英语写作必须掌握的英语33个特殊句型
1. A is as much + N + as B is
结构︰主词＋be＋as＋much＋名词＋as＋（be）＋主词
说明︰此句型意为“„和„同样„”。“as much＋＋as＋（be）＋”的 be 通常省略或放句末。
Comets are just as much members of the sun’s family as (are) the other planets. 彗星和其它的行星同样是太阳家族的成员。
To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。 He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom. 他和汤姆同样是管弦乐队的成员。
2. not as/so + ADJ/ADV + as + N
结构︰not as／so＋形容词／副词＋as＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“不像„那样„”。as„as 可用于肯定句或，而 so„as 仅可用于构中。
It is not as (so) popular as other foods. 它不像其它食物那样受欢迎。 He does not study as (so) hard as John. 他不像约翰那样用功。
I am not as (so) careful as Tom. 我不像汤姆那样细心。
3. not so adj. as adj.
结构︰not so＋形容词／副词＋as＋形容词／副词
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是„倒不如说是„”。相当于“／＋rather than＋／”。
She is not so beautiful as charming. (=She is charming rather than beautiful.) 与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。
He is not so clever as diligent. 与其说他聪明倒不如说他勤奋。
She is not so kind as simple. 与其说她善良不如说她单纯。
4. not so much + N as + N
结构︰not so much＋名词＋as＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是„倒不如说是„”。相当于“＋rather than＋”。 He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者。 He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 他的努力胜于天份。
The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment. 阿波罗计划与其说是一项科学成果，不如说是一项技术成就。
5. not so much ... as ...
结构︰not so much＋介系词词组／不定词词组＋as＋介系词词组／不定词词组
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是„倒不如说是„”。相当于“／＋rather than＋ /”。
Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health.
快乐与其说在于财富倒不如说在于健康。
One’s greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character.
一个人的伟大与其说是由他的财富来判断，倒不如说是由他的品德来判断。 Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.
与其说成功在于运气不如说是辛勤努力。
I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下来与其说是要睡觉，倒不如说是要思考。 It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living.
与其说给人面包很有帮助，倒不如说教导他如何谋生才重要。
Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation.
我们的成功与其归功于您的帮忙，不如归功于我们的合作。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning. 学校教育的最大用处，与其说是教你事物，不如说是教你学习的方法。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. (=The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.) 与其说是海洋分割这个世界，不如说是统一这个世界。
6. not so much as ...
结构︰not so much as ...
说明︰此句型意为“甚至都不„”。相当于“not even ...”。本使用时，要置于之后，即： cannot so much as＋原形（甚至„都不能），do not so much as＋原形（甚至„都不），have not so much as＋过去（甚至„都没有）。
He cannot so much as write his own name. (=He cannot even write his own name.)
他甚至连自己的名字都不会写。
He did not so much as thank me. 他甚至都没谢我。
He is so stupid that he can’t so much as eat. 他蠢得甚至连吃饭都不会。
When Mary walked in, she didn’t so much as take a glance at me, which angered me. 玛丽进门时，连看我一眼都没有，真令人生气。
7. none the ...er for ...
结构︰none the＋比较级＋for＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“即使„却一点也不„”。相当于“none the＋比较级＋because-子句”。for 为，之后接为其；because 则为，之后接＋，引导。
His health is none the better for his exercise (=because he takes exercise).
即使他运动，他的健康状况却一点也不好。
She is none the more beautiful because she wears a fancy dress.
即使她身穿时髦洋装，却一点也不漂亮。
He is none the happier for his great wealth. 即使他有钱，却一点也不快乐。
He is none the wiser because he has read many books.
他虽然读了不少书，可是并未因此而聪明些。
8. none the less ... for ...
结构︰none the less＋形容词／副词＋for＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“即使„却仍然”。相当于“none the less＋形容词／副词＋because-子句”。none the less 为，译成“仍然”，可修饰，或；修饰时，置于该之后；修饰时，置于该之前；修饰时，置于该之前。
I love him none the less because he is poor. 即使他穷，我还是爱他。
She is none the less beautiful for her shabby clothing. 即使她衣衫褴褛，却仍然美丽。 He studied none the less hard because he had failed. 即使他失败了，却仍然用功念书。
9. ... no more ... than ...
结构︰A＋动词＋no more＋B＋than＋C＋动词＋D
说明︰此句型意为“A 不是 B 正如 C 不是 D”。“no more ... than”等于“not ... any more than”。若 than之后的词类与前面的词类相同，可以省略；若不同，则不可省略。
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸鱼不是鱼正如马不是鱼一样。
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
没有爱的家不是家，就如同没有灵魂的身体不是人一样。
He is no more able to speak English than I am (able to speak English).
和我不会说英语一样，他也不会说英语。
He is no more considerate of others than his brother is. 他不体谅别人，就跟他弟弟一样。 He can no more sing than I can dance. 他不会唱歌正如我不会跳舞一样。
We can no more live without sleep than (we can) without water.
我们没有睡眠不能活，正如我们没有水就不能活一样。
I am no more out of my mind than you are (out of your mind). 你我两人都没有疯狂。 Tom was no more surprised than (he was) disappointed at this news.
汤姆听见那消息既不惊讶也不失望。
He is no better (no more good) at English than I am. 他的英文不好，就像我一样。
10. ... no less ... than ...
