集体名称作主语时, 谓语动词可用单数, 也可
用复数。用单数是把集体名称看作整体, 用复
数是把集体名称看作整体中的组成部分或
各成员。
His family is large.
他家人很多。
His family are all teachers
他的家人都是教师。
动词用复数.
We Chinese people are brave and
hardworking.
我们中国人民勤劳而勇敢。
下列名词 news mathematics physics
polities 等名称作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
The good news is that we have passed
the exam.
好消息是我们通过了考试。
下列名词 goods scissors trousers
eyeglasses scales sunglasses pants shoes
作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
Do you know where my trousers are?
你知道我的裤子在哪儿吗？
用 and 连接的名词作主语, 谓语动词
用复数。
She and her sister are in the same
school.
她和她的妹妹在同一个学校。
There be 句型中, 谓语动词和靠近的主
语一致。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
这里边有两个苹果和一个鸡蛋。
as well as 和名词连用时, 谓语动词和第
一个名词相一致。
He as well as I is responsible for it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
either...or ， neither...nor ， not
only...but also 连接名词时, 谓语动词和靠近
的主语一致。
Either you or he has to hand in the
report.
不是你就是他得把报告交上来。
Not only you but also I am a PLA.
Expressions of the time（时间表达法）
整点+ o’clock
eg: 7:00 seven o’clock
直接表达式
含有小时和分钟。
1, 顺读法：先读小时，再读分钟。
eg: 7:20 seven twenty
6:50 six fifty
2, 逆读法：间接表达式
（1），时间未过半（没
有超过30分钟）：分钟+past+小时
eg: 7:20 twenty
past seven
5:15 fifteen
past five (a quarter past five)
( 2 ), 时间刚好一半
（30分钟）：half past +小时
eg: 7:30 half past
seven
10:30 half past
ten
3, 时间过了一半（超过
30分钟）：（60-分钟）+to+(小时+1)
eg: 6:50 (60-50)+to+(6+1)= ten to seven
9:40 twenty to
ten
形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法
1．原级的构成和用法
l) 构成：形容词，副词的
原级形式是形容词，副词的原形．
2) 用法：表示双方在程
度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用“ as 十
原级形容词或副词十 as ”的结构；表示双
方不相等时，用“
not so (as)十原级形容词或副
词十 as ”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若
干倍时，用“倍数十 as 十原级形容词或副
词十
as ”的结构．
例如：
This building looks not
so (as) high as that one．
Ms ．Sun speaks English
as fluently as you．
This room is three times
as large as that one.
2．比较级和最高级的构
成和用法
1) 比较级和最高级的构
成：
①单音节形容词以及少
数以- er，- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er ”，
“ est ”．例如：
great greater
greatest narr ow narrower
narrowest
fast faster fastest clev er cleverer cleverest
②以 e 结尾的单音节形
容词和副词后以及少数以- ble，- ple结尾的
双音节形容词和副词后，加“ r ”，“ st ”.
例如：
large larger largest able abler ablest
simple simpler
simplest
③以一个辅音结尾的单
音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，
该辅音字母要双写，然后加“ er ”，“ est ”.
