英语翻译与写作试题
(2008-2009学年第一学期)
一、英译汉（下面共给出四篇短文，请任选两篇翻译成汉语，满分40分）
1. We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person ’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examination. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success or failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn ’t matter that you weren ’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can do his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination expects him to do. (193 words)
我们可能对每一个学科领域所取得的进步感到惊奇，但是测试一个人的知识和能力的方法却仍和原始最初的一样。确实令人吃惊，经过这么多年，教育家们还没有创立出一种比考试更有效、更可靠的方法。考试就是测验你知道什么，对于所有这些虔诚的说法，普遍认为往往适得其反。考试可能是一种测试记忆力的好方式，或者是让人在极端压力下快速工作的诀窍, 但是它却一点儿也不能说明一个人真正的能力和才智。
作为焦虑制造者，考试是首屈一指的。这是因为考试决定着很多事情。在我们的社会中，考试是成功或失败的标志。在事关命运的一天里你的整个前途就被决定下来了。无论你当时的心情很糟糕，或者你的母亲已去世，都不重要。像那样的小事都不能说明什么：考试依然进行。当身陷致命的恐惧中或经过一个失眠之夜后，没人能发挥出他的最佳水平，不过这正是考试制度所期望他这样做的。
2. Home
What makes a home? Love and sympathy and confidence. It is a place where kindly affections exist among all the members of the family. The parents take good care of their children, and the children are interested in the activities of their parents. Thus all of them are bound together by affection, and they found their home to be the cheeriest place in the world.
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul. Every civilized person is a social being. No one should live alone. A man may lead a successful and prosperous life, but prosperity alone can by no means insure happiness. Many great personages in the world history
had deep affections for their homes.
Your home may be poor and humble, but your duty lies there. You should try to make it cheerful and comfortable. The greater the difficulties, the richer will be your reward.
A home is more than a family dwelling. It is a school in which people are trained for citizenship. A man will not render good service to his country if he can do nothing good for his home. The home is the birthplace of true patriotism. It is the secret of social welfare and national greatness. It is the basis and origin of civilization. (218 words)
家
什么构成了一个家呢？爱、体谅和信心构成了一个家。家是家庭所有的成员彼此相亲相爱的地方。父母关心爱护孩子, 孩子也乐于参与他们父母的各种活动。因此, 他们都是被爱拴在一起的, 他们会发现他们的家是世界上最快乐的地方。
一个没有爱的家不能称其为一个家, 就像没有灵魂的躯体不能称之为人一样。每个人都是社会的一分子。没有哪一个人能够脱离社会独自生存。一个人可以过着一种成功而富裕的生活, 但是光有钱决不能确保过得幸福。世界历史上很多名人都对他们的家有着深厚的感情。
你的家也许是贫穷的, 并且家里的摆设也很简陋, 但是它是你的职责所在。你应该尽力使它充满快乐和舒适。困难越大, 你所获得的回报就会越多。
一个家的意义并不只是一处住所。它是一所学校, 人们在这里学会了很高的教养。一个人如果不能为他的家庭谋福利的话，那么他就也不会为国家做出贡献的。家是培养真正爱国精神的摇篮。它是社会安宁和国家伟大的秘密所在。它是文明的基础和起源。
3. Bruce Lee
Bruce Lee was born, according to the Chinese zodiac, during the Hour of the Dragon in the Year of the Dragon. His birth took place during an American tour of Hong Kong ’s Cantonese Opera Company, in which his father was a comic actor. Known in the family as Little Dragon, Lee was actually sickly and weak; he took up martial arts as a means of self-protection around his tough neighborhoods and soon became agile and versatile. A year later being named the Hong Kong Cha-Cha Champion at eighteen, he returned to the United States, where he studied philosophy and medicine.
On the side, Lee mastered every physical technique of fighting, becoming almost supernaturally good. Eventually he was most often either working out, thinking about it, or teaching others. On the street he practiced kicks on trees and pieces of litter. At the dinner table he chopped at the empty chair next to him; while watching TV he did very slow sit-ups, and even in his sleep he would kick and punch. At parties he did one-finger push-ups and would gladly remove his shirt to show off his “muscles on top of muscles”. He believed that concentration was 50 percent of a workout, and “Meditation and Mental Training” always topped his daily to-do list.