结构︰A＋动词＋no less＋B＋than＋C＋动词＋D
说明︰此句型意为“A 是 B 和 C 是 D 一样”。“no less ... than”等于“as ... as”，no less 之后可置或 修饰。
A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 鲸鱼和马一样都是哺乳动物。
He is no less clever than his elder brother. 他和他的大哥一样聪明。
She is no less good at swimming than Mary. 她和玛丽一样擅长游泳。
His parents are no less happy over his engagement than he is (happy over his engagement). 他的双亲对他订婚的高兴并不亚于他自己。
He studies no less hard than John. 他和约翰一样用功。
Associating with good friends is no less important to us than choosing good books.
交益友与选择好书对我们同样重要。
A good shirt is no less expensive than a jacket.一件好衬衫的昂贵程度并不比一件夹克衫差。 Sports wears, no less than suits, are very much saleable.运动服和西服套一样，非常畅销。
11. I am too glad not to ...
结构︰主词＋动词＋too＋形容词／副词＋not＋to-不定词„
说明︰此句型意为“太„而必能„；非常„”。本具有双重否定作用，也可将否定词移到部分。
Our professor is too capable not to solve this difficult problem.
我们教授非常有才干，必定能解决这一难题。
This customer is too honest not to deceive us. 这位客户非常诚实，不会骗我们。
I am too glad not to help the boy.我太乐意了而不能不帮助那男孩－－我非常乐意帮助那男孩。
It is never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。
12. I am only too ... to ...
结构︰主词＋动词＋only too＋形容词／副词＋to-不定词
说明︰此句型意为“非常„”。only 除去了 too 的否定意义，only too 相当于 very，very much 等。
I am only too glad to accept your kind invitation. 我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。 He is only too willing to serve friends. 他极愿为朋友效劳。
I am only too pleased to do business with you. 我能和你做生意，太高兴了。
13. ... only to do ...
结构︰„only／merely／simply／just＋to-不定词„
说明︰此句型意为“竟然„；却„”。表示与先前的努力相反的结果，一般用在句尾。 He studied hard only to fail in the exam. 他这么用功，结果竟然考场失利。
He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.
他一路冲往车站，结果还是错过了火车。
He tried a second time only to fail again. 他再试一次，竟然还是失败。
He tried to increase his income by gambling only to plunge more deeply into the mire. 他企图藉赌博增加收入，却陷入了更深的困境。
I went out, merely to get caught in a shower. 我跑出去，结果徒然碰到一场骤雨。
14. ... have only to do ...
结构︰have only＋to-不定词„
说明︰此句型意为“只需„就够了”。相当于“All one has to do ...”或“What one has to do ...”。
You have only to sit there and watch what I am doing. 你只要坐在这里，看着我做就行了。 Don’t worry; you have only to sing a song to please her. 不用担心，你只需唱首歌让她高兴就行了。 You have only to go. 你只要去即可。
You have only to ask and he’ll tell you. 你只要问他，他就会告诉你。
15. There is no + V-ing ...
结构︰There is no＋动名词„
说明︰此句型意为“做„是不可能的”。等于“It is impossible to＋原形”或“No one can＋原形”。
There is no accounting for tastes. 人各有所好。
There was no telling what the next assignment would be. 不晓得下一个任务将是什么。 There is no reasoning with such a stubborn man as Peter.
跟彼得这种固执的人讲理简直是不可能的事。
There is no denying that Taiwan is a beautiful island.台湾是座美丽的岛屿，这是不可否认的。 There is no describing the beauty of the scene. 谁都无法形容这景色的美丽。
There is no typing up this letter within five minutes. 不可能在五分钟内打完这封信。
16. may as well + V ...
结构︰may as well＋原形动词
说明︰此句型意为“最好„；不妨„”。等于 had better，但比较委婉。
We may as well leave the table after dinner is over. 晚餐后我们不妨离开桌子。 You may as well keep it a secret. 你最好将这件事保密。
You are not (physically) strong, so you may as well take care of your health.
你的体格不壮，因此最好注意健康。
17. ...may as well ... as ...
结构︰may／might as well＋原形动词 A＋as＋原形动词 B
说明︰此句型意为“与其 B 倒不如 A”。相当于“had better A than B”。“may as well ... as”实现的可能性较大，而“might as well ... as”实现的可能性较小。
Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here as leave.
既然雨下得这么大，你与其离开倒不如待在这儿。
You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.
你借他钱不如把钱扔到海里去。
You might as well not know a thing at all as know it only a little.
只知道一点点，不如完全不晓得。
I may as well die as marry him.我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。（我若嫁给他，很可能去死。）
I might as well die as marry him.
我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。（我不太可能嫁给他，也不太可能去死。） You might as well talk to a stone as try to argue with a stubborn woman.
你与其跟一个倔女人争吵，还不如对一块石头说话。
You might as well advise me to give up my fortune as my argument.
你劝我停止辩论，倒不如劝我抛弃一切财产。
You might as well ask the tree for help as request him to reduce the price.
你与其要他减价还不如求助于一棵树。
18. I should have known better
结构︰主词＋should have known better（than to＋原形动词）
说明︰此句型意为“本来不应该那样笨（而„）”，是指已经做过之事，而 know better（不致那样笨）是指未做之事。
I should have known better. 我本来不应该那样笨。
You should have known better than to talk like that. 你本应更懂事而不致说这样的话。 You should have known better than to go mountain climbing alone.
你本来不该笨得单独去爬山。
I know better than to go swimming after dinner. 我不致笨得吃过饭就去游泳。
19. what with ... and ...
结构︰what with ... and (what with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“一方面因为„一方面因为„”。等于“half through ... (half through) ...”、“partly because (of) ... (partly because (of)) ...”。
What with laziness and (what with) illness, he lost his job.
