 38 bus.
问：Where do I get on ?
答：You get on at the greengrocer’s.
问：Where do I get off ?
答：You get off at the bus station.
III. 动词短语
动词短语是固定词组，由动词加介词或副词组成，起作用相当于一个动词，需整体记忆。 e.g. They get up at 10 o’clock.(起床)
They get on the bus at the station.(上车)
They get on well together.(相处)
They get off the bus at the swimming
pool.(下车)
I must get off to work.(动身，离开)
Sam gets about a lot. He’s in London today
and last week he was in Edinburgh.(走动，旅行)
This rainy weather gets me down.(使人情绪低落)
我们还学过很多类似的动词词组（详见课本Page 108）
IV. 描述人的外貌和性格
询问人的外貌可用What does he look like ?意为
“他长什么样儿？”。look like意为“外貌特征是…”
e.g. What does he look like ?
He ’s tall and he has got short, brown wavy hair with blue eyes and a short beard. 描述人的外貌，可以参考下面句式：
☆ I ’m/He’s/She’s short/tall/slim/quite big/
overweight/average weight/one metre seventy. ☆ I have (got)/He has (got)/She has (got) blue/ brown/black eyes.
I have (got)/He has (got)/She has (got) black/brown/dark/fair/grey/short/long/ curly/wavy/straight hair.
He has (got) a black beard.
☆ I wear/He/She wears glasses.
询问人的性格特征可用What ’s he like ?意为“他 （性格/长相）有什么特点？”
e.g. What’s he like ?
He ’s very nice and kind. He’s quite outgoing and talkative-very friendly.
描述人的性格特征，可以参考下面句式： I ’m very outgoing.
Jane is very confident.
My neighbours are very kind.
Unit 10 An Invitation Language focuses in this unit:
表达提议、请求他人做某事
可数与不可数名词，表达数量，动词need how many / how much和some / any的用法 I. 表达提议，请求他人做某事
☆ 我们之前学过的表达提议的句型有：
1. Would you like sth. ?
2. Would you like to do sth. ?
3. Would you like sb. to do sth. ?
4. Shall I do sth. ?
5. I’ll do sth..
e.g. Would you like me to buy some books ?
Would you like him to help you ?
Shall I get some bananas ?
Shall I call you at 7 o’clock ?
I ’ll tell your father.
☆ 表达请求
表达请求的句子构成：
1. Could + 主语 + 动词 ？
e.g. Could you do me a favor ?
Could you help me finish the homework ?
Could I have some oranges ?
2. Can + 主语 + 动词 ？
e.g. Can you get some apples for me ?
Can I have some bananas ?
3. I + would + like + 宾语 + to do sth..
e.g. I would like you to get some water.
II. 可数与不可数名词，表达数量， 动词need
☆ 可数名词(c)与不可数名词(u)
e.g. apple是可数名词，其复数形式是apples
又比如 an apple, six apples, some apples,lots of apples
再来看其它一些可数名词及其复数形式：
e.g. peas，oranges ，lychees ，cups ，kilos
e.g. tea, milk, water都是不可数名词，我们学过的不可数名词还有food ，toast ，oil ，coffee ， juice ，rice 。可数名词与不可数名词都可以用some 来修饰。
☆ 表达数量 不论是可数名词还是不可数名词，如果要用一个量来修饰时，要用of 。
e.g. a kilo of rice 一千克米
a carton of cream 一盒奶油
a bottle of wine 一瓶酒
a can of peas 一罐豌豆
a tin of lychees 一罐荔枝
two packets of prawns 两包虾
two cups of tea 两杯茶
★在餐馆点咖啡或茶时，可以说two coffees或twoteas ，意为two cups of coffee, two cups of tea. ☆ 动词need
1. 主语 + need + to do sth.，表示“需要做某事”。
e.g. I need to buy some oil.
You need to have a rest.
She needs to pay an attention.
2. 主语 + need + sth.，表示“需要某物”。
e.g. I need your help.
We need money.
He needs a bottle of wine.
★ 否定形式需要加don ’t 或者doesn ’t 。
e.g. I don’t need to buy this book.
She doesn’t need your help.
III. How many/much和some/any的用法
☆ How many … ? 和How much … ?(提问数量多少)
How many … ? 用于可数名词：
e.g. How many apples do you want ?
How many oranges would you like ?
How many lychees are there in a tin ?
How much … ? 用于不可数名词：
e.g. How much rice do we need ?
How much milk shall I get ?
How much water would you like ?
★ 询问价格的时候，用How much … ?
e.g. How much are these apples ?
☆ some 和any 的用法 some 和any 都表示不确定的量，意思是“一些”，
可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 some 多用于肯定句中：
e.g. We want some water.
I need some milk.
any 多用于疑问句和否定句：
e.g. Do they need any help ?
We don’t want any water.
★ 疑问句中有时也用some ，不用any ：
e.g. Would you like some water ?
Unit 11 How are you settling in ?
Language focuses in this unit:
△询问他人的看法、意见；表示同意他人的意见
△表示兴趣和爱好（或不喜好）；谈论电视节目
△表示顺序的副词；how 的用法
△why 和because ；动词lend 、borrow
•询问他人的看法、意见；表示同意他人意见的用法
☆ 询问他人的看法、意见（提出自己的意见）
① What do you think of + 名词或动词ing 形式 ?
e.g. What do you think of living in Shantou ?
What do you think of the food here ?
② Do you think (that) + 句子 ?
e.g. Do you think (that) Shantou is beautiful ?
Do you think (that) he is smart ?
△ 提出自己的意见
I think (that) + 句子.
e.g. I think (that) you are right.
I think (that) we should take this way.
☆ 表达同意他人意见的用法
So am I./ So do I./ So have I. “我也…”
Neither am I./ Neither do I./ Neither have I. ”我也不…”
e.g. I am enjoying the vocation.
So am I.
I am not enjoying the vocation.
Neither am I.
e.g. I like banana.
So do I.
I don’t like banana.
Neither do I.
e.g. I have got a car.
So have I.
I haven’t got a car.
Neither have I.
△ So am/do/have I. 都可以用Me too.代替。
△ Neither am/do/have I. 都可以用Me neither.代替。
II. 表示兴趣和爱好（或不喜好）；谈论电视节目
① prefer 的用法 prefer sth. “喜欢某物” prefer A to B “比起B 更喜欢A ”
（A 、B 可以是名词、也可以是动词ing 形式，前后必须一致。）
e.g. I prefer apple to pear.
I prefer surfing online to watching TV.
② 涉及兴趣、爱好的动词有like ，love ，prefer ，enjoy ，hate （讨厌）等，这些动词后面都要跟一个名词、代词或动词ing 形式。
e.g. I love Shantou.
I like it.
I hate shopping.
