低头族
低头族，（英文名：Phubbing单词由澳大利亚麦肯和Macquarie大辞典联手精心杜撰而来，形容那些只顾低头看手机而冷落面前的亲友的“低头族”），是指如今在地铁、公交车里那些个个都作“低头看屏幕”状，有的看手机，有的掏出平板电脑或笔记本电脑上网、玩游戏、看视频，每个人都想通过盯住屏幕的方式，把零碎的时间填满的上班族。他们低着头是一种共同的特征，他们的视线和智能手机，相互交感直至难分难解。 目 录 1基本描述
2形成原因
3存在问题
4
行为特点
5危险瞬间
6低头与健康
1基本描述
聚会时离不开数字终端，一个人时更是如此。不少人发现，如今地铁、公交车里的上班族，几乎个个都作“低头看屏幕”状，有的看手机，有的掏出平板电脑或笔记本电脑上网、玩游戏、看视频，每个人都想通过盯住屏幕的方式，把零碎的时间填满。 这部分人群被称为“低头族”，“低头族”以年轻人为主。
2形成原因
从社会环境角度分析，快节奏生活、大城市通勤路线拉长等，客观上令私人时间碎片化，属于自己的“整块”时间越来越少，但一个人吃饭、赶路的机会却增多，导致不少年轻人只能抓紧碎片时间，通过数字终端进行娱乐休闲。以智能手机为代表的数字终端提供了丰富的应用程序，带来生活的便利和多样的娱乐手段。智能手机成为低头族打发碎片时间的不可或缺的工具：上网浏览、玩游戏、看视频等。
3存在问题
有研究说，每天长时间接触电视及电脑，脑部过度刺激，会注意力不集中。
随着智能手机、平板电脑等智能移动终端产品的普及和无线网络的发展，日常生活的每一个缝隙，都有被数字产品“侵蚀”之势，人与人之间的自然交流显得日渐缺失。
人坐在一起，心却各在他处，这种情形并不少见。无论是工作会议、朋友聚会，甚至是恋人约会，许多人感觉和坐在身边的人没什么话讲，反而对网络上陌生人的一个帖子或是某名人的微博更感兴趣。平心而论，这些网上即时信息，真正蕴含重要内容的少之又少，也没有“十万火急”的事情需要马上处理，但就是有那么多人对此爱不释手。
对于一部分年轻人来说，这种生活方式很正常，但在另一部分人看来，盯着手机，不顾身边人的做法可能很“无礼”，甚至破坏了原有生活的美感。著名美食评论家沈宏非在博客中不无戏谑地写道：“人心散了，饭也吃不好了„„自从上了微博之后，我的拍菜水准蒸蒸日上，吃菜的兴趣则江河日下。”数字终端，让我们渐渐远离了食物真正的美味和人与人交流的温暖。
4行为特点
低头族主要出现在城市的地铁上、公交车上，甚至大街小巷上。
低着头是一种共同的特征，他们的视线和智能手机，相互交感直至难分难解。
低头是时尚，也是潮流，“德不孤，必有邻”，用来形容低头族，虽不允当，却有几分韵致。扎克伯格的妻子普莉希拉·陈，也是个低头族，她是典型的“非试不可”，自承“每五秒钟，就会查看手机”。
5危险瞬间
好多人玩起手机来，那是没日没夜。走路看手机，吃饭看手机，坐车看手机、就连开车也在看手机。殊不知，这类被称作手机低头族的人，将自己置于危险的境地。
这位驾驶员一边开车一边不停地玩着自己的手机，开了一会，似乎有短信来，他干脆双手松开了方向盘。据介绍这是一辆长途专线中巴车，当时车里坐满了乘客，不少人都觉得这样的驾驶太危险。
无独有偶，上海的闫女士自驾车出行，在等红灯时习惯性拿出手机玩起了微信，当交通信号灯转为绿灯时，她启动了车子，不料，却一头撞上了前面的汽车。
交警部门介绍，即便开车时用耳机接听电话，也会影响驾驶员的思维和反应速度，同样存在安全隐患。开车、等信号灯时玩手机危险，那么走路、乘车时玩手机呢？告诉你吧，一样危险。
这是今年4月份发生在江苏常州的一幕，两名青年因为低头玩手机，没注意到此时绿灯已经转为红灯。这时，一辆小轿车正常行驶过来，一下将这两个人撞飞了几米远。同样在乘车时如果一味盯着手机看，也可能有意外发生。
犯罪嫌疑人大多会选择财物外露的乘客作案，因此，乘坐公交车时尽量避免财物外露，少玩手机。[1]
6低头与健康
低头易产生皱纹
“低头族”造成的肌肤老化，主要表现在产生三种皱纹上：川字纹、抬头纹和颈纹。当你在摇摇晃晃的车上、地铁上认真地盯着手机看时，眉头其实已经不自觉地皱了起来。经年累月，眉间的川字纹一旦形成，就再也别想“抹”去了。而长时间低头聚精会神地看一样东西的人，由于额头肌肤长时间紧绷着(又因肌肤缺水、本身老化等因素)，一抬头必现“三”字皱纹。理论上说，皱纹产生的原因大致有两点：
其一，是由于表皮肌肤缺水，细胞失去活力，进而皮肤变得粗糙、产生皱纹；
其二，是由于肌肤内部胶原蛋白的逐渐减少，内部组织结构垮塌。当肌肤没有了弹性，自然会因低头而产生各种“纹”。所以，改变“低头”的习惯，外在保湿护肤，内在补充胶原蛋白，拥有充足的睡眠，对烟、酒说不，才是对抗“低头纹”的正确方法。
其三，由于总低头，容易导致驼背。
其四，总低头，头部重心前倾，容易导致脑供血不足，降低反应速度，同时也容易出现颈、肩疾病。
Cell phones are having a great influence in our live and are very convenient to keep with us. Cell phones are a faster and more effective way to transfer information. Indeed, it is a resource that gives its user's great advantages.
The more you talk, the more you know how to talk and the better your communication skills become. This is applicable if you're a sensible person and keep note of your interacting habits over the phone. It can be a communication tutorial!
Nothing more than a cell phone comes to great help in emergency. You are driving by the freeway and the vehicle jams and cell phone comes to your rescue. You are stuck in a lone place, again call somebody and ask for directions.