例如：
hot hotter hottest ④以辅音加 y 结尾的形容词和少数不是形
容词加 ly 构成的副词要将 y 改为 i ，再加
“ er ”，“est ”，例如：
easy easier easiest early earlier earliest
happy happier
happiest
⑤一般双音节词、多音节
形容词和副词在原级前加 more 或most ．例
如：
beautiful more
beautiful most beautiful
care ful ly more
carefully most carefully
⑥少数单音节形容词也
加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。例
如：
tired more tired most
tired pleased more pleased most
pleased
⑦下列形容词、副词的比
较级和最高级可有两种构成方法．
cruel crueler cruelest
more cruel most cruel
often oftener oftenest
more often most often
strict stricter strictest
more strict most strict
friendly friendlier
friendliest
more friendly most friendly
⑧下列形容词，副词的比
较级和最高级的构成不规则．
good ，well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many ，much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further
furthest
old elder ／
older eldest ／ oldest
2) 比较级的用法
①双方比较，表示一方超过另
一方时，用“比较级十 than ”的结构表示．例
如：
This pen is better than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less 十原级十 than ”的结构表示．例如： This room is less beautiful than that one．
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even ，a lot，a bit，a little，still ，much ，far ，yet ，by far等修饰．例如：
He works even harder than before．
注意：英语的比较级前如无 even ，still ，或 yet 等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“„„一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如：
She is better than she was yesterday．她比昨天好些了．
Please come earlier tomorrow ． 请明天早点来．注意：by far通常用于强调最高级．用于比较级时，一般
放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the ”．如
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语) ，the 十比 较级(主语十谓语) ”的结构．例如：
The harder he works，the happier he feels．The more….the more
⑤不与其它事物相比, 表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and 十比较级”的结构．例如：
The weather is getting colder and colder. more and more
The girl becomes more and more beautiful．
⑥某些以一 or 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to 代替
than ．(这些词有inferior ，superior ，junior ，senior ，prior 等．例如：
He is superior to Mr
Wang in mathematics．
⑦在比较从句中为了避
免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)
代替前面出现的名词。
that 指物，one 既可指人，也
可指物．that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数
名词，而one 只能代替可数名词. 例如：
The book on the table is
more interesting than that on the desk.
A box made of iron is
strong er than one made of wood．
⑧表示倍数的比较级有
如下几种句型：
A) A is three (four，ete)
times the size(height，length ，width ，etc) of
B ．例如；
The new building is four
times the size( the height) of the old one．
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高) 。(这
座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．
B) A is three(four，etc)
times as big(high，long ，wide ，etc ．) as
B ．例如：
Asia is four times as
large as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚
洲比欧洲大三倍．)
C) A is three(four，etc ．)
times bigger ( higher，longer ，wider ，etc ．)
than B．
例如：Your school is three times bigger than
ours ，
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的
学校是我们学校的四倍大．)
用 times 表示倍数，一般
只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上
的数．表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double
3) 最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，
表示最高程度时，用“ the 十最高级”的结
构表示．这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的
介词短语．例如：
Zhang Hua is the tall est
of the three．
He works (the ) hard est
in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以
及 much ，by far ，nearly ，almost ，by no
means ，not quite，not
really ，nothing like等词语所
修饰. 例如：
This hat is by far ／much ／nearly ／almost
／not nearly ／by no means/not quite ／
nothing like the biggest．
How much did the second most expensive
coat?
③表示“最高程度”的形
容词，如 favorite, excellent ，extreme ，
perfect 等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级．
④形容词最高级修饰作
表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的
词往往省略．
He is the tallest (boy) in
his class．
⑤作状语的副词最高级
前可以不加定冠词．例如
0f all the boys he came
(the) earliest．
形容词与副词比较级和最高级的重点句型
归纳
表示两者(人或物) 比较时，相比较的对象应
是同类事物，不同类的事物无法比较，我们
常用以下句型：
⑴ A>B或A
This room is smaller than that one.
This story is more interesting than that
one.
⑵ A=B（„as+原级+as„）
This cake is as big as that one.
Swimming is as exciting as climbing.
⑶ A ≠ B (① not as/so+原级+as„ 与„„
不一样, ②more+原级„ 超过„„)
Jim is not as/so tall as Li Lei.
John is more hard-working than Joan.
English is more useful than Japanese.=
Japanese is not so/as useful as English.
⑷表示程度的递增（-er+-er或者more and
more +多音节的形容词原级，越来越„„）
When winter comes, the days get colder
and colder.
My hometown is becoming more and
more beautiful.
(5)表示两种情况同时变化。（the+比较级„,
the+比较级 越来越„„）
The busier she is, the happier she feels.