△ (like，love ，hate ，prefer 后可接to do sth.，但enjoy 后只能接动词ing 形式)
e.g. I like/love/hate/prefer to sit alone.
I enjoy sitting alone.
③ 涉及兴趣、爱好和擅长的词组有：
be interested in “对…感兴趣”
e.g. I’m interested in travelling.
be good at “擅长于…”
e.g. I’m good at English.
be keen on “热衷于…”
e.g. He’s keen on it.
(这类词组后用名词、代词或者动词ing 形式)
☆ 谈论电视节目
be on的意思是电影或电视节目“上演、上映”
e.g. What time is the programme on ?
There is a film on tonight.
III. 表示顺序的副词；how 的用法
☆ 表示顺序的副词
first(首先) ，next(其次) ，after that(之后) ，then(然后) ，finally(最后)
e.g. First I walk to the bus stop. Next I take
the bus. After that I get off the bus. Then
I take a taxi. Finally I get to my office.
☆ how 的用法how 如果与show, know等动词连用，后面加不定式构成 how to do sth.
e.g. Can you show me how to get there ?
I don’t know how to solve the problem.
IV. why和because ；动词lend 、borrow
☆ why 和because 询问原因的问句以why 开头，答句以because 开头
e.g. Why do you like living in Shantou ?
Because it is very green.
☆ 动词lend 、borrow lend 意为“借给，借出去”；borrow 则是“借来，向别人借”
lend sb. sth (sth.不能是代词)= lend sth. to sb.
borrow sth. from sb.
e.g. Will you lend me your car ?
Will you lend your car to me?
I ’ll borrow a book from him.
Unit 13 Keeping Fit
Language focuses in this unit:
•表达时间的介词
•what 和which 的用法
•时间表达法
•描述情感和经历
•be 的过去式
I. 表达时间的介词
1. at 表示“在…时刻”，与表示具体钟点或某一时刻
的词搭配使用。
e.g. We open at seven and close at ten.
at 也可以表示“在…期间”，后面接节假日或长于
一天的一段时期。
e.g. at Christmas at New Year at night
at the weekend(在周末) at weekends(每逢周末)
2. from…to 表示“从…到”
e.g. We open from Monday to Friday.
from …till 表示“从…直到为止”
e.g. We open from May till September.
between …and 表示“在…之间”
e.g. We open between seven and ten.
3. on 表示“在…时候”，与日期、星期搭配使用。
e.g. I leave on 26th May.
She leaves on Saturday.
4. in 表示“在…期间”，与具体的年代月份季节或一天中的某个时段搭配使用。
e.g. The postman comes in the morning(s).
My children play in the street in the daytime.
II. What和Which 的用法
what 表示”什么、什么样的”，which 表示“哪个、哪些”，两个词都表示在多种可能性当中选择，但what 没有一个选择范围。
e.g. What do you want to do today ?
What do you eat for lunch ?
e.g. Which museum do you want to go ?
Which of these two do you prefer ?
III. 时间表达法
☆ this/next/the…after 可以表达时间
e.g. this month/next month/the month after next
this week/next week/the week after next
this year/next year/the year after next
☆ 注意以下时间的表达法
e.g. today/tomorrow/the day after tomorrow
IV. 描述情感和经历
☆ 描述情感描述情感或感受，常用动词feel
e.g. How do you feel ? Tired and I’d like a drink.
How does she feel ? She feels excited.
描述感受的形容词中有一部分由动词的-ing 形式或-ed
形式转化而来。前者通常带有主动含义，用来描述事件
或某项活动本身的特征；后者通常带有被动含义，用来
描述人的感觉。（详见课本P162）
☆ 描述经历
What was …like ?和How was … ? 可以用来询问他人对所经历之事的总体感觉。
e.g. What was the meal like ?
How was the meal ?
What was the party like ?
How was the party ?
V. Be的过去式
be 的过去式用于描述过去的经历。构成如下：
肯定句 否定句
I was… I was not (wasn’t) …
You were… You were not (weren’t) …
He/She/It was… He/She/It was not (wasn’t) …
We were… We were not (weren’t) …
They were… They were not (weren’t) …
一般疑问句和简略回答
Was I … ?
Yes, I was. / No, I was not (wasn’t).
Were you … ?
Yes, you were. / No, you were not (weren’t).
Was he/she/it … ?
Yes, he/she/it was. / No, he/she/it was not (wasn’t).
Were we … ?
Yes, we were. / No, we were not (weren’t).
Were they … ?
Yes, they were. / No, they were not(weren’t).
Unit 14 A New Member of Staff
Language focuses in this unit:
•表示能力
•形容词的比较级
•描述技能和兴趣
•现在进行时表示将来
I. Can 表示能力 can 可以用来表示由体力、知识或技能所产生的能力。
e.g. You can make yourself clear.
He can’t understand what you said.
Can you read this message ?
II. 形容词的比较级
☆ 形容词比较级的规则变化：
1. 在单音节词末尾加er e.g. fast – faster smart – smarter
2. 单音节词以 e 结尾，只加 r e.g. large - larger
3. 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加er
e.g. hot – hotter wet – wetter
4. 少数以–y 结尾的双音节词，末尾加 er （如y 前是辅音字母，则变y 为i ，再加 er ）
e.g. happy – happier easy – easier
5. 其他双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more
e.g. beautiful – more beautiful difficult – more difficult
☆ 形容词的不规则变化： e.g. good – better bad - worse
☆ 表示二者的比较时常用形容词的比较级 + than的结构：
e.g. His Chinese is better than his wife’s.
☆ 比较级前常用的修饰语比较级前常用 a bit / a little（一点）,much / a lot（非常），等词语表示程度。 e.g. My father is a little older than my mother.
She is much smarter than her sister.
III. 描述技能和兴趣描述技能和兴趣，常用以下结构：
1. be good (better) at 表示“在…擅长（更擅长）”
e.g. He is good at English, but his friend is betterat English than him.
2. be bad (worse) at 表示“在…能力差（能力更差）”
e.g. I ’m bad at listening, but he is worse than me.
3. be （more / less）interested in 表示“对做某事更感兴趣 / 缺少兴趣”
e.g. My mother is more interested in Tai Chi than me.
Fiona is less interested in computer than him.
IV. 现在进行时表示将来现在进行时除表示现在外，还可以表示最近的将来即将
发生的事情，常有“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、“计划”的 含义。
e.g. She ’s leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
I ’m staying in hotel till tomorrow.
Unit 15 A Wedding Reception
Language focuses in this unit:
✓可数n. 和不可数n. ，表示数量“过多”和“足够”
✓带双宾语的动词
✓一般将来时表示预测或将来的事实
✓动作、事件发生的频率；表示义务
I. 可数名词和不可数名词；表示数量“过多”和“足够”。
☆ 可数n. 和不可数n. 见书P182 ☆表示数量“过多”和“足够”:too many too much enough too many + 可数名词 too much + 不可数名词皆表示某事物的量过多，高于正常标准或所需。 e.g. He has too much money.
