直接引语和间接引语
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。
人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：―一主、二宾、三不变‖。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。
例如： 1) He said, ―I am glad to see you.‖ →He said that he was glad to see me.
2) ―Do you know the man over there?‖ Mary said to Tom.
→Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there.
3) Jim said to me, ―Jane left her schoolbag at home.‖ →Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.
2、时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
He said, ―I usually watch TV on Sunday.‖他说：―我常在星期天看电视‖。
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said, ―I'm using the knife.‖他说：―我正在用小刀。‖
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said, ―I have not heard from him since May.‖她说：―自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。‖
→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said，―I came to help you.‖他说：―我来帮助你。‖
→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, ―The earth is round. ‖老师说：―地球是圆的。‖
→The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
（3）如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变 He says, ―I finished the work.‖他说：―我做完工作了。‖
He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。
He will say, ―I have watered the flowers.‖他会说：―我己经浇花了。‖
He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。
3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this/thesethat/those
时间状语now then
today that day
tonight that night
this week (month…) that week (month…)
Yesterdaythe day before
last week (month…) the week (month…)before
two weeks (month)ago two weeks (months)before
tomorrow the next day
next week (month…) the next week (month…)
地点状语 herethere
动 词 come---go Bring---take
He said, ―My sister was here three days ago.‖他说：―三天前我妹妹在这儿。‖
→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there; ago→before)
She said, ―I will come here this evening.‖她说：―今晚我将来这儿。‖
→She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。
（come→go；here→there；this→that）
以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
二、当直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。
例如： She said to me, ―I came back an hour ago.‖
→She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.
三、当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时
1、疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
2、主句中的谓语动词为said时，要改为asked；没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语 （如me，him等）。
3、句末用句号。
4、从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。
5、原句若为一般疑问句时，用whether或if 转
述； He said, ―Are you interested in English?‖
→He asked (me) if /whether I was interested in English.
6．原句若为选择疑问句时，用whether…or…/…or not；
I asked him, ―Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?‖
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
7.原句若为反意疑问句，则常用whether或if 转
述。 ―You’ve already got well, haven’t you?‖ she asked →She asked (me) whether/if I had already got well.
四、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时
如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导，其余的变化同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况2—5条一样。例如：
―What is your name?‖ he asked me.→He asked me what my name was.
He asked: ―Where are you to get off, Peter?‖
→He asked Peter where he was to get off.
如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化。 例如： ―Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class?‖ asked the boy’s father. →The boy’s father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.
五、当直接引语是祈使句时
直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语可用如下的结构―主语+asked sb. (not) to do sth.‖。
1、需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，则用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。
2、原主句谓语动词said须改为asked，told或ordered等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词。ask sb. (not) to do sth. 表示客气） tell sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性强于上面） order sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性最强）
例如：
He said, ―Don’t make so much noise.‖→He told us not to make so much noise.
3、原句有―please‖时，主句谓语多用asked（请求），并去掉please。 例如：
He said to me, ―Shut the window, please.‖→He asked me to shut the window.
4如果以let开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议，可用―suggest + that从句‖或―suggest doing‖来转述。例如：
―Let’s go to the cinema.‖ Tom said.→Tom suggested going to the cinema.
→Tom suggested that they should go to the cinema.
六、直接引语是感叹句时
直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或how引导，词序不变，也可用that 引导，将句子变成相应的名词性从句。例如：
She said, ―What a lovely day it is!‖→She said what a lovely day it was.
→She said that it was a lovely day.
He asked ________ for the computer.
did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. ―Have you seen the film?‖ he asked me. →He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
3. ―Please close the window,‖ he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window.
A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked to close D. said to; please close
4. ―I am a teacher,‖ Jack said. →He said _________.
A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, ―Mother, the boy is very naughty.‖ →He _____- very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was ―You’ve already got well, haven’t you?‖ she asked.
→She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
He asked , ― Are you a Party member or a League member?‖
→He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
He asked, ―How are you getting along?‖ →He asked _______.
A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along
9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
He said, ―Don’t do that again.‖ He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
11. He asked _________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
12. Can you make sure _______ the gold ring?
A. where Alice has put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice had put D. where has Alice put
13. These photos will show you __________.
what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how our village look like D. how our village looks like
You can’t imagine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
______ she said suggested that she hadn’t decided _________ to go or not.
A. What, if B. That, whether C. What, whether D. What, whichever
16. I’ll ask my parents _________.
A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to
17. ---Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
---I really don’t know ________ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B. that C. how D. if
He asked me if _____________.
the train will late B. the train always arrived late
C. the train arrives on time D. the train stops here
It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) _______ the world leading inventor for sixty years.
A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was
20. –Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. ---Where was I?
---You _______ you didn’t like your father’s job.
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
31. He asked me ________ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how
32. —Joyce, please don’t open the window. —Pardon?
—I ______ open the window.
A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to C. told you didn’t D. told you not to He _____ they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.
A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether
34. He asked _______ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much I paid D. how much did I pay
The teacher asked us ______ so much noise.
don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
36. The doctor asked me what _______ with me.
A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was
37. He asked the boy where _______.
A. his mother was B. was his mother C. his mother is D. is his mother
38. They said at last that they _______ better start out at once.
A. had had B. had C. had been D. was
The teacher said that doubt _______ the key of knowledge.
A. were B. are C. was D. Is
40. The actor said he _______ born in 1984.
A. was B. is C. be D. had been
DDCDC BCCDD DABBC
CAADC .BDACD CABDA
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。
人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：―一主、二宾、三不变‖。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。
例如： 1) He said, ―I am glad to see you.‖ →He said that he was glad to see me.
