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语法讲座：语法讲座：不定式
一、不定式的形式
1．不定式的时态与语态 不定式的时态与语态一共有六种形式，现以动词do为例，列表如下：
to do to be done
to be doing to have been doing
A)不定式的一般式to do
to do所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之后，但也可以是在谓语动词之前或与谓语动词几乎同时发生。
B)不定式的完成式to have done
to have done所表示的动作都发生在谓语动词之前。
C)不定式的进行式to be doing
to be doing所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。
D)不定式的完成进行式to have been doing
to have been doing所表示的动作，是从谓语动词之前某一个时间开始，进行到谓语动词所表示的时间。
E)不定式的一般被动式to be done
to be done所表示的动作是被动的意义，多为发生在谓语动词之后，但有时也可以是在谓语动词之前或几乎与谓语动词同时发生。
注：有的时候，不定式所表示的动作虽然有被动意义，但我们不用被动形式，仍然用主动形式。这种现象主要在以下几种情况下出现：
a)在一些形容词如easy, difficult, hard, nice, interesting, important, pleasant, dangerous, heavy, light, fit之后。
这类的句子都可以用以it开头的句子来改写。如：It b)这个不定式与最近的一个名词或代词的关系是被动，但是在前面我们可以找到这个动作的执行者。
eg. a lot of work Will you please give some books 试分析： c)在there be句型中的不定式，如果是被动的意义，我们可以用被动式，也可以用主动式。 上海优盟教育中心 版权所有 严禁复制 电话021-50396388 1
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F)不定式的完成被动式to have been done
to have been done所表示的动作是被动意义，发生在谓语动词之前。
2．不定式的否定形式
不定式的否定形式就是把not加在to之前。
3．不定式的逻辑主语
不定式的逻辑主语可以用for sb放在不定式之前。
二、不定式的功能
1．作主语
不定式作主语时一般都看成单数。
不定式作主语可以用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在后面。
在作主语的不定式的前面还可以加上疑问词，如what to do, when to do, where to do,以及whether to do等。（注意：没有if to do的说法！）
注：不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别我们已经在学习动名词时讨论过了，此处不再重复。
2．作表语
“wh- + to do”的形式也能作表语。
注：不定式作表语与动名词作表语的区别我们已经在学习动名词时讨论过了，此处也不再重复。
3．作宾语
“wh- +to do”的形式也能作宾语。
如果在不定式宾语的后面还有宾语补足语的话，可以用it作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放到后面。
4．作宾语补足语
注：在一些感觉动词与使役动词后面的不定式宾语补足语要省略“to”，这些动词是see, look at, 上海优盟教育中心 版权所有 严禁复制 电话021-50396388 2
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notice, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel; make, have, let等。help后的宾补的to可以省略，也可以保留。
但如果这个动词是被动语态，那么“to”就不省略。
注：不定式与分词都能用作宾语补足语，如果是主动的则现在分词与不定式都可以用，但分词强调动作在进行当中，而不定式则可能动作已经完成，强调整个过程，或是带有将来的意义。如果宾语与宾补的关系是被动的，那么就选用过去分词，偶尔也可看到用being done。
试比较：I heard the telephone ringing in the office.
5．作定语
不定式作定语，放在被修饰词之后。
注：不定式作定语，经常用在something, anything, nothing与序数词之后。并要特别注意不定式定语时，有时与被修饰词之间所用的介词不能忘记。
.
. 试比较：
6．作状语
不定式经常用作目的、原因和结果状语。
与分词作状语一样，不定式作状语时，也要注意它的逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致。 试分析：To learn the language well, ______.
A. more exercise should be done B. it’s necessary to read a lot
C. learning some grammar is helpful D. one must practise a lot.
应该选D。
但也有一些不定式可以看作一个固定词组，作整个句子的状语，如to tell the truth, to be frank with you, to begin with等。
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三、不定式的省略
1．省略to。
A)在用and, or等连接的两个并列的不定式，第二个不定式前的to可以省略。
在rather than后的不定式一般都要省略to。
B)在but, except之后，有时要省略。
比较： C)在make, have, let, see, hear, notice等词或词组之后的不定式宾补，要省略to。
2．省略to后面的行为动词或词组，但保留to。
eg. “Would you like to see a movie with me?” 或
高考真题：
01年29题
Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything.