There are too many orange trees in this field. enough + 可数、不可数名词
e.g. There is enough water.
There aren’t enough seats for all the students. enough 还可单独使用，作表语：
e.g. Sixty students are enough.
II. 带双宾语的动词
e.g. I ’ll make it for you.
it 是直接宾语，表示动作的直接结果；you 是间接 宾语，表示动作的目标。
1. 间接宾语一般置于直接宾语前，如需放直接宾语后面，则需要用to 、for 、from 引出间接宾语。 e.g. I ’ll give him a book.
I ’ll give a book to him.
2. 如直接宾语或间接宾语为代词时，则需用介词to 、for 、from 引出间接宾语。
e.g. He’ll pay for them for her.
We ’ll send it to them.
3. 当直接宾语为不定代词时，间接宾语位置不限。
e.g. I can get some for you.
I can get you some.
III. 一般将来时表示预测或将来的事实
☆ 一般将来时可用来预测可能发生的事情
e.g. How much will we need ?
We ’ll need 15 kilos.
☆ 一般将来时表示将来的事实
e.g. That ’ll be 20 pounds.
My mother’ll need more care.
IV. 表示动作、事件发生的频率；表示义务
☆ 表示动作、事件发生的次数或频率，可用以下结构：
1. 次数 + a day/week/month/year表示”每天/周/月/年…次“
e.g. I go to travel twice a year.
I have class once a week.
2. every + day/morning/afternoon/week/year表示”每天/每天上午/每天下午/每周/每月/每年“ e.g. I have milk for breakfast every day.
They do exercise every morning.
☆ 表示义务 have to do 表示”有义务，有责任“做某事，”不得不“ 做某事。
e.g. You have to listen to your mother.
They don’t have to say sorry.
Do we have to buy some oranges ?
Unit 1 Talking about people
☆ Introducing Yourself（your information）
•I ’m … e.g. I ’m Mr.Lin.
•My name is … e.g. My name is Linbo.
•I ’m from …/I come from…
e.g. I ’m from China./I come from China.
•I ’m + 职业. e.g. I ’m a teacher.
•I work for … e.g. I work for this university.
VI. I live in … e.g. I live in Shantou.
☆ How to ask someone’s information(And how to answer)
I. What ’s your name (please)?
I am (I’m) … / My name is …
II. Where are you from? / Where do you come from?
I am (I’m) from … / I come from …
III. What do you do? / What is your job?
I am (I’m) + 职业.
IV. How old are you?/ What’s your age?
I am (I’m) + 年龄.
☆人称代词以及动词to be的用法
•I am from China. We are Chinese.
•You are my teacher. You are doctors.
•He is a manager.
•She is a nurse. They are Americans.
•It is a dog.
注意：这些句子的否定句在动词be 后加not
而疑问句则将be 提前后加问号
e.g. They are students.
否：They are not students.
疑：Are they students?
名词所有格及名词单复数
•E.g. Sally ’s friend is Greek.
John ’s father is Chinese.
The manager’s home is in London
What is Polly’s job?
通俗一点来说，名词所有格就是“XXX 的”。
•名词复数规则变化：
1. 大部分名词直接在名词后面加s ，e.g.
job → jobs apple → apples
2. 以辅音+y结尾的名词，去y 加ies
e.g. baby → babies
以元音+y结尾的名词，直接加s
• e.g. day → days
3. 以-ch,-sh,-s,-x,-z 为结尾的单词，
在单词后面加es
e.g. box → boxes bus → buses
4. 以-f ，-fe 为结尾的单词，去-f,-fe 加ves
e.g. life → lives half → halves
名词复数不规则变化 (只能死记硬背╮(╯_╰) ╭) ：
e.g. man → men woman → women
child → children foot → feet
tooth → teeth goose → geese
动词第三人称单数
在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，动词形式要用
第三人称单数现在式，其构成是在动词后+s
e.g. He lives in London.
Mary works for an IT company.
The manager likes swimming.
动词to like
表示喜欢做某事，可以用like+doing,或者like+to do
e.g. I like playing football.（永久的喜欢）
I like to play football.（暂时性的喜欢）
不定冠词 a / an
以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前+a
e.g. a teacher a student
以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前+an
e.g. an apple an artist
_ university [,ju:ni’v ə:siti] _ hour [’au ə]
与work 连用的介词
work with / for / in / at
e.g. I work with David in the same company.（与某人共事）
I work for an IT company.（为…工作）
I work in Beijing. {在某个地方工作（大地方）}
I work at school. {在某个地方工作（小地方）}
Unit 2 Meeting and Greeting
Language focuses in this unit:
问候 & 问好
行为动词的否定形式 & 动词第三人称单数的变化 & 行为动词疑问句句子构成
时间表达法
表达时间的介词
频度副词 & 表达“请求、提议”的句子构成
I. Greeting (问候)
① Hello ! Hi ! How do you do?
Nice to meet you !
Glad to meet you !
Pleased to meet you !
② Good morning ! Good afternoon !
Good evening ! Good night !
③ How are you ? Fine , thanks .
Very well , thank you .
Fine , and you ?
II. 行为动词的否定形式、动词第三人称单数的变化、行为动词疑问句构成
★行为动词的否定形式由 do not (don’t) 和
does not (doesn’t) + 动词原形构成
e.g. I like playing football .
↓
I don’t like playing football .
He likes playing football .
↓
He doesn’t like playing football.
除了第三人称单数后用 doesn ’t ，其余用 don ’t 。
★什么是第三人称单数？
简单一点来说，第三人称单数就是
除了 I 和 you 以外的单个人或事物。
◆ 人称代词 e.g. he / she / it
◆ 单个人名 e.g. Wang Bing 、Mr. Lin
◆ 单个事物 e.g. the school 、that cat
◆ 单个称谓关系 e.g. my father、his friend
★动词第三人称单数的规则变化
（一般现在时）
1. 一般动词直接 + s
e.g. read → reads write → writes
2. 以-ch 、-sh 、-s 、-x 或-o 结尾的动词, 词尾 + es
e.g. teach → teaches finish → finishes
guess → guesses fix → fixes go → goes
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词, 去 y + ies
e.g. fly → flies carry → carries
以元音字母 + y结尾的动词，直接 + s
e.g. pay → pays say → says
★行为动词的疑问句构成
★行为动词作谓语的一般疑问句需用助动词 do /does ，并置于主语前，第三人称单数用 does ，其他人称用 do
e.g. You eat in the canteen at lunchtime .
↓ (判断第几人称，决定用哪个助动词)
Do you eat in the canteen at lunchtime ?
He likes playing football .
↓ (同上)
Does he like playing football ?
肯定回答：Yes , I do . / Yes , he does .
