英文句子的? 合
句子? 合(sentence combining)的目的，就是把一些短句或「支? 破碎」的句子(short and choppy sentence)? 接起? 恚? 咕渥痈? 茫?? 羞B? 性。
以下把一般常用的句子? 合方法，? 例? 明。
(1)把?? 涡?simple form)的主? 、? 釉~、受? 或? 助?? 接起? 恚?? 榻Y 合型(compound form)：
例如：
Mr. Wang is applying for this position.
(王先生申????? 位。)
Mr. Lee is also applying for this position.
(李先生也申????? 位。)
上面? 删淇山M 成：
Mr. Wang and Mr. Lee are both applying for this position.
(把Mr. Wang和Mr. Lee用and? 接，成? 榻Y 合主? 。)
My wife read the book for an hour last night.
(昨晚? 热丝戳艘恍?r 的???
She also wrote a letter.
(她也?? 了一封信。)
In addition, she cooked a nice dinner.
(?有，她?? 艘活D 好晚餐。)
上面三句可? 成：
Last night my wife read the book for an hour wrote a letter and cooked a nice dinner.
(由於主? 相同，所以可把三??? 釉~read, wrote和cooked ，加逗? ，用and ?接，成? 合? 釉~。)
The school gave Mr. Chang extra credits for field work.
(?W校??? 先生?? 地考察的? 外?W 分。)
Mr. Lee was given extra credits as well.
(李先生也有? 外的?W 分。)
上面? 删淇山M 成：
The school gave Mr. Chang and Mr. Lee extra credits for field work.
(先把第二句的被??as given改? 橹? 俞幔? 侔验g 接受?Mr. Chang和Mr. Lee?接起? 怼?
The old man sat at a roadside stand.
(老人坐在路? 的?? 位。)
He sold vegetables to passing drivers.
(他? 蔬菜? 路? 的?? 。)
可? 成：
The old man sat at a roadside stand and sold vegetables to passing drivers.
(把? 釉~sat和sold 用and? 接，成? 榻Y 合? 釉~。)
I painted the house.
(我油漆房子。)
My wife painted the back fence.
(我? 热擞推後嵩旱幕h 笆。)
可? 成：
My wife and I painted the house and the back fence.
(把直接受?house 和fence 用and? 接，成? 榻Y 合受? 。)(?榱硕Y 貌，要把?e 人放在前面，不? ：I and my wife…)
Mr. A called Mr. B a scholar.
(A先生?B 先生是位?W 者。)
He also called Mr. B a philanthropist.
(他也?B 先生是位慈善家。)
Finally, Mr. A called Mr. B a wonderful man.
(最後A 先生?B 先生是位出色的人。)
上面三句可? 成：
Mr. A called Mr. B a scholar, a philanthropist and a wonderful man.
(把受?? 助?scholar, philanthropist和wonderful man 用comma 分? ，再用and? 成一???? 尉洹Ｔ?nd 的前面，通常不加comma 。)
The college library cost five million dollars.
(大?W?D??^花了五百? 元。)
It took five years to complete.
（它? 了五年的?r? 去完工。）
可? 成：
The college library cost five million dollars and took five years to complete.
（因??t 也指?D??^，所以可把直接受?dollars 和years? 接起? 怼＃?br />
Mr. Chen will bring a camcorder for the party.
（? 先生要? 檠????? 像?C 。）
One of his friends will also bring a camcorder for the party.
（他的一位朋友也要? 檠????? 像?C 。）
可? 成：
Both Mr. Chen and one of his friends will bring camcorders for the party.
（上面? 删洳煌? 闹髟~，可用both …and? 接，成? 榻Y 合式主? 。）
The faculty members elected John（as the）chairperson.
（教?????John? 主席。）
They also named Bob（as the）secretary.
（他?? 也指定Bob???? ＃?br /> 可? 成：
The faculty members elected John chairperson and Bob secretary.
（? 釉~elected和named 意? 相似，故可省去一?? 。把受?? 助?chairperson 和secretary 用and? 接起? 怼Ｈ绨选?s the」省去，就表示主席和??? 皇且环N 「office 」的工作而已。）
In the fitting room, Mary tried on the swimsuit.
（在? 衣?? ，Mary? 穿泳衣。）
She looked in the full-length mirror.
（她在?? 前照著。）
She then smiled.
（然後她笑了。）
上面三句可? 成：
In the fitting room, Mary tried on the swimsuit, looked in the full-length mirror and smiled. （由於主? 都是一? 樱?? 钥墒∪テ渌??he 。）
Mr. Wang's article stressed the terrible working condition in some of the Chinese factories. （王先生的文章??? 一些中???S 不良的工作? 境。）
It also described the cramped housing in Chinatown.
（? 文也描述中?? 堑莫M 窄房子。）
Finally, it pointed out the filthy environment there.
（最後? 文指出那? 不? 生的? 境。）
以上三句可? 成：
Mr. Wang's article stressed the terrible working condition in some of the Chinese factories and described the cramped housing and filthy environment in Chinatown.
（? 釉~described和pointed out意? 相似，但?? 釉~stressed意思不同。? 榱吮３衷? 猓? 匀灰???? 不同的? 釉~。）
（2）利用? Φ冗B 接（? coordinating conjunction）和? в羞B 接? 作用的副（? conjunctive adverb），把意? 相近的? 立句，? 接起? 恚???om-pound sentence。
常用的? Φ冗B 接? 如：but , or , so , for , therefore , because , nor , either…or , neither…nor , yet 等。
? в羞B 接? 作用的副? 如：besides , furthermore , otherwise , consequently , accordingly , thus , notwithstanding , still , whereas 等。
例如：
John will go to a piano lesson.
（John 要去上? 琴? 。）
Mary will stay home to baby sit her brother.
（Mary 要在家照? 弟弟。）
上面? 删淇山M 成：
John will go to a piano lesson and Mary will stay home to baby sit her sister.
（把????? 立句，用and 或but? 接，成? 榻Y 合句。）
Rain had soaked the football field.
（下雨使足球?? 裢噶恕＃?br /> The game was rescheduled.
（比? 的日期重新安排。）
可? 成：
Rain had soaked the football field; therefore, the game was rescheduled.
（把上面? 删洫? 立句，用therefore 或so? 接，成??ompound sentence。）
They were the last to leave the house.
（他?? 是最後?? 房子的。）
No one remembered to lock the door.
（?]有人? 得? 上? 。）
可? 成：
They were the last to leave the house, but no one remembered to lock the door.
（把上面? 删洫? 立句，用but? 接，成??ompound sentence。）
Unlike his friends, Mr. Lee enjoys his sideline job.
（不像他的朋友，李先生喜?g 他的兼? 。）
He likes to work seven days a week.
