Subject complement 主语补足语 (重点)
课文例句 We walked to school, wandered wild in the summer.
此时的的 wild使用的是过去分词,做we 的补足语,而不是修饰wander,所以不是adv.
例子 80岁的时候, 她的思想开始漫无目的地游走。
['maɪzə]吝啬鬼是穷嗖嗖地活着就为了死时富得流油。
如果主动句是“主语-动词-宾语-宾补”(SVOC)的结构,
变为被动句时,原来的宾语变做主语,原来的宾补变成主补。
We regard him as the best dentist in town.
我们认为他是城里最好的牙医。 他被公认为城里最好的牙医。
有本书平摊在桌上,书里的那些想象中的人物正在等待这我回去将他们唤醒。
独立主格
分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语是一致的,否则分词就有自己的逻辑主语,这种自带主语的分词就是所谓的分词的独立主格 。
英语中,独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”构成,
其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式,起逻辑主语的作用
其后的“形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”起逻辑谓语的作用。
而且,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词
“名词或代词+介词短语”的用法 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐下来,面颊上还带有泪痕。
“名词或代词+现在分词”的用法。 孩子们在屋里玩,我没法学习。
Mother being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了,我只好呆在家里照顾她。
“名词或代词+过去分词”的用法。 工作结束后我们就回家了。
大家都来帮忙,约翰也不例外。
从各方面考虑,他的计划似乎好一些。
“名词或代词+名词”的用法。 两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。
他的书成了畅销书,他对一切都满意
“名词或代词+副词”这类独立主格结构中,其中的副词主要是over, on, off, up, down等这类小品词,一般不用 -ly 这类方式副词
散会了,校长很快离开了会议室。 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。
“名词或代词+形容词”的用法。 他走进屋来脸色苍白。
电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
“名词/代词+动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。
许多官员尾随皇帝之后,有的拎着皇帝的衣袍,有的则给他整腰带。
种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。(被动)
独立主格结构考题小练(有详解)
1. I have a lot of books, half of ___d_____ novels.
A. which B. that C. whom D. them
2. _____c___ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.
A. because B. as C. With D. Since
3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ____a____ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.
A. them B. who C. whom D. which
4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of ____c____ over 600 years old.
A. which B. that C. them D. it
5. The cave ____d____ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.
A. was; given B. was; to give
C. being; given D. being; to give
6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ___c_____ a gun and his face ________ with sweat汗.
A held; covered B. holding; covering
C. holding; covered D. held; covering
7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair ____d___.
A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze
C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze微风
8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____b____ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____a_____ parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. That
因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为 seat 作动词用时,是及物动词。
10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, _d_ Land Rover of the latest.后面部分实际上是独立主格结构形式,省略了being
A. another B. other C. the other D. the others
1. D。half of them novels 为独立主格结构,相当于 and half of them are novels。
2. C。考查“with + 名词 + 过去分词”结构。
3. A。most of them carrying...为独立主格结构,相当于 and most of them were carrying...,也可改为:most of whom were carrying。注意改动后连词 and 的使用和动词 were的使用。
4. C。all of them over 600 years old 为独立主格结构,相当于 and all of them are over 600 years old。
5. D。第一空填 being,构成独立主格结构;第二空填不定式表目的。
6. C。独立主格结构,his right hand 与hold有主谓关系,故用holding,而 his face与 cover是动宾关系,故用covered.
7. D。her long hair 与 flowing 是主动关系,这是“独立主格结构”作状语。
8. B。因lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词。其实,their lessons finished
for the day为独立主格结构。
9. A。此题容易误选B,认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实,句中的their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为 seat 作动词用时,是及物动词。
10. D。易误选C。后面部分实际上是独立主格结构形式,省略了being。补充完整就是:The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one being a Toyota, the others being Land Rover of the latest. (两个独立主格结构均表伴随状语)
11.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent __b_____ at the end of last March.(2007年山东卷)
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched(表示进行) D. to be launched (表未来)
此题答案为 B。考查独立主格结构的用法。由于句子中没有连词,所以不能选 A。又因为动作于去年的三月底就已经发生,所以不能选表示未来动作的 D 和表示进行动作的 C。 英语中的独立主格结构从语法上看,它是一个独立的成分,而不是句子(因为句中没有谓语),在句中主要用作状语,通常可转换成状语从句。
Subject complement 主语补足语 (重点)
课文例句 We walked to school, wandered wild in the summer.