否定回答：No , I don’t . / No , he doesn’t.
III. 时间表达法以及
一些表达时间的介词
★时间表达法
㈠ 表达离整点还差1~29分钟的用 to
e.g. 9:40(差20分到10点) → twenty to ten
㈡ 表达整点过1~30分钟的用 past
e.g. 12:10(12点过了10分钟) → ten past twelve
㈢ 表达“一刻钟（15分钟）”可用 a quarter
表达“半小时”可用 half
e.g. 5:15 → a quarter past five
5:45 → a quarter to six
5:30 → half past five (没有half to six)
㈣ 12小时制 午前用am, 午后用pm, 正午没am 跟pm 之分
e.g. 早上9点 → 9 am 晚上9点 → 9 pm
凌晨1点 → 1 am 下午1点 → 1 pm
正午 → at noon
o(╯3╰)o 接上页
㈤ 所有时间都可以简略地说成：X 时X 分
e.g. 10：12 ten twelve
15: 48 fifteen forty-eight
★ 时间介词
at 表示在某点时间（在... 时刻）
e.g. She arrives at 7 o’clock.
in 表示在某段时间 (在... 时期)
e.g. I work in the morning/afternoon/evening.
on 表示日期，星期几或星期几的上下午、晚上
e.g. on Sunday on Monday evening
on January 1st
o(╯3╰)o 接上页
for 表示某事物持续的时间
e.g. I go swimming on Tuesdays for two hours.
from …to … 表示从某点到另外一点的持续时间
e.g. He works from 8 o’clock in the morning to
6 o’clock in the afternoon.
IV. 频度副词以及表示请求、提议的句子构成
★常见的频度副词
never （从不）、sometimes （有时）、often （经常）、 usually （通常）、always （总是）
要注意的是频度副词在句子中的位置:
1. 在动词 be 之后
e.g. I’m usually ill on planes .
Are you usually at home on Monday ?
2. 在行为动词之前
e.g. I sometimes work on Friday .
She sometimes go to London .
3. 在含有助动词do/does,don’t/doesn’t 的句子中，
置于助动词之后，行为动词之前
e.g. He doesn’t always work on Tuesday.
I don’t always go to school by bus.
★表达请求建议的句子构成
表达请求： Could you do sth. ?
e.g. Could you call me at 7 o’clock , please ?
Could you give me a hand ?
回答：Yes , of course . / Certainly . / Sure .
No , sorry .
表达建议： Would you like (to do) sth. ?
e.g. Would you like a cup of tea ?
Would you like to have a coffee ?
回答：Yes , please . / No , thank you .
Unit 3 What do you do ?
Language focuses in this unit :
✓ 介绍第三方、表示“提议”句子构成的延伸
✓
✓
✓ 序数词的表达 不定冠词、定冠词以及指示代词的运用 There be句子结构
Cultural Note
X.O. extra old 特陈
V.S.O.P. very superior old pale 非常陈旧的白兰地
aquavit 白兰地 cooktail 鸡尾酒 tequila 龙舌兰 whisky 威士忌
vodka 伏特加 Henessy ( 轩尼诗 ) Jack Daniels ( 杰克丹尼 )
Johnnie Walker ( 尊尼获加 )
I. 介绍第三方以及表达“提议”句子结构的延伸
★ 介绍第三方当向第二方介绍第三方时，常用”This is+人名”，而后面则可用第一方与第三方的关系来补充说明。
e.g. This is Stephen , my roommate .
This is Fiona , my girlfriend .
☆ 表达“提议”句子结构的延伸
上单元我们提到过表示“提议”的句子：
① Would you like sth. ?
② Would you like to do sth. ?
would you like 前 + what 形成 ：
1. What would you like ?
2. What would you like to do ?
( 其中do 可以是任何动词的原型 )
e.g. What would you like , Kitty ?
I would like ( I’d ) some bread .
What would you like to drink ?
I would like ( I’d ) a cup of milk .
II. 序数词表达法 序数词的构成多数序数词由基数词加”-th “构成
e.g. four → fourth six → sixth hundred → hundredth
有些序数词加”-th “时拼法不规则
e.g. fifth 、twelfth （先将基数词中的-ve 改成-f ，再加-th ）
e.g. eighth （基数词后加-h ）
e.g. ninth （去掉基数词中的-e ，再加-th ）
e.g. twentieth 、thirtieth 、fortieth 、fiftieth 、sixtieth 、
seventieth 、eightieth 、ninetieth （将基数词中的-y 改成-ie ，再加-th ）
▲ 特殊的序数词
e.g. first （第一）、second （第二）、third （第三）
▲ 序数词的简写形式
e.g. first 1st second 2ndthird 3rd fourth 4thAttention !
第二十二 twenty-second 第三十一 thirty-first
第四十三 forty-third 第五十八 fifty-eighth
III. （不）定冠词以及指示代词
★ 不定冠词a/an（注解请看书o(╯□╰)o ）
e.g. 1. I’m a teacher .（我是一名老师，老师行列中的一员）
2. He’s an engineer .（他是名工程师，建筑 团队中众多工程师里的其中一位）
★定冠词the 可与可数名词的单复数及不可数名词搭配，指独一无二的事物或已被提及的人或物。包括以下几种情况：
1. 自然现象的名词
e.g. the sun the moon the ocean
2. 乐器名词
e.g. the piano the violin
3. 形容词的最高级前
e.g. the biggest the longest the cleverest
4. 姓氏的复数表示”这一姓氏的一家人“
e.g. the Smiths the Adams
★指示代词this/these,that/those
this/these 指离说话人比较近的物品
that/those 指离说话人较远的物品
★都可与名词连用或直接使用
e.g. Hello ! This is my friend , Paul .
These people are very kind .
指示代词可用于表达对比的意义：
e.g. This is my mother . That is her mother .
These are my books . Those are his .
IV. There be 句子结构 表示”在某处有/存在……“可用there is/ there are结构
e.g. There is a plane in the sky.
There are some ducks in the river.
而there be 结构的疑问句则是将 be 提前
e.g. Is there a plane in the sky ?
Are there any ducks in the river ?
简略回答：
Yes,there is./No,there isn’t(there is not).
Yes,there are./No,there aren’t(there are not).
Unit 4 Families and Occupations
Languages focuses in this unit:
谈论工作
表示“拥有”的用法
现在进行时态
一、谈论工作
工作主要涉及职业、工作地点、工作领域等。
•职业 注意在职业前+不定冠词a/an
e.g. an engineer a doctor
She is an accountant.
His father is a doctor.
•工作地点 注意在工作地点前+不定冠词a/an
或定冠词the
e.g. His girlfriend works in the same
school with me.
My father works in an office in
Shantou.
3. 工作领域谈及工作领域时，如banking 、teaching 、computers ，在领域前用介词in e.g. She works in insurance.