（他喜?g 一星期工作七天。）
可? 成：
Unlike his friends, Mr. Lee enjoys his sideline job; be-cause he likes to work seven days a week. （上面? 删溆?ecause 或therefore? 接，成??om-pound sentence。? 然，用不同的?? ，就有不同的意思。）
John will not attend the meeting.
（John 不去? ⒓娱_??＃?br /> Bill will not go to the movie.
（Bill 不去看? 影。）
可? 成：
John will not attend the meeting, nor will Bill go to the movie.
（用nor? 接?r ，要把主?Bill 放在助? 釉~will的後面。不? ：nor Bill will go…）
Bob lost his history notes.
（Bob? 失?v 史?? 。）
He had to spend the entire Sunday copying his girl-friend's work.
（他要花整?? 星期天抄他女友的功? 。）
可? 成：
Bob lost his history notes; consequently, he had to spend the entire Sunday copying his girlfriend's work.
（以上? 删洌??onsequently? 接，成? 榻Y 合句。）
My wife felt strongly about the need for a trip to California.
（? 热苏J? 橛斜匾? 郊又菀惶恕＃?br /> We held one two years ago.
（我??? 赡昵暗郊又菀恍小＃?br /> 可? 成：
My wife felt strongly about the need for a trip to California; accordingly, we held one two years ago.
（以上? 删洌??ccordingly? 接成??ompound sentence。）
I made other plans for tonight.
（今晚我有其他事情。）
I have already seen that movie.
（我已? 看? 那部? 影。）
可? 成：
I made other plans for tonight; besides, I have already seen that movie.
（?? 删溆?esides? 接，意思更能?? 。）
（3）在? 立句中，加上附? 僮盅郏?ubordinating words）或??S 代名? （relative pronoun），使其? 成附? 僮泳洌辉倥c 主要子句? 接，成? 檠}合句（complex sentence）。
最常用的附? 僮盅廴纾?f , as if , as though , because ,since , as , so that , unless , although , while , whenever , after , before 等。
主要??S 代名? 如：which , who , whose , whom , that等。
例如：
My wife served the dishes.
（? 热嗽诙瞬恕＃?br /> I entertained the guests.
（我在招待客人。）
可? 成：
My wife served the dishes, while I entertained the guests.
（while I entertained the guests成? 楦? 僮泳洌?? 渚褪茄}合句，served 和 entertained???? 幼鳎? 缀跬?r? 生。）
John received a package in the mail.
（John 收到一?? 包裹。）
He opened it quickly.
（他? 上打? 。）
可? 成：
When John received a package in the mail, he opened it quickly.
（When John……是附? 僮泳洌?e opened……是? 立子句。）
The room was very quiet.
（房? 很安? 。）
I still could not concentrate on my work.
（我仍然不能聚精?? 竦墓ぷ鳌＃?br /> 可? 成：
Although the room was very quiet, I still could not concentrate on my work.
（用although 或even though或though ，? 成附? 倬洹Ｍǔ］^不重要的，成? 楦? 倬洹＃?br /> You are in doubt about your income tax.
（你? λ? 枚? 有疑?? 。）
You may visit the IRS staff for help.
（你可找?? 站秩?T? 兔Α＃?br /> 可? 成：
When （you are）in doubt about your income tax ,（you may）visit ……
（如果主要子句和附? 倬渲髟~相同，那? 附? 倬渲械?erb to be可省去：When in doubt about ……）
Vitamin C tablets may reduce your chance of getting a cold.
（? 他命C 丸可能?p 少感冒?C?? ＃?br /> They are taken regularly.
（正? 地服用。）
可? 成：
Vitamin C tablets, if（they are）taken regularly, may reduce your chance of getting a cold.
（在附? 倬溲e ，they 是指tablets ，因? 删渲髟~相同，可省去they are。"if taken regularly"?可放在句尾，或句首，但放在句中? 好，表示分量?? 。）
The murderer admitted his guilt.
（? 词终J 罪了。）
The innocent man was killed.
（?o 辜的男子被? ⅰ＃?br /> 可? 成：
After the innocent man killed, the murderer admitted his guilt.
（附? 倬?fter the innocent……放在句首，表示分量? 重；放在句尾，表示分量? ；放在句中不好。）
Suppose there are no hamburgers.
（假如?]有?h 堡。）
Suppose there are no hot dogs.
（假如?]有? 峁贰＃?br /> Can a picnic really be fun？
（野餐??? 啡? 幔浚?br /> The picnic is on this Saturday.
（野餐是在本周六。）
上面四句可? 成：
In case there are no hamburgers and hot dogs, can this Saturday picnic really be fun?
（在附? 倬渲校? 捎?n case，或if ，或in the event that，意思大致相同。）
More colleges are creating loan plans to aid students from middle-income families.
（更多的大?W 制?? 款??? 中等收入家庭的?W 生。）
Middle-income families are not rich enough to pay rising college costs.
（中等收入的家庭，?o 能支付大?W 的昂?? 用。）
Middle-income families are not poor enough to qualify for assistance.
（中等收入家庭，又不是太? 而? 蛸Y 格申?? 助。）
以上三句，可? 成：
Even though more colleges are creating loan plans to aid students from middle-income
families,(yet)they are either not rich enough to pay rising college costs or not poor enough to qualify for assistance.
（加上even though，? 成附? 倬洌恢饕? 泳溲e 用either ……or? 接。句首的yet 也可省去。）
Many Chinese officials took bribes from citizens.
（? 多中???T 接受百姓的?? 。）
They misused the public trust.
（他???E 用了大? 的信任。）
可? 成：
Many Chinese officials, who took bribes from citizens, misused the public trust.
(who took bribes from citizens是附? 倬洌?? 形容? ，修?officials 。加comma 表示多? 倒?T 。）
The man will head the trade delegation.
（? 位男子? ⒁? 暑I? 易????F 。）
We met him last week.
（我?? 上周?? 他。）
可? 成：
The man whom we met last week will head the trade delegation.
（whom we met last week就是附? 倬洌?? 形容? ，修?man ；因??hom 是? 釉~met的受? ，故用受格。）
The idea still catches on.
（?? 想法? 很流行。）
Mr. Wang approved of the idea.
（王先生同意?? 想法。）（approved of=agreed）
可? 成：
The idea which Mr. Wang approved of still catches on.
（如果只用approved ，表示有?Q 定的? 嗔Γ? 屈N 就可以? ：
The idea which Mr. Wang approved still catches on.）
The project turned out successfully.
（??? 的? 果很成功。）
He worked on the project for months.
（他在??? 上花了??? 月。）
可? 成：
The project on which he worked for months turned out successfully.
（on which he worked for months是附? 倬洌?? 形容? ，修?project 。on 放在which 前，要比放在worked 後面好。）
The customer left this morning.
（? 客今早?? 。）
His coat had been stolen.
（他的大衣被偷了。）
可? 成：
The customer whose coat had been stolen left this morning.
