将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有如下几种:
a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:buy→have,borrow→ keep,come /go /become→be,catch /get a cold→have a cold,get to know→know等。
b.be+名词:join the Party /League→be a Party /League member, go to school→be a student,join the army→be a soldier等。
c.be+形容词/副词:die→be dead,leave→be away(from),put on→be on,finish /end→be over,begin /start→be on,come→be here / in,fall asleep→be asleep,go out→be out等。
d.be+介词短语:go to school→be in /at school,join the army→ be in the army等。 e.去掉短语中的短暂性动词:get to know→know,come to work→work,begin to study→study等。
1.reach
arrive in / at→ be in / at
come to
2. come out →be out
go
3. come —be here
4. leave —be away / from
5. join —be a member of / be in the
6. die —be dead
7. catch a cold —have a cold
8. begin / start =be on
9. put on —wear
10. buy —have
11. borrow —keep
12. become —be
13. fall asleep —be asleep
14. fall ill be ill\ sick
sick
15. open —be open
16. lose —be lost
17. get to know— begin to know
18. go to sleep/get to sleep=sleep
19. get up —be up
20. close —be closed
21. finish / end —be over
22. move —be out of
23. break —be broken
24. marry —be married
25. go —be away
26. wake —be awake
27. get to know --- know,
28.wear→put on come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at
open-----be open
die------be dead
close----be closed
become---be
borrow---keep
begin/start-----be on
put on----wear
leave-----be away (from)
buy-----have fall
asleep----be asleep
end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold
join the army----be in the army be a soldier
join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ). I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:
⑴.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years
动词按其动作发生的方式,动作发生过程的长短,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作,这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如:learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep, have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生立即结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后,就不能再继续下去。如:leave,start,set out,arrive,reach,get to,begin, stop,shut,turn off,marry,put,put on,get up,wake,fall,join,receive, finish,end,complete,become,come,go,die,close,open,break,give, jump,buy,borrow等。
1.终止性动词的用法
1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The plane has arrived飞机到了。
I have finished my homework.我已完成了作业。
2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以其现在完成时(只限于肯定式)不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
①他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years.
②他来这儿三个月了。误:he has come here for three months.
①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词,它们可用于完成时,但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years /months连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢?我们可采用下列方法:
A.用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如:
①He has been dead for three years.
②He has been here for three months.
B.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语,原动词的完成时改为过去时。如: ①He died three years ago.
②He came here three months ago.
C.用“It is /has been +一段时间+since(一般过去时)”结构。如:
①It is /has been three years since he died.
②It is /has been three months since he came here.
D.用“多长时间+has passed +since(一般过去时)”结构。如:
①Three years has passed since he died.
②Three months has passed since he came here.
3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已成为一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
I haven't heard from him for two weeks.我已两个星期没收到他的信了。
He hasn't left here since 1990.自从1990年以来,他一直没有离开过这儿。
4)终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用,构成“not...until”结构,意为“直到„„才„„”,表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如:
We won't go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops.直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。 —When did you go to bed last night?昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的?
—I didn't go to bed until my father got home.直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。
5)在while(表示“一段时间”)引导的从句中,不能用终止性动词,但when可以,因为when可表示“时间的点”,也可表示“一段时间”。如:
误:While I got to the village,it was dark.
正:When I got to the village,it was dark.
6)终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如:
误:How long have you borrow the book?
可改用延续性动词或与when连用的一般过去时。
正:How long have you kept the book?
正:When did you borrow the book?
