现在完成时详解及练习

现在完成时是初中英语中最重要也是最难掌握的一个时态，同时它也是

中考英语中一个最重要的时态考点，许多同学们对现在完成的用法似懂非懂，具体做题时也往往是跟着感觉走。本文结合初中英语的教学内容和中考英语的考查特点，为同学们归纳学现在完成时必须注意的几个方面。

一、弄清基本构成方法

现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。其中的have / has 为助动词，构

成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not 。

二、掌握两种主要用法

现在完成时主要有两种用法，一种是已完成用法；另一种是未完成用法，也

叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是：

1. 已完成用法：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如：

She has left. 她离开了。(对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这儿。)

Has she found her car key? 她找到她的车钥匙了吗?(对现在的影响或结果：她能开她的车了吗?)

I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。(对现在的影响或结果：现在我没事了。)

He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。(对现在的影响或结果：他现在一定很饿。)

2. 未完成用法：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束) 。如：

She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。

How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了?

They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。

I’ve known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。

三、注意完成用法通常连用的副词

(1).现在完成时通常连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently,yet

等。但是要注意它们在什么情况下使用，如already(肯定句)never(否定句)ever(疑问句)yet(否定句或疑问句)just(肯定句) 如：

We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。

He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。

Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?

She’s just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。

I’ve just had some photos taken. 我刚照了几张相。

但是，若不强调动作对现在的影响，这些副词也可用一般过去时。如：

He just arrived in Japan. 他刚到日本。

Such things didn’t happen before. 那样的事以前没有发生过。

I hear that he went abroad recently. 我听说他最近出国了。

(2)注意since 与for 引导的现在完成时

表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去) 的动作或状态,

Since+过去的时间（since last year） since+ 一段时间+ago (since three months

ago)

Since+一般过去时的从句（since I moved here） for+一段时间（for two days）如：

I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她

I met him in 1975 and haven't seen him since. 1975年我见过他，但自那以后就一直未见到他。

We have been good friends since we met at school. 自从读书相识以来，我们一直是好朋友。

I have had this bike for two years.

四、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆，其区别是：现在完

成时强调对现在的影响和结果，一般过去时对现在没有影响，只是说这个事情发生在过去。如：

I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)

I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)

做题时，其实只要看这句话里有没有过去的时间状语，如果有的话就用一般

过去时，绝对不能使用现在完成时。如：last year,in 1999,yesterday等

I ______(buy) the the bike in2010.(答案一定是bought)

五、掌握have been to ，have gone to和have been in的用法区别

have been to表示去过某地，已经回来，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；

have gone to表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。

have been in表示某人在某地，后面一般接一段时间

比较：

She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次。

She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。(即现在不在这儿)

Jack has been in Beijing for two years.

注：若其后不是接名词，而是接副词，则不用to 。如：

He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。

He has gone home. 他回家去了。

六．在完成时中, 短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用, 如果想要用的话，

此时须将该短暂性动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。如：

我已经买这本书两天了。这句话改如何翻译呢？

I have bought the book for two days.(这句话错了，这句话虽然好像可以翻译为我已经买这本书两天了，但是buy 这个动词是个短暂性动词，不能和表示一段的时间状语（since, for）连用, 这句话应该找一个和buy 相对应的延续性动词have,

所以这句话应该这样说：

I have had the book for two days.(我已经买这本书两天了)

或者使用下面这个句型：

It is + (多久)+ since + 从句（过去时的从句）

I got married five years ago.=

I have been married for five years=

It is five years since I got married

[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题, 记住, 关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多

久？)(句子中keep 取代了borrow)

七：其他需要注意的地方

（1）表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：

It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。

It’s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有半年了。

（2）Just 常用于现在完成时，just now 用于过去时，如：

I have just had breakfast,

I had breakfast just now.

（3）In(during) the last(past) few (two) years / So far /by now/up to now/ twice/,before这几个时间状语也要和现在完成时连用

Great changes have taken place in Nanjing in the last ten years.