（whose coat had been stolen是附? 倬洌? 揎?customer 。）
（4）使用同位? （appositives ），不但能?p 少字? 担? 部墒咕渲械拿?~或代名? ，解? 得更清楚。
例如：
Mr. A used to teach (at the) high school.
（A 先生? 去在? 所高中教???
He is our new professor.
（他是我?? 的新教授。）
可? 成：
Mr. A, our new professor, used to teach (at the) high school.
(new professor就是解?Mr. A。)
(teach high school是指教高中的程度；而teach at the high school是指在某一高中教???
Many students in the school play basketball.
（?W 校?? 多?W 生打? 球。）
Basketball is a popular sport in China.
（? 球在中?? 橇餍械倪? 印＃?br /> 可? 成：
Many students in the school play basketball, a popular sport in China.
也可用子句：
Many students in the school play basketball which (that) is a popular sport in China.
(用which 或that 形成附? 倬洌? 揎?basketball 。)
Some African-American leaders viewed equal opportunity as the most important civil right issue. （一些非洲裔? 袖?? 槠降?C?? 侨? 嘧钪匾???? 。）
They are especially the more conservative.
（那些人比? 保守。）
可? 成：
Some African-American leaders, especially the more conservative, viewed equal opportunity as the most important civil right issue.
(有?rappositives 可用namely, in other words, for example, including, especially, particularly, notably, mainly?硪? Ь渥印?
Her school has denied a speaking permit to Mr. Lee.
（她的?W 校不准李先生演? 。）
He is an outspoken politician.
（他是一位?? 爽直的政客。）
可? 成：
Her school has denied a speaking permit to Mr. Lee, an outspoken politician.
或Mr. Lee, an outspoken politician, has been denied a speaking permit by her school. 或A speaking permit to Mr. Lee, an outspoken politician, has been denied by her school. 或An outspoken politician, Mr. Lee has been denied a speaking permit by her school. （同位??? 拷?? 忉? 的名? 或代名? ；如上句an outspoken politician 放在靠近Mr. Lee。) 同位? 是用comma, dash或colon 分? 。
comma （，）表示?? 者照??? 出，不?? 钊梭@?。
dash （─）表示加重?? 狻?br /> colon（：）表示? 正式?? 烂C 。
My daughter bought a beautiful vase for her best friend, her mother.
（也可用─或：）
（5）使用介系? 或介? 片?(preposition or prepositional phrase)，把句子? 接起? 怼?br /> 例如：
A dog barked at me as I walked across the street.
（我?? 路?r ，一? 狗? ξ曳徒小＃?br /> The dog was in my neighbor's yard.
（那? 狗在我? 居的院子? 。）
可? 成：
A dog in my neighbor's yard barked at me as I walked across the street.
（in my neighbor's yard 是介? 片? ，修? 主?dog ）
The schedule of the secretarial pool was crowded.
（秘??? 的工作很忙。）
No one could type this article right away.
（?]有人有空? 上打? 篇文章。）
可? 成：
Because of a crowded schedule of the secretarial pool, no one could type this article right away. （也可用介? 片?due to，或on account of，修? 主?one 。）
Snakes have a fearful look.
（蛇有?? 可怕的? 相。）
They are not really dangerous if you leave them alone.
（??? 不?? 嬲? 奈ｋU ，假如你不去???? 。）
可? 成：
Despite their fearful look, snakes are not really dangerous if you leave them alone.
（也可用in spite of的介? 片? ，修?snakes ）
He complied with the local law.
（他遵守? 地的法律。）
He paid $100 fine because he drank beer in a public street.
（由於在公共? 路上喝啤酒，他? 了一百元? 款。）
可? 成：
In compliance with the local law, he paid $100 fine for drinking beer in a public street. （也可用according to，under 或within 。）
Many Chinese believe that all Americans are wealthy.
（? 多中?? 苏J? 槊?? 硕己芨挥小＃?br /> There are millions of Americans still in poverty. （? 有千千?? 的美?? 撕茇?? 。）
可? 成：
Contrary to much Chinese belief that all Americans are wealthy, there are millions of Americans still in poverty.
（belief 不用?? 担? 硎?ne same belief。）
You may blow up the gym ball.
（你可以吹? 育? 馇颉＃?br /> You may use a foot pump.
（你可用? 踏泵打? 狻＃?br /> Or you can do it by mouth.
（你也可用嘴吹。）
But do it outside of this room.
（但要在? 房? 外面吹。）
可把上面四句? 成：
By means of a foot pump or by mouth, you may blow up the gym ball outside of this room.
（也可以把介? 片? 放在句尾。）
其他的介? 片?? 有：rather than，in the absence of，in addition to，aside from，except for等。
(6)利用? 在分? 片? （present participial phrase）。也就是在? 釉~原式後加ing ，? 形容? ，修? 最靠近的主? ，?K 且? в兄? 拥奈兜溃? 硎疽??? 幼髋c 另一??? 幼鳎? 缀跬?r? 生。
例如：
Mrs. Wang sat on the porch.
（王太太坐在走廊上。）
She watched the sunrise.
（她在看日出。）
可? 成：
Sitting on the porch, Mrs. Wang watched the sunrise.
（sitting on the porch是? 在分? 片? ，修?Mrs. Wang；??rsat?watched???? 幼鳎? 缀跬?r? 生。） 也可用：
Watching the sunrise, Mrs. Wang sat on the porch.
（verb to be多半可? 成? 在分? 。其他? 釉~，?t? 情?r 是否合理而定。）
His wife came to the dinner party.
（他太太?? ⒓油聿脱?? ＃?br /> She was wearing her new dress.
（她穿著她的新? 。）
可? 成：
Wearing her new dress, his wife came to the dinner party.
或 His wife, wearing her new dress, came to……
（? 句分? 片? ，倒不能放在句尾，因? 榕c 修? 的主?wife ，相距太? 。）
或Going to the dinner party, his wife wore her new dress.
（要把? 釉~改??o ，才? 合理。）
The dog was barking angrily.
（狗叫得很?? 害。）
The dog raced after the car.
（狗在追汽? 。）
可? 成：
Barking angrily, the dog raced after the car.
或 Racing after the car, the dog was barking angrily.
（分? 片? ，都是修? 主?dog 。）
The theater closed for good.
（? 蛟河谰藐P? 。）
The theater had shown the last movie.
（? 蛟悍庞匙钺嵋徊侩? 影。）
可? 成：
Having shown the last movie, the theater closed for good.
（had shown的? 幼鳎??losed? 幼髟纾? 视猛瓿墒降默F 在分? 片? 。）
He went from door to door.
（他挨家挨? 舻刈摺＃?br /> He reminded people to vote.
（他提醒人?? 去投票。）
可? 成：
Reminding people to vote, he went from door to door.
或 Going from door to door, he reminded people to vote.
He thought that the envelope was empty.
