2009. 天津卷
第一节:阅读表达（共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分）
阅读下面短文, 并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.
Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购
物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will
know —or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket
business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets
they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets
would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly
exc ited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them
using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody
would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you
think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could
persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts
around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually
began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to
his market. But not only did more people come —those who came bought more. With larger,
easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than
before.
Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s
one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as
they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
1. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer
to________________________（No more than 3 words）
2. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （No more than 10 words）
3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）
4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）
5. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）
2011年山东卷
第一节阅读表达(第76题2分， 77、78、80题每题3分，第79题4分，满分l5分)
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要
求) 。
[1] Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you
frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you
anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone,9 Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much?
[2] If , then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic
can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main
symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先)over everything else,
and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of
the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as
stress, atrxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the
most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.
[3] So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back
in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider
leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point
of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face
conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will
you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication.
76. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? (no more than 5 words)
77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)
78. What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction? (no more than 5 words)
79. What do experts say about text addiction? (no more than 14 words)
80. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 8 words)
2009. 天津卷
第一节:阅读表达（共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分）
阅读下面短文, 并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.
Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购
物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will
know —or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket
business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets
they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets
would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly
exc ited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them
using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody
would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you
think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could
persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts
around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually
began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to
his market. But not only did more people come —those who came bought more. With larger,
easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than
before.
Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s
one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as
they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
1. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer
to________________________（No more than 3 words）
2. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （No more than 10 words）
3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）
4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）
5. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）
2011年山东卷
第一节阅读表达(第76题2分， 77、78、80题每题3分，第79题4分，满分l5分)
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要
求) 。
[1] Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you
frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you
anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone,9 Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much?
[2] If , then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic
can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main
symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先)over everything else,
and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of
the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as
stress, atrxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the
most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.
[3] So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back
in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider
leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point
of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face
conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will
you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication.
76. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? (no more than 5 words)
77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)
78. What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction? (no more than 5 words)
79. What do experts say about text addiction? (no more than 14 words)
80. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 8 words)