Parents can be a little less worried about their kids by being in constant touch with them.
If you're a net-savvy, you can have Internet handy all the time and anywhere the signal of your cell phone provider can reach.
Trendy and stylish cell phones can be used as a bait to receive attention. It can be part of fashion and styling.
From the industy and economy point of view, cell phone companies
(communication industry) is florishing with market capital in billions. This is a good thing for the economy to be smooth and healthy.
Companies find it yet another medium to advertise their products; so another medium to reach the consumers.
Nowadays, cell phones are not just phone calls; they're about messaging, vidoe, songs, games, alarm clock, notes, calendar, reminder, etc. So one equipment, lots' of uses!
Although cell phone use can be dangerous while driving but sometimes it can be a time-saver - you are driving and simultanesouly discussing some urgent matter as well. A sensible and only urgent usage during driving can be a great help at times.
辐射大危害健康？ 欧洲校园或禁止使用手机
据英国《每日电讯报》5月14日报道，欧洲委员会官员称，他们就一项现代科技是否“潜在危害”人类健康的报告进行讨论后，起草了一份决议草案，将采取措施保护少年儿童。草案内容包括在欧洲范围内要求学校禁止使用手机和无线设备。
据悉，一份提交给欧洲委员会的研究报告称，手机以及婴儿监视器等无线设备在英国家庭的使用很普遍，但是这类设备对人体健康的危害很大。报告认为电磁设备的辐射会致癌，同时还将对大脑产生不良影响。
之前世界卫生组织（WHO）曾宣布，手机和无线设备的辐射对人体的危害几乎为零。而欧洲委员会现在得出的结论却与此相反，并因此特别起草了决议草案，建议其成员国针对手机信号辐射制定准入标准；在手机设备上标注电磁辐射量，并说明使用时对健康的危害；禁止在校园内使用手机和无线设备；向儿童和青少年宣传辐射危害；研发辐射更小、危害更小的手机产品。
决议草案号召成员国政府采取一切可行措施减少手机和类似设备对人体的辐射影响。草案还特别提到在校园颁布手机和无线设备禁令。
英国移动电信和健康研究组织在早些时候曾发表一份报告称，没有迹象显示手机的使用会在短期内影响健康。由于现在的手机辐射量越来越小，远远低于国际辐射标准，因此该组织表示，现在就在校园出台手机和无线设备禁令为时尚早。
英国帝国理工大学教授保罗•埃利奥特则表示，他们早已展开了针对20万人长期使用手机后的健康水平的研究。他认为，手机明显是一个十分有用的工具，但是人们还是要考虑到这些高科技产品带来的健康影响。他不建议人们长时间使用手机。
这项决议草案也招来了来自学校方面的许多反对声音。英国教师协会秘书长拉塞尔•霍比警告称，禁止校园内使用手机和无线设备将会对学校造成极大的影响。“英国大多数学校的师生也都使用手机，校园内也都建立了WIFI热点。许多学校在计划开展更多的电脑无线教学，这样学生就可以使用笔记本电脑将作业带回家完成。禁令的出台将会让这一切无法进行。”
欧洲委员会目前有47个成员国。委员会的决议对于成员国政府没有强制力，
但是经常能影响各国的政策制定。之前委员会的许多决议都通过成员国达成的协议和条约予以了体现。目前，禁止学校内使用手机和无线设备仅仅是决议草案的内容，这份草案将被提交至欧洲委员会议会等待通过。
日本政府号召国民尽量避免儿童使用手机
[天极北京5月29日消息]日本是电子产品最发达的国家，其生产的液晶产品，数码产品，数字产品，通信产品都是在世界上遥遥领先的。日本的手机普及程度也是世界前列，而且低龄化趋势日渐明显。数据显示，在日本，儿童中使用手机的比例在逐年上升，而在中学以后使用手机的比例以及达到了96%。
近日，一位日本研究院正在积极研究手机与学习工具相结合的新产品，有人相信，在不久的将来，手机很有可能替代书本或者文具成文新的学习方式。然后另外一位专家则表示，根据他们的研究结果表明，长期使用手机对于人体的伤害是非常大的，无论是生理还是心理健康都有着不小的影响，而且特别对于儿童的负面影响更加明显。
经过一番论证后，日本政府像民众建议，减少或者尽量避免儿童使用除了通话以外的其他功能，希望学校和家长采取积极的配合。与此同时，日本政府也表示，目前不会出台相应的强制禁令，只是依靠学校和家长的配合在进行控制。
"Cell Phone" redirects here. For the film, see Cell Phone (film). For the Handphone film, see Handphone (film).
The Qualcomm QCP-2700, a mid-1990s candybar style phone, and aniPhone 5, a current production smartphone. A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receivetelephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular networkprovided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station.