He works in IT.
I works in education.
☆ 在Unit 1里，我们提过询问工作的句子：
What do/does sb. do ?
What ’s sb.’s job?
e.g. What do your parents do ?
What are your parents’ jobs ?
回答：1. I ’m an accountant.
2. They work in a bank.
二、表示“拥有”的用法
I have got some brothers and sisters.
I haven’t got any brothers or sisters.
表示“拥有”可用 have got或have ，二者意思一样
（第三人称单数用has got或has ）
e.g. I have got a car.
Have you got a car ?
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
I have (not) got a car.
I have a car.
Do you have a car ?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
I don’t have a car.
三、现在进行时态
现在进行时（1）
表示此刻正在发生的事情或正在进行的动作
句子结构：主语 + be（随主语变化）+ 动词-ing 形式 + 其它句子成分
e.g. He is reading a book.
Is he reading a book ?
Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
He isn’t reading a book.
☆ 特殊疑问句的现在进行时疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing 形式+其它句子成分 ? e.g. What are you doing ?
Where is he reading a book ?
What are they eating ?
现在进行时（2）
现在进行时也可以表示这段时期正在进行的活动，而此时此刻这个活动并未进行。
e.g. He ’s learning how to drive a car these three months, but right now he is having class. （他这段时间在学开车，但此时此刻他在上课。）
He ’s having a MBA course this summer, but he’s on vocation at home now. （他这个暑假在读MBA 课程，可现在在家休假。）
Unit 5 Flat Hunting
Language focuses in this unit:
澄清意思
提出建议
询问价格
复习（表示“拥有”的用法、现在进行时、there be句子结构）
I. 澄清意思
★ 询问一件物品是什么意思，用动词mean ， 回答主语可以用代词it 代替。
e.g. What does “CEO ” mean ?
It means Chief Executive Officer.
“Lge ”—What does it mean ?
It means large.
Does “sml ” mean small ? Yes, it does.
Does “am ” mean afternoon ?
No, it means morning.
II. 提出建议 我们前个单元学过表示“建议”的句子结构：
Would you like sth. / to do sth. ?
e.g. Would you like a cup of tea ?
Would you like to have a rest ?
提出建议还可以用以下句型：
★ What / How about + 动词-ing 形式 +其他句子成分 ?
e.g. What about flying a kite ?
How about going out for a walk ?
★ Why don’t you / Why not + 动词原形 + 其他句子成分 ?
e.g. Why don’t you take a break ?
Why not turn on the light ?
简略回答：Well, I don’t know.
(That’s a) good idea ! / It sounds great !
III. 询问价格
询问价格需用How much开头，有两种句型：
★ How much be + 被询问的物品 ?
e.g. How much are the apples ?
How much is the car ?
简略回答： They are 4 yuan per kilo.
It ’s 200 thousand yuan.
★ How much do / does + 被询问的物品+ cost ?
e.g. How much do the apples cost ?
How much does the car cost ?
简略回答：They cost 4 yuan per kilo.
It costs 200 thousand yuan.
IV. Review
一、表示“拥有” 用have got 或has got
e.g. It has got a garden.
It hasn’t got a garden.
Has it got a garden ?
Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
二、现在进行时
1. 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情或正在进行的
动作；
2. 表示这一段时期正在进行的活动，而此时此
刻这个活动可能并没有进行。
e.g. The lift isn’t working.
I ’m learning how to drive a car at
the moment, but I am having my
class right now.
三、There be 句型
e.g. There are 30 students in the classroom.
There is a computer in this classroom.
Unit 7 Making Appointments
Language focuses in this unit:
● 询问花费多长时间
● 交通方式以及表达地点的介词
● 表达批评（带有抱怨语气）的句子
● 打电话用语
● 安排约会
I. 询问做某事花费了多长时间
询问做某事花费多长时间要用疑问词how long,
表示“多久”，动词用take 或者cost ，表示“花费（时间）。 ”
e.g. How long does it take to go to yourschool ?
How long does the trip take ?
回答：It takes + 时间 + for sb. + to do sth.
Sth. takes + 时间
e.g. It takes half an hour for me to finish my work.
The trip takes two hours.
▲ It costs sb. + 时间 + to do sth.
e.g. It costs me half an hour to finish mywork.
II. 交通方式以及表达地点的介词
☆ 交通方式
1. 用介词by+交通工具
e.g. by bike/by bus/by sea/by air/by train(注意“步行”是on foot)
2. 用动词take+交通工具
e.g. take a plane/take a bus/take a taxi
☆ 表示地点的介词
1. at 常用语具体的地址或地点前
e.g. I live at 14 Perry Avenue, London.
I ’ll meet you at the airport.
2. in 常与街道或较大的地区连用，也常与房间、房屋、公寓连用
e.g. I live in Perry Street, in London.
He is in the living room.
She works in her flat.
3. on 常与楼层连用
e.g. I live on the third floor.
III. 表达批评（带有抱怨语气）的句子
常用的句式是 “ too+形容词 ” 或 “ not+形容词 +enough ”，表示“太…”，“不够…”
☆ too + 形容词 表示“太…”
e.g. The house is too far from my school.
The living room is too dark.
☆ not + 形容词 + enough 表示“不够…”
e.g. The table is not big enough for us.
The room isn’t bright enough.
▲ It ’s too + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示“太…而不能做某事”
e.g. He is too fat to run.
I ’m too tired to continue working.
IV. 打电话用语
1. 介绍自己（一般来电者会先介绍自己）
e.g. Henry speaking.
This is Henry speaking.
(句前可加”Hello! Good morning/afternoon!”) 等
2. 询问来电者
e.g. Who’s calling, please ?
3. 询问接电话者
e.g. Is that Tom ?
Is that you, Tom ?
4. 接听找人电话
e.g. One moment, please./Hold on, please.
Sorry, wrong number.
Sorry, I’m afraid he/she is not in.
Sorry, I’m afraid he/she is out.
5. 请人接听电话
e.g. Could/Can I speak to Tom, please ?
Is Tom there, please ?
6. 留口信
e.g. Could/Can I take a message, please ?
Could/Can you leave a message for me ?
V. 安排约会
1. 建议具体时间和日期
e.g. How about 6 o’clock ?
Is 6 o’clock okay ?
What about Friday ?
Are you free on Sunday ?
2. 表示同意或者不同意的应答
e.g. Yes, 6 o’clock is fine.
Yes, Friday is okay.
No, I’m afraid I’m not free.
No, I’m sorry. I’m busy.
3. 确认约会时间
e.g. Okay, see you at 6 o’clock on Sunday.