（他以? 樾欧馐强盏摹＃?br /> He threw it away.
（他把它扔了。）
可? 成：
Thinking that the envelope was empty, he threw it away.
The newspaper printed his letter.
（? 蠹? 登了他的信。）
It gave both sides of the argument.
（它? 明? 方面的??? 。）
可? 成：
The newspaper printed his letter, giving both sides of the argument.
（it 是指letter ；所以片? 要修?letter ，不是修?newspaper 。不能? 成：Giving both sides of…,the newspaper printed his letter.）
He was climbing the ladder.
（他爬梯子。）
He struck his head on the ceiling.
（他的? 打到天花板。）
可? 成：
Climbing the ladder, he struck his head on the ceiling.
不能? ：
Climbing the ladder, his head struck…
（片? 是修?he ，不是head ）
也不能? ：
Striking his head on…, he climbed…
（因? 椴缓侠恚?br />
Mr. Hsu was born in Taiwan.
（徐先生在台? 吵錾? ＃?br /> He now serves as a computer designer.
（他? 在是?????? 。）
He was educated at Stanford University.
（他在史丹福大?W 受教育。）
上面三句可? 成：
Serving as a computer designer, Mr. Hsu was born in Taiwan and educated at Stanford University. 或 Mr. Hsu, serving as…, was born in…
但不能放在句尾，因? 榕c 所修? 的主?Hsu ，相距太? 。
Mr. Chen expects a letter from his girlfriend.
（? 先生期待女友的? 硇拧＃?br /> He constantly checks his mailbox.
（他常常看他的信箱。）
可? 成：
Expecting a letter from his girlfriend, Mr. Chen constantly checks his mailbox.
或Checking constantly his mailbox, Mr. Chen expects a letter from his girlfriend.
或Mr. Chen, expecting a letter…, constantly checks his mailbox.
或Mr. Chen, checking constantly…, expects a letter from...（片? 都靠近主?Mr. Chen）
（7）使用? 去分? 片? （past participial phrase），也就是? 釉~後面有ed ，en ，或n ，以及不??t? 釉~。有「被? 印沟奈兜馈Ｆ? 幼骺赡芘c 另一? 幼魍?r? 生或更早? 生。
例如：
Mr. A gave the speech.（A 先生演? 。）
He was cheered by the audience.（他受???g 呼。）
可? 成：
Cheered by the audience, Mr. A gave the speech.（把第二句的 He was ?h去）
或Mr. A, cheered by…, gave the speech.
（cheered by the audience是? 去分? 片? ，? 形容? ，修? 主?Mr. A）
（如果把片? 放在句尾也不好，因? 榕c 主?Mr. A相距太? 。??? 在分? 片? 的原?t 相同。）
The ship was badly damaged by the storm.
（船被暴? 造成很大的?p 害。）
The ship finally reached a safe harbor.
（最後船抵? 安全的港口。）
可? 成：
Badly damaged by the storm, the ship finally reached a safe harbor.
（Badly damaged by the storm 修? 主? the ship）
或The ship, badly damaged…, finally reached a safe harbor.
The gift was wrapped in red paper.
（? 物用?? 包著。）
Miss Chen accepted the gift.
（? 小姐接受了? 物。）
可? 成：
Miss Chen accepted the gift wrapped in red paper.
（可? 句中的verb to be，都可?h 去，? 成? 去分? 片? 。wrapped in red paper是修?gift ，故不能放在句首，否?t? 成修?Miss Chen，就不合理了。）
Her daughter has been discouraged by her poor grades.
（她女? 阂虺煽? 不好而?? 狻＃?br /> She does not want to go to school.
可? 成：
Discouraged by her poor grades, her daughter does not want to go to school.
或Her daughter, discouraged by…, does not…
（但不能放在句尾，否?t 分? 片?? 成修?school 。）
The swimming pool is operated by YMCA.
（游泳池?S 由YMCA 掌管。）
It is open only to its members.
（它只???T? 放。）
可? 成：
Operated by YMCA, the pool is open only to its members.（修?pool ）
或The pool, operated by…, is open…
（但分? 片? 不能放在句尾，否?t? 成修?members 。）
The shirt was spattered with red paint.
（? 衣?R 到? 漆。）
It could not be worn.
（不能再穿了。）
可? 成：
Spattered with red paint, the shirt could not be worn.
或The shirt, spattered with…, could not…
（分? 片? ，? 接著要修? 的shirt ，? 然更好。）
不能? ：
Spattered with…, I could not wear the shirt.
John's hat was chewed to pieces by the dog.
（John 的帽子，被狗咬得碎碎的。）
John could not wear his hat.
可? 成：
Chewed to pieces by the dog, John's hat could not be worn.
或John's hat, chewed to pieces…, could not…
不能? ：
Chewed to pieces…, John could not wear his hat.
（因? 椴皇?ohn 被狗咬得粉身碎骨。）
可? ，不? 是? 在分? 片? ，或是? 去分? 片? ，都是? 靠著要修? 的名? 或代名? 。
（8）使用? 用?~（gerund ）和不定? （infinitive ），做? 槊?~的代替，（noun substitutes）。
例如：
The dog howled and whined at night.
（夜晚狗在吠叫和哀? 。）
This made our neighbors upset.
可? 成：
The dog's howling and whining at night made our neighbors upset.
（把? 釉~原式 howl 和 whine ，加ing ，? 名? 用。）
或用不定? ：
For the dog, to howl and to whine at night made our neighbors upset.
（在? 釉~原式前加to ，就成? 椴欢ㄔ~，也可? 名? 用。）
Many people treat illness through the mind.
（? 多人? 由心理去治病。）
This seems to be a modern way in medicine.
（? 似乎是? 代?? 之道。）
可? 成：
Treating illness through the mind seems to be a modern way in medicine.
（treating 是? 用?~）
或To treat illness through the mind seems to be…
（to treat 是不定? ，? 主? ）
Some people believe Japan did not kill 35 million Chinese people.
（有些人相信日本?]有? ⒑?500? 中?? 恕＃?br /> They ignore the true history of World War Ⅱ. （他?? 忽? 了二次世界大? 鸬恼???v 史。）
可? 合成：
To believe that Japan did not kill 35 million Chinese people is to ignore the true history of World War Ⅱ.
（使用不定? to believe, to ignore 作? 槊?~）
或Believing that Japan did not…is ignoring the true history…
（Believing 和 ignoring 都是? 用?~）
Mr. Li bought a beautiful house.
（李先生? 了一?? 漂亮的房子。）
He wanted to impress his friends and relatives.
（他要使? 友?? 留下深刻印象。）
可? 成：
Mr. Li bought a beautiful house to impress his friends and relatives.
或To impress his friends and relatives, Mr. Li bought a beautiful house.