A. to tell . to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
选D。本句考不定式的时态语态表达。后面一句的意思应该是“别人似乎已经告诉她这一切了”。不定式所表示的“告诉”是被动，而且发生在以前，所以要用它的完成被动形式。
02年25题
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ____ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
选A。本题考非谓语动词的用法。在英语中有的动词后面用不定式作宾语，有的用动名词作宾语。动词strive后面只能用不定式，意思是“努力去做某事”，因此也不可能用不定式的完成形式，因为不定式的完成形式表示的是一个发生在谓语动词之前的动作。
02年30题
Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ____ if a mirror was broken.
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
选D。本题主要考词组be sure to do与be sure of的区别。be sure to do的意思是“一定会......”，表示说话人的一种猜测。而be sure of的意思是“确信”，表示句中主语对某事非常有把握。根据题意“相当多的人过去常认为，如果镜子打碎了，那么灾难一定会降临”，要表示的是说话人的猜测，所以应该用D。
03年43题
An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
选A。本题考非谓语动词作宾语补足语。根据order一词的用法，惯用搭配是order sb to do sth.，所以要用不定式做宾补。
04年33题
The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
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A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
选C。本题考非谓语动词作补语。在动词believe后，应该用不定式作，所以A、B两项都不行。此外，根据下文中的by ...，可以看出此处要表示的是被动意思，所以只能选用C。
05年35题
It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
选C。本题考非谓语动词作状语。根据上下文，可以看出，这是一个目的状语所以应该选不定式。整句的意思是：简直不能相信，那些追星族在体育馆外等了三小时，就是为了看一眼那些体育明星。
06年33.题
Energy drinks are not allowed ____ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. be to making
选B。本题考不定式的时态和语态。因为动词allow的习惯用法是allow ... to do ...，而energy drinks与make又是被动关系，所以选B。
06年36题
The mother felt herself ____ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.
A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown
选A。在动词feel之后的宾语补足语可以用不定式或者分词，如用不定式时要省略to。因为grow cold与herself的关系是主动的，所以不能用过去分词，所以只有A项符合题意。
07年35题
There is nothing more I can try ____ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
选D。其实本题考的是非谓语动词作定语，所修饰的词是不定代词nothing。因为一般习惯用不定式修饰不定代词，所以只有D项正确。
1. As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved ____ and soon he became world famous.
A. to be corrected B. to correct
C. to be correct D. to have been corrected
2. Mary told Little Tim not ____ all the money.
A. spend B. spent C. spending D. to spend
3. ____ the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured D. To have ensured
4. As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone ____ you the way.
A. to show B. show C. showing D. shown
5. He used to ____ his teaching when he was young.
A. devote to B. be devoted to C. devoting to D. being devoted to
6. The waiter was made ____ to the guest.
A. apologize B. apologizing C. to apologize D. to be apologizing th 7. Children at the beginning of the 20 century ____ a lot and ____ themselves even without
television. A. used to read; enjoying B. used to read; enjoyed
C. were used to reading; enjoy D. were used to read; enjoying
8. Sandy could do nothing but ____ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
9. In order to improve English, ____.
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
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C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by her father
10. The pressure ____ causes graduating students to be energetic, but it also puts them under a
constant emotional strain.
A. to compete B. competing C. to be competed D. having competed
11. Everyone hopes that we can do something to make things better, so we can’t help ____ under the
stress.
A. but working B. but to work C. work D. but work
12. Would you please ____ spoil your child? He has destroyed all the greens in our garden.
A. not B. not to C. to not D. don’t
13. I would like to be invited to the party, but I didn’t ____.
A. expect B. expect to C. expect to be D. expect to be so
14. I’m glad ____ a chance to visit your country, which has really given me a wonderful impression.
A. to give B. to have given C. to be given D. to have been given
15. Everybody says this is too good a chance ____.
A. for being lost B. to be lost C. for being missed D. to be missing
16. Would you be so kind ____ me a favour?
A. to do B. of doing C. for doing D. as to do
17. ____ the task ahead of time, we need more experts.
