七年级下册仁爱英语语法及练习
1. there be句型（一）
(1)句型结构为：there be(is/are)+某物／某人+地点／时间（介词短语），意为“某处／某地有某人或某物”，表示存在的一种状态，句中be动词的选择由其后面的名词确定．有两种句式：
①There is+单数名词／不可数名词+介词短语：如：
There is a computer in the study 书房里有一台电脑。
There is some water in the bottle 瓶子里有一些水。
②There are+名词复数形式+介词短语。如：
There are some flowers in the garden 花园里有一些花。
③be动词后面的名词如果是由and连接的几个名词时．be动词应遵循就近原则，即与邻近名词的数保持一致。
There is a chair and two desks in the teacher's room.
老师的房间里有一把椅子和两张桌子。
There are two desks and a chair in the teacher's room.
老师的房间里有两张桌子和一把椅子。
(2)there be结构的否定句：
there be结构的否定句直接在be动词后面加not。如：
There is an apple on the plate．盘子里有一个苹果。
There isn't an apple on the plate盘子里没有苹果。
(3)there be结构的一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答：
there be结构的疑问形式直接把be动词提前，句末加问号。
肯定回答：Yes，there is/are.
否定回答：No，there isn't/aren't .
-Are there any books about Chinese history? 有关于中国历史的书吗？
-Yes.there are./No,there aren't 是的，有。／不，没有。
-Is there a computer in your study? 你的书房有电脑吗？
-Yes,there is，/No，there isn't 是的，有。／不，没有。
2. there be句型（二）
(1)针对there be结构的名词提问，常常用what's+地点状语，名词无论是单数形式还是复数形式，be动词都用is，且常省略there。如： There is a desk in the room. （对画线部分提问） 房间里有张桌子。
——What's in the room? 房间里面有什么？ There are many students in the class room．（对画线部分提问） 教室里有许多学生。
——What's in the classroom教室里面有什么？
(2)针对there be结构中名词的数量提同，用how many或how much提问，后面要紧跟这个名词 .如：
There's a coat on the bed（对画线部分提问） 在床上有一件衣服。
——How many coats are there on the bed? 在床上有多少件衣服？ There're some meat in the bowl?（对画线部分提） 在碗里有一些肉。
——How much meet is there in the bowl. ?在碗里有多少肉?
3. there be句型（三）
there be与have(has)的用法区别：
there be句型表示“某处／某时有某物或某人”，强调的是一种客观存在，但have表示“某人或某物有„„”，强调的是拥有或占有，即某物或某人与主语是所属关系，但有时它们也可以相互转换。
I have a new bike．我有一辆新自行车：
The cat has two black ears。这只猫有两只黑耳朵。
There are some flowers in the garden. 花园里面有很多花。
There is a computer in Kangkang's room.= Kangkang has a computer in his room.在康康房间里有一台电脑。
二，时态
1.现在进行时
⑴现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作 ，常与now, at the moment，look，listen等词语或者短语连用。 ⑵结构：主语+be(is,am,are)+现在分词。如：
Mary is having lunch with her parents now 玛丽正和她的父母一起吃午餐。
They are doing their homework at home. 他们正在家里做家庭作业。
⑶动词的现在分词的构成规则：
① 一般在词尾加-ing。 如：drink-drinking
②以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing。如： make-making close-closing have-having ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing。如： Sit-sitting begin-beginning shop-shopping
2.一般过去时
(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态．
常和yesterday, last night/year, two days/weeks ago, just now. a moment ago，in 1990/2006等表示过去的时间状语连用。
如： I was a student two years ago两年前我是一个学生。
He sang an English song yesterday．昨天他唱了一首英文歌.
Did he perform Chinese kung fu at the party? 他在晚会上表演了中国功夫吗？
He was ill yesterday. So he didn't come to school. 昨天他生病了，所以他没来上学。
(2)动词过去式的构成如下：
①一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。如： look-looked, play-played
③以不发音的e结尾的动词在末尾加-d。如： live-lived
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如： plan-planned, stop-stopped
④末尾是辅音字母加字母“y”的动词，先变v为i，再加-ed。如： study-studied
⑤不规则动词的过去式参见不规则动词表。
三．情态动词
I. 情态动词基本用法：情态动词+动词原形
II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：
以must为例。
must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；
must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情；
must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。
1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。
He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.
2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。
He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.
3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。
The weather in that city could be cold now.
We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生） Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)
III. 情态动词注意点：
1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有
更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。
情态动词练习
1.
A. Could ...couldn't B. Might...might not C. Could...can D. May...can't
2. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.
A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get
3. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink.
A. will...can B. may...can C. may...dares D. dare...can
4. __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked
5. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished.