The less she worried, the better she
worked.
The more we get together , the happier
we ’ll be.
(6)A>B>C„ („the+形容词或副词的最高
级+in/of/among+比较范围„，最„„)
He is the tallest of the three.(of表示所有
关系时，介词后的词与主语同类。)
Jim writes most carefully in his class. (in
表示范围。)
This picture is the most beautiful among
these.(among后接代词或没有修饰语的名
词。)
(7)A=B>C>D>„（„one of the+最高级+可
数名词的复数形式+in/of„ , 最„„之一）
Rose is one of the most careful girls in her
class.
Ann studies the hardest of all the students
in our class.
.(8)不用比较级的形式对事物进行比较，我
们常见有以下词组：
be like, look like, look the same, be the
same as „,be alike, be different from „,be
unlike, be alike.
This story is like that one.
Ann looks like her mother.
Lily and Lucy look the same.
Lily and Lucy are alike.
Han Mei ’s shoes are the same size as
mine.
Steel is different from / unlike iron.
(9)强调比较程度时，比较级可用的修饰词
有：much, far, still, even, no, any, a lot, a
little, a bit,等.
A kangaroo is even taller than a man.
Please come here a little earlier.
The job is far more difficult than he
thought.
Li Lei jumps much farther than Jim does.
(10)形容词比较级+“the ”的句型。
He is the cleverer of the two boys.
(11)形容词最高级不加“the ”的情况。
Today is my happiest day.
(12)比较级经典同义句转换
1.A horse is more useful than an elephant.
= An elephant is less useful than a horse.
2.She is the tallest of the three.
= She is taller than the
three .
3.Li Lei runs fastest in his class.
= Li Lei runs faster than anyone in his class.
= Li Lei runs faster than any of the other
students in his class.
4.I think mathematics is more useful than
physics.
= I don ’t think physics is as useful as
math.
5.. which is the larger country, China or America?
= Which is larger , China or America?
集体名称作主语时, 谓语动词可用单数, 也可
用复数。用单数是把集体名称看作整体, 用复
数是把集体名称看作整体中的组成部分或
各成员。
His family is large.
他家人很多。
His family are all teachers
他的家人都是教师。
动词用复数.
We Chinese people are brave and
hardworking.
我们中国人民勤劳而勇敢。
下列名词 news mathematics physics
polities 等名称作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
The good news is that we have passed
the exam.
好消息是我们通过了考试。
下列名词 goods scissors trousers
eyeglasses scales sunglasses pants shoes
作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
Do you know where my trousers are?
你知道我的裤子在哪儿吗？
用 and 连接的名词作主语, 谓语动词
用复数。
She and her sister are in the same
school.
她和她的妹妹在同一个学校。
There be 句型中, 谓语动词和靠近的主
语一致。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
这里边有两个苹果和一个鸡蛋。
as well as 和名词连用时, 谓语动词和第
一个名词相一致。
He as well as I is responsible for it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
either...or ， neither...nor ， not
only...but also 连接名词时, 谓语动词和靠近
的主语一致。
Either you or he has to hand in the
report.
不是你就是他得把报告交上来。
Not only you but also I am a PLA.
Expressions of the time（时间表达法）
整点+ o’clock
eg: 7:00 seven o’clock
直接表达式
含有小时和分钟。
1, 顺读法：先读小时，再读分钟。
eg: 7:20 seven twenty
6:50 six fifty
2, 逆读法：间接表达式
（1），时间未过半（没
有超过30分钟）：分钟+past+小时
eg: 7:20 twenty
past seven
5:15 fifteen
past five (a quarter past five)
( 2 ), 时间刚好一半
（30分钟）：half past +小时
eg: 7:30 half past
seven
10:30 half past
ten
3, 时间过了一半（超过
30分钟）：（60-分钟）+to+(小时+1)
eg: 6:50 (60-50)+to+(6+1)= ten to seven
9:40 twenty to
ten
形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法
1．原级的构成和用法
l) 构成：形容词，副词的
原级形式是形容词，副词的原形．
2) 用法：表示双方在程
度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用“ as 十
原级形容词或副词十 as ”的结构；表示双
方不相等时，用“
not so (as)十原级形容词或副
词十 as ”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若
干倍时，用“倍数十 as 十原级形容词或副
词十
as ”的结构．
例如：
This building looks not
so (as) high as that one．
Ms ．Sun speaks English
as fluently as you．
This room is three times
as large as that one.