Deciding that film was the best way to dispel martial arts ’ reputation as glorified street fighting, Lee began making his own movies, with himself as the writer, star, director, and choreographer of the fights. In the United States, his movies included Fists of Fury(《精武们》) , Return of the Dragon（《猛龙过江》）, and finally Enter the Dragon（《龙争虎斗》）, considered one of the most commercially successful films ever made. Many assumed that the fight sequences used a stuntman or other tricks, but in fact Lee did his own stunts – and was forced to slow down his movements because they registered only as a blur on camera. The highest paid actor in the world, he inspired generations of Americans to take up martial arts. He had a mansion in Hong Kong surrounded by an eight-foot stone wall topped with broken glass and spikes; every room was kept locked to guard against theft by workmen.
(362 words)
4. On Doors
The opening and closing of doors are the most significant actions of man ’s life. What a mystery lies in doors!
There are many kinds of doors. Revolving doors for hotels, shops, and public buildings. These are typical of brisk, bustling ways of modern life. Can you imagine John Milton or William Penn skipping through a revolving door?
Then there are the curious little slatted doors that still swing outside denatured barrooms, and extend only from shoulder to knee. They are trapdoors, sliding doors, double doors, stage doors, prison doors, glass doors.
But the symbol and mystery of a door resides in its quality of concealment. A glass door is not a door at all, but a window. The meaning of a door is to hide what lies inside; to keep the heart in suspense.
Also, there are many ways of opening doors. There is the cheery push of elbow with which the waiter shoves open the kitchen door when he bears in your tray of supper. There is the suspicious and tentative withdrawal of a door before the unhappy book agent or peddler. There is the genteel and carefully modulated recession with which footmen swing wide the oaken barriers of the great. There is the sympathetic and awful silence of the dentist’s maid who opens the door into the operating room and, without speaking, implies that the doctor is ready for you. There is the brisk cataclysmic opening of a door when the nurse comes in, very early in the morning – “It ’s a boy!”
Doors are the symbol of privacy, of retreat, of the mind’s escape into blissful quietude or sad secret struggle. A room without doors is not a room, but a hallway. No matter where he is, a man can make himself at home behind a closed door. (300 words)
二、汉译英（下面共给出四段文字，请任选两段翻译成英语，满分30分）
1、电视给国人的娱乐习惯有很大影响，它造成了影剧院上座率的锐减。许多电影院和剧院不得不关门。许多其他户外娱乐业也无不受电视的冲击，因为人们大多觉得在自己舒适的家里可以得到娱乐，何必再出去呢？
2、某些出租车公司开办了英语夜校，聘请英语教师为驾驶员们教授基础英语。一位出租车司机说：“学好英语非常重要，不管我有多忙，我总是按时在晚上听英语课。这样，当奥运会在北京举行时，我就能用英语和乘客交流了。”
Certain taxi companies have started evening classes, inviting English teachers to instruct their drivers in basic English. One taxi driver said, "Learning English is very important, no matter how busy I am, I always attend the evening English classes on time, then I will be able to talk to foreign passengers when the Olympic Games is held in Beijing."
3、科学研究已经发现，白日梦是一种有效的放松手段。但是，它的积极作用还远不止此。试验表明，它对智力的发展、注意力的培养以及与人协作交流的能力都极具意义。
Scientific research has discovered, daydreaming is an effective relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and
communicate with others.