2) ―Do you know the man over there?‖ Mary said to Tom.
→Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there.
3) Jim said to me, ―Jane left her schoolbag at home.‖ →Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.
2、时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
He said, ―I usually watch TV on Sunday.‖他说：―我常在星期天看电视‖。
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said, ―I'm using the knife.‖他说：―我正在用小刀。‖
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said, ―I have not heard from him since May.‖她说：―自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。‖
→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said，―I came to help you.‖他说：―我来帮助你。‖
→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, ―The earth is round. ‖老师说：―地球是圆的。‖
→The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
（3）如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变 He says, ―I finished the work.‖他说：―我做完工作了。‖
He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。
He will say, ―I have watered the flowers.‖他会说：―我己经浇花了。‖
He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。
3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this/thesethat/those
时间状语now then
today that day
tonight that night
this week (month…) that week (month…)
Yesterdaythe day before
last week (month…) the week (month…)before
two weeks (month)ago two weeks (months)before
tomorrow the next day
next week (month…) the next week (month…)
地点状语 herethere
动 词 come---go Bring---take
He said, ―My sister was here three days ago.‖他说：―三天前我妹妹在这儿。‖
→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there; ago→before)
She said, ―I will come here this evening.‖她说：―今晚我将来这儿。‖
→She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。
（come→go；here→there；this→that）
以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
二、当直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。
例如： She said to me, ―I came back an hour ago.‖
→She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.
三、当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时
1、疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
2、主句中的谓语动词为said时，要改为asked；没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语 （如me，him等）。
3、句末用句号。
4、从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。
5、原句若为一般疑问句时，用whether或if 转
述； He said, ―Are you interested in English?‖
→He asked (me) if /whether I was interested in English.
6．原句若为选择疑问句时，用whether…or…/…or not；
I asked him, ―Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?‖
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
7.原句若为反意疑问句，则常用whether或if 转
述。 ―You’ve already got well, haven’t you?‖ she asked →She asked (me) whether/if I had already got well.
四、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时
如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导，其余的变化同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况2—5条一样。例如：
―What is your name?‖ he asked me.→He asked me what my name was.
He asked: ―Where are you to get off, Peter?‖
→He asked Peter where he was to get off.
如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化。 例如： ―Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class?‖ asked the boy’s father. →The boy’s father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.
五、当直接引语是祈使句时
直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语可用如下的结构―主语+asked sb. (not) to do sth.‖。
1、需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，则用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。
2、原主句谓语动词said须改为asked，told或ordered等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词。ask sb. (not) to do sth. 表示客气） tell sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性强于上面） order sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性最强）
例如：
He said, ―Don’t make so much noise.‖→He told us not to make so much noise.
3、原句有―please‖时，主句谓语多用asked（请求），并去掉please。 例如：
He said to me, ―Shut the window, please.‖→He asked me to shut the window.
4如果以let开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议，可用―suggest + that从句‖或―suggest doing‖来转述。例如：
―Let’s go to the cinema.‖ Tom said.→Tom suggested going to the cinema.
→Tom suggested that they should go to the cinema.
六、直接引语是感叹句时
直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或how引导，词序不变，也可用that 引导，将句子变成相应的名词性从句。例如：
She said, ―What a lovely day it is!‖→She said what a lovely day it was.
→She said that it was a lovely day.
He asked ________ for the computer.
did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. ―Have you seen the film?‖ he asked me. →He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
3. ―Please close the window,‖ he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window.
A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked to close D. said to; please close
4. ―I am a teacher,‖ Jack said. →He said _________.
A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, ―Mother, the boy is very naughty.‖ →He _____- very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was ―You’ve already got well, haven’t you?‖ she asked.
→She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
He asked , ― Are you a Party member or a League member?‖
→He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
He asked, ―How are you getting along?‖ →He asked _______.
A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along
9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
He said, ―Don’t do that again.‖ He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
11. He asked _________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
12. Can you make sure _______ the gold ring?
A. where Alice has put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice had put D. where has Alice put
13. These photos will show you __________.
what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how our village look like D. how our village looks like
You can’t imagine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
______ she said suggested that she hadn’t decided _________ to go or not.
A. What, if B. That, whether C. What, whether D. What, whichever
16. I’ll ask my parents _________.
A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to
17. ---Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
---I really don’t know ________ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B. that C. how D. if
He asked me if _____________.
the train will late B. the train always arrived late
C. the train arrives on time D. the train stops here
It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) _______ the world leading inventor for sixty years.
A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was
20. –Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. ---Where was I?
---You _______ you didn’t like your father’s job.
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
31. He asked me ________ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how
32. —Joyce, please don’t open the window. —Pardon?
—I ______ open the window.
A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to C. told you didn’t D. told you not to He _____ they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.
A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether
34. He asked _______ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much I paid D. how much did I pay
The teacher asked us ______ so much noise.
don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
36. The doctor asked me what _______ with me.
A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was
37. He asked the boy where _______.
A. his mother was B. was his mother C. his mother is D. is his mother
38. They said at last that they _______ better start out at once.
A. had had B. had C. had been D. was
The teacher said that doubt _______ the key of knowledge.
A. were B. are C. was D. Is
40. The actor said he _______ born in 1984.
A. was B. is C. be D. had been
DDCDC BCCDD DABBC
CAADC .BDACD CABDA