Unit 8 Moving In
Language focuses in this unit:
✓情态动词can/can’t 表示“允许”，“不允许”
✓行为动词的一般现在时&现在进行时
✓谈论天气以及描述城市
✓表示方位的介词
✓祈使句的句子结构
•情态动词can 表示“允许”，否定
形式表示“不允许”
can 是情态动词，表示“允许”，后面接动词原型，
否定形式为cannot 或can ’t ，表示“不允许”
e.g. You can smoke in the garden.
You can’t be noisy.
can 的一般疑问句，将can 提前
e.g. Can I bring friends back ?
Can I use your dictionary ?
回答：Yes, you can./No, I’m afraid
you can’t. (注意否定回答需用委婉语气
I ’m afraid, 详见课本Cultural Note)
II. 行为动词的一般现在时&现在进行时
★ 在Unit 1和Unit 2中学习过行为动词的
一般现在时
肯定句：主语+动词原型（注意第三人称单数动词+s）
e.g. I live in Shantou.
She works in IT.
否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原型
e.g. I don’t live in Shantou.
She doesn’t work in IT.
一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形
e.g. Do you live in Shantou ?
Does she work in IT ?
一般现在时与现在进行时
e.g. I usually start work at 9 o’clock. （一般）
I cook for my family. （一般）
He is cooking. （现在）
I ’m working now. （现在）
☆ 其中有些动词只用于一般时态，不用于进行时，它们表示相对静止的物质，
心理以及情感状态，称为状态动词。
e.g. be-He is Chinese. have-I have two books.
love-I love coffee. like-I like apples.
hate-I hate that ugly person.
think-I think you are right.
III. 谈论天气、描述城市
① 谈论天气
描述当前的天气状况（weather ）可用一般现在时和现在进行时，询问天气状况常用What ’s the weather like in + 某地？/How’s the weather in + 某地？
回答用 It ’s + 形容词. 或 It ’s + 动词-ing. 等。
e.g. What’s the weather like in Shantou ?
How ’s the weather in Shantou ?
It ’s rainy. / It’s raining.
It ’s sunny. / The sun is shining.
（具体关于天气的形容词跟动词见课本）
当谈论一个地方的气候（climate ）时，通常用
一般现在时而不用现在进行时
e.g. It often rains in summer in England.
It is often sunny in autumn.
② 描述城市
询问城市情况，可以用What ’s + 城镇名称 + like ?
提问。
e.g. What’s London like?
回答： It ’s beautiful / ugly / big / small / busy
/ calm / clean / dirty (polluted) /
crowded / empty / safe / dangerous
/ well-organised / chaotic .
IV. 表示方位的介词
on 在…上面
There is a book on the desk.
above 在…之上
There is a picture above the table.
in 在…里面
The laptop is in the suitcase.
next to 与…相邻
I ’ll put the small table next to the bed.
in front of 在…前面（不包含）
There are some trees in front of the
building.
in the front of 在…前面（包含）
I ’m sitting in the front of the classroom.
behind 在…后面
There are three men waiting behind us.
under 在…下面
The football is under the chair.
V. 祈使句的结构
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子
叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令。
祈使句的肯定形式用动词原形
e.g. Put it on the table.
Stand up, please !
祈使句的否定式用Don ’t + 动词原形
e.g. Don’t smoke in the room, please.
☆ please 表示委婉语气，可以放在句子最前面。
Unit 9 Things and People
Language focuses in this unit:
◆定冠词、不定冠词、方位介词
◆如何问路、如何指路
◆动词短语
◆描述人的外貌和性格
I. 定冠词、不定冠词、方位介词
★ 定冠词和不定冠词
在商店、处所的名称前用定冠词the ，表明在附近
只有一家这样的商店或者处所。如果所谈的商店或
处所不是具体的哪一处，则用不定冠词a/an。
e.g. The bus stop is outside the post office.
The supermarket is next to the chemist’s.
There is a supermarket opposite the
station and a supermarket near a bank.
☆ 方位介词
在指路时会经常用到下列表示方位的介词 或介词词组
next to 紧靠…旁边
e.g. The supermarket is next to the chemist’s.
near 靠近，在附近
e.g. The bank is near the station.
between 在…中间
e.g. The bank is between the post office and the café.
opposite 在…对面
e.g. There’s a supermarket opposite the station.
outside 在外面
e.g. The bus stop is outside the post office.
on the corner 在拐角处
e.g. The bank is on the corner, near
the station.
II. 问路及指路
常用的问路句式为：
Where is the nearest + 场所 ?
Where is + 场所 ?
Is there + a/an + 场所 ?
e.g. Where is the nearest
supermarket, please ?
Where is the bus stop, please ?
Is there a bank near here ?
★ 如何指路 ?
e.g. The supermarket is over there, outside
the café.
The bus stop is outside the greengrocer’s.
Yes, the bank is on the corner, near the
station.
Yes, there is. There’s a bank on the
corner, near the station.
I ’m sorry. I don’t know.
★ 问路及指路 ii
刚我们就具体地点问路与指路，
现在我们就乘车问路与指路：
e.g. 问：How do I get there ?
How do I get to the bus station ?
答：You take the number 38 bus.
问：Where do I get on ?
答：You get on at the greengrocer’s.
问：Where do I get off ?
答：You get off at the bus station.
III. 动词短语
动词短语是固定词组，由动词加介词或副词组成，起作用相当于一个动词，需整体记忆。 e.g. They get up at 10 o’clock.(起床)
They get on the bus at the station.(上车)
They get on well together.(相处)
They get off the bus at the swimming
pool.(下车)
I must get off to work.(动身，离开)
Sam gets about a lot. He’s in London today
and last week he was in Edinburgh.(走动，旅行)
This rainy weather gets me down.(使人情绪低落)
我们还学过很多类似的动词词组（详见课本Page 108）
IV. 描述人的外貌和性格
询问人的外貌可用What does he look like ?意为
“他长什么样儿？”。look like意为“外貌特征是…”
e.g. What does he look like ?
He ’s tall and he has got short, brown wavy hair with blue eyes and a short beard. 描述人的外貌，可以参考下面句式：
☆ I ’m/He’s/She’s short/tall/slim/quite big/
overweight/average weight/one metre seventy. ☆ I have (got)/He has (got)/She has (got) blue/ brown/black eyes.
I have (got)/He has (got)/She has (got) black/brown/dark/fair/grey/short/long/ curly/wavy/straight hair.
He has (got) a black beard.
☆ I wear/He/She wears glasses.
询问人的性格特征可用What ’s he like ?意为“他 （性格/长相）有什么特点？”
e.g. What’s he like ?
He ’s very nice and kind. He’s quite outgoing and talkative-very friendly.
描述人的性格特征，可以参考下面句式： I ’m very outgoing.
Jane is very confident.
My neighbours are very kind.