A. may B. must C. can D. might
6. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
7. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
A. may B. might C. can D. could
8. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
9. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
10. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
答案：1—10：DCBBD BBBDC
四． 数词
(1)数词有两种： 表示数目的词叫基数词，如one，two，three，four等；
表示顺序的词叫序数词，如first，second，third，fourth等，使用序数词时前面必须加the，但之前有this/that /my等限
定词时不加the。如：
There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。
The first day of a week is Sunday星期天是每周的第一天，
Mr. Wang is my first old teacher王老师是我的启蒙老师
(2)基数词变序数词，也可用口诀记忆法：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th（fourth）；123特殊记，制尾字母tdd
( first，second，third)；八去t来九去e（eighth，ninth），f要来替ve(fifth，twelfth)；若是遇到几十几，只变个位
就可以（twenty-first），若是遇到整十数，ty变成ti，eth -同来(thirtieth)。
(3)序数词也可以缩写，缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加词尾最后两个字母构成。如：
first-lst second-2nd fourth-4th twenty-first-21st
语法专项习题-数词
1( ) 1 There are ___ days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five
( ) 2 There are____ students in this school.
A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six
C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six
2( ) 1 ______people visit this museum every day.
A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of
( ) 2 There are two___ people in the meeting room.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of
( ) 3 Every year ___ watch NBA on TV.
A. million people B. millions of people
C. millions people D. million of people
( ) 4 ____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.
A. Thousands of B. Two thousands
C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of
( ) 5 Look! There are ___ in the sky.
A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars
C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star
3( ) 1 My brother is in____.
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one
( ) 2 We are going to learn___ this term.
A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six
( ) 3 Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud.
A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second
4( ) 1 We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____.
A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five
B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five
C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five
D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five
( ) 2
A. nineteen and ninety-nine
B. nineteen ninety-nine
C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine
D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine
5( ) 1 He will come here ____ tomorrow morning.
A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth
( ) 2 Every day he begins to do his homework ___.
A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten
C. on ten past seventh D. until ten
( ) 3 He was doing some washing ____.
A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight
C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning
6( ) 1 He began to work there____.
A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty
C. when he fifty D. in his fifties
( ) 2 They moved to Beij ing _
A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 '
C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980's
( ) 3 We all like the boy.
A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old
C. at ten old D. of age of ten
( ) 4 She was ___ her early twenties when she went abroad.
A. at B. on C. of D: in
7( ) 1 There are____ months in a year. December is the____
month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth
C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth
( ) 2 During____ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.
A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth / D. the twenty
( ) 3 Sunday is the____ day of the week.
A. seventh B. first C. second D. third
( ) 4 Autumn is season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth
( ) 5 Tom was to get to school and I was ______.
A. first; ninth C. the first; the ninth
B. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth
8( ) 1 -What's the date today?-Its___.
A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th
( ) 2 Jenny was born
A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987
C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10
( ) 3 Monday is the second day, and_______.
A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth
C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday
9( ) 1 About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.
A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth
( ) 2 ___ of the students are girls in our class.
A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three
( ) 3 ___ of the world's books and newspapers are written in English.
A. Three quarters B. Three quarter
C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth
10( ) 1 Tom is____ in the row.
A. a second B. the second C. two D. second
( ) 2 The girl wanted to sing____ song in English.
A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second
( ) 3 Now let me have____.
A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try
参考答案：
1. 1-2 C C
2. 1-5 D A B A C
3. 1-3 B D A
4. 1- 2 C B
5. 1-3 B A A
6. 1-4 D C A D
7. 1-5 B B B B C
8. 1-3 D A B
9. 1-3 B C A
10. 1-3B B B
五．常用的表达方式
1. 英语日期的表达法
(1)英语日期的表达按月、日、年或日、月、年的顺序，且“日”部分要用序数词。
\如：2012年10月2日的英语表达是October 2nd，2012，读作：October second，two thousand and twelve。
也可以用2nd October,2009表达，读作：the second of October two thousand and nine。
(2)年份的读法，四个数字分两组，每组按基数词读时，读成o；后面两位为00，读成hundred；后面三位为000，读成thousand，如：1840：eighteen forty 1901：nineteen o one 1900：nineteen hundred 2000：two thousand 2009：two thousand and nine
2. 表示时间的介词用法
(I)in用于一段时间。如年份、季节、月份等。如： in 2012在2012 in spring在春季 in February在二月
(2)on用于具体的某一天或某一个特定的上午、下午或晚上。如：
on Saturday 在星期六 on October lst，2012 在2012年10月1日 on a rainy morning在一个下雨天的早晨
(3)at用于具体的时刻。如：at 7:30在7:30
(4)一些固定搭配。如： at night ,at noon , in the morning／afternoon/evening
3.介词用法小结
(l)in意为“在„„里”。如：
The boxes are in the drawer．盒子在抽屉里。
(2)on意为“在„„（表面）上”。如：
The knife and fork are on the plate刀叉在盘子上。
(3)behind意为“在„„后面”。如：
What can you see behind the chair? 你看见椅子后藏有什么？
(4)under意为“在„„下”。如：
What's under the bed? 床下面是什么？
(5)near意为“在„„附近”。如：
My home is near a bookshop我家在书店附近。
(6)next to...意为“挨近，靠近”。如：
Who is sitting next to you? 谁坐在你的旁边？
(7)in front of意为“在„„前面”。如：
There is a big tree in front of the garage 在车库的前面有一棵大树。
(8)in the center of意为“在„„中心”。如：
There is a park in the center of the city 在城市的中心有一个公园。
(9)on the left/right of意为“在„„左边／右边”。如：
Tom sits on the left of Jack．汤姆坐在杰克的左边。
(10)at the back of意为“在„„后面”。如：
Who is that boy sitting at the back of the classroom坐在教室后面的男孩是谁？
4. 特殊疑问词小结
(l)what意为“什么”。如：
what class什么班级 what time几点 what color什么颜色 what kind of什么种类的 what day星期几
(2)which+n.意为“哪一个（些）”。
(3)问方式及状况：how
问数量多少：how many+可数名词复数 how much+不可数名词
问多少钱：how much+ -般疑问句
(4)问频率：How often+ -般疑问句，意为“多久一次„．．”。
(5)问多长时间或物体有多长：how long (6)问年龄：how old
(7问多远／多高／多宽how far/high／tall/wide
(8)问原因：why (9)问地点：where （10)问何时：when (11)问是谁who
5. 选择疑问句
选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的选项，让对方选择回答。其结构是：
(1)一般疑问句加选择部分，选择部分用or连接。如：
Can you dance to disco or perform ballet? 你会跳迪斯科还是芭蕾？
-I can perform ballet 我会跳芭蕾。
-Does he come from the U S A or Japan ? 他来自美国还是日本？
-He comes from the U S A 他来自美国。
(2)特殊疑问句加选择部分，选择部分用or连接。如：
Which subject do you like better, English or Chinese? 你更喜欢哪个学科，英语还是语文？
-I like English better 我更喜欢英语。
-Who is your favorite singer, Jay Chou or Andy Lau? 谁是你喜欢的歌手，周杰伦还是刘德华？
-I like Andy Lau 我喜欢刘德华。
6. 问路与指路的表达方式
(l)问路的表达方式：
Can you tell me the way to...?
Could you tell me how to get to...?
Do you know the way to...?
Is there a... nearby/near here?
How can I get to:..？
Which is the way to..？
Where is...？
(2)指路的表达方式：
go down/along the street
go straight
tum left/right
turn right /left at the... street= take the... turning on the right/left
It's down... on the right.
There is a... on the left/right
You can take the No.108 bus there
7. how long，how far，how soon与how often的用法
(l)how long意为“多久”，常常对一段时间提问。如： You can keep the book for a week．（对画线部分提问） 你能借这本书一周。
How long can I keep the book?我能借这本书多久？
(2)how far意为“多远”，常常对表示距离的词提问。如：
It is five kilometers away from here to my school（对画线部分提问） 从这儿到我学校有5公里远。
How far is it from here to your school? 从这儿到你学校有多远？
(3)how soon意为“多久以后”，常常对，in+一段时间提问。如： My mother will come back in two weeks（对画线部分提问） 我妈妈两周后回来。
How soon will your mother come back? 你妈妈将在什么时候回来？
(4)how often意为“多久一次”，常常对表示频率的词提问。表示频率的词有：always，never，seldom，often，
usually，every day，once/twice a week等。如： He often goes to the park.（对画线部分提问） 他经常去公园。
How often does he go to the park ? 他多久去一次公园？ 七下演练 一. 单项选择
1. There is some ______ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
2. Uncle Wang wants ______ the machine like a bike. A. ride B. riding C. rides D. to ride
3. Tom usually goes to bed ________ ten o'clock in the evening. A. at B. in C. on D. of
4. ______ picture books in class, please.