（表示一? 目的或期望，多用不定? 。）
不定? 和? 用?~的?? 用法，容後? Ｎ挠?? 。
英文句子的? 合
句子? 合(sentence combining)的目的，就是把一些短句或「支? 破碎」的句子(short and choppy sentence)? 接起? 恚? 咕渥痈? 茫?? 羞B? 性。
以下把一般常用的句子? 合方法，? 例? 明。
(1)把?? 涡?simple form)的主? 、? 釉~、受? 或? 助?? 接起? 恚?? 榻Y 合型(compound form)：
例如：
Mr. Wang is applying for this position.
(王先生申????? 位。)
Mr. Lee is also applying for this position.
(李先生也申????? 位。)
上面? 删淇山M 成：
Mr. Wang and Mr. Lee are both applying for this position.
(把Mr. Wang和Mr. Lee用and? 接，成? 榻Y 合主? 。)
My wife read the book for an hour last night.
(昨晚? 热丝戳艘恍?r 的???
She also wrote a letter.
(她也?? 了一封信。)
In addition, she cooked a nice dinner.
(?有，她?? 艘活D 好晚餐。)
上面三句可? 成：
Last night my wife read the book for an hour wrote a letter and cooked a nice dinner.
(由於主? 相同，所以可把三??? 釉~read, wrote和cooked ，加逗? ，用and ?接，成? 合? 釉~。)
The school gave Mr. Chang extra credits for field work.
(?W校??? 先生?? 地考察的? 外?W 分。)
Mr. Lee was given extra credits as well.
(李先生也有? 外的?W 分。)
上面? 删淇山M 成：
The school gave Mr. Chang and Mr. Lee extra credits for field work.
(先把第二句的被??as given改? 橹? 俞幔? 侔验g 接受?Mr. Chang和Mr. Lee?接起? 怼?
The old man sat at a roadside stand.
(老人坐在路? 的?? 位。)
He sold vegetables to passing drivers.
(他? 蔬菜? 路? 的?? 。)
可? 成：
The old man sat at a roadside stand and sold vegetables to passing drivers.
(把? 釉~sat和sold 用and? 接，成? 榻Y 合? 釉~。)
I painted the house.
(我油漆房子。)
My wife painted the back fence.
(我? 热擞推後嵩旱幕h 笆。)
可? 成：
My wife and I painted the house and the back fence.
(把直接受?house 和fence 用and? 接，成? 榻Y 合受? 。)(?榱硕Y 貌，要把?e 人放在前面，不? ：I and my wife…)
Mr. A called Mr. B a scholar.
(A先生?B 先生是位?W 者。)
He also called Mr. B a philanthropist.
(他也?B 先生是位慈善家。)
Finally, Mr. A called Mr. B a wonderful man.
(最後A 先生?B 先生是位出色的人。)
上面三句可? 成：
Mr. A called Mr. B a scholar, a philanthropist and a wonderful man.
(把受?? 助?scholar, philanthropist和wonderful man 用comma 分? ，再用and? 成一???? 尉洹Ｔ?nd 的前面，通常不加comma 。)
The college library cost five million dollars.
(大?W?D??^花了五百? 元。)
It took five years to complete.
（它? 了五年的?r? 去完工。）
可? 成：
The college library cost five million dollars and took five years to complete.
（因??t 也指?D??^，所以可把直接受?dollars 和years? 接起? 怼＃?br />
Mr. Chen will bring a camcorder for the party.
（? 先生要? 檠????? 像?C 。）
One of his friends will also bring a camcorder for the party.
（他的一位朋友也要? 檠????? 像?C 。）
可? 成：
Both Mr. Chen and one of his friends will bring camcorders for the party.
（上面? 删洳煌? 闹髟~，可用both …and? 接，成? 榻Y 合式主? 。）
The faculty members elected John（as the）chairperson.
（教?????John? 主席。）
They also named Bob（as the）secretary.
（他?? 也指定Bob???? ＃?br /> 可? 成：
The faculty members elected John chairperson and Bob secretary.
（? 釉~elected和named 意? 相似，故可省去一?? 。把受?? 助?chairperson 和secretary 用and? 接起? 怼Ｈ绨选?s the」省去，就表示主席和??? 皇且环N 「office 」的工作而已。）
In the fitting room, Mary tried on the swimsuit.
（在? 衣?? ，Mary? 穿泳衣。）
She looked in the full-length mirror.
（她在?? 前照著。）
She then smiled.
（然後她笑了。）
上面三句可? 成：
In the fitting room, Mary tried on the swimsuit, looked in the full-length mirror and smiled. （由於主? 都是一? 樱?? 钥墒∪テ渌??he 。）
Mr. Wang's article stressed the terrible working condition in some of the Chinese factories. （王先生的文章??? 一些中???S 不良的工作? 境。）
It also described the cramped housing in Chinatown.
（? 文也描述中?? 堑莫M 窄房子。）
Finally, it pointed out the filthy environment there.
（最後? 文指出那? 不? 生的? 境。）
以上三句可? 成：
Mr. Wang's article stressed the terrible working condition in some of the Chinese factories and described the cramped housing and filthy environment in Chinatown.
（? 釉~described和pointed out意? 相似，但?? 釉~stressed意思不同。? 榱吮３衷? 猓? 匀灰???? 不同的? 釉~。）
（2）利用? Φ冗B 接（? coordinating conjunction）和? в羞B 接? 作用的副（? conjunctive adverb），把意? 相近的? 立句，? 接起? 恚???om-pound sentence。
常用的? Φ冗B 接? 如：but , or , so , for , therefore , because , nor , either…or , neither…nor , yet 等。
? в羞B 接? 作用的副? 如：besides , furthermore , otherwise , consequently , accordingly , thus , notwithstanding , still , whereas 等。
例如：
John will go to a piano lesson.
（John 要去上? 琴? 。）
Mary will stay home to baby sit her brother.
（Mary 要在家照? 弟弟。）
上面? 删淇山M 成：
John will go to a piano lesson and Mary will stay home to baby sit her sister.
（把????? 立句，用and 或but? 接，成? 榻Y 合句。）
Rain had soaked the football field.
（下雨使足球?? 裢噶恕＃?br /> The game was rescheduled.
（比? 的日期重新安排。）
可? 成：
Rain had soaked the football field; therefore, the game was rescheduled.
（把上面? 删洫? 立句，用therefore 或so? 接，成??ompound sentence。）
They were the last to leave the house.
（他?? 是最後?? 房子的。）
No one remembered to lock the door.
（?]有人? 得? 上? 。）
可? 成：
They were the last to leave the house, but no one remembered to lock the door.
（把上面? 删洫? 立句，用but? 接，成??ompound sentence。）
Unlike his friends, Mr. Lee enjoys his sideline job.
（不像他的朋友，李先生喜?g 他的兼? 。）
He likes to work seven days a week.
