A Summary of Small-size Excavators Home and Abroad I. The brief introduction of hydraulic excavator
Parts such as the hydraulic excavator is by engine, hydraulic system and works device and walks device and electric control etc are formed. The hydraulic system is formed by hydraulic pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pressure motor, pipe route and fuel tank etc. The electric control system includes supervision dish, motor control system, pump brain and various kinds of sensor and solenoid valves etc. The hydraulic excavator is general by the work device and turns round the device and walks device three is mostly formed. According to his
construction and use, we can differentiate : many kinds of types such as caterpillar tread type, tyre type, walk type, full hydraulic pressure, half hydraulic pressure, turns round entirely, not turns round entirely, utility version, mould for a special purpose, the joining with a hinge type and arm type stretched out and drawn back etc.
The work device is directly accomplishing the device that excavates the assignment. It has been joined with a hinge by moves the arm, fights the pole and shovels the fill etc three parts. Moving that the arm rises and falls and the pole fought stretches out and draws back and shoveling fighting moves all with moving back and forth type two effect hydraulic cylinders control. In order to suit the needs of various difference construction school assignments, the hydraulic pressure excavator can be joined in marriage loading many kinds of work devices, if excavating and many kinds of school assignment machines and tools such as lifting job, loading, leveling, clamp and pushes soil and shock hammer etc.
Turning round and walks the device is the organism of hydraulic pressure excavator, upper setting up power-on device and transmission system of turntable. The engine is the power supply of hydraulic pressure excavator, and adopts diesel oil will also can modify the electromotor in the convenient place mostly.
The hydraulic drive system by way of the hydraulic pump with the engine the motive promotion work device moves, thus accomplishes the various school assignments. Take more PV-200's mould hydraulic pressure
excavators of use in building site as the example. This machine adopts the type the opening center load of advanced version to be passed feeling system (OLSS). This system is with oblique of control type oblique the method of angle (export volume of flow ) variable plunger pump, and reduced the power delivery of engine, thus reduces the oil consumption burnt, and is one kind of saving energy mould system. The characteristic of this kind of hydraulic system is: the fixed torque is controlled, and it is
unchangeable to keep the hydraulic pump drive torque, and year absolutely control can reduce the off-loading loss of school assignment time; Oil capacity is controlled, and the export volume of flow of hydraulic pump in the time of can reducing neutral gear and fine control reduces the power loss.
The history of the first hand excavator was published up to now to have more than 130 years, and went through from the steam drive fill to turn round that the machinery turns round the developing the course step by step of the complete automatic hydraulic pressure excavator of excavator and application mechanical and electrical liquid integration technology to power drive and the internal-combustion engine drive in the time. The application owing to the hydraulic technique had to join in marriage on the tractor loading hydraulic pressure to anti- the type hanging which shoveled machinery in the 1940’s, and developing out the pulling type at the initial stage of in the 1950’s with middle period in succession, to turn round the full hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure excavator and caterpillar tread type entirely mechanical. Initial stage the trial hydraulic pressure excavator is the hydraulic technique that adopts plane and machine tool, lacking the hydraulic pressure component that is suitable in the mechanical various operating modes, it is stable
inadequately to make the quality, and necessary is not completely yet.
From in the 1960’s, the hydraulic pressure excavator is entered the popularization and in vigorous development stage, and mechanical
manufacturing plant and the breed of each country increases very fast, and the output is rapidly increased. 83% of the mechanical gross output was occupied to hydraulic pressure excavator output, and is close to 100% at present 1968-1970 certain period.