A. Fulfilling B. Having fulfilled C. To fulfill D. To be fulfilled
18. Have you ever responded to someone’s question about the weather by saying it was warm, only
____ out the person thought it was cold?
A. finding B. found C. to find D. to have found
19. In 1938 Pearl Buck became the first American woman ____ the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A. to receive B. to be receiving C. receiving D. received
20. Every minute is made good ____ of ____ for the coming national examinations.
A. use; prepare B. use; to prepare C. used; to prepare D. used; preparing
21. He gave up his job and moved abroad, never ____ from.
A. hearing B. being heard C. to hear D. to be heard
22. Can you arrange for a new experiment ____?
A. to be done B. to do C. being done D. done
23. To get well, ____.
A. we are going to give the patient a chemical treatment
B. the doctors suggest a chemical treatment
C. a chemical treatment is necessary D. the patient needs a chemical treatment
24. His suit has become loose. He seems ____ some weight.
A. to lose B. being lost C. losing D. to have lost
25. What way are you thinking of ____ rid of the flies?
A. getting B. to get C. being got D. to be getting
26. If she had remembered ____ the door, the thief would not have got in.
A. to lock B. locking C. to have locked D. having locked
27. “Where ____ this weekend?” “Why not ____ to the forest park?”
A. to go; go B. going; to go C. go; going D. to go; going
28. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____ it more difficulty.
A. not making B. not make C. not to make D. nor to make
29. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ____?
A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
30. The Entrance Exams, which ____ in July, have now been moved to June.
A. were used to taking B. used to take
C. used to be taken D. were used to being taken
31.The pilot felt something ____ wrong with the engine soon after the plane took off.
A. go B. goes C. gone D. to go
32. Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed ____ off the mountain.
A. to have been blown B. to blow C. to be blown D. to have blown
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33. He can’t help ____ the bike because he is busy doing his homework.
A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired
34. It’s necessary for us ____ of our own mistakes.
A. being reminded B. to be reminded C. reminding D. to remind
35. All the students expected there ____ more revision before the final exams.
A. be B. to be C. being D. having been
36. The last man ____ the sinking ship was the captain.
A. left B. to leave C. to be leaving D. leaves
37. Go on ____ the other exercises after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. with doing C. to be doing D. doing
38. The child pretended ____ to what his mother was saying.
A. to be not listening B. not listening C. not being listening D. not to be listening
39. I had intended ____ to the party, but I had a very important meeting to attend.
A. to come B. to have come C. coming D. having come
40.When the sailor came into the cafe, I noticed a ____ look ____ over the waitress’ face although she
didn’t say anything.
A. surprising; to come B. surprised; to come C. surprise; come D. surprised; come
41. Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now?
A. written B. writing C. write D. to write
42. Emily had the store ____ the package directly to her house last Saturday.
A. deliver B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
43. I had meant ____ you about it, but I forgot ____ so.
A. telling; doing B. telling; to do C. to tell; doing D. to tell; to do
44. ____ the goal, China plans ____ promising young scientists with more key national programs.
A. For achieving; to provide B. For achieving; providing
C. To achieve; to provide D. To achieve; providing
45. The labels on the bottle of medicine should be easy ____.
A. to read B. for reading C. to be read D. read
46. Can you find me something ____?
A. to open the tin B. that I can open the tin
C. to open the tin with D. with that to open the tin
47. Last summer I took a course on ____.
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
48. Tom kept quiet about the accident ____ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
49. She searched the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
50. “The light in the office is still on.” “Oh, I forgot ____.”
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
51. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
52.Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
53. Rather than ____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
54.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
55. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
56. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
57. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
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A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
58. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
59. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
60. ____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
61. The little time we have together we try ____ wisely.
A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that
62. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ____.
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
63. “Does your brother intend to study German?” “Yes, he intends ____.”
A. to do B. to C. so D. that
64. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule ____.
A. to never break B. never to be broken
C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking
65. He claimed ____ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
A. being badly treated B. treating badly
C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated
66. A computer does only what thinking people ____.
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
67. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?”
“____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”
A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
68. There are five pairs ____, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
69. They’re not very good, but we like ____.
A. anyway to play basketball with them B. to play basketball with them anyway
C. to play with them basketball anywhere D. with them to play basketball anyway
70. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and ____ new policies according to WTO
requirements.
A. forming B. to form C. to be forming D. have formed
(CDABB CBABA DACDB DCCAB DADDB AACBC AAABB BADAD CADCA
CABCC ACCAC BBABA CCBBD ACBBB)
课后练习：课后练习：
1. They knew her very well.They had seen her ______ up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was going D.to grow
2. —I usually go there by train.
—Why not ______ by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
3.Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
4.She pretended ______ me when I passed by.