2．比较级和最高级的构
成和用法
1) 比较级和最高级的构
成：
①单音节形容词以及少
数以- er，- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er ”，
“ est ”．例如：
great greater
greatest narr ow narrower
narrowest
fast faster fastest clev er cleverer cleverest
②以 e 结尾的单音节形
容词和副词后以及少数以- ble，- ple结尾的
双音节形容词和副词后，加“ r ”，“ st ”.
例如：
large larger largest able abler ablest
simple simpler
simplest
③以一个辅音结尾的单
音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，
该辅音字母要双写，然后加“ er ”，“ est ”.
例如：
hot hotter hottest ④以辅音加 y 结尾的形容词和少数不是形
容词加 ly 构成的副词要将 y 改为 i ，再加
“ er ”，“est ”，例如：
easy easier easiest early earlier earliest
happy happier
happiest
⑤一般双音节词、多音节
形容词和副词在原级前加 more 或most ．例
如：
beautiful more
beautiful most beautiful
care ful ly more
carefully most carefully
⑥少数单音节形容词也
加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。例
如：
tired more tired most
tired pleased more pleased most
pleased
⑦下列形容词、副词的比
较级和最高级可有两种构成方法．
cruel crueler cruelest
more cruel most cruel
often oftener oftenest
more often most often
strict stricter strictest
more strict most strict
friendly friendlier
friendliest
more friendly most friendly
⑧下列形容词，副词的比
较级和最高级的构成不规则．
good ，well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many ，much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further
furthest
old elder ／
older eldest ／ oldest
2) 比较级的用法
①双方比较，表示一方超过另
一方时，用“比较级十 than ”的结构表示．例
如：
This pen is better than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less 十原级十 than ”的结构表示．例如： This room is less beautiful than that one．
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even ，a lot，a bit，a little，still ，much ，far ，yet ，by far等修饰．例如：
He works even harder than before．
注意：英语的比较级前如无 even ，still ，或 yet 等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“„„一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如：
She is better than she was yesterday．她比昨天好些了．
Please come earlier tomorrow ． 请明天早点来．注意：by far通常用于强调最高级．用于比较级时，一般
放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the ”．如
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语) ，the 十比 较级(主语十谓语) ”的结构．例如：
The harder he works，the happier he feels．The more….the more
⑤不与其它事物相比, 表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and 十比较级”的结构．例如：
The weather is getting colder and colder. more and more
The girl becomes more and more beautiful．
⑥某些以一 or 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to 代替
than ．(这些词有inferior ，superior ，junior ，senior ，prior 等．例如：
He is superior to Mr
Wang in mathematics．
⑦在比较从句中为了避
免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)
代替前面出现的名词。
that 指物，one 既可指人，也
可指物．that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数
名词，而one 只能代替可数名词. 例如：
The book on the table is
more interesting than that on the desk.
