动词与状语在中英文句子中的不同位置
标题中的话题是一个非常庞大的话题,很难在篇幅中介绍得清楚。之所以想简要地写几句,是因为看到几个小学生在英语写话中的错误句子后,有一种必须要讲一讲的念头。按道理,小朋友学英语是不宜讲什么语法的,可是我发现,有些小朋友通过多听多说等自然方式学习英语挺长时间后,还是会犯一些非常基本的致命错误。于是就想,低年龄的孩子学英语,语法确实处于从属位置,但由于他们都是在非英语环境中学习英语,无法自然习得,所以,我还是认为学习一些关键语法还是无法避免的。
先说下我看到的错误句子:
1. He ran was very fast.
2. He in the 100m race can compete with his classmates.
3. Is the sun often shine in summer in your city?
4. Does he happy everyday in the school?
根据上面的错误,我暂时想到简要地先写下如下的小结。这个小结是比较一 刀切的、是有漏洞的,经不起学术上的仔细推敲与检验,但对于小朋友避免犯上述错误应该还是管用的。而且如果讲得过于复杂和完整,小孩子根本无法理解和接受。
一、完整的句子必须有实义动词
英语最基本上的句型就是主语+谓语,其中谓语由实义动词承担。也就是说,英语句子=主语+实义动词。除了口语和简化的回答,完整的英语句子中必有实义动词。由于在书面考试中,无论是翻译、填空、选择、改错还是写作等各种题型中,我们面对的大多是完整的英语句子,所以牢记这一点很重要。
理解这点,加上对英语中实义动词和助动词的理解,就不会犯类似"Does he happy everyday in the school"的错误了。
二、主语和动词的相互位置
1主语后面。
2
在句子中的顺序比较灵活。
3、状语在中英文中的不同位置
状语种类很多,包括用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。我们现在主要学习了解时间状语和地点状语在中英文中的不同位置,也会举几个其他状语的例子。
4、时间状语
(1)他经常早上7点钟起床。
错:He often in the morning at 7 o'clock gets up.
对He often gets up at 7:00 o’clock in the morning.
(2)我明天晚上要去电影院。
错:I willI tomorrow evening go to the cinema.
对:I will go to the cinema tomorrow evening.
(3)他晚上八点之前就完成了所有作业。
错:He in the evening before 8:00 o'clock finished all the homework. 对:He finished all the homework before 8:00 o'clock in the evening.
5、地点状语
(1)我在学校门口看到了格林先生。
错:I at the school gate saw Mr. Green.
对:I saw Mr. Green at the school gate.
(2)我们明天早上9点钟在中山公园见面。
错:We tomorrow morning 9 o'clock in the Zhongshan Park meet.
对:We will meet at 9:00 o'clock tomorrow morning in the Zhongshan Park.
(3)我能够在马拉松比赛中跟他们竞争。
错:I can in the Marathon race compete with them.
对:I can compete with them in the Marathon race.
(4)他在奥数比赛中得了金牌。(won是win的过去式,赢得、得到的意思) 错:He in the Maths Olympic games won a gold medal.
三、关于英语的动词
英语的动词很复杂,是初学者最难掌握和最容易出错的内容之一。根据对大家目前容易出错知识点的分析,对英语动词的分类和使用进行简单总结。
(一)、实义动词(行为动词)
实义动词,又叫行为动词,具有完整的实际意义,可单独作谓语,主要表示行为、动作的动词,有时候也表示状态。
(二)、助动词
助动词本身没有实际词义,不能单独作谓语。在一个完整的句子中不能只有助动词,助动词只能与实义动词一起使用。表示时态、语态以及疑问和否定。
(1)
(2)(3)
Do和does; don't和doesn't; did、didn't;
be (am,is,are;I'm not, isn't, aren't); will和won't。
1
,助动词形式跟人称、主语单复数有关,实义动词必须变为原形。
错:Does he English well? 对:Does he speak English well?
错:Lucy doesn’t vegetables. 对:Lucy doesn’t like vegetables.
错:Does Lucy and Karen come from England?
对:Do Lucy and Karen come from England?
2
肯定句不需要使用助动词,但疑问句和否定句必须使用助动词did和didn’t,助动词形式跟人称、主语的单复数无关,实义动词必须变为原形。
错:Did you all the homework?