A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen
5.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone
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语法讲座：语法讲座：不定式
一、不定式的形式
1．不定式的时态与语态 不定式的时态与语态一共有六种形式，现以动词do为例，列表如下：
to do to be done
to be doing to have been doing
A)不定式的一般式to do
to do所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之后，但也可以是在谓语动词之前或与谓语动词几乎同时发生。
B)不定式的完成式to have done
to have done所表示的动作都发生在谓语动词之前。
C)不定式的进行式to be doing
to be doing所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。
D)不定式的完成进行式to have been doing
to have been doing所表示的动作，是从谓语动词之前某一个时间开始，进行到谓语动词所表示的时间。
E)不定式的一般被动式to be done
to be done所表示的动作是被动的意义，多为发生在谓语动词之后，但有时也可以是在谓语动词之前或几乎与谓语动词同时发生。
注：有的时候，不定式所表示的动作虽然有被动意义，但我们不用被动形式，仍然用主动形式。这种现象主要在以下几种情况下出现：
a)在一些形容词如easy, difficult, hard, nice, interesting, important, pleasant, dangerous, heavy, light, fit之后。
这类的句子都可以用以it开头的句子来改写。如：It b)这个不定式与最近的一个名词或代词的关系是被动，但是在前面我们可以找到这个动作的执行者。
eg. a lot of work Will you please give some books 试分析： c)在there be句型中的不定式，如果是被动的意义，我们可以用被动式，也可以用主动式。 上海优盟教育中心 版权所有 严禁复制 电话021-50396388 1
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F)不定式的完成被动式to have been done
to have been done所表示的动作是被动意义，发生在谓语动词之前。
2．不定式的否定形式
不定式的否定形式就是把not加在to之前。
3．不定式的逻辑主语
不定式的逻辑主语可以用for sb放在不定式之前。
二、不定式的功能
1．作主语
不定式作主语时一般都看成单数。
不定式作主语可以用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在后面。
在作主语的不定式的前面还可以加上疑问词，如what to do, when to do, where to do,以及whether to do等。（注意：没有if to do的说法！）
注：不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别我们已经在学习动名词时讨论过了，此处不再重复。
2．作表语
“wh- + to do”的形式也能作表语。
注：不定式作表语与动名词作表语的区别我们已经在学习动名词时讨论过了，此处也不再重复。
3．作宾语
“wh- +to do”的形式也能作宾语。
如果在不定式宾语的后面还有宾语补足语的话，可以用it作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放到后面。
4．作宾语补足语
注：在一些感觉动词与使役动词后面的不定式宾语补足语要省略“to”，这些动词是see, look at, 上海优盟教育中心 版权所有 严禁复制 电话021-50396388 2
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notice, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel; make, have, let等。help后的宾补的to可以省略，也可以保留。
但如果这个动词是被动语态，那么“to”就不省略。
注：不定式与分词都能用作宾语补足语，如果是主动的则现在分词与不定式都可以用，但分词强调动作在进行当中，而不定式则可能动作已经完成，强调整个过程，或是带有将来的意义。如果宾语与宾补的关系是被动的，那么就选用过去分词，偶尔也可看到用being done。
试比较：I heard the telephone ringing in the office.
5．作定语
不定式作定语，放在被修饰词之后。
注：不定式作定语，经常用在something, anything, nothing与序数词之后。并要特别注意不定式定语时，有时与被修饰词之间所用的介词不能忘记。
.
. 试比较：
6．作状语
不定式经常用作目的、原因和结果状语。
与分词作状语一样，不定式作状语时，也要注意它的逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致。 试分析：To learn the language well, ______.
A. more exercise should be done B. it’s necessary to read a lot
C. learning some grammar is helpful D. one must practise a lot.
应该选D。
但也有一些不定式可以看作一个固定词组，作整个句子的状语，如to tell the truth, to be frank with you, to begin with等。
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三、不定式的省略
1．省略to。
A)在用and, or等连接的两个并列的不定式，第二个不定式前的to可以省略。
在rather than后的不定式一般都要省略to。
B)在but, except之后，有时要省略。
比较： C)在make, have, let, see, hear, notice等词或词组之后的不定式宾补，要省略to。
2．省略to后面的行为动词或词组，但保留to。
eg. “Would you like to see a movie with me?” 或
高考真题：
01年29题
Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything.