(4)口语中have got往往表示have(有) 的意思。如：

他们图书馆有上万本书)

（5）.when 不能和现在完成时一起用，when 可以和一般过去时一起用，对现在完成时的时间提问应用how long

When have you learned English?（错）

When did you learn English?(正确)

How long have you learned English?(正确)

（6）短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语在一起用，但短暂性动词的否定句就可以了。如：

I haven’t bought new clothes for two years.

Jack hasn’t come to see me since last Sunday.

现在完成时态专练

一．句型转换：

1. He has already gone home.

He _________ __________ home ____________. (否定句)

____________ he __________ home ___________? (一般疑问句)

2. He has lunch at home.

He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否定句)

____________ he __________ lunch at home? (一般疑问句)

__________ __________ ________ __________ he been there? (划线提问)

__________ __________ you ____________ lunch? (划线提问)

二．用since 和for 填空

1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month

4.______ 1999

5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock 7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour ago 9.______ she left here

12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

13. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

三．用适当的时态填空：

1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.

2.Both of them __________ _________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.

3.Both of them __________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.

4. Half an hour __________ _________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).

5. Mary________ ________(lose) her pen. ____________ you ______________ (see) it here and there?

6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?

7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange.

8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book.

9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village?

10. I __________ ________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?

11. My father _______ _________(read) the novel twice.

12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.

13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.

14. My father _________ _________ (read) this book since yesterday.

三、用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go to形式填空。

1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country yesterday.

2) David ________ the park just now.

4) How long _____ he _____ _____ this village?

5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for 5 years.

6) _____ you ever ______ ______ America? -- Yes, I _____ _______ there many times.

7) I _____ ______ _______this school since three years ago.

四．延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化

1.He died 10 years ago. ---- He ______________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.

2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. ------- He _____________the book for 2 weeks.

3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ------ He ___________the motorbike for a month.

4. He arrived here three days ago. ------ He ____________here since three days ago.

6. He left here 2 years ago. ------- He ____________from here for 2 years.

7. The film began 30 minutes ago. ------ The film __________ for 30 minutes.

9. They closed the door an hour ago. -------- The door ___________for an hour.

10. He joined the army last year. He _____________ the army for a year.

一、单项选择。

1、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it

A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished

D.will ; do ; finish

2、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

3、—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

4、His uncle _______ for more than 9 years.

A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university

5、 I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined B. have joined C. have been in

6、The factory ____ since the February of 1988.

A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

7、Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.

A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become

8、The meeting _____ for a week now.

A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

9、The students have cleaned the classroom, ____?

A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they

10、 How long _______ he ________ ?

A. did;died B. has, died C. has, been dead

11、 He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept

12、He ________ the car for a week.

A. bought B. has bought C. has had

13、-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.

A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been

14、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.

Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

15、----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.

A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep

16、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

17、Have you met Mr. Li ____？

Ａ. Just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago

18、 Miss Green isn't in the office. She_______ to the library.

Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

19、 It ___ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. Is Ｂ. has been Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

20、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began

21、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew

22、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ twice.

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

23、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really? When _____ there ? Ａ. will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

24、Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are; studying

25、 His father ______ the Party since 1998 .

Ａ.joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

答案

句型转换：1.hasn’t ;gone; yet; Has ; gone; yet 2.hasn’t ; had ; Has ; had 3.How ; many ;times ;has 4.Where ; have ; had

用since 和for 填空：1.for 2-6.since 7.for 8-13.since 14-15.for 16.since

用适当的时态填空：1.lived 2.have been 3.came 4.has passed left 5.has lost Have seen

6.Have found 7.have had 8.have returned 9.Did built 10.didn’t finish 11.has read 12.bought 13.lost 14.has read

用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空：1.went to 2.went to

4.has been in 5.has been in 6.Have been to; have been 7.have been in 8.has gone to 9.did go;went 10.go; have been 11.did go;went 12.goes 13.Did go

14.Do go

延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化：1.has been dead 2.has kept 3.has had

4.has been 6.has been away 7.has been on 9.has been closed 10.has been a member of

单项选择

1-10 CDBCC ABCAC 11-20 ACCBD DCACB 21-30 CBBCD BBCBA 31-34 ADCC