此时的的 wild使用的是过去分词,做we 的补足语,而不是修饰wander,所以不是adv.
例子 80岁的时候, 她的思想开始漫无目的地游走。
['maɪzə]吝啬鬼是穷嗖嗖地活着就为了死时富得流油。
如果主动句是“主语-动词-宾语-宾补”(SVOC)的结构,
变为被动句时,原来的宾语变做主语,原来的宾补变成主补。
We regard him as the best dentist in town.
我们认为他是城里最好的牙医。 他被公认为城里最好的牙医。
有本书平摊在桌上,书里的那些想象中的人物正在等待这我回去将他们唤醒。
独立主格
分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语是一致的,否则分词就有自己的逻辑主语,这种自带主语的分词就是所谓的分词的独立主格 。
英语中,独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”构成,
其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式,起逻辑主语的作用
其后的“形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”起逻辑谓语的作用。
而且,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词
“名词或代词+介词短语”的用法 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐下来,面颊上还带有泪痕。
“名词或代词+现在分词”的用法。 孩子们在屋里玩,我没法学习。
Mother being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了,我只好呆在家里照顾她。
“名词或代词+过去分词”的用法。 工作结束后我们就回家了。
大家都来帮忙,约翰也不例外。
从各方面考虑,他的计划似乎好一些。
“名词或代词+名词”的用法。 两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。
他的书成了畅销书,他对一切都满意
“名词或代词+副词”这类独立主格结构中,其中的副词主要是over, on, off, up, down等这类小品词,一般不用 -ly 这类方式副词
散会了,校长很快离开了会议室。 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。
“名词或代词+形容词”的用法。 他走进屋来脸色苍白。
电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
“名词/代词+动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。
许多官员尾随皇帝之后,有的拎着皇帝的衣袍,有的则给他整腰带。
种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。(被动)
独立主格结构考题小练(有详解)
1. I have a lot of books, half of ___d_____ novels.
A. which B. that C. whom D. them
2. _____c___ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.
A. because B. as C. With D. Since
3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ____a____ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.
A. them B. who C. whom D. which
4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of ____c____ over 600 years old.
A. which B. that C. them D. it
5. The cave ____d____ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.
A. was; given B. was; to give
C. being; given D. being; to give
6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ___c_____ a gun and his face ________ with sweat汗.
A held; covered B. holding; covering
C. holding; covered D. held; covering
7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair ____d___.
A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze
C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze微风
8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____b____ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____a_____ parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. That
因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为 seat 作动词用时,是及物动词。
10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, _d_ Land Rover of the latest.后面部分实际上是独立主格结构形式,省略了being
A. another B. other C. the other D. the others
1. D。half of them novels 为独立主格结构,相当于 and half of them are novels。
2. C。考查“with + 名词 + 过去分词”结构。
3. A。most of them carrying...为独立主格结构,相当于 and most of them were carrying...,也可改为:most of whom were carrying。注意改动后连词 and 的使用和动词 were的使用。
4. C。all of them over 600 years old 为独立主格结构,相当于 and all of them are over 600 years old。
5. D。第一空填 being,构成独立主格结构;第二空填不定式表目的。
6. C。独立主格结构,his right hand 与hold有主谓关系,故用holding,而 his face与 cover是动宾关系,故用covered.
7. D。her long hair 与 flowing 是主动关系,这是“独立主格结构”作状语。
8. B。因lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词。其实,their lessons finished
for the day为独立主格结构。
9. A。此题容易误选B,认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实,句中的their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为 seat 作动词用时,是及物动词。
10. D。易误选C。后面部分实际上是独立主格结构形式,省略了being。补充完整就是:The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one being a Toyota, the others being Land Rover of the latest. (两个独立主格结构均表伴随状语)
11.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent __b_____ at the end of last March.(2007年山东卷)
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched(表示进行) D. to be launched (表未来)
此题答案为 B。考查独立主格结构的用法。由于句子中没有连词,所以不能选 A。又因为动作于去年的三月底就已经发生,所以不能选表示未来动作的 D 和表示进行动作的 C。 英语中的独立主格结构从语法上看,它是一个独立的成分,而不是句子(因为句中没有谓语),在句中主要用作状语,通常可转换成状语从句。