A. Not read B. No read C. Not reading D. Don't read 5. The box is too heavy. Let ________ help you to carry it. A. we B. us C. ours D. our
6. Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the meeting. A. and B. but C. then D. or
7. People usually ______
9. These shoes are yours. Please ________.
A. put on them B. put on it C. put them on D. put it on 10. She often gets ______ very late.
A. home B. at home C. to home D. in home
11. I think the shop is closed ________ this time of day. A. in B. on C. at D. for 12. I want ______ of meat, please.
A. half kilo B. a half kilo C. half a kilo D. a kilo half 13. --- Is this black ruler ________? --- No. It's ________.
A. yours, his B. your, his C. yours, him D. you, he 14. ________ book on the desk is a useful（重要的）one. A. A B. An C. The D. /
15. Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the ________. A. farm B. post office C. hotel D. hospital 16. Liu Mei often helps her mother ________ housework. A. does B. do C.doing D. to doing
17. We watch evening news on ________ at 7:00 in the evening. A. CCTV B. CAAC C. WTO D. MTV
18. There ________ a box of apples on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have 19. Would you like ________ with me? A. go B. to go C. going D. goes
20. Sometimes his brother ________ TV after supper. A. watch B. sees C. watches D. is watching
二. 填空
A. 根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词
1. Kate's glass is empty. She wants a f______ one. 2. I think my father can help you m______ your broken bike. 3. I have two pencils. One is short, the other is l______. 4. Please open the w______. It's getting hot here. 5. Something is w______ with my bike. May I borrow yours?
B. 根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1. There are some ________ there, talking loudly. (woman) 2. This blouse isn't hers. It's ________. (my) 3. The people on the farm are very ________. (friend) 4. Do you know ________? (he)
5. Tom's uncle can drive cars. He is a good ________. (drive)
C. 选词并用其适当形式填空
1. This is our ________ desk. Ours are over there.
2. Bill has three ________. One is new and the other two are old. 3. His uncle ________ very young but he is over forty. 4. Let's ________ basketball after class. 5. Look! The cats are ________ up the trees. 6. The shop isn't open. It's ________. 7. My brother ________ some new picture books. 8. In our classroom there is a large map of ________.
9. Mum, please give me something to ________. I'm very hungry. 10. Does Mr Green like ________ in this Chinese school? 三. 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话
A: Excuse me, Lin Tao! B: Yes?
A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours? B: __1____. A: This afternoon. B: OK. Here's the key. A: ____2__. But where is it? B: __3____.
A: What colour is it? B: __4____.
A: I see. I think I can find it. B: ___5___.
A: All right. See you! 四. 完型填空
These days men and women , young and old are ___1____ the same kind of ___2___, and a lot of ___3__ have long hair
（头发）. We often can't ___4_____whether they are boys or girls, men or women.
__5_____ old man often goes to walk in the park. He is sitting on a chair now. A young person is ___6_____ ___7____ him.
6. A. running B. flying C. standing D. driving 7. A. on B. beside C. in D. At 8. A. see B. watch C. look D. Read 9. A. help B. excuse C. teach D. Ask 10. A. baby B. sister C. father D. Mother
五. 阅读理解 ( A )
Mr Li teaches Chinese in the USA. He comes back to China every year. He gives us a talk. He says,
very interesting. All children like it very much. It is on March 7th. When you go out on that day, you can see children
running with kites in the open air(露天). When you look up, you can see different kites in the sky（天空）. Some are big,
and some are small. They are in different colours. Every kite has a long string(长线). The children begin to run when they
get the kites up. Every child has a good time that day. 1. Mr Li is _______________. He works in the USA.
A. a worker B. an English teacher C. a doctor D. a Chinese teacher 2. Mr Li says something about _______________. A. how to study English B. K Day in the USA C. his work in the USA D. playing in the open air 3. March 7th is _________________.
A. Children's Day B. Teachers' Day C. K Day D. Tree planting Day(植树节) 4. Every kite has _____________________.
A. a short string B. a long string C. the same colour D. the same size(大小) 5. There are _______________ kites in the sky on that day. A. all kinds of B. one kind of C. three kinds of D. three
( B )
根据表格内容选择最佳答案。
6. On _______________, Paula usually gets up at 7:10 am. A. Thursdays B. Wednesdays C. weekdays D. weekends
7. Pizza is a kind of _________________. A. drink B. fruit C. toy D. food
8. Paula's favourite sport is _________________. A. volleyball B. table-tennis C. yo-yo D. football
9. On Wednesday evenings Paula usually ___________________. A. watches TV B. does her homework
C. washes her clothes D. goes to see her friends 10. Which is wrong?
A. Paula goes to school from Monday to Friday. B. Paula goes to bed after ten o'clock. C. Paula has sports in the afternoon. D. Paula usually has Pizza for lunch.
初一年级（下）【练习答案】
一. 1. B.2. D.3. A.4. D.5.B.6. D. 7. A.8. B.9.C.10.A. 11. C.12.C. 13. A. 14. C. 15. D.16. B 17. A.18. B.19. B.20. C.
