高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习
一、高考英语改错题的题型特点：
高考英语改错题一改传统的单句改错，代之以篇章为单位的短文改错。这不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力，而且迫使考生摆脱孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。
高考英语改错题为一篇短文，十道小题。错误类型的分布情况比较稳定。在十道小题当中，一般需改动5-6处，添加和删除共3-4处，不需改动即正确的为1处。高考英语改错题的另一显著特点是每小题只需改动或增删一词或一处(正确的小题除外) 。
二、正确的解题方法
因为高考英语改错题是以篇章为单位的短文改错，这就要求考生有整体观念。因此，考生应先从头到尾通读全文，在正确理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔细推敲需要改正或添删的内容。找出错误并改正后，还需要再通读全文，从整体上来检查被改正后的短文意思是否通顺，逻辑概念是否严密合理，结构是否正确。
三、错误类型
笔者对1996年以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(为了既节省篇幅，又方便读者查阅原题，本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例，并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题，如(1996.86)意为该例句出自1996年高考英语改错题的第86小题。另外，例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。)
1、动词时态
从过去6年的高考英语改错题来看，每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
(1)They offered me coffee and other drinks.We have a (2)Dear Bob，
Hello.I learn about you from my English teacher Miss (3)My favorite sport is football.I was a member of our (4)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a (5)I remembered her words and calm down. (6)They did not want me to do any work at home；they want
me to devote all my time to my studies so that... (7)The time passes quickly.Evening came. 2、名词单复数
单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
(1)They were eager to know everything about China and (2)We study quite a few subject，such as
maths ，Chinese ， (3)We practise three times every week and often watch (4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me
success ， (5)...；they want me to devote all my time to my studies
so that I'll get good marks in (6)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the 3、句子结构
句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1) 句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2) 单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3) 复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
(1)They∧eager to know everything about China and asked
me lots of questions.(形容词不能单独作谓语(2)I'd like to∧your penfriend，and get to know more ("I'd like to..."中的"to" 为动词不定式的标志词，其后必须加动词原型)
(3)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China. (关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词)
(4)What∧your favourite sport？ ("主系表" 结构中缺少连系动词)
(5)I look forward to hear from you soon. (此句中"to" 为介词，其后必须加名词，代词或动名词等相当于名词的词)
(6)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and (动词不能作主语)
(7)Also，the sport teaches us the important of
obedience(服从 (形容词"important" 不能作动词"teaches" 的直接宾语)
(8)I was often a little tired after a day's work and
watch TV demands very little effort. (同(6)，动词不能作主语)
(9)Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family. (作为全句的状语，应该用"Unfortunate" 的副词形式)
(10)...but it didn't matter that I would win or not. (由一般疑问句演变而来的主语从句，应由whether 引导)
(11)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all
they can∧make sure that I get a good education. (此句中"all they can"为"all that they can do"的省略形式，"to make
sure that..."为动词不定式短语作目的状语)
(12)...，but we do not seem to get much time to talk (介词"about" 后无宾语，此介词多余)
(13)It was about noon∧we arrived at the foot of the (复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)
4、赘述
高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词)
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to an (2)In fact，they are planning to visit China in next (3)First，let me tell you something more about myself. (4)We practise for three times every week and often (5)Now I can't watch much television，but a few years ago (6)Whenever I see them I will often think of my English (7)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)
所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能冗缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway (2)I use to play ping -pong a lot in my sparetime，but...
(3)Some wanted to see the programme while others (4)...but the others spent a lot∧time arguing and ... (5)When I was on the stage the next day，I felt so (6)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in 注：a 为需删去的词)(2000.81)
(7)Like most of my schoolmates，I have neither brothers
nor sisters-in any other words，I am an only child.
