Glass furnace flue gas waste heat power generation
As a major energy consumer in building materials industry, glass production needs to consume large amounts of energy, glass melting furnace design using heavy oil, natural gas, coal gas and other fuels. The combustion of the fuel in the furnace of heat release, the glass liquid absorption of total calories 35~40%; through the furnace surface heat loss is 20~25%; the smoke loss for 30~40%. Visible glass furnace flue gas away a lot of heat, so the flue gas heat recovery potential, effective utilization of waste heat in glass production has become an effective way to reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of glass production.
Utilization of flue gas waste heat resource is mainly heat utilization and power recovery two. At present, the glass industry mainly uses the recycling pathway heat utilization, namely in the kiln tail is provided with waste heat exchange device, half through the flue gas waste heat exchange device, to produce saturated steam waste heat utilization of flue gas, used for the production and life, which is mainly used for the production of heavy oil heating, but required the use of steam and is small, and the use of natural gas as fuel for glass production line, its production is almost without steam, so the waste heat of the flue gas have not been fully utilized.
Since 2004, China International Building Materials Engineering Co. Ltd. the gas-fired combined cycle, various industrial kilns (cement industry, metallurgy industry, chemical industry) experience waste heat power generation technology and equipment, waste heat power generation technology developed characteristics suitable for glass kiln flue gas waste heat. Using the technology of comprehensive utilization of the waste heat of flue gas at the same time, we can not only reduce purchased electricity, improves the utilization ratio of energy, but also can reduce emissions of atmospheric pollutants, reduce the greenhouse effect
1, technology introduction
Glass melting kiln waste heat power generation system in its essence and power systems, the main working principle is: the use of waste heat recovery boiler flue gas waste heat, the boiler feed water heating produce superheated steam, superheated steam to power the expansion turbine, converting heat energy into mechanical energy, and the generator is driven to generate electricity, heat, conversion mechanical energy to electrical energy. Did the work of steam (steam turbine) from the discharge of circulating cooling water system, the cooling after the formation of the condensed water, condensed water and water mixed together as boiler feed water, the pump was sent back to the boiler, so that the completion of a thermodynamic process. Such as factory production needs with saturated steam, steam extraction piping system design, extraction steam from the steam turbine rear opening, meet the demand of steam plant
Characteristics of waste heat power generation technology:
1) reliability : ensure exhaust patency in any case, to ensure the safe operation of the kiln pressure stable and glass melting furnace.
2) Stability ; of flue gas parameters of glass furnace exhaust to unconditional to do ", how many, how much to eat".
3) Adaptability : in flue gas parameter fluctuations or in the non design condition, performance of variable working condition of waste heat power generation system and equipment used, production of steam and internal efficiency is higher under off design conditions, the actual power generation.
4) waste heat utilization is maximized : glass kiln flue gas waste heat resources belonging to the two energy, intermediate energy, the heat grade is relatively low, in order to achieve the "cascade utilization, using high quality" as the principle,
In order to ensure the waste heat power generation system reliability, stability, adaptability, maximize the utilization rate of waste heat, waste heat utilization project economy guarantee.
5) years long operation time : the effective allocation of on-line cleaning device, which in the case of continuous furnace non-stop ash, so as to ensure that the waste heat power generation system operating over 8000h
3, promotion prospects
Waste heat flue gas kiln flue gas temperature of molten glass, a glass furnace flue gas quantity is not large, but with the development of float glass, glass industry development of waste heat power generation is an inevitable trend:
1) along with the spreading of float glass technology in China and glass production capacity continues to improve, more and more waste heat of the flue gas resources in China's glass industry. The last heat utilization has been unable to meet the requirements of waste heat utilization maximization.
2) along with rising energy prices, glass enterprises how to reduce production costs, improve the competitiveness of enterprises, is a very large number of glass enterprises can get rid of the dilemma, the key to achieving sustainable development.
3) advocated by the state energy policy, environmental policy also requires glass enterprises must be low energy consumption, low pollution of the road, therefore, the development of waste heat power generation glass industry has a broad social foundation.
4) application of glass melting kiln waste heat power generation technology to reduce glass enterprises purchased power greatly, improve the economic efficiency of enterprises.
5) there are many glass enterprises in the factory has more than 2 float glass production line, which provides favorable conditions for the glass furnace flue gas waste heat power generation. At present, the float glass production line in China, more than 200, the glass industry construction waste heat power
generation project market prospects
Waste heat power generation process does not require burning fuels (coal, oil and gas), the atmospheric environment without adding any pollutants (TSP, SO2, NOx) emissions, and coal-fired power plants emit the same amount in comparison, but also can save energy, reduce CO2 and the emission of pollutants, reducing the exhaust temperature, reduce the greenhouse gas effect.