A. to tell . to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
选D。本句考不定式的时态语态表达。后面一句的意思应该是“别人似乎已经告诉她这一切了”。不定式所表示的“告诉”是被动，而且发生在以前，所以要用它的完成被动形式。
02年25题
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ____ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
选A。本题考非谓语动词的用法。在英语中有的动词后面用不定式作宾语，有的用动名词作宾语。动词strive后面只能用不定式，意思是“努力去做某事”，因此也不可能用不定式的完成形式，因为不定式的完成形式表示的是一个发生在谓语动词之前的动作。
02年30题
Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ____ if a mirror was broken.
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
选D。本题主要考词组be sure to do与be sure of的区别。be sure to do的意思是“一定会......”，表示说话人的一种猜测。而be sure of的意思是“确信”，表示句中主语对某事非常有把握。根据题意“相当多的人过去常认为，如果镜子打碎了，那么灾难一定会降临”，要表示的是说话人的猜测，所以应该用D。
03年43题
An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
选A。本题考非谓语动词作宾语补足语。根据order一词的用法，惯用搭配是order sb to do sth.，所以要用不定式做宾补。
04年33题
The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
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A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
选C。本题考非谓语动词作补语。在动词believe后，应该用不定式作，所以A、B两项都不行。此外，根据下文中的by ...，可以看出此处要表示的是被动意思，所以只能选用C。
05年35题
It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
选C。本题考非谓语动词作状语。根据上下文，可以看出，这是一个目的状语所以应该选不定式。整句的意思是：简直不能相信，那些追星族在体育馆外等了三小时，就是为了看一眼那些体育明星。
06年33.题
Energy drinks are not allowed ____ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. be to making
选B。本题考不定式的时态和语态。因为动词allow的习惯用法是allow ... to do ...，而energy drinks与make又是被动关系，所以选B。
06年36题
The mother felt herself ____ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.
A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown
选A。在动词feel之后的宾语补足语可以用不定式或者分词，如用不定式时要省略to。因为grow cold与herself的关系是主动的，所以不能用过去分词，所以只有A项符合题意。
07年35题
There is nothing more I can try ____ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
选D。其实本题考的是非谓语动词作定语，所修饰的词是不定代词nothing。因为一般习惯用不定式修饰不定代词，所以只有D项正确。
1. As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved ____ and soon he became world famous.
A. to be corrected B. to correct
C. to be correct D. to have been corrected
2. Mary told Little Tim not ____ all the money.
A. spend B. spent C. spending D. to spend
3. ____ the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured D. To have ensured
4. As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone ____ you the way.
A. to show B. show C. showing D. shown
5. He used to ____ his teaching when he was young.
A. devote to B. be devoted to C. devoting to D. being devoted to
6. The waiter was made ____ to the guest.
A. apologize B. apologizing C. to apologize D. to be apologizing th 7. Children at the beginning of the 20 century ____ a lot and ____ themselves even without
television. A. used to read; enjoying B. used to read; enjoyed
C. were used to reading; enjoy D. were used to read; enjoying
8. Sandy could do nothing but ____ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
9. In order to improve English, ____.
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
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C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by her father
10. The pressure ____ causes graduating students to be energetic, but it also puts them under a
constant emotional strain.
A. to compete B. competing C. to be competed D. having competed
11. Everyone hopes that we can do something to make things better, so we can’t help ____ under the
stress.
A. but working B. but to work C. work D. but work
12. Would you please ____ spoil your child? He has destroyed all the greens in our garden.
A. not B. not to C. to not D. don’t
13. I would like to be invited to the party, but I didn’t ____.
A. expect B. expect to C. expect to be D. expect to be so
14. I’m glad ____ a chance to visit your country, which has really given me a wonderful impression.
A. to give B. to have given C. to be given D. to have been given
15. Everybody says this is too good a chance ____.
A. for being lost B. to be lost C. for being missed D. to be missing
16. Would you be so kind ____ me a favour?
A. to do B. of doing C. for doing D. as to do
17. ____ the task ahead of time, we need more experts.