4、他在下班回家的路上遇到了大雨，胳膊下夹着一个公文包，开始向前跑，想去搭乘公共汽车。那辆汽车在他前头约有10米远，正在慢速开行。
三、写作（下面共提供两个题目，请任选一个, 字数不少于30分）
1. Shandong Normal University is the place where you live and study almost every day now. How does it impress you? What do you think of the teachers and students here? … Please write a composition entitled:
Impressions of SDNU
2. How time flies! The year 2008 is coming to an end. There must be a lot of things in this year that you will never forget. Then it is time for you to write them down. The title is:
Memories of 2008
英语翻译与写作试题
(2008-2009学年第一学期)
一、英译汉（下面共给出四篇短文，请任选两篇翻译成汉语，满分40分）
1. We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person ’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examination. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success or failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn ’t matter that you weren ’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can do his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination expects him to do. (193 words)
我们可能对每一个学科领域所取得的进步感到惊奇，但是测试一个人的知识和能力的方法却仍和原始最初的一样。确实令人吃惊，经过这么多年，教育家们还没有创立出一种比考试更有效、更可靠的方法。考试就是测验你知道什么，对于所有这些虔诚的说法，普遍认为往往适得其反。考试可能是一种测试记忆力的好方式，或者是让人在极端压力下快速工作的诀窍, 但是它却一点儿也不能说明一个人真正的能力和才智。
作为焦虑制造者，考试是首屈一指的。这是因为考试决定着很多事情。在我们的社会中，考试是成功或失败的标志。在事关命运的一天里你的整个前途就被决定下来了。无论你当时的心情很糟糕，或者你的母亲已去世，都不重要。像那样的小事都不能说明什么：考试依然进行。当身陷致命的恐惧中或经过一个失眠之夜后，没人能发挥出他的最佳水平，不过这正是考试制度所期望他这样做的。
2. Home
What makes a home? Love and sympathy and confidence. It is a place where kindly affections exist among all the members of the family. The parents take good care of their children, and the children are interested in the activities of their parents. Thus all of them are bound together by affection, and they found their home to be the cheeriest place in the world.
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul. Every civilized person is a social being. No one should live alone. A man may lead a successful and prosperous life, but prosperity alone can by no means insure happiness. Many great personages in the world history
had deep affections for their homes.
Your home may be poor and humble, but your duty lies there. You should try to make it cheerful and comfortable. The greater the difficulties, the richer will be your reward.
A home is more than a family dwelling. It is a school in which people are trained for citizenship. A man will not render good service to his country if he can do nothing good for his home. The home is the birthplace of true patriotism. It is the secret of social welfare and national greatness. It is the basis and origin of civilization. (218 words)
家
什么构成了一个家呢？爱、体谅和信心构成了一个家。家是家庭所有的成员彼此相亲相爱的地方。父母关心爱护孩子, 孩子也乐于参与他们父母的各种活动。因此, 他们都是被爱拴在一起的, 他们会发现他们的家是世界上最快乐的地方。
一个没有爱的家不能称其为一个家, 就像没有灵魂的躯体不能称之为人一样。每个人都是社会的一分子。没有哪一个人能够脱离社会独自生存。一个人可以过着一种成功而富裕的生活, 但是光有钱决不能确保过得幸福。世界历史上很多名人都对他们的家有着深厚的感情。
你的家也许是贫穷的, 并且家里的摆设也很简陋, 但是它是你的职责所在。你应该尽力使它充满快乐和舒适。困难越大, 你所获得的回报就会越多。
一个家的意义并不只是一处住所。它是一所学校, 人们在这里学会了很高的教养。一个人如果不能为他的家庭谋福利的话，那么他就也不会为国家做出贡献的。家是培养真正爱国精神的摇篮。它是社会安宁和国家伟大的秘密所在。它是文明的基础和起源。
3. Bruce Lee
Bruce Lee was born, according to the Chinese zodiac, during the Hour of the Dragon in the Year of the Dragon. His birth took place during an American tour of Hong Kong ’s Cantonese Opera Company, in which his father was a comic actor. Known in the family as Little Dragon, Lee was actually sickly and weak; he took up martial arts as a means of self-protection around his tough neighborhoods and soon became agile and versatile. A year later being named the Hong Kong Cha-Cha Champion at eighteen, he returned to the United States, where he studied philosophy and medicine.
On the side, Lee mastered every physical technique of fighting, becoming almost supernaturally good. Eventually he was most often either working out, thinking about it, or teaching others. On the street he practiced kicks on trees and pieces of litter. At the dinner table he chopped at the empty chair next to him; while watching TV he did very slow sit-ups, and even in his sleep he would kick and punch. At parties he did one-finger push-ups and would gladly remove his shirt to show off his “muscles on top of muscles”. He believed that concentration was 50 percent of a workout, and “Meditation and Mental Training” always topped his daily to-do list.