Power construction waste glass enterprises can improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, reduce emissions of atmospheric pollutants, to achieve economic efficiency, environmental benefits and social benefits of the win-win situation, in line with the circular economy "reduction, reuse, resource oriented" principle, is China's glass business development of circular economy an important way
. 玻璃熔窑烟气余热发电简介
作为建材行业能耗大户，玻璃企业生产需要消耗大量的能源，玻璃熔窑设计使用重油、天然气、煤气等燃料。燃料在炉内燃烧释放热量，其中玻璃液吸热占总热量35~40%；通过熔窑表面散热损失为20~25%；排烟损失为30~40%。可见玻璃熔窑烟气带走了大量的热量，因此烟气热量回收的潜力巨大，高效利用玻璃生产中的余热成为目前降低玻璃综合生产综合能耗的有效途径。
烟气余热资源的利用途径主要有热利用和动力回收两种。目前，玻璃行业主要采用热利用的回收途径，即在熔窑尾部设余热换热装置，烟气半通过余热换热装置，利用部分烟气的余热来产生饱和蒸汽，用于厂区的生产和生活，其中生产主要用于重油的加热，但所需使用的蒸汽量并不大，而对使用天然气为燃料的玻璃生产线，其生产中几乎可以不用蒸汽，因此烟气的余热并没有被充分的利用。
2004年以来，中国建材国际工程有限公司在总结燃气联合循环、各种工业窑炉（水泥行业、冶金行业、化工行业）余热发电系统技术及装备的经验基础上，开发了适合玻璃窑烟气余热的特性的余热发电技术。利用该技术对烟气余热进行综合利用的同时，不仅可以大大减少外购电量，提高全厂的能源利用率，而且还能减少大气污染物的排放，减少温室效应
1、技术简介
玻璃熔窑余热发电系统就其本质而言与火力发电系统相同，主要工作原理为：利用余热锅炉回收烟气余热热能，将锅炉给水加热生产出过热蒸汽，过热蒸汽到汽轮机中膨胀做功，将热能转换成机械能，进而带动发电机发出电力，实现热能→机械能→电能的转换。做过功的蒸汽（乏汽）从汽轮机排出，经循环冷却水系统冷却后形成冷凝水，冷凝水及补充水混合在一起作为锅炉的给水，经给水泵在送回到锅炉中，这样就完成了一个热力过程。如厂区生产生活需要用饱和蒸汽，则系统设抽汽管路，从汽轮机后部开口抽汽，满足全厂对蒸汽之需求。
余热发电技术的特点在于：
1） 1可靠性：在任何情况下保证排烟通畅，保证窑内压力的平稳和玻璃熔窑的安全
运行。
2） 对玻璃熔窑排出的烟气参数要无条件适应，做到“有多少、吃多少”。
3） 性能较好，非设计工况下仍有较高的产汽量和内效率，保证了实际发电量。
4） 相对较低，以实现“梯级利用，高质高用”的利用为原则，在保证余热发电系统
可靠性、稳定性、适应性的前提下，实现余热利用率的最大化，保证余热利用项
目经济性。
5） 年运行时间长：配置有效在线清灰装置，保证在不停炉的情况下连续清灰，从而
保证余热发电系统年运行超过8000h 。
3、推广前景
玻璃熔窑烟气属中温烟气余热，单条玻璃熔窑烟气量不大，但随着浮法玻璃的发展，玻璃行业发展余热发电是必然的趋势：
1） 随着我国浮法玻璃技术的推广以及玻璃产能的不断提高，我国玻璃行业的烟气余
热资源越来越多。过去的热利用已不能满足余热利用最大化的要求。
2） 随着能源价格的不断上涨，玻璃企业如何能降低生产成本、提高企业的竞争力，
已是众多玻璃企业能否摆脱困境、获得持续发展的关键。
3） 国家倡导的能源政策、环保政策也要求玻璃企业必须走低能耗、低污染的道路，
因此，玻璃行业发展余热发电已具备广泛的社会基础。
4） 玻璃熔窑余热发电技术的应用大大减少玻璃企业外购电量，提高了企业的经济效
益。
5） 我国有很多玻璃企业厂区内有2条以上的浮法玻璃生产线，这为玻璃熔窑烟气余
热发电提供了有利的条件。目前，我国浮法玻璃生产线约200余条，玻璃行业建
设余热发电项目的市场前景广阔。
余热发电工艺过程不需要燃烧燃料（煤、油和燃气），对大气环境不增加任何污染物（TSP 、SO 2、NO x ）的排放，与火力发电厂发出同等电量相比较，还可节约能源，减少CO 2及污染物的排放，降低排气温度，减轻温室气体效应。
玻璃企业建设余热发电可提高企业的经济效益，减少大气污染物的排放，实现经济效益、环保效益和社会效益多赢的局面，符合循环经济 “减量化、再利用、资源化”原则，是我国玻璃企业发展循环经济重要途径。
Glass furnace flue gas waste heat power generation
As a major energy consumer in building materials industry, glass production needs to consume large amounts of energy, glass melting furnace design using heavy oil, natural gas, coal gas and other fuels. The combustion of the fuel in the furnace of heat release, the glass liquid absorption of total calories 35~40%; through the furnace surface heat loss is 20~25%; the smoke loss for 30~40%. Visible glass furnace flue gas away a lot of heat, so the flue gas heat recovery potential, effective utilization of waste heat in glass production has become an effective way to reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of glass production.
