动词不定式肯定形式:to+动词原形;否定形式 not to do
动词不定式的用法:
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
注意:1)在句型③中常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:
difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中常用
careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise 等表示赞扬或批评的词。
2) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一
见。 (错)It is to believe to see.
二、作宾语
1) 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语 afford (付得起),agree (同意),aim(力求做到), ask(要求)choose (决定),decide (决定),expect (期待),fail (未履行),help (帮助),hope (希望),learn (学会),manage (设法),offer (主动提出),plan (计划),prepare (准备),pretend (假装),prove (证明),refuse (拒绝),seem (觉得好像),want (想要),wish (希望)等 举例: The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
2) 动词+疑问词+ 不定
式 decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
3) 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it 代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式。
如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. I find it difficult to learn English well.
三、作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) allow believe cause encourage force find invite like order remind request require send suppose tell train 等。例句: Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
四、作表语
当出现“A是B”这种结构,且B 是动词,B 往往用成不定式做表语。不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。例如:
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
五、作状语
in order to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以
便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
六、作定语
⒈不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如: Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?
2. 如是不及物动词,且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,则需加介词,如:
Would you please give me some paper to write on?
七、省略to 的不定式
1) 使役动词 let, have, make后:
2) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice ,hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to 。
3) Why… / why not…,would rather,had better后
4) help 可带to ,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:
常见考法
对于不定式考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,会考查在一些固定句型中的运用以及其否定形式。
典型例题:Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A not to drive B. to not driver C.not driving D. don't drive 解析:本题考查不定式在warn 后做宾语的句型。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth.
答案:A
误区提醒
有些动词后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词时,而且两者意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。例如:forget,remember,regret 后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。
典型例题:---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 解析:由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用
forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
答案:C
动词不定式肯定形式:to+动词原形;否定形式 not to do
动词不定式的用法:
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
注意:1)在句型③中常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:
difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中常用
careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise 等表示赞扬或批评的词。
2) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一
见。 (错)It is to believe to see.
二、作宾语
1) 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语 afford (付得起),agree (同意),aim(力求做到), ask(要求)choose (决定),decide (决定),expect (期待),fail (未履行),help (帮助),hope (希望),learn (学会),manage (设法),offer (主动提出),plan (计划),prepare (准备),pretend (假装),prove (证明),refuse (拒绝),seem (觉得好像),want (想要),wish (希望)等 举例: The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
2) 动词+疑问词+ 不定
式 decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
3) 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it 代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式。
如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. I find it difficult to learn English well.
三、作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) allow believe cause encourage force find invite like order remind request require send suppose tell train 等。例句: Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
四、作表语
当出现“A是B”这种结构,且B 是动词,B 往往用成不定式做表语。不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。例如:
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
五、作状语
in order to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以
便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
六、作定语
⒈不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如: Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?
2. 如是不及物动词,且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,则需加介词,如:
Would you please give me some paper to write on?
七、省略to 的不定式
1) 使役动词 let, have, make后:
2) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice ,hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to 。
3) Why… / why not…,would rather,had better后
4) help 可带to ,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:
常见考法
对于不定式考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,会考查在一些固定句型中的运用以及其否定形式。
典型例题:Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A not to drive B. to not driver C.not driving D. don't drive 解析:本题考查不定式在warn 后做宾语的句型。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth.
答案:A
误区提醒
有些动词后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词时,而且两者意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。例如:forget,remember,regret 后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。
典型例题:---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 解析:由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用
forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
答案:C