Deciding that film was the best way to dispel martial arts ’ reputation as glorified street fighting, Lee began making his own movies, with himself as the writer, star, director, and choreographer of the fights. In the United States, his movies included Fists of Fury(《精武们》) , Return of the Dragon（《猛龙过江》）, and finally Enter the Dragon（《龙争虎斗》）, considered one of the most commercially successful films ever made. Many assumed that the fight sequences used a stuntman or other tricks, but in fact Lee did his own stunts – and was forced to slow down his movements because they registered only as a blur on camera. The highest paid actor in the world, he inspired generations of Americans to take up martial arts. He had a mansion in Hong Kong surrounded by an eight-foot stone wall topped with broken glass and spikes; every room was kept locked to guard against theft by workmen.
(362 words)
4. On Doors
The opening and closing of doors are the most significant actions of man ’s life. What a mystery lies in doors!
There are many kinds of doors. Revolving doors for hotels, shops, and public buildings. These are typical of brisk, bustling ways of modern life. Can you imagine John Milton or William Penn skipping through a revolving door?
Then there are the curious little slatted doors that still swing outside denatured barrooms, and extend only from shoulder to knee. They are trapdoors, sliding doors, double doors, stage doors, prison doors, glass doors.
But the symbol and mystery of a door resides in its quality of concealment. A glass door is not a door at all, but a window. The meaning of a door is to hide what lies inside; to keep the heart in suspense.
Also, there are many ways of opening doors. There is the cheery push of elbow with which the waiter shoves open the kitchen door when he bears in your tray of supper. There is the suspicious and tentative withdrawal of a door before the unhappy book agent or peddler. There is the genteel and carefully modulated recession with which footmen swing wide the oaken barriers of the great. There is the sympathetic and awful silence of the dentist’s maid who opens the door into the operating room and, without speaking, implies that the doctor is ready for you. There is the brisk cataclysmic opening of a door when the nurse comes in, very early in the morning – “It ’s a boy!”
Doors are the symbol of privacy, of retreat, of the mind’s escape into blissful quietude or sad secret struggle. A room without doors is not a room, but a hallway. No matter where he is, a man can make himself at home behind a closed door. (300 words)
二、汉译英（下面共给出四段文字，请任选两段翻译成英语，满分30分）
1、电视给国人的娱乐习惯有很大影响，它造成了影剧院上座率的锐减。许多电影院和剧院不得不关门。许多其他户外娱乐业也无不受电视的冲击，因为人们大多觉得在自己舒适的家里可以得到娱乐，何必再出去呢？
2、某些出租车公司开办了英语夜校，聘请英语教师为驾驶员们教授基础英语。一位出租车司机说：“学好英语非常重要，不管我有多忙，我总是按时在晚上听英语课。这样，当奥运会在北京举行时，我就能用英语和乘客交流了。”
Certain taxi companies have started evening classes, inviting English teachers to instruct their drivers in basic English. One taxi driver said, "Learning English is very important, no matter how busy I am, I always attend the evening English classes on time, then I will be able to talk to foreign passengers when the Olympic Games is held in Beijing."
3、科学研究已经发现，白日梦是一种有效的放松手段。但是，它的积极作用还远不止此。试验表明，它对智力的发展、注意力的培养以及与人协作交流的能力都极具意义。
Scientific research has discovered, daydreaming is an effective relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and
communicate with others.
4、他在下班回家的路上遇到了大雨，胳膊下夹着一个公文包，开始向前跑，想去搭乘公共汽车。那辆汽车在他前头约有10米远，正在慢速开行。
三、写作（下面共提供两个题目，请任选一个, 字数不少于30分）
1. Shandong Normal University is the place where you live and study almost every day now. How does it impress you? What do you think of the teachers and students here? … Please write a composition entitled:
Impressions of SDNU
2. How time flies! The year 2008 is coming to an end. There must be a lot of things in this year that you will never forget. Then it is time for you to write them down. The title is:
Memories of 2008