Unit 10 An Invitation Language focuses in this unit:
表达提议、请求他人做某事
可数与不可数名词，表达数量，动词need how many / how much和some / any的用法 I. 表达提议，请求他人做某事
☆ 我们之前学过的表达提议的句型有：
1. Would you like sth. ?
2. Would you like to do sth. ?
3. Would you like sb. to do sth. ?
4. Shall I do sth. ?
5. I’ll do sth..
e.g. Would you like me to buy some books ?
Would you like him to help you ?
Shall I get some bananas ?
Shall I call you at 7 o’clock ?
I ’ll tell your father.
☆ 表达请求
表达请求的句子构成：
1. Could + 主语 + 动词 ？
e.g. Could you do me a favor ?
Could you help me finish the homework ?
Could I have some oranges ?
2. Can + 主语 + 动词 ？
e.g. Can you get some apples for me ?
Can I have some bananas ?
3. I + would + like + 宾语 + to do sth..
e.g. I would like you to get some water.
II. 可数与不可数名词，表达数量， 动词need
☆ 可数名词(c)与不可数名词(u)
e.g. apple是可数名词，其复数形式是apples
又比如 an apple, six apples, some apples,lots of apples
再来看其它一些可数名词及其复数形式：
e.g. peas，oranges ，lychees ，cups ，kilos
e.g. tea, milk, water都是不可数名词，我们学过的不可数名词还有food ，toast ，oil ，coffee ， juice ，rice 。可数名词与不可数名词都可以用some 来修饰。
☆ 表达数量 不论是可数名词还是不可数名词，如果要用一个量来修饰时，要用of 。
e.g. a kilo of rice 一千克米
a carton of cream 一盒奶油
a bottle of wine 一瓶酒
a can of peas 一罐豌豆
a tin of lychees 一罐荔枝
two packets of prawns 两包虾
two cups of tea 两杯茶
★在餐馆点咖啡或茶时，可以说two coffees或twoteas ，意为two cups of coffee, two cups of tea. ☆ 动词need
1. 主语 + need + to do sth.，表示“需要做某事”。
e.g. I need to buy some oil.
You need to have a rest.
She needs to pay an attention.
2. 主语 + need + sth.，表示“需要某物”。
e.g. I need your help.
We need money.
He needs a bottle of wine.
★ 否定形式需要加don ’t 或者doesn ’t 。
e.g. I don’t need to buy this book.
She doesn’t need your help.
III. How many/much和some/any的用法
☆ How many … ? 和How much … ?(提问数量多少)
How many … ? 用于可数名词：
e.g. How many apples do you want ?
How many oranges would you like ?
How many lychees are there in a tin ?
How much … ? 用于不可数名词：
e.g. How much rice do we need ?
How much milk shall I get ?
How much water would you like ?
★ 询问价格的时候，用How much … ?
e.g. How much are these apples ?
☆ some 和any 的用法 some 和any 都表示不确定的量，意思是“一些”，
可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 some 多用于肯定句中：
e.g. We want some water.
I need some milk.
any 多用于疑问句和否定句：
e.g. Do they need any help ?
We don’t want any water.
★ 疑问句中有时也用some ，不用any ：
e.g. Would you like some water ?
Unit 11 How are you settling in ?
Language focuses in this unit:
△询问他人的看法、意见；表示同意他人的意见
△表示兴趣和爱好（或不喜好）；谈论电视节目
△表示顺序的副词；how 的用法
△why 和because ；动词lend 、borrow
•询问他人的看法、意见；表示同意他人意见的用法
☆ 询问他人的看法、意见（提出自己的意见）
① What do you think of + 名词或动词ing 形式 ?
e.g. What do you think of living in Shantou ?
What do you think of the food here ?
② Do you think (that) + 句子 ?
e.g. Do you think (that) Shantou is beautiful ?
Do you think (that) he is smart ?
△ 提出自己的意见
I think (that) + 句子.
e.g. I think (that) you are right.
I think (that) we should take this way.
☆ 表达同意他人意见的用法
So am I./ So do I./ So have I. “我也…”
Neither am I./ Neither do I./ Neither have I. ”我也不…”
e.g. I am enjoying the vocation.
So am I.
I am not enjoying the vocation.
Neither am I.
e.g. I like banana.
So do I.
I don’t like banana.
Neither do I.
e.g. I have got a car.
So have I.
I haven’t got a car.
Neither have I.
△ So am/do/have I. 都可以用Me too.代替。
△ Neither am/do/have I. 都可以用Me neither.代替。
II. 表示兴趣和爱好（或不喜好）；谈论电视节目
① prefer 的用法 prefer sth. “喜欢某物” prefer A to B “比起B 更喜欢A ”
（A 、B 可以是名词、也可以是动词ing 形式，前后必须一致。）
e.g. I prefer apple to pear.
I prefer surfing online to watching TV.
② 涉及兴趣、爱好的动词有like ，love ，prefer ，enjoy ，hate （讨厌）等，这些动词后面都要跟一个名词、代词或动词ing 形式。
e.g. I love Shantou.
I like it.
I hate shopping.
△ (like，love ，hate ，prefer 后可接to do sth.，但enjoy 后只能接动词ing 形式)
e.g. I like/love/hate/prefer to sit alone.
I enjoy sitting alone.
③ 涉及兴趣、爱好和擅长的词组有：
be interested in “对…感兴趣”
e.g. I’m interested in travelling.
be good at “擅长于…”
e.g. I’m good at English.
be keen on “热衷于…”
e.g. He’s keen on it.
(这类词组后用名词、代词或者动词ing 形式)
☆ 谈论电视节目
be on的意思是电影或电视节目“上演、上映”
e.g. What time is the programme on ?
There is a film on tonight.
III. 表示顺序的副词；how 的用法
☆ 表示顺序的副词
first(首先) ，next(其次) ，after that(之后) ，then(然后) ，finally(最后)
e.g. First I walk to the bus stop. Next I take
the bus. After that I get off the bus. Then
I take a taxi. Finally I get to my office.
☆ how 的用法how 如果与show, know等动词连用，后面加不定式构成 how to do sth.
e.g. Can you show me how to get there ?
I don’t know how to solve the problem.
IV. why和because ；动词lend 、borrow
☆ why 和because 询问原因的问句以why 开头，答句以because 开头
e.g. Why do you like living in Shantou ?
Because it is very green.
☆ 动词lend 、borrow lend 意为“借给，借出去”；borrow 则是“借来，向别人借”
lend sb. sth (sth.不能是代词)= lend sth. to sb.
borrow sth. from sb.
e.g. Will you lend me your car ?
Will you lend your car to me?
I ’ll borrow a book from him.