In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS,email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.
The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell[1][2] and Dr Martin
Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 2.2 pounds (1 kg).[3] In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 6 billion, penetrating about 87% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.[4][5][6][7]
In general
Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants 1997–2007
A cellphone repair kiosk inMumbai, India Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different purposes, such as for business and personal use. Multiple SIM cards may also be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plans—a particular plan might provide cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming. The mobile phone has also been used in a variety of diverse contexts in society, for example:
A study by Motorola found that one in ten cell phone subscribers have a second phone that often is kept secret from other family members. These phones may be used to engage in activities including extramarital affairs or clandestine business dealings.[37]
Some organizations assist victims of domestic violence by providing mobile phones for use in emergencies. They are often refurbished phones.[38]
The advent of widespread text messaging has resulted in the cell phone novel; the first literary genre to emerge from the cellular age via text messaging to a website that collects the novels as a whole.[39]
Mobile telephony also facilitates activism and public journalism being explored by Reuters and Yahoo![40] and small independent news companies such as Jasmine New in Sri Lanka.
The United Nations reported that mobile phones have spread faster than any other technology and can improve the livelihood of the poorest people in developing countries by providing access to information in places where landlines or the Internet are not available, especially in the least developed countries. Use of mobile phones also spawns a wealth of micro-enterprises, by providing work, such as selling airtime on the streets and repairing or refurbishing handsets.[41]
In Mali and other African countries, people used to travel from village to village to let friends and relatives know about weddings, births and other events, which are now avoided within mobile phone coverage areas, which is usually greater than land line penetration.
The TV industry has recently started using mobile phones to drive live TV viewing through mobile apps, advertising, social tv, and mobile TV.[42] 86% of Americans use their mobile phone while watching TV.