一方面因为懒，一方面因为生病，他丢了工作。
What with the wind and what with the rain, our trip was ruined.
又是刮风又是下雨，我们的旅游都给搞砸了。
What with the high prices, and what with the badness of the times, we find it hard to get
along. 部分因为物价高涨，部分因为时机不好，生活真是愈来愈难过了。
20. as is often the case ...
结构︰as／which is often the case (with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“„是常有的情形”。这是当的 as 以全体当先行词的，可以用 which 代替 as。
He was late for school, as (which) was often the case with him.
他上学迟到，但这对他而言已是家常便饭了。
As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 就像其它老人一样，我祖父也老喜欢讲他当年的故事。
He quarreled with his friends, as was the often the case.
他和朋友吵架，但这已屡见不鲜。
21. There is no + N + but ...
结构︰There is no＋名词＋but„
说明︰此句型意为“无„而不”。but 做准（既当又做用），相当于“who／whom／which„not„”。
只知道一点点，不如完全不晓得。
I may as well die as marry him.我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。（我若嫁给他，很可能去死。）
I might as well die as marry him.
我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。（我不太可能嫁给他，也不太可能去死。） You might as well talk to a stone as try to argue with a stubborn woman.
你与其跟一个倔女人争吵，还不如对一块石头说话。
You might as well advise me to give up my fortune as my argument.
你劝我停止辩论，倒不如劝我抛弃一切财产。
You might as well ask the tree for help as request him to reduce the price.
你与其要他减价还不如求助于一棵树。
18. I should have known better
结构︰主词＋should have known better（than to＋原形动词）
说明︰此句型意为“本来不应该那样笨（而„）”，是指已经做过之事，而 know better（不致那样笨）是指未做之事。
I should have known better. 我本来不应该那样笨。
You should have known better than to talk like that. 你本应更懂事而不致说这样的话。 You should have known better than to go mountain climbing alone.
你本来不该笨得单独去爬山。
I know better than to go swimming after dinner. 我不致笨得吃过饭就去游泳。
19. what with ... and ...
结构︰what with ... and (what with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“一方面因为„一方面因为„”。等于“half through ... (half through) ...”、“partly because (of) ... (partly because (of)) ...”。
What with laziness and (what with) illness, he lost his job.
一方面因为懒，一方面因为生病，他丢了工作。
What with the wind and what with the rain, our trip was ruined.
又是刮风又是下雨，我们的旅游都给搞砸了。
What with the high prices, and what with the badness of the times, we find it hard to get
along. 部分因为物价高涨，部分因为时机不好，生活真是愈来愈难过了。
20. as is often the case ...
结构︰as／which is often the case (with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“„是常有的情形”。这是当的 as 以全体当先行词的，可以用 which 代替 as。
He was late for school, as (which) was often the case with him.
他上学迟到，但这对他而言已是家常便饭了。
As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 就像其它老人一样，我祖父也老喜欢讲他当年的故事。
He quarreled with his friends, as was the often the case.
他和朋友吵架，但这已屡见不鲜。
21. There is no + N + but ...
结构︰There is no＋名词＋but„
说明︰此句型意为“无„而不”。but 做准（既当又做用），相当于“who／whom／which„not„”。
There is no one but is (=who is not) concerned about his future. 没有人不关心自己的未来。 There is nothing but he can do. (=There is nothing that he can’t do.) 没有他做不到的事。 There is no rule but has exceptions. (=There is no rule that doesn’t have exceptions.) 每一种规则都有例外。
There is no one but wishes to get somewhere. 没有人不希望将来能有所成就。
There is no man but has his faults. 没有人没有缺点。
22. It is not uncommon for ...
结构︰It is not uncommon for＋名词＋to-不定词„
说明︰此句型意为“„并非不常见”。not uncommon 是双重否定，表肯定。it 是虚。 It is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room.
父母把新生儿放在分隔的房间并非不常见。
It is not uncommon for women to smoke in public. 妇女在大众面前抽烟并非不常见。 It is not uncommon for people to jaywalk. 人们任意穿越马路并非不常见。
23. I cannot ... too ...
结构︰cannot„too＋形容词／副词
说明︰此句型意为“再„也不为过；愈„愈好”。也可用“cannot＋＋too much”或“cannot„＋too many／much＋／”。
You cannot be too careful when driving a car. 开车时愈小心愈好。
I cannot thank enough for your kindness. 我再怎么感谢你的好意也不为过。
We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.
我们再怎样强调学英文的重要性也不为过。
It is wrong to think that one cannot make too many friends.
认为一个人交愈多朋友愈好是错的。
He thinks it right that one cannot make too much money.他认为一个人赚再多的钱也不为过。 You cannot study too hard. 你愈用功愈好。
One cannot be too careful in choosing friends. 择友愈谨慎愈好。
You cannot quit smoking too soon. 你愈早戒烟愈好。
24. not that ... but that ...
结构︰(It is) not that ... but that ...
说明︰此句型意为“并非„而是„”。It is 通常予以省略。
Not that I dislike the task, but that I am not equal to it.
并非我不喜欢这工作，而是我无法胜任。
Believe it or not, not that I don’t love Mary, but that I love my country (all the) more. 信不信由你，并非我不爱玛丽，而是我更爱我的国家。
Not that I hate the work. I’m not strong enough for it.
并非我讨厌这份工作，而是我不够强壮，无法胜任。
25. so much so that ...