2.延续性动词的用法
1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。如:
I have waited for him for nearly two hours.我等他快两个小时了。
2)终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。同样,延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。如:
误:It rained at eight yesterday morning.
rain为延续性动词,而at eight是表示时间点的状语,显然矛盾。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为,可以借助come,get, begin等终止性动词来表达。上句可改为:
It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
3)在until引导的时间状语从句中,若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词,既可以用肯定形式,也可以用否定形式,但句子含义不同。试比较:
She listened to the radio until her father came back.她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。 She didn't listen to the radio until her father came back.直到她父亲回来才听收音机。
将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有如下几种:
a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:buy→have,borrow→ keep,come /go /become→be,catch /get a cold→have a cold,get to know→know等。
b.be+名词:join the Party /League→be a Party /League member, go to school→be a student,join the army→be a soldier等。
c.be+形容词/副词:die→be dead,leave→be away(from),put on→be on,finish /end→be over,begin /start→be on,come→be here / in,fall asleep→be asleep,go out→be out等。
d.be+介词短语:go to school→be in /at school,join the army→ be in the army等。 e.去掉短语中的短暂性动词:get to know→know,come to work→work,begin to study→study等。
1.reach
arrive in / at→ be in / at
come to
2. come out →be out
go
3. come —be here
4. leave —be away / from
5. join —be a member of / be in the
6. die —be dead
7. catch a cold —have a cold
8. begin / start =be on
9. put on —wear
10. buy —have
11. borrow —keep
12. become —be
13. fall asleep —be asleep
14. fall ill be ill\ sick
sick
15. open —be open
16. lose —be lost
17. get to know— begin to know
18. go to sleep/get to sleep=sleep
19. get up —be up
20. close —be closed
21. finish / end —be over
22. move —be out of
23. break —be broken
24. marry —be married
25. go —be away
26. wake —be awake
27. get to know --- know,
28.wear→put on come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at
open-----be open
die------be dead
close----be closed
become---be
borrow---keep
begin/start-----be on
put on----wear
leave-----be away (from)
buy-----have fall
asleep----be asleep
end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold
join the army----be in the army be a soldier
join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ). I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:
⑴.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years
动词按其动作发生的方式,动作发生过程的长短,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作,这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如:learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep, have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生立即结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后,就不能再继续下去。如:leave,start,set out,arrive,reach,get to,begin, stop,shut,turn off,marry,put,put on,get up,wake,fall,join,receive, finish,end,complete,become,come,go,die,close,open,break,give, jump,buy,borrow等。
1.终止性动词的用法
1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The plane has arrived飞机到了。
I have finished my homework.我已完成了作业。
2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以其现在完成时(只限于肯定式)不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
①他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years.
②他来这儿三个月了。误:he has come here for three months.
①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词,它们可用于完成时,但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years /months连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢?我们可采用下列方法:
A.用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如:
①He has been dead for three years.
②He has been here for three months.
B.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语,原动词的完成时改为过去时。如: ①He died three years ago.
②He came here three months ago.
C.用“It is /has been +一段时间+since(一般过去时)”结构。如:
①It is /has been three years since he died.
②It is /has been three months since he came here.
D.用“多长时间+has passed +since(一般过去时)”结构。如:
①Three years has passed since he died.
②Three months has passed since he came here.
3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已成为一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
I haven't heard from him for two weeks.我已两个星期没收到他的信了。
He hasn't left here since 1990.自从1990年以来,他一直没有离开过这儿。
4)终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用,构成“not...until”结构,意为“直到„„才„„”,表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如:
We won't go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops.直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。 —When did you go to bed last night?昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的?
—I didn't go to bed until my father got home.直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。
5)在while(表示“一段时间”)引导的从句中,不能用终止性动词,但when可以,因为when可表示“时间的点”,也可表示“一段时间”。如:
误:While I got to the village,it was dark.
正:When I got to the village,it was dark.
6)终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如:
误:How long have you borrow the book?
可改用延续性动词或与when连用的一般过去时。
正:How long have you kept the book?
正:When did you borrow the book?
2.延续性动词的用法
1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。如:
I have waited for him for nearly two hours.我等他快两个小时了。
2)终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。同样,延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。如:
误:It rained at eight yesterday morning.
rain为延续性动词,而at eight是表示时间点的状语,显然矛盾。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为,可以借助come,get, begin等终止性动词来表达。上句可改为:
It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
3)在until引导的时间状语从句中,若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词,既可以用肯定形式,也可以用否定形式,但句子含义不同。试比较:
She listened to the radio until her father came back.她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。 She didn't listen to the radio until her father came back.直到她父亲回来才听收音机。