In parts of the world, mobile phone sharing is common. It is prevalent in urban India,
as families and groups of friends often share one or more mobiles among their members. There are obvious economic benefits, but often familial customs and traditional gender roles play a part.[43] It is common for a village to have access to only one mobile phone, perhaps owned by a teacher or missionary, but available to all members of the village for necessary calls.[44]
Health effects Main article: Mobile phone radiation and health
Further information: Mobile phones on aircraft
The effect mobile phone radiation has on human health is the subject of recent interest and study, as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world. Mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range, which some believe may be harmful to human health. A large body of research exists, both epidemiological and experimental, in non-human animals and in humans, of which the majority shows no definite causative relationship between exposure to mobile phones and harmful biological effects in humans. This is often paraphrased simply as the balance of evidence showing no harm to humans from mobile phones, although a significant number of individual studies do suggest such a relationship, or are inconclusive. Other digital wireless systems, such as data communication networks, produce similar radiation.
On 31 May 2011, the World Health Organization stated that mobile phone use may possibly
represent a long-term health risk,[61][62] classifying mobile phone radiation as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" after a team of scientists reviewed studies on cell phone safety.[63] Mobile phones are in category 2B, which ranks it alongside Coffee and other possibly carcinogenic substances.[64][65]
At least some recent studies have found an association between cell phone use and certain kinds of brain and salivary gland tumors. Lennart Hardell and other authors of a 2009 meta-analysis of 11 studies from peer-reviewed journals concluded that cell phone usage for at least ten years "approximately doubles the risk of being diagnosed with a brain tumor on the same ('ipsilateral') side of the head as that preferred for cell phone use."[66]
One study of past cell phone use cited in the report showed a "40% increased risk for gliomas (brain cancer) in the highest category of heavy users (reported average: 30 minutes per day over a 10‐year period)."[67] This is a reversal from their prior position that cancer was unlikely to be caused by cellular phones or their base stations and that reviews had found no convincing evidence for other health effects.[62][68] Certain countries, including France, have warned against the use of cell phones especially by minors due to health risk uncertainties.[69] However, a study published 24 March 2012 in the British Medical Journalquestioned these estimates, because the increase in brain cancers has not paralleled the increase in mobile phone use.[70]