（他喜?g 一星期工作七天。）
可? 成：
Unlike his friends, Mr. Lee enjoys his sideline job; be-cause he likes to work seven days a week. （上面? 删溆?ecause 或therefore? 接，成??om-pound sentence。? 然，用不同的?? ，就有不同的意思。）
John will not attend the meeting.
（John 不去? ⒓娱_??＃?br /> Bill will not go to the movie.
（Bill 不去看? 影。）
可? 成：
John will not attend the meeting, nor will Bill go to the movie.
（用nor? 接?r ，要把主?Bill 放在助? 釉~will的後面。不? ：nor Bill will go…）
Bob lost his history notes.
（Bob? 失?v 史?? 。）
He had to spend the entire Sunday copying his girl-friend's work.
（他要花整?? 星期天抄他女友的功? 。）
可? 成：
Bob lost his history notes; consequently, he had to spend the entire Sunday copying his girlfriend's work.
（以上? 删洌??onsequently? 接，成? 榻Y 合句。）
My wife felt strongly about the need for a trip to California.
（? 热苏J? 橛斜匾? 郊又菀惶恕＃?br /> We held one two years ago.
（我??? 赡昵暗郊又菀恍小＃?br /> 可? 成：
My wife felt strongly about the need for a trip to California; accordingly, we held one two years ago.
（以上? 删洌??ccordingly? 接成??ompound sentence。）
I made other plans for tonight.
（今晚我有其他事情。）
I have already seen that movie.
（我已? 看? 那部? 影。）
可? 成：
I made other plans for tonight; besides, I have already seen that movie.
（?? 删溆?esides? 接，意思更能?? 。）
（3）在? 立句中，加上附? 僮盅郏?ubordinating words）或??S 代名? （relative pronoun），使其? 成附? 僮泳洌辉倥c 主要子句? 接，成? 檠}合句（complex sentence）。
最常用的附? 僮盅廴纾?f , as if , as though , because ,since , as , so that , unless , although , while , whenever , after , before 等。
主要??S 代名? 如：which , who , whose , whom , that等。
例如：
My wife served the dishes.
（? 热嗽诙瞬恕＃?br /> I entertained the guests.
（我在招待客人。）
可? 成：
My wife served the dishes, while I entertained the guests.
（while I entertained the guests成? 楦? 僮泳洌?? 渚褪茄}合句，served 和 entertained???? 幼鳎? 缀跬?r? 生。）
John received a package in the mail.
（John 收到一?? 包裹。）
He opened it quickly.
（他? 上打? 。）
可? 成：
When John received a package in the mail, he opened it quickly.
（When John……是附? 僮泳洌?e opened……是? 立子句。）
The room was very quiet.
（房? 很安? 。）
I still could not concentrate on my work.
（我仍然不能聚精?? 竦墓ぷ鳌＃?br /> 可? 成：
Although the room was very quiet, I still could not concentrate on my work.
（用although 或even though或though ，? 成附? 倬洹Ｍǔ］^不重要的，成? 楦? 倬洹＃?br /> You are in doubt about your income tax.
（你? λ? 枚? 有疑?? 。）
You may visit the IRS staff for help.
（你可找?? 站秩?T? 兔Α＃?br /> 可? 成：
When （you are）in doubt about your income tax ,（you may）visit ……
（如果主要子句和附? 倬渲髟~相同，那? 附? 倬渲械?erb to be可省去：When in doubt about ……）
Vitamin C tablets may reduce your chance of getting a cold.
（? 他命C 丸可能?p 少感冒?C?? ＃?br /> They are taken regularly.
（正? 地服用。）
可? 成：
Vitamin C tablets, if（they are）taken regularly, may reduce your chance of getting a cold.
（在附? 倬溲e ，they 是指tablets ，因? 删渲髟~相同，可省去they are。"if taken regularly"?可放在句尾，或句首，但放在句中? 好，表示分量?? 。）
The murderer admitted his guilt.
（? 词终J 罪了。）
The innocent man was killed.
（?o 辜的男子被? ⅰ＃?br /> 可? 成：
After the innocent man killed, the murderer admitted his guilt.
（附? 倬?fter the innocent……放在句首，表示分量? 重；放在句尾，表示分量? ；放在句中不好。）
Suppose there are no hamburgers.
（假如?]有?h 堡。）
Suppose there are no hot dogs.
（假如?]有? 峁贰＃?br /> Can a picnic really be fun？
（野餐??? 啡? 幔浚?br /> The picnic is on this Saturday.
（野餐是在本周六。）
上面四句可? 成：
In case there are no hamburgers and hot dogs, can this Saturday picnic really be fun?
（在附? 倬渲校? 捎?n case，或if ，或in the event that，意思大致相同。）
More colleges are creating loan plans to aid students from middle-income families.
（更多的大?W 制?? 款??? 中等收入家庭的?W 生。）
Middle-income families are not rich enough to pay rising college costs.
（中等收入的家庭，?o 能支付大?W 的昂?? 用。）
Middle-income families are not poor enough to qualify for assistance.
（中等收入家庭，又不是太? 而? 蛸Y 格申?? 助。）
以上三句，可? 成：
Even though more colleges are creating loan plans to aid students from middle-income
families,(yet)they are either not rich enough to pay rising college costs or not poor enough to qualify for assistance.
（加上even though，? 成附? 倬洌恢饕? 泳溲e 用either ……or? 接。句首的yet 也可省去。）
Many Chinese officials took bribes from citizens.
（? 多中???T 接受百姓的?? 。）
They misused the public trust.
（他???E 用了大? 的信任。）
可? 成：
Many Chinese officials, who took bribes from citizens, misused the public trust.
(who took bribes from citizens是附? 倬洌?? 形容? ，修?officials 。加comma 表示多? 倒?T 。）
The man will head the trade delegation.
（? 位男子? ⒁? 暑I? 易????F 。）
We met him last week.
（我?? 上周?? 他。）
可? 成：
The man whom we met last week will head the trade delegation.
（whom we met last week就是附? 倬洌?? 形容? ，修?man ；因??hom 是? 釉~met的受? ，故用受格。）
The idea still catches on.
（?? 想法? 很流行。）
Mr. Wang approved of the idea.
（王先生同意?? 想法。）（approved of=agreed）
可? 成：
The idea which Mr. Wang approved of still catches on.
（如果只用approved ，表示有?Q 定的? 嗔Γ? 屈N 就可以? ：
The idea which Mr. Wang approved still catches on.）
The project turned out successfully.
（??? 的? 果很成功。）
He worked on the project for months.
（他在??? 上花了??? 月。）
可? 成：
The project on which he worked for months turned out successfully.
（on which he worked for months是附? 倬洌?? 形容? ，修?project 。on 放在which 前，要比放在worked 後面好。）
The customer left this morning.
（? 客今早?? 。）
His coat had been stolen.
（他的大衣被偷了。）
可? 成：
The customer whose coat had been stolen left this morning.