结构︰so much so that＋主词＋动词
说明︰此句型意为“如此„所以„”。第一个 so 是“如此地”，第二个 so 是，代表前面提过的某一个观念。
Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries today － so much so that giving a homemade gift is sometimes considered extraordinary. 当今用手做东西，在许多国家已经成为很特殊－－如此地特殊，以致赠送自制礼物有时被认为是不寻常的。 He is rich－so much so that he can buy anything he wants.
他有钱－－如此有钱。所以他可以买任何他要的东西。
Tom is clever－so much so that he can solve most of the problems.
汤姆聪明－－聪明地可以解决大多数这些问题。
26. Poor as he is, ...
结构︰形容词＋as＋主词＋be 动词，„
说明︰此句型意为“虽然„，但是„”。等于“though＋＋be ＋”。 Poor as he is (=Though he is poor), he doesn’t feel inferior.虽然他穷，他并不觉得低人一等。 Tired as she was, she kept doing it. 她虽然累了，仍继续做下去。
Nice as he is, I don’t like him. 虽然他很好，但我不喜欢他。
Stern as he is, he is full of sympathy. 虽然他严格，却富有同情心。
Young as he was, he was prudent. 他虽然如此年轻，却很慎重。
Surprised as he was at the news, he kept it secret all the week.
这消息虽然令他吃惊，但他却整个礼拜都没说出来。
27. Hard as he worked, ...
结构︰副词（动词）＋as＋主词＋动词，（yet）„
说明︰此句型意为“虽然„，但是„”。等于“though＋＋（＋）”。
Hard as he worked (=Though he worked hard), he failed in the exam.
虽然他很用功，考试仍失败了。
Much as she loved him (=Though she loved him very much), he deserted her in the long run. 虽然她很爱他，但最后他仍抛弃了她。
Much as the sheep look alike, the old man can tell one from another.
虽然绵羊看起来很相像，但那位老人仍能一一区别。
Much as I like her, I won’t marry her. 我虽然很喜欢她，却不打算娶她。
Well as he does in study, he is not arrogant. 虽然他功课很好，却一点都不傲慢。
Much as we may take pride on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose things (that)
we want.虽然我们对我们高尚的品味感到非常得意，我们却不再能自由地去选择我们所要的东西。
Much as I hope I may gain weight, (yet) I am still as thin as before.
虽然我非常希望增加体重，但我仍然像以前一样的瘦。
Fast as you do, you can’t finish the assignment in two hours.
尽管你做得快，总也不能在两小时内将功课做完。
Search as I would, I could not find the book. 无论我怎么找，也没有找到书。
Try as you might, you can’t keep the lost time. 不管你怎么努力，失去的时间无法赶上。 Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye for all her movements.
他虽然啃着苹果，但却很留神地监视着她的每一个动作。
28. It is a/an +adj. +a noun +that/who…
结构：It is a/an +adj. +a noun +that/who…
说明：无论怎样…的….也不会…/不管…也不可能…
It is a wise father that knows his own child.
再聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的孩子.
It is a smart man that succeeds without hard work.
再聪明的人不付出努力也不会成功.
It is a good car that can work without petrol.
再好的汽车没有汽油也无法运行.
It is an able workman that can work without any tools.
One cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. means "巧妇难为无米之炊"
29. “A is to B what X is to Y”
结构：A is to B what X is to Y
说明：A对B就如同X对Y一样
(1) The man who cannot be trusted is to the society what a piece of rotten wood is to a house. 不能信赖的人对于社会而言正如朽木对于房屋一样。
(2) Air is to us what water is to fish.
空气对于我们的重要犹如水对于鱼一样重要。
(3) Railway is to transportation what blood is to a man’s body.
铁路对于交通就如血液对于人的身体同等重要。
(4) Reading is to mind what food is to the body.
读书对于头脑而言就像食物对身体一样重要。
(5) An individual is to a country what a screw is to a machine.
一个人对于国家的作用，犹如螺丝钉对于机器同等重要。
30. “否定助动词 + because”
结构：not…. because
说明：与否定助动词连用时，经常会出现两种不同的情况：
（1）未做。。。原因是。。。
（2）不是因为。。。才做。。。
（1）I didn’t go there because I was afraid.
= I didn’t go there, the reason was that I was afraid.
= I went there, the reason was that I wasn’t afraid.
我因害怕而没去。
我并不是因害怕才去的那儿。（而是因为别的什么原因）
（2）He didn’t marry her because he loved her.
（A）他并非因爱她才与她结婚。(B)他因爱她才不和她结婚.
(3) I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.
我之所以教书并非因教书轻松。
31. “what by… and what by…”“by”表示“手段；方法”
（1） What by brides and what by blackmail, he made money
一是由于受贿，二是由于诈骗，他发了财。
（2） What by policy and what by persuasion, the police finally made the criminal confess
what he had done.
一是用政策，二是用说服教育的手段，警方终于使罪犯坦白了他所做的一切。
32. ”What +名词” “what little +名词”
”What +名词”= all the ….that; “what little +名词”= 虽少但所有的…；所仅有的…
(1) I gave him what money I had in my pocket.
我把我口袋里所有的钱都给了他。
(2) I will lend you what books I have in my possession.
我会把我所仅有的书借给你。
(3) I gave him what little water I had in my thermos.
我把我水壶里仅有的水给了他。
(4) I donated what few coats I had to the people in the flood-stricken areas.