any(any需为删去的词)(2001.77)
6、冠词
英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1) 不定冠词a 和an 互改；2) 不定冠词a 或an 和定冠词the 互改；3) 根据需要增删冠词。
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to a
American family. an(1996.87)
(2)Each player must obey∧captain ，who is the leader of
the team. the(1998.94)
(3)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in
the crowd. a(注：a 为需删去的词)(2000.81)
(4)We may be one family and live under a same
roof ，but... the(2001.82)
(5)As everyone knows，it's ∧famous mountain with all kinds
of plants and animals. a(2002.76)
7、代词
代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。
(1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
their(1996.90)
(2)And they must not break the rules too often if we
want to win the game. we(1998.95)
(3)Now someone at home reads instead.
everyone/everybody(1999.95)
(4)The day before the speech contest∧English teacher
talked to me. my(2000.76)
(5)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the
mountain.The three of them were very excited. 8、连词及与并置问题
连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答与连词及其相关问题的高考英语改错题的关键所在。
(1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the station
and drove me to their home. drive(1996.89)
(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and
strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team
spirit. gives(1998.90)
(3)She was smiling but nodding at me. and(2000.82)
(4)I remembered her words and clam down.
calmed(2000.83)
(5)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a
guest. or(2001.84)
(6)The food was expensive and the service was good.
but(2002.80)
(7)As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting
temples and told stories. visited(2002.83)
9、易混淆的词或词组
易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。
(1)...but now I am interesting in football.
interested(1997.93)
(2)We must keep in mind that we play for the team
instead ∧ourselves. of(1998.92)
(3)Now I can't watch television，but a few years ago I
was used to watch it every night.
was(注：was 为需删去的词)(1999.87)
(4)Unfortunately，there are too many people among my
family. in(1999.90)
(5)They did not want me to do any work at family；they
want me to... home(2001.80)
(6)Do they really understand their daughter？What things
are in other homes，I wonder. How(2001.85)
(7)Evening came down. down(注：down 为需删去的词)(2002.83)
以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学，但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢。
高考改错口诀
（一） 见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语
见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢
见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称
见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理
小小of 常抓的点，of 前名词adj 最高级
（二） 谓与非谓经常混, 谓语句中就一个
其余动词非谓语, 常见形式有三种
ving ved 和to do, 主宾通常ving
现在分词表主动, 过去分词表被动
目的要用不定式, 改错要想拿高分
语法口诀要记牢
（三） 规则是说谎 lie lied lied
不规则是躺 lie lay lain
躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid
下蛋不规则
高考英语短文改错题虽然所占分数不多, 但是英语短文改错题好得分也最容易失分, 我们为考生总结几个短文改错的小技巧, 希望对考生有所帮助。
高考英语短文改错题具有“高起点、低落点”的特点, 对的语言感觉和语言能力要求较高, 但改正的错误往往比较简单。很多学生做不好改错题不是因为没有掌握这些语法知识, 而是不能通过语感找出错误。所以培养学生有意识地去注意一些高考短文改错的常考点非常重要。
一、查时态是否一致
时态错误几乎是每年NMET 短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。例 如: Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93) is 应改为was, 使之与时间状语in the past一致。
二、查主谓是否一致
在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时, 还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。例如:
1.Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (NMET' 94)cost应改为costs, 因 其主语是it(为形式主语), 且上下文均为一般现在时。
2.The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class…(NMET'93)由or 连接的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数形式, 故become 应改为becomes 。
主谓语一致的情况较为复杂, 考生平时要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视, 如倒装句、关系代词在定语从句中做主语的情况等, 答题时要高度重视。
三、查指代是否一致
对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用, 注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致, 包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。例如:
1.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe…(NMET'92)根据上下文 , 句中的They 属指代不一致, 应改为We 。