国内外小型挖掘机发展综述
一、液压挖掘机简介 液压挖掘机是由发动机、液压系统、工作装置、行走装置和电气控制等部分组成。液压系统由液压泵、控制阀、液压缸、液压马达、管路、油箱等组成。电气控制系统包括监控盘、发动机控制系统、泵控制系统、各类传感器、电磁阀等。液压挖掘机一般由工作装置、回转装置和行走装置三大部分组成。根据其构造和用途可以区分为：履带式、轮胎式、步履式、全液压、半液压、全回转、非全回转、通用型、专用型、铰接式、伸缩臂式等多种类型。
工作装置是直接完成挖掘任务的装置。它由动臂、斗杆、铲斗等三部分铰接而成。动臂起落、斗杆伸缩和铲斗转动都用往复式双作用液压缸控制。为了适应各种不同施工作业的需要，液压挖掘机可以配装多种工作装置，如挖掘、起重、装载、平整、夹钳、推土、冲击锤等多种作业机具。
回转与行走装置是液压挖掘机的机体，转台上部设有动力装置和传动系统。发动机是液压挖掘机的动力源，大多采用柴油要在方便的场地，也可改用电动机。 液压传动系统通过液压泵将发动机的动力传递给液压马达、液压缸等执行元件，推动工作装置动作，从而完成各种作业。以工地使用较多的PV-200型液压挖掘机为例。该机采用改进型的开式中心 负荷传感系统（OLSS ）。该系统用控制斜盘式变量柱塞泵斜盘角（输出流量）的方法，减少了发动机的功率输出，从而减少燃油消耗，是一种节能型系统。这种液压系统的特点是：定转矩控制，能维持液压泵驱动转矩不变，载断控制，可以减少作业时间的卸荷损失；油量控制，可减少空挡和小调控制时液压泵的输出流量，减少功率损失。
械到电力驱动和内燃机驱动回转挖掘机、应用机电液一体化技术的全自动液压挖掘机的逐步发展过程。由于液压技术的应用，20世纪40年代有了在拖拉机上配装液压反铲的悬挂式机械，20世纪50年代初期和中期相继研制出拖式全回转液
压挖掘机和履带式全液压机械。初期试制的液压挖掘机是采用飞机和机床的液压技术，缺少适用于机械各种工况的液压元件，制造质量不够稳定，配套件也不齐全。从20世纪60年代起，液压挖掘机进入推广和蓬勃发展阶段，各国机械制造厂和品种增加很快，产量猛增。1968-1970年间，液压挖掘机产量已占机械总产量的83%，目前已接近100%。
A Summary of Small-size Excavators Home and Abroad I. The brief introduction of hydraulic excavator
Parts such as the hydraulic excavator is by engine, hydraulic system and works device and walks device and electric control etc are formed. The hydraulic system is formed by hydraulic pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pressure motor, pipe route and fuel tank etc. The electric control system includes supervision dish, motor control system, pump brain and various kinds of sensor and solenoid valves etc. The hydraulic excavator is general by the work device and turns round the device and walks device three is mostly formed. According to his
construction and use, we can differentiate : many kinds of types such as caterpillar tread type, tyre type, walk type, full hydraulic pressure, half hydraulic pressure, turns round entirely, not turns round entirely, utility version, mould for a special purpose, the joining with a hinge type and arm type stretched out and drawn back etc.
The work device is directly accomplishing the device that excavates the assignment. It has been joined with a hinge by moves the arm, fights the pole and shovels the fill etc three parts. Moving that the arm rises and falls and the pole fought stretches out and draws back and shoveling fighting moves all with moving back and forth type two effect hydraulic cylinders control. In order to suit the needs of various difference construction school assignments, the hydraulic pressure excavator can be joined in marriage loading many kinds of work devices, if excavating and many kinds of school assignment machines and tools such as lifting job, loading, leveling, clamp and pushes soil and shock hammer etc.
Turning round and walks the device is the organism of hydraulic pressure excavator, upper setting up power-on device and transmission system of turntable. The engine is the power supply of hydraulic pressure excavator, and adopts diesel oil will also can modify the electromotor in the convenient place mostly.
The hydraulic drive system by way of the hydraulic pump with the engine the motive promotion work device moves, thus accomplishes the various school assignments. Take more PV-200's mould hydraulic pressure
excavators of use in building site as the example. This machine adopts the type the opening center load of advanced version to be passed feeling system (OLSS). This system is with oblique of control type oblique the method of angle (export volume of flow ) variable plunger pump, and reduced the power delivery of engine, thus reduces the oil consumption burnt, and is one kind of saving energy mould system. The characteristic of this kind of hydraulic system is: the fixed torque is controlled, and it is
unchangeable to keep the hydraulic pump drive torque, and year absolutely control can reduce the off-loading loss of school assignment time; Oil capacity is controlled, and the export volume of flow of hydraulic pump in the time of can reducing neutral gear and fine control reduces the power loss.