低头族
低头族，（英文名：Phubbing单词由澳大利亚麦肯和Macquarie大辞典联手精心杜撰而来，形容那些只顾低头看手机而冷落面前的亲友的“低头族”），是指如今在地铁、公交车里那些个个都作“低头看屏幕”状，有的看手机，有的掏出平板电脑或笔记本电脑上网、玩游戏、看视频，每个人都想通过盯住屏幕的方式，把零碎的时间填满的上班族。他们低着头是一种共同的特征，他们的视线和智能手机，相互交感直至难分难解。 目 录 1基本描述
2形成原因
3存在问题
4
行为特点
5危险瞬间
6低头与健康
1基本描述
聚会时离不开数字终端，一个人时更是如此。不少人发现，如今地铁、公交车里的上班族，几乎个个都作“低头看屏幕”状，有的看手机，有的掏出平板电脑或笔记本电脑上网、玩游戏、看视频，每个人都想通过盯住屏幕的方式，把零碎的时间填满。 这部分人群被称为“低头族”，“低头族”以年轻人为主。
2形成原因
从社会环境角度分析，快节奏生活、大城市通勤路线拉长等，客观上令私人时间碎片化，属于自己的“整块”时间越来越少，但一个人吃饭、赶路的机会却增多，导致不少年轻人只能抓紧碎片时间，通过数字终端进行娱乐休闲。以智能手机为代表的数字终端提供了丰富的应用程序，带来生活的便利和多样的娱乐手段。智能手机成为低头族打发碎片时间的不可或缺的工具：上网浏览、玩游戏、看视频等。
3存在问题
有研究说，每天长时间接触电视及电脑，脑部过度刺激，会注意力不集中。
随着智能手机、平板电脑等智能移动终端产品的普及和无线网络的发展，日常生活的每一个缝隙，都有被数字产品“侵蚀”之势，人与人之间的自然交流显得日渐缺失。
人坐在一起，心却各在他处，这种情形并不少见。无论是工作会议、朋友聚会，甚至是恋人约会，许多人感觉和坐在身边的人没什么话讲，反而对网络上陌生人的一个帖子或是某名人的微博更感兴趣。平心而论，这些网上即时信息，真正蕴含重要内容的少之又少，也没有“十万火急”的事情需要马上处理，但就是有那么多人对此爱不释手。
对于一部分年轻人来说，这种生活方式很正常，但在另一部分人看来，盯着手机，不顾身边人的做法可能很“无礼”，甚至破坏了原有生活的美感。著名美食评论家沈宏非在博客中不无戏谑地写道：“人心散了，饭也吃不好了„„自从上了微博之后，我的拍菜水准蒸蒸日上，吃菜的兴趣则江河日下。”数字终端，让我们渐渐远离了食物真正的美味和人与人交流的温暖。
4行为特点
低头族主要出现在城市的地铁上、公交车上，甚至大街小巷上。
低着头是一种共同的特征，他们的视线和智能手机，相互交感直至难分难解。
低头是时尚，也是潮流，“德不孤，必有邻”，用来形容低头族，虽不允当，却有几分韵致。扎克伯格的妻子普莉希拉·陈，也是个低头族，她是典型的“非试不可”，自承“每五秒钟，就会查看手机”。
5危险瞬间
好多人玩起手机来，那是没日没夜。走路看手机，吃饭看手机，坐车看手机、就连开车也在看手机。殊不知，这类被称作手机低头族的人，将自己置于危险的境地。
这位驾驶员一边开车一边不停地玩着自己的手机，开了一会，似乎有短信来，他干脆双手松开了方向盘。据介绍这是一辆长途专线中巴车，当时车里坐满了乘客，不少人都觉得这样的驾驶太危险。
无独有偶，上海的闫女士自驾车出行，在等红灯时习惯性拿出手机玩起了微信，当交通信号灯转为绿灯时，她启动了车子，不料，却一头撞上了前面的汽车。
交警部门介绍，即便开车时用耳机接听电话，也会影响驾驶员的思维和反应速度，同样存在安全隐患。开车、等信号灯时玩手机危险，那么走路、乘车时玩手机呢？告诉你吧，一样危险。
这是今年4月份发生在江苏常州的一幕，两名青年因为低头玩手机，没注意到此时绿灯已经转为红灯。这时，一辆小轿车正常行驶过来，一下将这两个人撞飞了几米远。同样在乘车时如果一味盯着手机看，也可能有意外发生。
犯罪嫌疑人大多会选择财物外露的乘客作案，因此，乘坐公交车时尽量避免财物外露，少玩手机。[1]
6低头与健康
低头易产生皱纹
“低头族”造成的肌肤老化，主要表现在产生三种皱纹上：川字纹、抬头纹和颈纹。当你在摇摇晃晃的车上、地铁上认真地盯着手机看时，眉头其实已经不自觉地皱了起来。经年累月，眉间的川字纹一旦形成，就再也别想“抹”去了。而长时间低头聚精会神地看一样东西的人，由于额头肌肤长时间紧绷着(又因肌肤缺水、本身老化等因素)，一抬头必现“三”字皱纹。理论上说，皱纹产生的原因大致有两点：
其一，是由于表皮肌肤缺水，细胞失去活力，进而皮肤变得粗糙、产生皱纹；
其二，是由于肌肤内部胶原蛋白的逐渐减少，内部组织结构垮塌。当肌肤没有了弹性，自然会因低头而产生各种“纹”。所以，改变“低头”的习惯，外在保湿护肤，内在补充胶原蛋白，拥有充足的睡眠，对烟、酒说不，才是对抗“低头纹”的正确方法。
其三，由于总低头，容易导致驼背。
其四，总低头，头部重心前倾，容易导致脑供血不足，降低反应速度，同时也容易出现颈、肩疾病。
Cell phones are having a great influence in our live and are very convenient to keep with us. Cell phones are a faster and more effective way to transfer information. Indeed, it is a resource that gives its user's great advantages.
The more you talk, the more you know how to talk and the better your communication skills become. This is applicable if you're a sensible person and keep note of your interacting habits over the phone. It can be a communication tutorial!
Nothing more than a cell phone comes to great help in emergency. You are driving by the freeway and the vehicle jams and cell phone comes to your rescue. You are stuck in a lone place, again call somebody and ask for directions.
Parents can be a little less worried about their kids by being in constant touch with them.