2.The game speaks for themselves. ( MET'90) 句中的反身代词themselves 应改为单数itself, 因为指代的是单数主语the game。
四、查平行结构是否平行一致
由and,or,but,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also…,as well as等并列连词和词 组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行, 这也是常设的错误。例 如:
Modern people know…,have better food,and to live in cleaner surroundings.(NMET'93)应将 to live 前的to 删掉, 因为and 连接的是know,have,live 三个并列平行的谓语动词, 其时态和形式必须一致。
五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致
名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数, 与其修饰语是否一致。例如:
1.…They have been to Europe many time. (NMET'92)time(次) 显然与修饰语many 不一致, 应改为times 。
2.(They) … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96)question 是可数名词, 其修饰词是lots of,当然应该用复数questions 。
六、查行文逻辑是否一致
查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发, 通篇考虑, 以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词(如come 与go,take 与bring) 的误用所造成的, 应多从这方面去查找。 例如:
1.Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.(NM ET'93)根据行文逻辑, 这里不应该由since 来引导原因状语从句, 而应该是when/whenever或if 来引导时间或 条件状语从句。
2.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (NMET'91)根据行文逻辑, 表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but 。
总之, 短文改错要注意联系上下文和时态的变化, 做题时应以句子为单位, 同时兼顾改错的原则。这个原则就是不能改变原意, 不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词, 去 掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样, 增加的词也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定语从句中的先行词或介词。短文改错中名词的错误多是可数名词和不可 数名词的混用; 形容词的错误一般是比较级和最高级的混用; 副词的错误一般来说是该用副词的地方用成了形容词。
做好短文改错题, 可以从以下三方面去考虑:
1. 快速阅读短文, 如抓住中心思想, 从整体上对短文有个了解。不了解全文, 很难判断如时态和代词的相关错误。
2. 充分运用语言的基础知识, 从句型结构、词的变化、词类选择、词的搭配、习惯用法出发, 进行分析判断, 尽快找出错误在何处。
3. 重视整体和语境, 从上下文关系中找出表达连接关系或逻辑关系的词或词组, 判断是递进关系还是转折关系, 是因果关系还是让步关系。
高考中英语改错题有1:1:2:6的规律, 即正确一行, 缺词一行, 多词一二行, 错词六行。答题时请从以下几点着眼:
1. 句中的时态、主谓、代词一致吗?
2. 句中的谓语完整吗?
3. 习惯用法固定搭配正确吗?
4. 冠词、形容词、副词及关系词得当吗?
5. 该用被动语态吗?
6. 从句的连接词对了吗?
7. 从句中的谓语完整吗?
高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习
一、高考英语改错题的题型特点：
高考英语改错题一改传统的单句改错，代之以篇章为单位的短文改错。这不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力，而且迫使考生摆脱孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。
高考英语改错题为一篇短文，十道小题。错误类型的分布情况比较稳定。在十道小题当中，一般需改动5-6处，添加和删除共3-4处，不需改动即正确的为1处。高考英语改错题的另一显著特点是每小题只需改动或增删一词或一处(正确的小题除外) 。
二、正确的解题方法
因为高考英语改错题是以篇章为单位的短文改错，这就要求考生有整体观念。因此，考生应先从头到尾通读全文，在正确理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔细推敲需要改正或添删的内容。找出错误并改正后，还需要再通读全文，从整体上来检查被改正后的短文意思是否通顺，逻辑概念是否严密合理，结构是否正确。
三、错误类型
笔者对1996年以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(为了既节省篇幅，又方便读者查阅原题，本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例，并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题，如(1996.86)意为该例句出自1996年高考英语改错题的第86小题。另外，例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。)
1、动词时态
从过去6年的高考英语改错题来看，每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
(1)They offered me coffee and other drinks.We have a (2)Dear Bob，
Hello.I learn about you from my English teacher Miss (3)My favorite sport is football.I was a member of our (4)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a (5)I remembered her words and calm down. (6)They did not want me to do any work at home；they want
me to devote all my time to my studies so that... (7)The time passes quickly.Evening came. 2、名词单复数
单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
(1)They were eager to know everything about China and (2)We study quite a few subject，such as
maths ，Chinese ， (3)We practise three times every week and often watch (4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me
success ， (5)...；they want me to devote all my time to my studies
so that I'll get good marks in (6)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the 3、句子结构
句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1) 句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2) 单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3) 复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
(1)They∧eager to know everything about China and asked
me lots of questions.(形容词不能单独作谓语(2)I'd like to∧your penfriend，and get to know more ("I'd like to..."中的"to" 为动词不定式的标志词，其后必须加动词原型)