A. Fulfilling B. Having fulfilled C. To fulfill D. To be fulfilled
18. Have you ever responded to someone’s question about the weather by saying it was warm, only
____ out the person thought it was cold?
A. finding B. found C. to find D. to have found
19. In 1938 Pearl Buck became the first American woman ____ the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A. to receive B. to be receiving C. receiving D. received
20. Every minute is made good ____ of ____ for the coming national examinations.
A. use; prepare B. use; to prepare C. used; to prepare D. used; preparing
21. He gave up his job and moved abroad, never ____ from.
A. hearing B. being heard C. to hear D. to be heard
22. Can you arrange for a new experiment ____?
A. to be done B. to do C. being done D. done
23. To get well, ____.
A. we are going to give the patient a chemical treatment
B. the doctors suggest a chemical treatment
C. a chemical treatment is necessary D. the patient needs a chemical treatment
24. His suit has become loose. He seems ____ some weight.
A. to lose B. being lost C. losing D. to have lost
25. What way are you thinking of ____ rid of the flies?
A. getting B. to get C. being got D. to be getting
26. If she had remembered ____ the door, the thief would not have got in.
A. to lock B. locking C. to have locked D. having locked
27. “Where ____ this weekend?” “Why not ____ to the forest park?”
A. to go; go B. going; to go C. go; going D. to go; going
28. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____ it more difficulty.
A. not making B. not make C. not to make D. nor to make
29. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ____?
A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
30. The Entrance Exams, which ____ in July, have now been moved to June.
A. were used to taking B. used to take
C. used to be taken D. were used to being taken
31.The pilot felt something ____ wrong with the engine soon after the plane took off.
A. go B. goes C. gone D. to go
32. Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed ____ off the mountain.
A. to have been blown B. to blow C. to be blown D. to have blown
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33. He can’t help ____ the bike because he is busy doing his homework.
A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired
34. It’s necessary for us ____ of our own mistakes.
A. being reminded B. to be reminded C. reminding D. to remind
35. All the students expected there ____ more revision before the final exams.
A. be B. to be C. being D. having been
36. The last man ____ the sinking ship was the captain.
A. left B. to leave C. to be leaving D. leaves
37. Go on ____ the other exercises after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. with doing C. to be doing D. doing
38. The child pretended ____ to what his mother was saying.
A. to be not listening B. not listening C. not being listening D. not to be listening
39. I had intended ____ to the party, but I had a very important meeting to attend.
A. to come B. to have come C. coming D. having come
40.When the sailor came into the cafe, I noticed a ____ look ____ over the waitress’ face although she
didn’t say anything.
A. surprising; to come B. surprised; to come C. surprise; come D. surprised; come
41. Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now?
A. written B. writing C. write D. to write
42. Emily had the store ____ the package directly to her house last Saturday.
A. deliver B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
43. I had meant ____ you about it, but I forgot ____ so.
A. telling; doing B. telling; to do C. to tell; doing D. to tell; to do
44. ____ the goal, China plans ____ promising young scientists with more key national programs.
A. For achieving; to provide B. For achieving; providing
C. To achieve; to provide D. To achieve; providing
45. The labels on the bottle of medicine should be easy ____.
A. to read B. for reading C. to be read D. read
46. Can you find me something ____?
A. to open the tin B. that I can open the tin
C. to open the tin with D. with that to open the tin
47. Last summer I took a course on ____.
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
48. Tom kept quiet about the accident ____ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
49. She searched the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
50. “The light in the office is still on.” “Oh, I forgot ____.”
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
51. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
52.Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
53. Rather than ____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
54.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
55. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
56. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
57. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
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A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
58. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
59. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
60. ____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
61. The little time we have together we try ____ wisely.
A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that
62. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ____.
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
63. “Does your brother intend to study German?” “Yes, he intends ____.”
A. to do B. to C. so D. that
64. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule ____.
A. to never break B. never to be broken
C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking
65. He claimed ____ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
A. being badly treated B. treating badly
C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated
66. A computer does only what thinking people ____.
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
67. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?”
“____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”
A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
68. There are five pairs ____, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
69. They’re not very good, but we like ____.
A. anyway to play basketball with them B. to play basketball with them anyway
C. to play with them basketball anywhere D. with them to play basketball anyway
70. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and ____ new policies according to WTO
requirements.
A. forming B. to form C. to be forming D. have formed
(CDABB CBABA DACDB DCCAB DADDB AACBC AAABB BADAD CADCA
CABCC ACCAC BBABA CCBBD ACBBB)
课后练习：课后练习：
1. They knew her very well.They had seen her ______ up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was going D.to grow
2. —I usually go there by train.
—Why not ______ by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
3.Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
4.She pretended ______ me when I passed by.
A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen
5.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone
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