（whose coat had been stolen是附? 倬洌? 揎?customer 。）
（4）使用同位? （appositives ），不但能?p 少字? 担? 部墒咕渲械拿?~或代名? ，解? 得更清楚。
例如：
Mr. A used to teach (at the) high school.
（A 先生? 去在? 所高中教???
He is our new professor.
（他是我?? 的新教授。）
可? 成：
Mr. A, our new professor, used to teach (at the) high school.
(new professor就是解?Mr. A。)
(teach high school是指教高中的程度；而teach at the high school是指在某一高中教???
Many students in the school play basketball.
（?W 校?? 多?W 生打? 球。）
Basketball is a popular sport in China.
（? 球在中?? 橇餍械倪? 印＃?br /> 可? 成：
Many students in the school play basketball, a popular sport in China.
也可用子句：
Many students in the school play basketball which (that) is a popular sport in China.
(用which 或that 形成附? 倬洌? 揎?basketball 。)
Some African-American leaders viewed equal opportunity as the most important civil right issue. （一些非洲裔? 袖?? 槠降?C?? 侨? 嘧钪匾???? 。）
They are especially the more conservative.
（那些人比? 保守。）
可? 成：
Some African-American leaders, especially the more conservative, viewed equal opportunity as the most important civil right issue.
(有?rappositives 可用namely, in other words, for example, including, especially, particularly, notably, mainly?硪? Ь渥印?
Her school has denied a speaking permit to Mr. Lee.
（她的?W 校不准李先生演? 。）
He is an outspoken politician.
（他是一位?? 爽直的政客。）
可? 成：
Her school has denied a speaking permit to Mr. Lee, an outspoken politician.
或Mr. Lee, an outspoken politician, has been denied a speaking permit by her school. 或A speaking permit to Mr. Lee, an outspoken politician, has been denied by her school. 或An outspoken politician, Mr. Lee has been denied a speaking permit by her school. （同位??? 拷?? 忉? 的名? 或代名? ；如上句an outspoken politician 放在靠近Mr. Lee。) 同位? 是用comma, dash或colon 分? 。
comma （，）表示?? 者照??? 出，不?? 钊梭@?。
dash （─）表示加重?? 狻?br /> colon（：）表示? 正式?? 烂C 。
My daughter bought a beautiful vase for her best friend, her mother.
（也可用─或：）
（5）使用介系? 或介? 片?(preposition or prepositional phrase)，把句子? 接起? 怼?br /> 例如：
A dog barked at me as I walked across the street.
（我?? 路?r ，一? 狗? ξ曳徒小＃?br /> The dog was in my neighbor's yard.
（那? 狗在我? 居的院子? 。）
可? 成：
A dog in my neighbor's yard barked at me as I walked across the street.
（in my neighbor's yard 是介? 片? ，修? 主?dog ）
The schedule of the secretarial pool was crowded.
（秘??? 的工作很忙。）
No one could type this article right away.
（?]有人有空? 上打? 篇文章。）
可? 成：
Because of a crowded schedule of the secretarial pool, no one could type this article right away. （也可用介? 片?due to，或on account of，修? 主?one 。）
Snakes have a fearful look.
（蛇有?? 可怕的? 相。）
They are not really dangerous if you leave them alone.
（??? 不?? 嬲? 奈ｋU ，假如你不去???? 。）
可? 成：
Despite their fearful look, snakes are not really dangerous if you leave them alone.
（也可用in spite of的介? 片? ，修?snakes ）
He complied with the local law.
（他遵守? 地的法律。）
He paid $100 fine because he drank beer in a public street.
（由於在公共? 路上喝啤酒，他? 了一百元? 款。）
可? 成：
In compliance with the local law, he paid $100 fine for drinking beer in a public street. （也可用according to，under 或within 。）
Many Chinese believe that all Americans are wealthy.
（? 多中?? 苏J? 槊?? 硕己芨挥小＃?br /> There are millions of Americans still in poverty. （? 有千千?? 的美?? 撕茇?? 。）
可? 成：
Contrary to much Chinese belief that all Americans are wealthy, there are millions of Americans still in poverty.
（belief 不用?? 担? 硎?ne same belief。）
You may blow up the gym ball.
（你可以吹? 育? 馇颉＃?br /> You may use a foot pump.
（你可用? 踏泵打? 狻＃?br /> Or you can do it by mouth.
（你也可用嘴吹。）
But do it outside of this room.
（但要在? 房? 外面吹。）
可把上面四句? 成：
By means of a foot pump or by mouth, you may blow up the gym ball outside of this room.
（也可以把介? 片? 放在句尾。）
其他的介? 片?? 有：rather than，in the absence of，in addition to，aside from，except for等。
(6)利用? 在分? 片? （present participial phrase）。也就是在? 釉~原式後加ing ，? 形容? ，修? 最靠近的主? ，?K 且? в兄? 拥奈兜溃? 硎疽??? 幼髋c 另一??? 幼鳎? 缀跬?r? 生。
例如：
Mrs. Wang sat on the porch.
（王太太坐在走廊上。）
She watched the sunrise.
（她在看日出。）
可? 成：
Sitting on the porch, Mrs. Wang watched the sunrise.
（sitting on the porch是? 在分? 片? ，修?Mrs. Wang；??rsat?watched???? 幼鳎? 缀跬?r? 生。） 也可用：
Watching the sunrise, Mrs. Wang sat on the porch.
（verb to be多半可? 成? 在分? 。其他? 釉~，?t? 情?r 是否合理而定。）
His wife came to the dinner party.
（他太太?? ⒓油聿脱?? ＃?br /> She was wearing her new dress.
（她穿著她的新? 。）
可? 成：
Wearing her new dress, his wife came to the dinner party.
或 His wife, wearing her new dress, came to……
（? 句分? 片? ，倒不能放在句尾，因? 榕c 修? 的主?wife ，相距太? 。）
或Going to the dinner party, his wife wore her new dress.
（要把? 釉~改??o ，才? 合理。）
The dog was barking angrily.
（狗叫得很?? 害。）
The dog raced after the car.
（狗在追汽? 。）
可? 成：
Barking angrily, the dog raced after the car.
或 Racing after the car, the dog was barking angrily.
（分? 片? ，都是修? 主?dog 。）
The theater closed for good.
（? 蛟河谰藐P? 。）
The theater had shown the last movie.
（? 蛟悍庞匙钺嵋徊侩? 影。）
可? 成：
Having shown the last movie, the theater closed for good.
（had shown的? 幼鳎??losed? 幼髟纾? 视猛瓿墒降默F 在分? 片? 。）
He went from door to door.
（他挨家挨? 舻刈摺＃?br /> He reminded people to vote.
（他提醒人?? 去投票。）
可? 成：
Reminding people to vote, he went from door to door.
或 Going from door to door, he reminded people to vote.
He thought that the envelope was empty.