(3)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China. (关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词)
(4)What∧your favourite sport？ ("主系表" 结构中缺少连系动词)
(5)I look forward to hear from you soon. (此句中"to" 为介词，其后必须加名词，代词或动名词等相当于名词的词)
(6)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and (动词不能作主语)
(7)Also，the sport teaches us the important of
obedience(服从 (形容词"important" 不能作动词"teaches" 的直接宾语)
(8)I was often a little tired after a day's work and
watch TV demands very little effort. (同(6)，动词不能作主语)
(9)Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family. (作为全句的状语，应该用"Unfortunate" 的副词形式)
(10)...but it didn't matter that I would win or not. (由一般疑问句演变而来的主语从句，应由whether 引导)
(11)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all
they can∧make sure that I get a good education. (此句中"all they can"为"all that they can do"的省略形式，"to make
sure that..."为动词不定式短语作目的状语)
(12)...，but we do not seem to get much time to talk (介词"about" 后无宾语，此介词多余)
(13)It was about noon∧we arrived at the foot of the (复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)
4、赘述
高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词)
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to an (2)In fact，they are planning to visit China in next (3)First，let me tell you something more about myself. (4)We practise for three times every week and often (5)Now I can't watch much television，but a few years ago (6)Whenever I see them I will often think of my English (7)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)
所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能冗缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway (2)I use to play ping -pong a lot in my sparetime，but...
(3)Some wanted to see the programme while others (4)...but the others spent a lot∧time arguing and ... (5)When I was on the stage the next day，I felt so (6)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in 注：a 为需删去的词)(2000.81)
(7)Like most of my schoolmates，I have neither brothers
nor sisters-in any other words，I am an only child.
any(any需为删去的词)(2001.77)
6、冠词
英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1) 不定冠词a 和an 互改；2) 不定冠词a 或an 和定冠词the 互改；3) 根据需要增删冠词。
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to a
American family. an(1996.87)
(2)Each player must obey∧captain ，who is the leader of
the team. the(1998.94)
(3)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in
the crowd. a(注：a 为需删去的词)(2000.81)
(4)We may be one family and live under a same
roof ，but... the(2001.82)
(5)As everyone knows，it's ∧famous mountain with all kinds
of plants and animals. a(2002.76)
7、代词
代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。
(1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
their(1996.90)
(2)And they must not break the rules too often if we
want to win the game. we(1998.95)
(3)Now someone at home reads instead.
everyone/everybody(1999.95)
(4)The day before the speech contest∧English teacher
talked to me. my(2000.76)
(5)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the
mountain.The three of them were very excited. 8、连词及与并置问题
连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答与连词及其相关问题的高考英语改错题的关键所在。
(1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the station
and drove me to their home. drive(1996.89)
(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and
strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team
spirit. gives(1998.90)
(3)She was smiling but nodding at me. and(2000.82)
(4)I remembered her words and clam down.
calmed(2000.83)
(5)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a
guest. or(2001.84)
(6)The food was expensive and the service was good.
but(2002.80)
(7)As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting
temples and told stories. visited(2002.83)
9、易混淆的词或词组
易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。
(1)...but now I am interesting in football.
interested(1997.93)
(2)We must keep in mind that we play for the team
instead ∧ourselves. of(1998.92)
(3)Now I can't watch television，but a few years ago I
was used to watch it every night.