对:Did you finish all the homework?
错:I didn't went to the seaside last weekend.
对:I didn't go to the seaside last weekend.
3、现在进行时:肯定句、疑问句和否定句都要用助动词be
肯定句、疑问句和否定句都必须使用助动词be,助动词形式跟人称、主语单复数有关(要根据实际情况变为am, is, are),同时实义动词要使用ing形式.
I am doing Maths homework. I'm not doing Maths homework.
You are watching TV. You aren't watching TV. Are you watching TV?
He is playing football. He isn't playing football. Is he playing football?
They are dancing. They aren't dancing. Are they dancing?
4、一般将来时:肯定句、疑问句和否定句都要用主动词will
肯定句、疑问句和否定句都必须使用主动词will,助动词形式跟人称、主语单复数无关,实义动词必须使用原形。否定式缩写为won't。
He will see the doctor tomorrow. He won't see the doctor tomorrow.
Will he see the doctor tomorrow?
They will take part in the sports meeting next week.
They won't take part in the sports meeting next week.
Will they take part in the sports meeting next week?
(三)最特殊的动词:be
1、除了在情态动词和不定式后面以及被动语态的进行时(暂时都还没学),才用原形be,其他情况都要根据人称、主语单复数变为am,is,are或was,were。
2、动词be只有在进行时(比如上面讲到的现在进行时)和被动语态中才是助动词(助动词没有实际意义),其他情况下它是具有实际意义的系动词。
I am a student. I'm not a student. Are you a student?
He is an actor. He isn't an actor. Is he an actor?
They are very happy. They aren't very happy. Are they very happy? (这三句都是错的:Do they happy? Did they happy? Will they happy?)
对:He won a gold medal in the Maths Olympic Games
6、其他状语
(1)我们是走路去学校的。(方式)
错:We are on food go to school.
对:We go to school on food.
(2)我和我的朋友今年夏季去了湄洲岛。(伴随,时间) 或:今年夏季,我和我的朋友去了湄洲岛。
错:I and my friend this year summer went to the Meizhou Island. 对:I went to the Meizhou Island with my friend this summer.
动词与状语在中英文句子中的不同位置
标题中的话题是一个非常庞大的话题,很难在篇幅中介绍得清楚。之所以想简要地写几句,是因为看到几个小学生在英语写话中的错误句子后,有一种必须要讲一讲的念头。按道理,小朋友学英语是不宜讲什么语法的,可是我发现,有些小朋友通过多听多说等自然方式学习英语挺长时间后,还是会犯一些非常基本的致命错误。于是就想,低年龄的孩子学英语,语法确实处于从属位置,但由于他们都是在非英语环境中学习英语,无法自然习得,所以,我还是认为学习一些关键语法还是无法避免的。
先说下我看到的错误句子:
1. He ran was very fast.
2. He in the 100m race can compete with his classmates.
3. Is the sun often shine in summer in your city?
4. Does he happy everyday in the school?
根据上面的错误,我暂时想到简要地先写下如下的小结。这个小结是比较一 刀切的、是有漏洞的,经不起学术上的仔细推敲与检验,但对于小朋友避免犯上述错误应该还是管用的。而且如果讲得过于复杂和完整,小孩子根本无法理解和接受。
一、完整的句子必须有实义动词
英语最基本上的句型就是主语+谓语,其中谓语由实义动词承担。也就是说,英语句子=主语+实义动词。除了口语和简化的回答,完整的英语句子中必有实义动词。由于在书面考试中,无论是翻译、填空、选择、改错还是写作等各种题型中,我们面对的大多是完整的英语句子,所以牢记这一点很重要。
理解这点,加上对英语中实义动词和助动词的理解,就不会犯类似"Does he happy everyday in the school"的错误了。
二、主语和动词的相互位置
1主语后面。
2
在句子中的顺序比较灵活。
3、状语在中英文中的不同位置
状语种类很多,包括用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。我们现在主要学习了解时间状语和地点状语在中英文中的不同位置,也会举几个其他状语的例子。
4、时间状语
(1)他经常早上7点钟起床。
错:He often in the morning at 7 o'clock gets up.
对He often gets up at 7:00 o’clock in the morning.
(2)我明天晚上要去电影院。
错:I willI tomorrow evening go to the cinema.