If you're a net-savvy, you can have Internet handy all the time and anywhere the signal of your cell phone provider can reach.
Trendy and stylish cell phones can be used as a bait to receive attention. It can be part of fashion and styling.
From the industy and economy point of view, cell phone companies
(communication industry) is florishing with market capital in billions. This is a good thing for the economy to be smooth and healthy.
Companies find it yet another medium to advertise their products; so another medium to reach the consumers.
Nowadays, cell phones are not just phone calls; they're about messaging, vidoe, songs, games, alarm clock, notes, calendar, reminder, etc. So one equipment, lots' of uses!
Although cell phone use can be dangerous while driving but sometimes it can be a time-saver - you are driving and simultanesouly discussing some urgent matter as well. A sensible and only urgent usage during driving can be a great help at times.
辐射大危害健康？ 欧洲校园或禁止使用手机
据英国《每日电讯报》5月14日报道，欧洲委员会官员称，他们就一项现代科技是否“潜在危害”人类健康的报告进行讨论后，起草了一份决议草案，将采取措施保护少年儿童。草案内容包括在欧洲范围内要求学校禁止使用手机和无线设备。
据悉，一份提交给欧洲委员会的研究报告称，手机以及婴儿监视器等无线设备在英国家庭的使用很普遍，但是这类设备对人体健康的危害很大。报告认为电磁设备的辐射会致癌，同时还将对大脑产生不良影响。
之前世界卫生组织（WHO）曾宣布，手机和无线设备的辐射对人体的危害几乎为零。而欧洲委员会现在得出的结论却与此相反，并因此特别起草了决议草案，建议其成员国针对手机信号辐射制定准入标准；在手机设备上标注电磁辐射量，并说明使用时对健康的危害；禁止在校园内使用手机和无线设备；向儿童和青少年宣传辐射危害；研发辐射更小、危害更小的手机产品。
决议草案号召成员国政府采取一切可行措施减少手机和类似设备对人体的辐射影响。草案还特别提到在校园颁布手机和无线设备禁令。
英国移动电信和健康研究组织在早些时候曾发表一份报告称，没有迹象显示手机的使用会在短期内影响健康。由于现在的手机辐射量越来越小，远远低于国际辐射标准，因此该组织表示，现在就在校园出台手机和无线设备禁令为时尚早。
英国帝国理工大学教授保罗•埃利奥特则表示，他们早已展开了针对20万人长期使用手机后的健康水平的研究。他认为，手机明显是一个十分有用的工具，但是人们还是要考虑到这些高科技产品带来的健康影响。他不建议人们长时间使用手机。
这项决议草案也招来了来自学校方面的许多反对声音。英国教师协会秘书长拉塞尔•霍比警告称，禁止校园内使用手机和无线设备将会对学校造成极大的影响。“英国大多数学校的师生也都使用手机，校园内也都建立了WIFI热点。许多学校在计划开展更多的电脑无线教学，这样学生就可以使用笔记本电脑将作业带回家完成。禁令的出台将会让这一切无法进行。”
欧洲委员会目前有47个成员国。委员会的决议对于成员国政府没有强制力，
但是经常能影响各国的政策制定。之前委员会的许多决议都通过成员国达成的协议和条约予以了体现。目前，禁止学校内使用手机和无线设备仅仅是决议草案的内容，这份草案将被提交至欧洲委员会议会等待通过。
日本政府号召国民尽量避免儿童使用手机
[天极北京5月29日消息]日本是电子产品最发达的国家，其生产的液晶产品，数码产品，数字产品，通信产品都是在世界上遥遥领先的。日本的手机普及程度也是世界前列，而且低龄化趋势日渐明显。数据显示，在日本，儿童中使用手机的比例在逐年上升，而在中学以后使用手机的比例以及达到了96%。
近日，一位日本研究院正在积极研究手机与学习工具相结合的新产品，有人相信，在不久的将来，手机很有可能替代书本或者文具成文新的学习方式。然后另外一位专家则表示，根据他们的研究结果表明，长期使用手机对于人体的伤害是非常大的，无论是生理还是心理健康都有着不小的影响，而且特别对于儿童的负面影响更加明显。
经过一番论证后，日本政府像民众建议，减少或者尽量避免儿童使用除了通话以外的其他功能，希望学校和家长采取积极的配合。与此同时，日本政府也表示，目前不会出台相应的强制禁令，只是依靠学校和家长的配合在进行控制。
"Cell Phone" redirects here. For the film, see Cell Phone (film). For the Handphone film, see Handphone (film).