我将我仅有的几件外衣捐献给了洪水灾区的人们。
33. “not so much as…”= “without / not even” 甚至都没有…
(1) She is a film star, but she cannot so much as write her own name. 她是一位电影名星，然而她甚至连自己的姓名都不会写。
(2) The window is so narrow that one can not so much as get one’s head in. 这个窗户窄得连头都伸不进去。
英语写作必须掌握的英语33个特殊句型
1. A is as much + N + as B is
结构︰主词＋be＋as＋much＋名词＋as＋（be）＋主词
说明︰此句型意为“„和„同样„”。“as much＋＋as＋（be）＋”的 be 通常省略或放句末。
Comets are just as much members of the sun’s family as (are) the other planets. 彗星和其它的行星同样是太阳家族的成员。
To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。 He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom. 他和汤姆同样是管弦乐队的成员。
2. not as/so + ADJ/ADV + as + N
结构︰not as／so＋形容词／副词＋as＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“不像„那样„”。as„as 可用于肯定句或，而 so„as 仅可用于构中。
It is not as (so) popular as other foods. 它不像其它食物那样受欢迎。 He does not study as (so) hard as John. 他不像约翰那样用功。
I am not as (so) careful as Tom. 我不像汤姆那样细心。
3. not so adj. as adj.
结构︰not so＋形容词／副词＋as＋形容词／副词
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是„倒不如说是„”。相当于“／＋rather than＋／”。
She is not so beautiful as charming. (=She is charming rather than beautiful.) 与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。
He is not so clever as diligent. 与其说他聪明倒不如说他勤奋。
She is not so kind as simple. 与其说她善良不如说她单纯。
4. not so much + N as + N
结构︰not so much＋名词＋as＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是„倒不如说是„”。相当于“＋rather than＋”。 He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者。 He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 他的努力胜于天份。
The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment. 阿波罗计划与其说是一项科学成果，不如说是一项技术成就。
5. not so much ... as ...
结构︰not so much＋介系词词组／不定词词组＋as＋介系词词组／不定词词组
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是„倒不如说是„”。相当于“／＋rather than＋ /”。
Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health.
快乐与其说在于财富倒不如说在于健康。
One’s greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character.
一个人的伟大与其说是由他的财富来判断，倒不如说是由他的品德来判断。 Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.
与其说成功在于运气不如说是辛勤努力。
I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下来与其说是要睡觉，倒不如说是要思考。 It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living.
与其说给人面包很有帮助，倒不如说教导他如何谋生才重要。
Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation.
我们的成功与其归功于您的帮忙，不如归功于我们的合作。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning. 学校教育的最大用处，与其说是教你事物，不如说是教你学习的方法。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. (=The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.) 与其说是海洋分割这个世界，不如说是统一这个世界。
6. not so much as ...
结构︰not so much as ...
说明︰此句型意为“甚至都不„”。相当于“not even ...”。本使用时，要置于之后，即： cannot so much as＋原形（甚至„都不能），do not so much as＋原形（甚至„都不），have not so much as＋过去（甚至„都没有）。
He cannot so much as write his own name. (=He cannot even write his own name.)
他甚至连自己的名字都不会写。
He did not so much as thank me. 他甚至都没谢我。
He is so stupid that he can’t so much as eat. 他蠢得甚至连吃饭都不会。
When Mary walked in, she didn’t so much as take a glance at me, which angered me. 玛丽进门时，连看我一眼都没有，真令人生气。
7. none the ...er for ...
结构︰none the＋比较级＋for＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“即使„却一点也不„”。相当于“none the＋比较级＋because-子句”。for 为，之后接为其；because 则为，之后接＋，引导。
His health is none the better for his exercise (=because he takes exercise).
即使他运动，他的健康状况却一点也不好。
She is none the more beautiful because she wears a fancy dress.
即使她身穿时髦洋装，却一点也不漂亮。
He is none the happier for his great wealth. 即使他有钱，却一点也不快乐。
He is none the wiser because he has read many books.
他虽然读了不少书，可是并未因此而聪明些。
8. none the less ... for ...
结构︰none the less＋形容词／副词＋for＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“即使„却仍然”。相当于“none the less＋形容词／副词＋because-子句”。none the less 为，译成“仍然”，可修饰，或；修饰时，置于该之后；修饰时，置于该之前；修饰时，置于该之前。
I love him none the less because he is poor. 即使他穷，我还是爱他。
She is none the less beautiful for her shabby clothing. 即使她衣衫褴褛，却仍然美丽。 He studied none the less hard because he had failed. 即使他失败了，却仍然用功念书。
9. ... no more ... than ...
结构︰A＋动词＋no more＋B＋than＋C＋动词＋D
说明︰此句型意为“A 不是 B 正如 C 不是 D”。“no more ... than”等于“not ... any more than”。若 than之后的词类与前面的词类相同，可以省略；若不同，则不可省略。
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸鱼不是鱼正如马不是鱼一样。
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
没有爱的家不是家，就如同没有灵魂的身体不是人一样。
He is no more able to speak English than I am (able to speak English).
和我不会说英语一样，他也不会说英语。
He is no more considerate of others than his brother is. 他不体谅别人，就跟他弟弟一样。 He can no more sing than I can dance. 他不会唱歌正如我不会跳舞一样。
We can no more live without sleep than (we can) without water.
我们没有睡眠不能活，正如我们没有水就不能活一样。
I am no more out of my mind than you are (out of your mind). 你我两人都没有疯狂。 Tom was no more surprised than (he was) disappointed at this news.
汤姆听见那消息既不惊讶也不失望。
He is no better (no more good) at English than I am. 他的英文不好，就像我一样。
10. ... no less ... than ...