The history of the first hand excavator was published up to now to have more than 130 years, and went through from the steam drive fill to turn round that the machinery turns round the developing the course step by step of the complete automatic hydraulic pressure excavator of excavator and application mechanical and electrical liquid integration technology to power drive and the internal-combustion engine drive in the time. The application owing to the hydraulic technique had to join in marriage on the tractor loading hydraulic pressure to anti- the type hanging which shoveled machinery in the 1940’s, and developing out the pulling type at the initial stage of in the 1950’s with middle period in succession, to turn round the full hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure excavator and caterpillar tread type entirely mechanical. Initial stage the trial hydraulic pressure excavator is the hydraulic technique that adopts plane and machine tool, lacking the hydraulic pressure component that is suitable in the mechanical various operating modes, it is stable
inadequately to make the quality, and necessary is not completely yet.
From in the 1960’s, the hydraulic pressure excavator is entered the popularization and in vigorous development stage, and mechanical
manufacturing plant and the breed of each country increases very fast, and the output is rapidly increased. 83% of the mechanical gross output was occupied to hydraulic pressure excavator output, and is close to 100% at present 1968-1970 certain period.
国内外小型挖掘机发展综述
一、液压挖掘机简介 液压挖掘机是由发动机、液压系统、工作装置、行走装置和电气控制等部分组成。液压系统由液压泵、控制阀、液压缸、液压马达、管路、油箱等组成。电气控制系统包括监控盘、发动机控制系统、泵控制系统、各类传感器、电磁阀等。液压挖掘机一般由工作装置、回转装置和行走装置三大部分组成。根据其构造和用途可以区分为：履带式、轮胎式、步履式、全液压、半液压、全回转、非全回转、通用型、专用型、铰接式、伸缩臂式等多种类型。
工作装置是直接完成挖掘任务的装置。它由动臂、斗杆、铲斗等三部分铰接而成。动臂起落、斗杆伸缩和铲斗转动都用往复式双作用液压缸控制。为了适应各种不同施工作业的需要，液压挖掘机可以配装多种工作装置，如挖掘、起重、装载、平整、夹钳、推土、冲击锤等多种作业机具。
回转与行走装置是液压挖掘机的机体，转台上部设有动力装置和传动系统。发动机是液压挖掘机的动力源，大多采用柴油要在方便的场地，也可改用电动机。 液压传动系统通过液压泵将发动机的动力传递给液压马达、液压缸等执行元件，推动工作装置动作，从而完成各种作业。以工地使用较多的PV-200型液压挖掘机为例。该机采用改进型的开式中心 负荷传感系统（OLSS ）。该系统用控制斜盘式变量柱塞泵斜盘角（输出流量）的方法，减少了发动机的功率输出，从而减少燃油消耗，是一种节能型系统。这种液压系统的特点是：定转矩控制，能维持液压泵驱动转矩不变，载断控制，可以减少作业时间的卸荷损失；油量控制，可减少空挡和小调控制时液压泵的输出流量，减少功率损失。
械到电力驱动和内燃机驱动回转挖掘机、应用机电液一体化技术的全自动液压挖掘机的逐步发展过程。由于液压技术的应用，20世纪40年代有了在拖拉机上配装液压反铲的悬挂式机械，20世纪50年代初期和中期相继研制出拖式全回转液
压挖掘机和履带式全液压机械。初期试制的液压挖掘机是采用飞机和机床的液压技术，缺少适用于机械各种工况的液压元件，制造质量不够稳定，配套件也不齐全。从20世纪60年代起，液压挖掘机进入推广和蓬勃发展阶段，各国机械制造厂和品种增加很快，产量猛增。1968-1970年间，液压挖掘机产量已占机械总产量的83%，目前已接近100%。