二. A.1. full 2. mend 3. Long 4. window 5. wrong B. 1. women 2. mine 3. friendly 4. him 5. driver
C. 1. teacher's 2. pens 3. looks 4. play 5. climbing 6. closed 7. has 8. China 9. eat 10. working 三. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.E 5.A
四. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
五. 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D. 8 B.9.A 10
16
七年级下册仁爱英语语法及练习
1. there be句型（一）
(1)句型结构为：there be(is/are)+某物／某人+地点／时间（介词短语），意为“某处／某地有某人或某物”，表示存在的一种状态，句中be动词的选择由其后面的名词确定．有两种句式：
①There is+单数名词／不可数名词+介词短语：如：
There is a computer in the study 书房里有一台电脑。
There is some water in the bottle 瓶子里有一些水。
②There are+名词复数形式+介词短语。如：
There are some flowers in the garden 花园里有一些花。
③be动词后面的名词如果是由and连接的几个名词时．be动词应遵循就近原则，即与邻近名词的数保持一致。
There is a chair and two desks in the teacher's room.
老师的房间里有一把椅子和两张桌子。
There are two desks and a chair in the teacher's room.
老师的房间里有两张桌子和一把椅子。
(2)there be结构的否定句：
there be结构的否定句直接在be动词后面加not。如：
There is an apple on the plate．盘子里有一个苹果。
There isn't an apple on the plate盘子里没有苹果。
(3)there be结构的一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答：
there be结构的疑问形式直接把be动词提前，句末加问号。
肯定回答：Yes，there is/are.
否定回答：No，there isn't/aren't .
-Are there any books about Chinese history? 有关于中国历史的书吗？
-Yes.there are./No,there aren't 是的，有。／不，没有。
-Is there a computer in your study? 你的书房有电脑吗？
-Yes,there is，/No，there isn't 是的，有。／不，没有。
2. there be句型（二）
(1)针对there be结构的名词提问，常常用what's+地点状语，名词无论是单数形式还是复数形式，be动词都用is，且常省略there。如： There is a desk in the room. （对画线部分提问） 房间里有张桌子。
——What's in the room? 房间里面有什么？ There are many students in the class room．（对画线部分提问） 教室里有许多学生。
——What's in the classroom教室里面有什么？
(2)针对there be结构中名词的数量提同，用how many或how much提问，后面要紧跟这个名词 .如：
There's a coat on the bed（对画线部分提问） 在床上有一件衣服。
——How many coats are there on the bed? 在床上有多少件衣服？ There're some meat in the bowl?（对画线部分提） 在碗里有一些肉。
——How much meet is there in the bowl. ?在碗里有多少肉?
3. there be句型（三）
there be与have(has)的用法区别：
there be句型表示“某处／某时有某物或某人”，强调的是一种客观存在，但have表示“某人或某物有„„”，强调的是拥有或占有，即某物或某人与主语是所属关系，但有时它们也可以相互转换。
I have a new bike．我有一辆新自行车：
The cat has two black ears。这只猫有两只黑耳朵。
There are some flowers in the garden. 花园里面有很多花。
There is a computer in Kangkang's room.= Kangkang has a computer in his room.在康康房间里有一台电脑。
二，时态
1.现在进行时
⑴现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作 ，常与now, at the moment，look，listen等词语或者短语连用。 ⑵结构：主语+be(is,am,are)+现在分词。如：
Mary is having lunch with her parents now 玛丽正和她的父母一起吃午餐。
They are doing their homework at home. 他们正在家里做家庭作业。
⑶动词的现在分词的构成规则：
① 一般在词尾加-ing。 如：drink-drinking
②以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing。如： make-making close-closing have-having ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing。如： Sit-sitting begin-beginning shop-shopping
2.一般过去时
(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态．
常和yesterday, last night/year, two days/weeks ago, just now. a moment ago，in 1990/2006等表示过去的时间状语连用。
如： I was a student two years ago两年前我是一个学生。
He sang an English song yesterday．昨天他唱了一首英文歌.
Did he perform Chinese kung fu at the party? 他在晚会上表演了中国功夫吗？
He was ill yesterday. So he didn't come to school. 昨天他生病了，所以他没来上学。
(2)动词过去式的构成如下：
①一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。如： look-looked, play-played
③以不发音的e结尾的动词在末尾加-d。如： live-lived
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如： plan-planned, stop-stopped
④末尾是辅音字母加字母“y”的动词，先变v为i，再加-ed。如： study-studied
⑤不规则动词的过去式参见不规则动词表。
三．情态动词
I. 情态动词基本用法：情态动词+动词原形
II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：
以must为例。
must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；
must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情；
must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。
1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。
He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.
2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。
He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.
3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。
The weather in that city could be cold now.
We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生） Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)
III. 情态动词注意点：
1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有
更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。
情态动词练习
1.
A. Could ...couldn't B. Might...might not C. Could...can D. May...can't
2. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.
A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get
3. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink.
A. will...can B. may...can C. may...dares D. dare...can
4. __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked
5. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished.