结构︰A＋动词＋no less＋B＋than＋C＋动词＋D
说明︰此句型意为“A 是 B 和 C 是 D 一样”。“no less ... than”等于“as ... as”，no less 之后可置或 修饰。
A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 鲸鱼和马一样都是哺乳动物。
He is no less clever than his elder brother. 他和他的大哥一样聪明。
She is no less good at swimming than Mary. 她和玛丽一样擅长游泳。
His parents are no less happy over his engagement than he is (happy over his engagement). 他的双亲对他订婚的高兴并不亚于他自己。
He studies no less hard than John. 他和约翰一样用功。
Associating with good friends is no less important to us than choosing good books.
交益友与选择好书对我们同样重要。
A good shirt is no less expensive than a jacket.一件好衬衫的昂贵程度并不比一件夹克衫差。 Sports wears, no less than suits, are very much saleable.运动服和西服套一样，非常畅销。
11. I am too glad not to ...
结构︰主词＋动词＋too＋形容词／副词＋not＋to-不定词„
说明︰此句型意为“太„而必能„；非常„”。本具有双重否定作用，也可将否定词移到部分。
Our professor is too capable not to solve this difficult problem.
我们教授非常有才干，必定能解决这一难题。
This customer is too honest not to deceive us. 这位客户非常诚实，不会骗我们。
I am too glad not to help the boy.我太乐意了而不能不帮助那男孩－－我非常乐意帮助那男孩。
It is never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。
12. I am only too ... to ...
结构︰主词＋动词＋only too＋形容词／副词＋to-不定词
说明︰此句型意为“非常„”。only 除去了 too 的否定意义，only too 相当于 very，very much 等。
I am only too glad to accept your kind invitation. 我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。 He is only too willing to serve friends. 他极愿为朋友效劳。
I am only too pleased to do business with you. 我能和你做生意，太高兴了。
13. ... only to do ...
结构︰„only／merely／simply／just＋to-不定词„
说明︰此句型意为“竟然„；却„”。表示与先前的努力相反的结果，一般用在句尾。 He studied hard only to fail in the exam. 他这么用功，结果竟然考场失利。
He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.
他一路冲往车站，结果还是错过了火车。
He tried a second time only to fail again. 他再试一次，竟然还是失败。
He tried to increase his income by gambling only to plunge more deeply into the mire. 他企图藉赌博增加收入，却陷入了更深的困境。
I went out, merely to get caught in a shower. 我跑出去，结果徒然碰到一场骤雨。
14. ... have only to do ...
结构︰have only＋to-不定词„
说明︰此句型意为“只需„就够了”。相当于“All one has to do ...”或“What one has to do ...”。
You have only to sit there and watch what I am doing. 你只要坐在这里，看着我做就行了。 Don’t worry; you have only to sing a song to please her. 不用担心，你只需唱首歌让她高兴就行了。 You have only to go. 你只要去即可。
You have only to ask and he’ll tell you. 你只要问他，他就会告诉你。
15. There is no + V-ing ...
结构︰There is no＋动名词„
说明︰此句型意为“做„是不可能的”。等于“It is impossible to＋原形”或“No one can＋原形”。
There is no accounting for tastes. 人各有所好。
There was no telling what the next assignment would be. 不晓得下一个任务将是什么。 There is no reasoning with such a stubborn man as Peter.
跟彼得这种固执的人讲理简直是不可能的事。
There is no denying that Taiwan is a beautiful island.台湾是座美丽的岛屿，这是不可否认的。 There is no describing the beauty of the scene. 谁都无法形容这景色的美丽。
There is no typing up this letter within five minutes. 不可能在五分钟内打完这封信。
16. may as well + V ...
结构︰may as well＋原形动词
说明︰此句型意为“最好„；不妨„”。等于 had better，但比较委婉。
We may as well leave the table after dinner is over. 晚餐后我们不妨离开桌子。 You may as well keep it a secret. 你最好将这件事保密。
You are not (physically) strong, so you may as well take care of your health.
你的体格不壮，因此最好注意健康。
17. ...may as well ... as ...
结构︰may／might as well＋原形动词 A＋as＋原形动词 B
说明︰此句型意为“与其 B 倒不如 A”。相当于“had better A than B”。“may as well ... as”实现的可能性较大，而“might as well ... as”实现的可能性较小。
Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here as leave.
既然雨下得这么大，你与其离开倒不如待在这儿。
You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.
你借他钱不如把钱扔到海里去。
You might as well not know a thing at all as know it only a little.
只知道一点点，不如完全不晓得。
I may as well die as marry him.我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。（我若嫁给他，很可能去死。）
I might as well die as marry him.
我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。（我不太可能嫁给他，也不太可能去死。） You might as well talk to a stone as try to argue with a stubborn woman.
你与其跟一个倔女人争吵，还不如对一块石头说话。
You might as well advise me to give up my fortune as my argument.
你劝我停止辩论，倒不如劝我抛弃一切财产。
You might as well ask the tree for help as request him to reduce the price.
你与其要他减价还不如求助于一棵树。
18. I should have known better
结构︰主词＋should have known better（than to＋原形动词）
说明︰此句型意为“本来不应该那样笨（而„）”，是指已经做过之事，而 know better（不致那样笨）是指未做之事。
I should have known better. 我本来不应该那样笨。
You should have known better than to talk like that. 你本应更懂事而不致说这样的话。 You should have known better than to go mountain climbing alone.
你本来不该笨得单独去爬山。
I know better than to go swimming after dinner. 我不致笨得吃过饭就去游泳。
19. what with ... and ...
结构︰what with ... and (what with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“一方面因为„一方面因为„”。等于“half through ... (half through) ...”、“partly because (of) ... (partly because (of)) ...”。
What with laziness and (what with) illness, he lost his job.