A box made of iron is
strong er than one made of wood．
⑧表示倍数的比较级有
如下几种句型：
A) A is three (four，ete)
times the size(height，length ，width ，etc) of
B ．例如；
The new building is four
times the size( the height) of the old one．
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高) 。(这
座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．
B) A is three(four，etc)
times as big(high，long ，wide ，etc ．) as
B ．例如：
Asia is four times as
large as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚
洲比欧洲大三倍．)
C) A is three(four，etc ．)
times bigger ( higher，longer ，wider ，etc ．)
than B．
例如：Your school is three times bigger than
ours ，
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的
学校是我们学校的四倍大．)
用 times 表示倍数，一般
只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上
的数．表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double
3) 最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，
表示最高程度时，用“ the 十最高级”的结
构表示．这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的
介词短语．例如：
Zhang Hua is the tall est
of the three．
He works (the ) hard est
in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以
及 much ，by far ，nearly ，almost ，by no
means ，not quite，not
really ，nothing like等词语所
修饰. 例如：
This hat is by far ／much ／nearly ／almost
／not nearly ／by no means/not quite ／
nothing like the biggest．
How much did the second most expensive
coat?
③表示“最高程度”的形
容词，如 favorite, excellent ，extreme ，
perfect 等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级．
④形容词最高级修饰作
表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的
词往往省略．
He is the tallest (boy) in
his class．
⑤作状语的副词最高级
前可以不加定冠词．例如
0f all the boys he came
(the) earliest．
形容词与副词比较级和最高级的重点句型
归纳
表示两者(人或物) 比较时，相比较的对象应
是同类事物，不同类的事物无法比较，我们
常用以下句型：
⑴ A>B或A
This room is smaller than that one.
This story is more interesting than that
one.
⑵ A=B（„as+原级+as„）
This cake is as big as that one.
Swimming is as exciting as climbing.
⑶ A ≠ B (① not as/so+原级+as„ 与„„
不一样, ②more+原级„ 超过„„)
Jim is not as/so tall as Li Lei.
John is more hard-working than Joan.
English is more useful than Japanese.=
Japanese is not so/as useful as English.
⑷表示程度的递增（-er+-er或者more and
more +多音节的形容词原级，越来越„„）
When winter comes, the days get colder
and colder.
My hometown is becoming more and
more beautiful.
(5)表示两种情况同时变化。（the+比较级„,
the+比较级 越来越„„）
The busier she is, the happier she feels.
The less she worried, the better she
worked.
The more we get together , the happier
we ’ll be.
(6)A>B>C„ („the+形容词或副词的最高
级+in/of/among+比较范围„，最„„)
He is the tallest of the three.(of表示所有
关系时，介词后的词与主语同类。)
Jim writes most carefully in his class. (in
表示范围。)
This picture is the most beautiful among
these.(among后接代词或没有修饰语的名
词。)
(7)A=B>C>D>„（„one of the+最高级+可
数名词的复数形式+in/of„ , 最„„之一）
Rose is one of the most careful girls in her
class.
Ann studies the hardest of all the students
in our class.
.(8)不用比较级的形式对事物进行比较，我
们常见有以下词组：
be like, look like, look the same, be the
same as „,be alike, be different from „,be
unlike, be alike.
This story is like that one.
Ann looks like her mother.
Lily and Lucy look the same.
Lily and Lucy are alike.
Han Mei ’s shoes are the same size as
mine.
Steel is different from / unlike iron.
(9)强调比较程度时，比较级可用的修饰词
有：much, far, still, even, no, any, a lot, a
little, a bit,等.
A kangaroo is even taller than a man.
Please come here a little earlier.
The job is far more difficult than he
thought.
Li Lei jumps much farther than Jim does.
(10)形容词比较级+“the ”的句型。
He is the cleverer of the two boys.
(11)形容词最高级不加“the ”的情况。
Today is my happiest day.
(12)比较级经典同义句转换
1.A horse is more useful than an elephant.
= An elephant is less useful than a horse.
2.She is the tallest of the three.
= She is taller than the
three .
3.Li Lei runs fastest in his class.
= Li Lei runs faster than anyone in his class.
= Li Lei runs faster than any of the other
students in his class.
4.I think mathematics is more useful than
physics.
= I don ’t think physics is as useful as
math.
5.. which is the larger country, China or America?
= Which is larger , China or America?