A. may B. must C. can D. might
6. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
7. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
A. may B. might C. can D. could
8. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
9. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
10. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
答案：1—10：DCBBD BBBDC
四． 数词
(1)数词有两种： 表示数目的词叫基数词，如one，two，three，four等；
表示顺序的词叫序数词，如first，second，third，fourth等，使用序数词时前面必须加the，但之前有this/that /my等限
定词时不加the。如：
There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。
The first day of a week is Sunday星期天是每周的第一天，
Mr. Wang is my first old teacher王老师是我的启蒙老师
(2)基数词变序数词，也可用口诀记忆法：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th（fourth）；123特殊记，制尾字母tdd
( first，second，third)；八去t来九去e（eighth，ninth），f要来替ve(fifth，twelfth)；若是遇到几十几，只变个位
就可以（twenty-first），若是遇到整十数，ty变成ti，eth -同来(thirtieth)。
(3)序数词也可以缩写，缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加词尾最后两个字母构成。如：
first-lst second-2nd fourth-4th twenty-first-21st
语法专项习题-数词
1( ) 1 There are ___ days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five
( ) 2 There are____ students in this school.
A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six
C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six
2( ) 1 ______people visit this museum every day.
A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of
( ) 2 There are two___ people in the meeting room.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of
( ) 3 Every year ___ watch NBA on TV.
A. million people B. millions of people
C. millions people D. million of people
( ) 4 ____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.
A. Thousands of B. Two thousands
C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of
( ) 5 Look! There are ___ in the sky.
A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars
C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star
3( ) 1 My brother is in____.
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one
( ) 2 We are going to learn___ this term.
A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six
( ) 3 Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud.
A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second
4( ) 1 We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____.
A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five
B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five
C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five
D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five
( ) 2
A. nineteen and ninety-nine
B. nineteen ninety-nine
C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine
D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine
5( ) 1 He will come here ____ tomorrow morning.
A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth
( ) 2 Every day he begins to do his homework ___.
A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten
C. on ten past seventh D. until ten
( ) 3 He was doing some washing ____.
A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight
C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning
6( ) 1 He began to work there____.
A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty
C. when he fifty D. in his fifties
( ) 2 They moved to Beij ing _
A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 '
C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980's
( ) 3 We all like the boy.
A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old
C. at ten old D. of age of ten
( ) 4 She was ___ her early twenties when she went abroad.
A. at B. on C. of D: in
7( ) 1 There are____ months in a year. December is the____
month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth
C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth
( ) 2 During____ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.
A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth / D. the twenty
( ) 3 Sunday is the____ day of the week.
A. seventh B. first C. second D. third
( ) 4 Autumn is season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth
( ) 5 Tom was to get to school and I was ______.
A. first; ninth C. the first; the ninth
B. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth
8( ) 1 -What's the date today?-Its___.
A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th
( ) 2 Jenny was born
A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987
C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10
( ) 3 Monday is the second day, and_______.
A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth
C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday
9( ) 1 About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.
A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth
( ) 2 ___ of the students are girls in our class.
A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three
( ) 3 ___ of the world's books and newspapers are written in English.
A. Three quarters B. Three quarter
C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth
10( ) 1 Tom is____ in the row.
A. a second B. the second C. two D. second
( ) 2 The girl wanted to sing____ song in English.
A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second
( ) 3 Now let me have____.
A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try
参考答案：
1. 1-2 C C
2. 1-5 D A B A C
3. 1-3 B D A
4. 1- 2 C B
5. 1-3 B A A
6. 1-4 D C A D
7. 1-5 B B B B C
8. 1-3 D A B
9. 1-3 B C A
10. 1-3B B B
五．常用的表达方式
1. 英语日期的表达法
(1)英语日期的表达按月、日、年或日、月、年的顺序，且“日”部分要用序数词。
\如：2012年10月2日的英语表达是October 2nd，2012，读作：October second，two thousand and twelve。
也可以用2nd October,2009表达，读作：the second of October two thousand and nine。
(2)年份的读法，四个数字分两组，每组按基数词读时，读成o；后面两位为00，读成hundred；后面三位为000，读成thousand，如：1840：eighteen forty 1901：nineteen o one 1900：nineteen hundred 2000：two thousand 2009：two thousand and nine
2. 表示时间的介词用法
(I)in用于一段时间。如年份、季节、月份等。如： in 2012在2012 in spring在春季 in February在二月
(2)on用于具体的某一天或某一个特定的上午、下午或晚上。如：
on Saturday 在星期六 on October lst，2012 在2012年10月1日 on a rainy morning在一个下雨天的早晨
(3)at用于具体的时刻。如：at 7:30在7:30
(4)一些固定搭配。如： at night ,at noon , in the morning／afternoon/evening
3.介词用法小结
(l)in意为“在„„里”。如：
The boxes are in the drawer．盒子在抽屉里。
(2)on意为“在„„（表面）上”。如：
The knife and fork are on the plate刀叉在盘子上。
(3)behind意为“在„„后面”。如：
What can you see behind the chair? 你看见椅子后藏有什么？
(4)under意为“在„„下”。如：
What's under the bed? 床下面是什么？
(5)near意为“在„„附近”。如：
My home is near a bookshop我家在书店附近。
(6)next to...意为“挨近，靠近”。如：
Who is sitting next to you? 谁坐在你的旁边？
(7)in front of意为“在„„前面”。如：
There is a big tree in front of the garage 在车库的前面有一棵大树。
(8)in the center of意为“在„„中心”。如：
There is a park in the center of the city 在城市的中心有一个公园。
(9)on the left/right of意为“在„„左边／右边”。如：
Tom sits on the left of Jack．汤姆坐在杰克的左边。
(10)at the back of意为“在„„后面”。如：
Who is that boy sitting at the back of the classroom坐在教室后面的男孩是谁？
4. 特殊疑问词小结
(l)what意为“什么”。如：
what class什么班级 what time几点 what color什么颜色 what kind of什么种类的 what day星期几
(2)which+n.意为“哪一个（些）”。
(3)问方式及状况：how
问数量多少：how many+可数名词复数 how much+不可数名词
问多少钱：how much+ -般疑问句
(4)问频率：How often+ -般疑问句，意为“多久一次„．．”。
(5)问多长时间或物体有多长：how long (6)问年龄：how old
(7问多远／多高／多宽how far/high／tall/wide
(8)问原因：why (9)问地点：where （10)问何时：when (11)问是谁who
5. 选择疑问句
选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的选项，让对方选择回答。其结构是：
(1)一般疑问句加选择部分，选择部分用or连接。如：
Can you dance to disco or perform ballet? 你会跳迪斯科还是芭蕾？
-I can perform ballet 我会跳芭蕾。
-Does he come from the U S A or Japan ? 他来自美国还是日本？
-He comes from the U S A 他来自美国。
(2)特殊疑问句加选择部分，选择部分用or连接。如：
Which subject do you like better, English or Chinese? 你更喜欢哪个学科，英语还是语文？
-I like English better 我更喜欢英语。
-Who is your favorite singer, Jay Chou or Andy Lau? 谁是你喜欢的歌手，周杰伦还是刘德华？
-I like Andy Lau 我喜欢刘德华。
6. 问路与指路的表达方式
(l)问路的表达方式：
Can you tell me the way to...?
Could you tell me how to get to...?
Do you know the way to...?
Is there a... nearby/near here?
How can I get to:..？
Which is the way to..？
Where is...？
(2)指路的表达方式：
go down/along the street
go straight
tum left/right
turn right /left at the... street= take the... turning on the right/left
It's down... on the right.
There is a... on the left/right
You can take the No.108 bus there
7. how long，how far，how soon与how often的用法
(l)how long意为“多久”，常常对一段时间提问。如： You can keep the book for a week．（对画线部分提问） 你能借这本书一周。
How long can I keep the book?我能借这本书多久？
(2)how far意为“多远”，常常对表示距离的词提问。如：
It is five kilometers away from here to my school（对画线部分提问） 从这儿到我学校有5公里远。
How far is it from here to your school? 从这儿到你学校有多远？
(3)how soon意为“多久以后”，常常对，in+一段时间提问。如： My mother will come back in two weeks（对画线部分提问） 我妈妈两周后回来。
How soon will your mother come back? 你妈妈将在什么时候回来？
(4)how often意为“多久一次”，常常对表示频率的词提问。表示频率的词有：always，never，seldom，often，
usually，every day，once/twice a week等。如： He often goes to the park.（对画线部分提问） 他经常去公园。
How often does he go to the park ? 他多久去一次公园？ 七下演练 一. 单项选择
1. There is some ______ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
2. Uncle Wang wants ______ the machine like a bike. A. ride B. riding C. rides D. to ride
3. Tom usually goes to bed ________ ten o'clock in the evening. A. at B. in C. on D. of
4. ______ picture books in class, please.