一方面因为懒，一方面因为生病，他丢了工作。
What with the wind and what with the rain, our trip was ruined.
又是刮风又是下雨，我们的旅游都给搞砸了。
What with the high prices, and what with the badness of the times, we find it hard to get
along. 部分因为物价高涨，部分因为时机不好，生活真是愈来愈难过了。
20. as is often the case ...
结构︰as／which is often the case (with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“„是常有的情形”。这是当的 as 以全体当先行词的，可以用 which 代替 as。
He was late for school, as (which) was often the case with him.
他上学迟到，但这对他而言已是家常便饭了。
As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 就像其它老人一样，我祖父也老喜欢讲他当年的故事。
He quarreled with his friends, as was the often the case.
他和朋友吵架，但这已屡见不鲜。
21. There is no + N + but ...
结构︰There is no＋名词＋but„
说明︰此句型意为“无„而不”。but 做准（既当又做用），相当于“who／whom／which„not„”。
只知道一点点，不如完全不晓得。
I may as well die as marry him.我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。（我若嫁给他，很可能去死。）
I might as well die as marry him.
我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。（我不太可能嫁给他，也不太可能去死。） You might as well talk to a stone as try to argue with a stubborn woman.
你与其跟一个倔女人争吵，还不如对一块石头说话。
You might as well advise me to give up my fortune as my argument.
你劝我停止辩论，倒不如劝我抛弃一切财产。
You might as well ask the tree for help as request him to reduce the price.
你与其要他减价还不如求助于一棵树。
18. I should have known better
结构︰主词＋should have known better（than to＋原形动词）
说明︰此句型意为“本来不应该那样笨（而„）”，是指已经做过之事，而 know better（不致那样笨）是指未做之事。
I should have known better. 我本来不应该那样笨。
You should have known better than to talk like that. 你本应更懂事而不致说这样的话。 You should have known better than to go mountain climbing alone.
你本来不该笨得单独去爬山。
I know better than to go swimming after dinner. 我不致笨得吃过饭就去游泳。
19. what with ... and ...
结构︰what with ... and (what with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“一方面因为„一方面因为„”。等于“half through ... (half through) ...”、“partly because (of) ... (partly because (of)) ...”。
What with laziness and (what with) illness, he lost his job.
一方面因为懒，一方面因为生病，他丢了工作。
What with the wind and what with the rain, our trip was ruined.
又是刮风又是下雨，我们的旅游都给搞砸了。
What with the high prices, and what with the badness of the times, we find it hard to get
along. 部分因为物价高涨，部分因为时机不好，生活真是愈来愈难过了。
20. as is often the case ...
结构︰as／which is often the case (with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“„是常有的情形”。这是当的 as 以全体当先行词的，可以用 which 代替 as。
He was late for school, as (which) was often the case with him.
他上学迟到，但这对他而言已是家常便饭了。
As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 就像其它老人一样，我祖父也老喜欢讲他当年的故事。
He quarreled with his friends, as was the often the case.
他和朋友吵架，但这已屡见不鲜。
21. There is no + N + but ...
结构︰There is no＋名词＋but„
说明︰此句型意为“无„而不”。but 做准（既当又做用），相当于“who／whom／which„not„”。
There is no one but is (=who is not) concerned about his future. 没有人不关心自己的未来。 There is nothing but he can do. (=There is nothing that he can’t do.) 没有他做不到的事。 There is no rule but has exceptions. (=There is no rule that doesn’t have exceptions.) 每一种规则都有例外。
There is no one but wishes to get somewhere. 没有人不希望将来能有所成就。
There is no man but has his faults. 没有人没有缺点。
22. It is not uncommon for ...
结构︰It is not uncommon for＋名词＋to-不定词„
说明︰此句型意为“„并非不常见”。not uncommon 是双重否定，表肯定。it 是虚。 It is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room.
父母把新生儿放在分隔的房间并非不常见。
It is not uncommon for women to smoke in public. 妇女在大众面前抽烟并非不常见。 It is not uncommon for people to jaywalk. 人们任意穿越马路并非不常见。
23. I cannot ... too ...
结构︰cannot„too＋形容词／副词
说明︰此句型意为“再„也不为过；愈„愈好”。也可用“cannot＋＋too much”或“cannot„＋too many／much＋／”。
You cannot be too careful when driving a car. 开车时愈小心愈好。
I cannot thank enough for your kindness. 我再怎么感谢你的好意也不为过。
We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.
我们再怎样强调学英文的重要性也不为过。
It is wrong to think that one cannot make too many friends.
认为一个人交愈多朋友愈好是错的。
He thinks it right that one cannot make too much money.他认为一个人赚再多的钱也不为过。 You cannot study too hard. 你愈用功愈好。
One cannot be too careful in choosing friends. 择友愈谨慎愈好。
You cannot quit smoking too soon. 你愈早戒烟愈好。
24. not that ... but that ...
结构︰(It is) not that ... but that ...
说明︰此句型意为“并非„而是„”。It is 通常予以省略。
Not that I dislike the task, but that I am not equal to it.
并非我不喜欢这工作，而是我无法胜任。
Believe it or not, not that I don’t love Mary, but that I love my country (all the) more. 信不信由你，并非我不爱玛丽，而是我更爱我的国家。
Not that I hate the work. I’m not strong enough for it.
并非我讨厌这份工作，而是我不够强壮，无法胜任。
25. so much so that ...