（他以? 樾欧馐强盏摹＃?br /> He threw it away.
（他把它扔了。）
可? 成：
Thinking that the envelope was empty, he threw it away.
The newspaper printed his letter.
（? 蠹? 登了他的信。）
It gave both sides of the argument.
（它? 明? 方面的??? 。）
可? 成：
The newspaper printed his letter, giving both sides of the argument.
（it 是指letter ；所以片? 要修?letter ，不是修?newspaper 。不能? 成：Giving both sides of…,the newspaper printed his letter.）
He was climbing the ladder.
（他爬梯子。）
He struck his head on the ceiling.
（他的? 打到天花板。）
可? 成：
Climbing the ladder, he struck his head on the ceiling.
不能? ：
Climbing the ladder, his head struck…
（片? 是修?he ，不是head ）
也不能? ：
Striking his head on…, he climbed…
（因? 椴缓侠恚?br />
Mr. Hsu was born in Taiwan.
（徐先生在台? 吵錾? ＃?br /> He now serves as a computer designer.
（他? 在是?????? 。）
He was educated at Stanford University.
（他在史丹福大?W 受教育。）
上面三句可? 成：
Serving as a computer designer, Mr. Hsu was born in Taiwan and educated at Stanford University. 或 Mr. Hsu, serving as…, was born in…
但不能放在句尾，因? 榕c 所修? 的主?Hsu ，相距太? 。
Mr. Chen expects a letter from his girlfriend.
（? 先生期待女友的? 硇拧＃?br /> He constantly checks his mailbox.
（他常常看他的信箱。）
可? 成：
Expecting a letter from his girlfriend, Mr. Chen constantly checks his mailbox.
或Checking constantly his mailbox, Mr. Chen expects a letter from his girlfriend.
或Mr. Chen, expecting a letter…, constantly checks his mailbox.
或Mr. Chen, checking constantly…, expects a letter from...（片? 都靠近主?Mr. Chen）
（7）使用? 去分? 片? （past participial phrase），也就是? 釉~後面有ed ，en ，或n ，以及不??t? 釉~。有「被? 印沟奈兜馈Ｆ? 幼骺赡芘c 另一? 幼魍?r? 生或更早? 生。
例如：
Mr. A gave the speech.（A 先生演? 。）
He was cheered by the audience.（他受???g 呼。）
可? 成：
Cheered by the audience, Mr. A gave the speech.（把第二句的 He was ?h去）
或Mr. A, cheered by…, gave the speech.
（cheered by the audience是? 去分? 片? ，? 形容? ，修? 主?Mr. A）
（如果把片? 放在句尾也不好，因? 榕c 主?Mr. A相距太? 。??? 在分? 片? 的原?t 相同。）
The ship was badly damaged by the storm.
（船被暴? 造成很大的?p 害。）
The ship finally reached a safe harbor.
（最後船抵? 安全的港口。）
可? 成：
Badly damaged by the storm, the ship finally reached a safe harbor.
（Badly damaged by the storm 修? 主? the ship）
或The ship, badly damaged…, finally reached a safe harbor.
The gift was wrapped in red paper.
（? 物用?? 包著。）
Miss Chen accepted the gift.
（? 小姐接受了? 物。）
可? 成：
Miss Chen accepted the gift wrapped in red paper.
（可? 句中的verb to be，都可?h 去，? 成? 去分? 片? 。wrapped in red paper是修?gift ，故不能放在句首，否?t? 成修?Miss Chen，就不合理了。）
Her daughter has been discouraged by her poor grades.
（她女? 阂虺煽? 不好而?? 狻＃?br /> She does not want to go to school.
可? 成：
Discouraged by her poor grades, her daughter does not want to go to school.
或Her daughter, discouraged by…, does not…
（但不能放在句尾，否?t 分? 片?? 成修?school 。）
The swimming pool is operated by YMCA.
（游泳池?S 由YMCA 掌管。）
It is open only to its members.
（它只???T? 放。）
可? 成：
Operated by YMCA, the pool is open only to its members.（修?pool ）
或The pool, operated by…, is open…
（但分? 片? 不能放在句尾，否?t? 成修?members 。）
The shirt was spattered with red paint.
（? 衣?R 到? 漆。）
It could not be worn.
（不能再穿了。）
可? 成：
Spattered with red paint, the shirt could not be worn.
或The shirt, spattered with…, could not…
（分? 片? ，? 接著要修? 的shirt ，? 然更好。）
不能? ：
Spattered with…, I could not wear the shirt.
John's hat was chewed to pieces by the dog.
（John 的帽子，被狗咬得碎碎的。）
John could not wear his hat.
可? 成：
Chewed to pieces by the dog, John's hat could not be worn.
或John's hat, chewed to pieces…, could not…
不能? ：
Chewed to pieces…, John could not wear his hat.
（因? 椴皇?ohn 被狗咬得粉身碎骨。）
可? ，不? 是? 在分? 片? ，或是? 去分? 片? ，都是? 靠著要修? 的名? 或代名? 。
（8）使用? 用?~（gerund ）和不定? （infinitive ），做? 槊?~的代替，（noun substitutes）。
例如：
The dog howled and whined at night.
（夜晚狗在吠叫和哀? 。）
This made our neighbors upset.
可? 成：
The dog's howling and whining at night made our neighbors upset.
（把? 釉~原式 howl 和 whine ，加ing ，? 名? 用。）
或用不定? ：
For the dog, to howl and to whine at night made our neighbors upset.
（在? 釉~原式前加to ，就成? 椴欢ㄔ~，也可? 名? 用。）
Many people treat illness through the mind.
（? 多人? 由心理去治病。）
This seems to be a modern way in medicine.
（? 似乎是? 代?? 之道。）
可? 成：
Treating illness through the mind seems to be a modern way in medicine.
（treating 是? 用?~）
或To treat illness through the mind seems to be…
（to treat 是不定? ，? 主? ）
Some people believe Japan did not kill 35 million Chinese people.
（有些人相信日本?]有? ⒑?500? 中?? 恕＃?br /> They ignore the true history of World War Ⅱ. （他?? 忽? 了二次世界大? 鸬恼???v 史。）
可? 合成：
To believe that Japan did not kill 35 million Chinese people is to ignore the true history of World War Ⅱ.
（使用不定? to believe, to ignore 作? 槊?~）
或Believing that Japan did not…is ignoring the true history…
（Believing 和 ignoring 都是? 用?~）
Mr. Li bought a beautiful house.
（李先生? 了一?? 漂亮的房子。）
He wanted to impress his friends and relatives.
（他要使? 友?? 留下深刻印象。）
可? 成：
Mr. Li bought a beautiful house to impress his friends and relatives.
或To impress his friends and relatives, Mr. Li bought a beautiful house.
（表示一? 目的或期望，多用不定? 。）
不定? 和? 用?~的?? 用法，容後? Ｎ挠?? 。