对:I will go to the cinema tomorrow evening.
(3)他晚上八点之前就完成了所有作业。
错:He in the evening before 8:00 o'clock finished all the homework. 对:He finished all the homework before 8:00 o'clock in the evening.
5、地点状语
(1)我在学校门口看到了格林先生。
错:I at the school gate saw Mr. Green.
对:I saw Mr. Green at the school gate.
(2)我们明天早上9点钟在中山公园见面。
错:We tomorrow morning 9 o'clock in the Zhongshan Park meet.
对:We will meet at 9:00 o'clock tomorrow morning in the Zhongshan Park.
(3)我能够在马拉松比赛中跟他们竞争。
错:I can in the Marathon race compete with them.
对:I can compete with them in the Marathon race.
(4)他在奥数比赛中得了金牌。(won是win的过去式,赢得、得到的意思) 错:He in the Maths Olympic games won a gold medal.
三、关于英语的动词
英语的动词很复杂,是初学者最难掌握和最容易出错的内容之一。根据对大家目前容易出错知识点的分析,对英语动词的分类和使用进行简单总结。
(一)、实义动词(行为动词)
实义动词,又叫行为动词,具有完整的实际意义,可单独作谓语,主要表示行为、动作的动词,有时候也表示状态。
(二)、助动词
助动词本身没有实际词义,不能单独作谓语。在一个完整的句子中不能只有助动词,助动词只能与实义动词一起使用。表示时态、语态以及疑问和否定。
(1)
(2)(3)
Do和does; don't和doesn't; did、didn't;
be (am,is,are;I'm not, isn't, aren't); will和won't。
1
,助动词形式跟人称、主语单复数有关,实义动词必须变为原形。
错:Does he English well? 对:Does he speak English well?
错:Lucy doesn’t vegetables. 对:Lucy doesn’t like vegetables.
错:Does Lucy and Karen come from England?
对:Do Lucy and Karen come from England?
2
肯定句不需要使用助动词,但疑问句和否定句必须使用助动词did和didn’t,助动词形式跟人称、主语的单复数无关,实义动词必须变为原形。
错:Did you all the homework?
对:Did you finish all the homework?
错:I didn't went to the seaside last weekend.
对:I didn't go to the seaside last weekend.
3、现在进行时:肯定句、疑问句和否定句都要用助动词be
肯定句、疑问句和否定句都必须使用助动词be,助动词形式跟人称、主语单复数有关(要根据实际情况变为am, is, are),同时实义动词要使用ing形式.
I am doing Maths homework. I'm not doing Maths homework.
You are watching TV. You aren't watching TV. Are you watching TV?
He is playing football. He isn't playing football. Is he playing football?
They are dancing. They aren't dancing. Are they dancing?
4、一般将来时:肯定句、疑问句和否定句都要用主动词will
肯定句、疑问句和否定句都必须使用主动词will,助动词形式跟人称、主语单复数无关,实义动词必须使用原形。否定式缩写为won't。
He will see the doctor tomorrow. He won't see the doctor tomorrow.
Will he see the doctor tomorrow?
They will take part in the sports meeting next week.
They won't take part in the sports meeting next week.
Will they take part in the sports meeting next week?
(三)最特殊的动词:be
1、除了在情态动词和不定式后面以及被动语态的进行时(暂时都还没学),才用原形be,其他情况都要根据人称、主语单复数变为am,is,are或was,were。
2、动词be只有在进行时(比如上面讲到的现在进行时)和被动语态中才是助动词(助动词没有实际意义),其他情况下它是具有实际意义的系动词。
I am a student. I'm not a student. Are you a student?
He is an actor. He isn't an actor. Is he an actor?
They are very happy. They aren't very happy. Are they very happy? (这三句都是错的:Do they happy? Did they happy? Will they happy?)
对:He won a gold medal in the Maths Olympic Games
6、其他状语
(1)我们是走路去学校的。(方式)
错:We are on food go to school.
对:We go to school on food.
(2)我和我的朋友今年夏季去了湄洲岛。(伴随,时间) 或:今年夏季,我和我的朋友去了湄洲岛。
错:I and my friend this year summer went to the Meizhou Island. 对:I went to the Meizhou Island with my friend this summer.