was(注：was 为需删去的词)(1999.87)
(4)Unfortunately，there are too many people among my
family. in(1999.90)
(5)They did not want me to do any work at family；they
want me to... home(2001.80)
(6)Do they really understand their daughter？What things
are in other homes，I wonder. How(2001.85)
(7)Evening came down. down(注：down 为需删去的词)(2002.83)
以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学，但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢。
高考改错口诀
（一） 见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语
见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢
见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称
见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理
小小of 常抓的点，of 前名词adj 最高级
（二） 谓与非谓经常混, 谓语句中就一个
其余动词非谓语, 常见形式有三种
ving ved 和to do, 主宾通常ving
现在分词表主动, 过去分词表被动
目的要用不定式, 改错要想拿高分
语法口诀要记牢
（三） 规则是说谎 lie lied lied
不规则是躺 lie lay lain
躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid
下蛋不规则
高考英语短文改错题虽然所占分数不多, 但是英语短文改错题好得分也最容易失分, 我们为考生总结几个短文改错的小技巧, 希望对考生有所帮助。
高考英语短文改错题具有“高起点、低落点”的特点, 对的语言感觉和语言能力要求较高, 但改正的错误往往比较简单。很多学生做不好改错题不是因为没有掌握这些语法知识, 而是不能通过语感找出错误。所以培养学生有意识地去注意一些高考短文改错的常考点非常重要。
一、查时态是否一致
时态错误几乎是每年NMET 短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。例 如: Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93) is 应改为was, 使之与时间状语in the past一致。
二、查主谓是否一致
在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时, 还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。例如:
1.Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (NMET' 94)cost应改为costs, 因 其主语是it(为形式主语), 且上下文均为一般现在时。
2.The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class…(NMET'93)由or 连接的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数形式, 故become 应改为becomes 。
主谓语一致的情况较为复杂, 考生平时要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视, 如倒装句、关系代词在定语从句中做主语的情况等, 答题时要高度重视。
三、查指代是否一致
对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用, 注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致, 包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。例如:
1.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe…(NMET'92)根据上下文 , 句中的They 属指代不一致, 应改为We 。
2.The game speaks for themselves. ( MET'90) 句中的反身代词themselves 应改为单数itself, 因为指代的是单数主语the game。
四、查平行结构是否平行一致
由and,or,but,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also…,as well as等并列连词和词 组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行, 这也是常设的错误。例 如:
Modern people know…,have better food,and to live in cleaner surroundings.(NMET'93)应将 to live 前的to 删掉, 因为and 连接的是know,have,live 三个并列平行的谓语动词, 其时态和形式必须一致。
五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致
名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数, 与其修饰语是否一致。例如:
1.…They have been to Europe many time. (NMET'92)time(次) 显然与修饰语many 不一致, 应改为times 。
2.(They) … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96)question 是可数名词, 其修饰词是lots of,当然应该用复数questions 。
六、查行文逻辑是否一致
查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发, 通篇考虑, 以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词(如come 与go,take 与bring) 的误用所造成的, 应多从这方面去查找。 例如:
1.Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.(NM ET'93)根据行文逻辑, 这里不应该由since 来引导原因状语从句, 而应该是when/whenever或if 来引导时间或 条件状语从句。
2.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (NMET'91)根据行文逻辑, 表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but 。
总之, 短文改错要注意联系上下文和时态的变化, 做题时应以句子为单位, 同时兼顾改错的原则。这个原则就是不能改变原意, 不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词, 去 掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样, 增加的词也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定语从句中的先行词或介词。短文改错中名词的错误多是可数名词和不可 数名词的混用; 形容词的错误一般是比较级和最高级的混用; 副词的错误一般来说是该用副词的地方用成了形容词。
做好短文改错题, 可以从以下三方面去考虑:
1. 快速阅读短文, 如抓住中心思想, 从整体上对短文有个了解。不了解全文, 很难判断如时态和代词的相关错误。
2. 充分运用语言的基础知识, 从句型结构、词的变化、词类选择、词的搭配、习惯用法出发, 进行分析判断, 尽快找出错误在何处。
3. 重视整体和语境, 从上下文关系中找出表达连接关系或逻辑关系的词或词组, 判断是递进关系还是转折关系, 是因果关系还是让步关系。
高考中英语改错题有1:1:2:6的规律, 即正确一行, 缺词一行, 多词一二行, 错词六行。答题时请从以下几点着眼:
1. 句中的时态、主谓、代词一致吗?
2. 句中的谓语完整吗?
3. 习惯用法固定搭配正确吗?
4. 冠词、形容词、副词及关系词得当吗?
5. 该用被动语态吗?
6. 从句的连接词对了吗?
7. 从句中的谓语完整吗?