Unit 13 Keeping Fit
Language focuses in this unit:
•表达时间的介词
•what 和which 的用法
•时间表达法
•描述情感和经历
•be 的过去式
I. 表达时间的介词
1. at 表示“在…时刻”，与表示具体钟点或某一时刻
的词搭配使用。
e.g. We open at seven and close at ten.
at 也可以表示“在…期间”，后面接节假日或长于
一天的一段时期。
e.g. at Christmas at New Year at night
at the weekend(在周末) at weekends(每逢周末)
2. from…to 表示“从…到”
e.g. We open from Monday to Friday.
from …till 表示“从…直到为止”
e.g. We open from May till September.
between …and 表示“在…之间”
e.g. We open between seven and ten.
3. on 表示“在…时候”，与日期、星期搭配使用。
e.g. I leave on 26th May.
She leaves on Saturday.
4. in 表示“在…期间”，与具体的年代月份季节或一天中的某个时段搭配使用。
e.g. The postman comes in the morning(s).
My children play in the street in the daytime.
II. What和Which 的用法
what 表示”什么、什么样的”，which 表示“哪个、哪些”，两个词都表示在多种可能性当中选择，但what 没有一个选择范围。
e.g. What do you want to do today ?
What do you eat for lunch ?
e.g. Which museum do you want to go ?
Which of these two do you prefer ?
III. 时间表达法
☆ this/next/the…after 可以表达时间
e.g. this month/next month/the month after next
this week/next week/the week after next
this year/next year/the year after next
☆ 注意以下时间的表达法
e.g. today/tomorrow/the day after tomorrow
IV. 描述情感和经历
☆ 描述情感描述情感或感受，常用动词feel
e.g. How do you feel ? Tired and I’d like a drink.
How does she feel ? She feels excited.
描述感受的形容词中有一部分由动词的-ing 形式或-ed
形式转化而来。前者通常带有主动含义，用来描述事件
或某项活动本身的特征；后者通常带有被动含义，用来
描述人的感觉。（详见课本P162）
☆ 描述经历
What was …like ?和How was … ? 可以用来询问他人对所经历之事的总体感觉。
e.g. What was the meal like ?
How was the meal ?
What was the party like ?
How was the party ?
V. Be的过去式
be 的过去式用于描述过去的经历。构成如下：
肯定句 否定句
I was… I was not (wasn’t) …
You were… You were not (weren’t) …
He/She/It was… He/She/It was not (wasn’t) …
We were… We were not (weren’t) …
They were… They were not (weren’t) …
一般疑问句和简略回答
Was I … ?
Yes, I was. / No, I was not (wasn’t).
Were you … ?
Yes, you were. / No, you were not (weren’t).
Was he/she/it … ?
Yes, he/she/it was. / No, he/she/it was not (wasn’t).
Were we … ?
Yes, we were. / No, we were not (weren’t).
Were they … ?
Yes, they were. / No, they were not(weren’t).
Unit 14 A New Member of Staff
Language focuses in this unit:
•表示能力
•形容词的比较级
•描述技能和兴趣
•现在进行时表示将来
I. Can 表示能力 can 可以用来表示由体力、知识或技能所产生的能力。
e.g. You can make yourself clear.
He can’t understand what you said.
Can you read this message ?
II. 形容词的比较级
☆ 形容词比较级的规则变化：
1. 在单音节词末尾加er e.g. fast – faster smart – smarter
2. 单音节词以 e 结尾，只加 r e.g. large - larger
3. 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加er
e.g. hot – hotter wet – wetter
4. 少数以–y 结尾的双音节词，末尾加 er （如y 前是辅音字母，则变y 为i ，再加 er ）
e.g. happy – happier easy – easier
5. 其他双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more
e.g. beautiful – more beautiful difficult – more difficult
☆ 形容词的不规则变化： e.g. good – better bad - worse
☆ 表示二者的比较时常用形容词的比较级 + than的结构：
e.g. His Chinese is better than his wife’s.
☆ 比较级前常用的修饰语比较级前常用 a bit / a little（一点）,much / a lot（非常），等词语表示程度。 e.g. My father is a little older than my mother.
She is much smarter than her sister.
III. 描述技能和兴趣描述技能和兴趣，常用以下结构：
1. be good (better) at 表示“在…擅长（更擅长）”
e.g. He is good at English, but his friend is betterat English than him.
2. be bad (worse) at 表示“在…能力差（能力更差）”
e.g. I ’m bad at listening, but he is worse than me.
3. be （more / less）interested in 表示“对做某事更感兴趣 / 缺少兴趣”
e.g. My mother is more interested in Tai Chi than me.
Fiona is less interested in computer than him.
IV. 现在进行时表示将来现在进行时除表示现在外，还可以表示最近的将来即将
发生的事情，常有“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、“计划”的 含义。
e.g. She ’s leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
I ’m staying in hotel till tomorrow.
Unit 15 A Wedding Reception
Language focuses in this unit:
✓可数n. 和不可数n. ，表示数量“过多”和“足够”
✓带双宾语的动词
✓一般将来时表示预测或将来的事实
✓动作、事件发生的频率；表示义务
I. 可数名词和不可数名词；表示数量“过多”和“足够”。
☆ 可数n. 和不可数n. 见书P182 ☆表示数量“过多”和“足够”:too many too much enough too many + 可数名词 too much + 不可数名词皆表示某事物的量过多，高于正常标准或所需。 e.g. He has too much money.
There are too many orange trees in this field. enough + 可数、不可数名词
e.g. There is enough water.
There aren’t enough seats for all the students. enough 还可单独使用，作表语：
e.g. Sixty students are enough.
II. 带双宾语的动词
e.g. I ’ll make it for you.
it 是直接宾语，表示动作的直接结果；you 是间接 宾语，表示动作的目标。
1. 间接宾语一般置于直接宾语前，如需放直接宾语后面，则需要用to 、for 、from 引出间接宾语。 e.g. I ’ll give him a book.
I ’ll give a book to him.
2. 如直接宾语或间接宾语为代词时，则需用介词to 、for 、from 引出间接宾语。
e.g. He’ll pay for them for her.
We ’ll send it to them.
3. 当直接宾语为不定代词时，间接宾语位置不限。
e.g. I can get some for you.
I can get you some.
III. 一般将来时表示预测或将来的事实
☆ 一般将来时可用来预测可能发生的事情
e.g. How much will we need ?
We ’ll need 15 kilos.
☆ 一般将来时表示将来的事实
e.g. That ’ll be 20 pounds.
My mother’ll need more care.
IV. 表示动作、事件发生的频率；表示义务
☆ 表示动作、事件发生的次数或频率，可用以下结构：
1. 次数 + a day/week/month/year表示”每天/周/月/年…次“
e.g. I go to travel twice a year.
I have class once a week.
2. every + day/morning/afternoon/week/year表示”每天/每天上午/每天下午/每周/每月/每年“ e.g. I have milk for breakfast every day.
They do exercise every morning.
☆ 表示义务 have to do 表示”有义务，有责任“做某事，”不得不“ 做某事。
e.g. You have to listen to your mother.
They don’t have to say sorry.
Do we have to buy some oranges ?