结构︰so much so that＋主词＋动词
说明︰此句型意为“如此„所以„”。第一个 so 是“如此地”，第二个 so 是，代表前面提过的某一个观念。
Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries today － so much so that giving a homemade gift is sometimes considered extraordinary. 当今用手做东西，在许多国家已经成为很特殊－－如此地特殊，以致赠送自制礼物有时被认为是不寻常的。 He is rich－so much so that he can buy anything he wants.
他有钱－－如此有钱。所以他可以买任何他要的东西。
Tom is clever－so much so that he can solve most of the problems.
汤姆聪明－－聪明地可以解决大多数这些问题。
26. Poor as he is, ...
结构︰形容词＋as＋主词＋be 动词，„
说明︰此句型意为“虽然„，但是„”。等于“though＋＋be ＋”。 Poor as he is (=Though he is poor), he doesn’t feel inferior.虽然他穷，他并不觉得低人一等。 Tired as she was, she kept doing it. 她虽然累了，仍继续做下去。
Nice as he is, I don’t like him. 虽然他很好，但我不喜欢他。
Stern as he is, he is full of sympathy. 虽然他严格，却富有同情心。
Young as he was, he was prudent. 他虽然如此年轻，却很慎重。
Surprised as he was at the news, he kept it secret all the week.
这消息虽然令他吃惊，但他却整个礼拜都没说出来。
27. Hard as he worked, ...
结构︰副词（动词）＋as＋主词＋动词，（yet）„
说明︰此句型意为“虽然„，但是„”。等于“though＋＋（＋）”。
Hard as he worked (=Though he worked hard), he failed in the exam.
虽然他很用功，考试仍失败了。
Much as she loved him (=Though she loved him very much), he deserted her in the long run. 虽然她很爱他，但最后他仍抛弃了她。
Much as the sheep look alike, the old man can tell one from another.
虽然绵羊看起来很相像，但那位老人仍能一一区别。
Much as I like her, I won’t marry her. 我虽然很喜欢她，却不打算娶她。
Well as he does in study, he is not arrogant. 虽然他功课很好，却一点都不傲慢。
Much as we may take pride on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose things (that)
we want.虽然我们对我们高尚的品味感到非常得意，我们却不再能自由地去选择我们所要的东西。
Much as I hope I may gain weight, (yet) I am still as thin as before.
虽然我非常希望增加体重，但我仍然像以前一样的瘦。
Fast as you do, you can’t finish the assignment in two hours.
尽管你做得快，总也不能在两小时内将功课做完。
Search as I would, I could not find the book. 无论我怎么找，也没有找到书。
Try as you might, you can’t keep the lost time. 不管你怎么努力，失去的时间无法赶上。 Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye for all her movements.
他虽然啃着苹果，但却很留神地监视着她的每一个动作。
28. It is a/an +adj. +a noun +that/who…
结构：It is a/an +adj. +a noun +that/who…
说明：无论怎样…的….也不会…/不管…也不可能…
It is a wise father that knows his own child.
再聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的孩子.
It is a smart man that succeeds without hard work.
再聪明的人不付出努力也不会成功.
It is a good car that can work without petrol.
再好的汽车没有汽油也无法运行.
It is an able workman that can work without any tools.
One cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. means "巧妇难为无米之炊"
29. “A is to B what X is to Y”
结构：A is to B what X is to Y
说明：A对B就如同X对Y一样
(1) The man who cannot be trusted is to the society what a piece of rotten wood is to a house. 不能信赖的人对于社会而言正如朽木对于房屋一样。
(2) Air is to us what water is to fish.
空气对于我们的重要犹如水对于鱼一样重要。
(3) Railway is to transportation what blood is to a man’s body.
铁路对于交通就如血液对于人的身体同等重要。
(4) Reading is to mind what food is to the body.
读书对于头脑而言就像食物对身体一样重要。
(5) An individual is to a country what a screw is to a machine.
一个人对于国家的作用，犹如螺丝钉对于机器同等重要。
30. “否定助动词 + because”
结构：not…. because
说明：与否定助动词连用时，经常会出现两种不同的情况：
（1）未做。。。原因是。。。
（2）不是因为。。。才做。。。
（1）I didn’t go there because I was afraid.
= I didn’t go there, the reason was that I was afraid.
= I went there, the reason was that I wasn’t afraid.
我因害怕而没去。
我并不是因害怕才去的那儿。（而是因为别的什么原因）
（2）He didn’t marry her because he loved her.
（A）他并非因爱她才与她结婚。(B)他因爱她才不和她结婚.
(3) I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.
我之所以教书并非因教书轻松。
31. “what by… and what by…”“by”表示“手段；方法”
（1） What by brides and what by blackmail, he made money
一是由于受贿，二是由于诈骗，他发了财。
（2） What by policy and what by persuasion, the police finally made the criminal confess
what he had done.
一是用政策，二是用说服教育的手段，警方终于使罪犯坦白了他所做的一切。
32. ”What +名词” “what little +名词”
”What +名词”= all the ….that; “what little +名词”= 虽少但所有的…；所仅有的…
(1) I gave him what money I had in my pocket.
我把我口袋里所有的钱都给了他。
(2) I will lend you what books I have in my possession.
我会把我所仅有的书借给你。
(3) I gave him what little water I had in my thermos.
我把我水壶里仅有的水给了他。
(4) I donated what few coats I had to the people in the flood-stricken areas.
我将我仅有的几件外衣捐献给了洪水灾区的人们。
33. “not so much as…”= “without / not even” 甚至都没有…
(1) She is a film star, but she cannot so much as write her own name. 她是一位电影名星，然而她甚至连自己的姓名都不会写。
(2) The window is so narrow that one can not so much as get one’s head in. 这个窗户窄得连头都伸不进去。