A. Not read B. No read C. Not reading D. Don't read 5. The box is too heavy. Let ________ help you to carry it. A. we B. us C. ours D. our
6. Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the meeting. A. and B. but C. then D. or
7. People usually ______
9. These shoes are yours. Please ________.
A. put on them B. put on it C. put them on D. put it on 10. She often gets ______ very late.
A. home B. at home C. to home D. in home
11. I think the shop is closed ________ this time of day. A. in B. on C. at D. for 12. I want ______ of meat, please.
A. half kilo B. a half kilo C. half a kilo D. a kilo half 13. --- Is this black ruler ________? --- No. It's ________.
A. yours, his B. your, his C. yours, him D. you, he 14. ________ book on the desk is a useful（重要的）one. A. A B. An C. The D. /
15. Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the ________. A. farm B. post office C. hotel D. hospital 16. Liu Mei often helps her mother ________ housework. A. does B. do C.doing D. to doing
17. We watch evening news on ________ at 7:00 in the evening. A. CCTV B. CAAC C. WTO D. MTV
18. There ________ a box of apples on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have 19. Would you like ________ with me? A. go B. to go C. going D. goes
20. Sometimes his brother ________ TV after supper. A. watch B. sees C. watches D. is watching
二. 填空
A. 根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词
1. Kate's glass is empty. She wants a f______ one. 2. I think my father can help you m______ your broken bike. 3. I have two pencils. One is short, the other is l______. 4. Please open the w______. It's getting hot here. 5. Something is w______ with my bike. May I borrow yours?
B. 根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1. There are some ________ there, talking loudly. (woman) 2. This blouse isn't hers. It's ________. (my) 3. The people on the farm are very ________. (friend) 4. Do you know ________? (he)
5. Tom's uncle can drive cars. He is a good ________. (drive)
C. 选词并用其适当形式填空
1. This is our ________ desk. Ours are over there.
2. Bill has three ________. One is new and the other two are old. 3. His uncle ________ very young but he is over forty. 4. Let's ________ basketball after class. 5. Look! The cats are ________ up the trees. 6. The shop isn't open. It's ________. 7. My brother ________ some new picture books. 8. In our classroom there is a large map of ________.
9. Mum, please give me something to ________. I'm very hungry. 10. Does Mr Green like ________ in this Chinese school? 三. 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话
A: Excuse me, Lin Tao! B: Yes?
A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours? B: __1____. A: This afternoon. B: OK. Here's the key. A: ____2__. But where is it? B: __3____.
A: What colour is it? B: __4____.
A: I see. I think I can find it. B: ___5___.
A: All right. See you! 四. 完型填空
These days men and women , young and old are ___1____ the same kind of ___2___, and a lot of ___3__ have long hair
（头发）. We often can't ___4_____whether they are boys or girls, men or women.
__5_____ old man often goes to walk in the park. He is sitting on a chair now. A young person is ___6_____ ___7____ him.
6. A. running B. flying C. standing D. driving 7. A. on B. beside C. in D. At 8. A. see B. watch C. look D. Read 9. A. help B. excuse C. teach D. Ask 10. A. baby B. sister C. father D. Mother
五. 阅读理解 ( A )
Mr Li teaches Chinese in the USA. He comes back to China every year. He gives us a talk. He says,
very interesting. All children like it very much. It is on March 7th. When you go out on that day, you can see children
running with kites in the open air(露天). When you look up, you can see different kites in the sky（天空）. Some are big,
and some are small. They are in different colours. Every kite has a long string(长线). The children begin to run when they
get the kites up. Every child has a good time that day. 1. Mr Li is _______________. He works in the USA.
A. a worker B. an English teacher C. a doctor D. a Chinese teacher 2. Mr Li says something about _______________. A. how to study English B. K Day in the USA C. his work in the USA D. playing in the open air 3. March 7th is _________________.
A. Children's Day B. Teachers' Day C. K Day D. Tree planting Day(植树节) 4. Every kite has _____________________.
A. a short string B. a long string C. the same colour D. the same size(大小) 5. There are _______________ kites in the sky on that day. A. all kinds of B. one kind of C. three kinds of D. three
( B )
根据表格内容选择最佳答案。
6. On _______________, Paula usually gets up at 7:10 am. A. Thursdays B. Wednesdays C. weekdays D. weekends
7. Pizza is a kind of _________________. A. drink B. fruit C. toy D. food
8. Paula's favourite sport is _________________. A. volleyball B. table-tennis C. yo-yo D. football
9. On Wednesday evenings Paula usually ___________________. A. watches TV B. does her homework
C. washes her clothes D. goes to see her friends 10. Which is wrong?
A. Paula goes to school from Monday to Friday. B. Paula goes to bed after ten o'clock. C. Paula has sports in the afternoon. D. Paula usually has Pizza for lunch.
初一年级（下）【练习答案】
一. 1. B.2. D.3. A.4. D.5.B.6. D. 7. A.8. B.9.C.10.A. 11. C.12.C. 13. A. 14. C. 15. D.16. B 17. A.18. B.19. B.20. C.
二. A.1. full 2. mend 3. Long 4. window 5. wrong B. 1. women 2. mine 3. friendly 4. him 5. driver
C. 1. teacher's 2. pens 3. looks 4. play 5. climbing 6. closed 7. has 8. China 9. eat 10. working 三. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.E 5.A
四. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
五. 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D. 8 B.9.A 10
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