The Qualcomm QCP-2700, a mid-1990s candybar style phone, and aniPhone 5, a current production smartphone. A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receivetelephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular networkprovided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station.
In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS,email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.
The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell[1][2] and Dr Martin
Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 2.2 pounds (1 kg).[3] In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 6 billion, penetrating about 87% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.[4][5][6][7]
In general
Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants 1997–2007
A cellphone repair kiosk inMumbai, India Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different purposes, such as for business and personal use. Multiple SIM cards may also be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plans—a particular plan might provide cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming. The mobile phone has also been used in a variety of diverse contexts in society, for example:
A study by Motorola found that one in ten cell phone subscribers have a second phone that often is kept secret from other family members. These phones may be used to engage in activities including extramarital affairs or clandestine business dealings.[37]
Some organizations assist victims of domestic violence by providing mobile phones for use in emergencies. They are often refurbished phones.[38]
The advent of widespread text messaging has resulted in the cell phone novel; the first literary genre to emerge from the cellular age via text messaging to a website that collects the novels as a whole.[39]
Mobile telephony also facilitates activism and public journalism being explored by Reuters and Yahoo![40] and small independent news companies such as Jasmine New in Sri Lanka.
The United Nations reported that mobile phones have spread faster than any other technology and can improve the livelihood of the poorest people in developing countries by providing access to information in places where landlines or the Internet are not available, especially in the least developed countries. Use of mobile phones also spawns a wealth of micro-enterprises, by providing work, such as selling airtime on the streets and repairing or refurbishing handsets.[41]
In Mali and other African countries, people used to travel from village to village to let friends and relatives know about weddings, births and other events, which are now avoided within mobile phone coverage areas, which is usually greater than land line penetration.
The TV industry has recently started using mobile phones to drive live TV viewing through mobile apps, advertising, social tv, and mobile TV.[42] 86% of Americans use their mobile phone while watching TV.
In parts of the world, mobile phone sharing is common. It is prevalent in urban India,
as families and groups of friends often share one or more mobiles among their members. There are obvious economic benefits, but often familial customs and traditional gender roles play a part.[43] It is common for a village to have access to only one mobile phone, perhaps owned by a teacher or missionary, but available to all members of the village for necessary calls.[44]
Health effects Main article: Mobile phone radiation and health
Further information: Mobile phones on aircraft
The effect mobile phone radiation has on human health is the subject of recent interest and study, as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world. Mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range, which some believe may be harmful to human health. A large body of research exists, both epidemiological and experimental, in non-human animals and in humans, of which the majority shows no definite causative relationship between exposure to mobile phones and harmful biological effects in humans. This is often paraphrased simply as the balance of evidence showing no harm to humans from mobile phones, although a significant number of individual studies do suggest such a relationship, or are inconclusive. Other digital wireless systems, such as data communication networks, produce similar radiation.
On 31 May 2011, the World Health Organization stated that mobile phone use may possibly
represent a long-term health risk,[61][62] classifying mobile phone radiation as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" after a team of scientists reviewed studies on cell phone safety.[63] Mobile phones are in category 2B, which ranks it alongside Coffee and other possibly carcinogenic substances.[64][65]
At least some recent studies have found an association between cell phone use and certain kinds of brain and salivary gland tumors. Lennart Hardell and other authors of a 2009 meta-analysis of 11 studies from peer-reviewed journals concluded that cell phone usage for at least ten years "approximately doubles the risk of being diagnosed with a brain tumor on the same ('ipsilateral') side of the head as that preferred for cell phone use."[66]
One study of past cell phone use cited in the report showed a "40% increased risk for gliomas (brain cancer) in the highest category of heavy users (reported average: 30 minutes per day over a 10‐year period)."[67] This is a reversal from their prior position that cancer was unlikely to be caused by cellular phones or their base stations and that reviews had found no convincing evidence for other health effects.[62][68] Certain countries, including France, have warned against the use of cell phones especially by minors due to health risk uncertainties.[69] However, a study published 24 March 2012 in the British Medical Journalquestioned these estimates, because the increase in brain cancers has not paralleled the increase in mobile phone use.[70]