Utilization of flue gas waste heat resource is mainly heat utilization and power recovery two. At present, the glass industry mainly uses the recycling pathway heat utilization, namely in the kiln tail is provided with waste heat exchange device, half through the flue gas waste heat exchange device, to produce saturated steam waste heat utilization of flue gas, used for the production and life, which is mainly used for the production of heavy oil heating, but required the use of steam and is small, and the use of natural gas as fuel for glass production line, its production is almost without steam, so the waste heat of the flue gas have not been fully utilized.
Since 2004, China International Building Materials Engineering Co. Ltd. the gas-fired combined cycle, various industrial kilns (cement industry, metallurgy industry, chemical industry) experience waste heat power generation technology and equipment, waste heat power generation technology developed characteristics suitable for glass kiln flue gas waste heat. Using the technology of comprehensive utilization of the waste heat of flue gas at the same time, we can not only reduce purchased electricity, improves the utilization ratio of energy, but also can reduce emissions of atmospheric pollutants, reduce the greenhouse effect
1, technology introduction
Glass melting kiln waste heat power generation system in its essence and power systems, the main working principle is: the use of waste heat recovery boiler flue gas waste heat, the boiler feed water heating produce superheated steam, superheated steam to power the expansion turbine, converting heat energy into mechanical energy, and the generator is driven to generate electricity, heat, conversion mechanical energy to electrical energy. Did the work of steam (steam turbine) from the discharge of circulating cooling water system, the cooling after the formation of the condensed water, condensed water and water mixed together as boiler feed water, the pump was sent back to the boiler, so that the completion of a thermodynamic process. Such as factory production needs with saturated steam, steam extraction piping system design, extraction steam from the steam turbine rear opening, meet the demand of steam plant
Characteristics of waste heat power generation technology:
1) reliability : ensure exhaust patency in any case, to ensure the safe operation of the kiln pressure stable and glass melting furnace.
2) Stability ; of flue gas parameters of glass furnace exhaust to unconditional to do ", how many, how much to eat".
3) Adaptability : in flue gas parameter fluctuations or in the non design condition, performance of variable working condition of waste heat power generation system and equipment used, production of steam and internal efficiency is higher under off design conditions, the actual power generation.
4) waste heat utilization is maximized : glass kiln flue gas waste heat resources belonging to the two energy, intermediate energy, the heat grade is relatively low, in order to achieve the "cascade utilization, using high quality" as the principle,
In order to ensure the waste heat power generation system reliability, stability, adaptability, maximize the utilization rate of waste heat, waste heat utilization project economy guarantee.
5) years long operation time : the effective allocation of on-line cleaning device, which in the case of continuous furnace non-stop ash, so as to ensure that the waste heat power generation system operating over 8000h
3, promotion prospects
Waste heat flue gas kiln flue gas temperature of molten glass, a glass furnace flue gas quantity is not large, but with the development of float glass, glass industry development of waste heat power generation is an inevitable trend:
1) along with the spreading of float glass technology in China and glass production capacity continues to improve, more and more waste heat of the flue gas resources in China's glass industry. The last heat utilization has been unable to meet the requirements of waste heat utilization maximization.
2) along with rising energy prices, glass enterprises how to reduce production costs, improve the competitiveness of enterprises, is a very large number of glass enterprises can get rid of the dilemma, the key to achieving sustainable development.
3) advocated by the state energy policy, environmental policy also requires glass enterprises must be low energy consumption, low pollution of the road, therefore, the development of waste heat power generation glass industry has a broad social foundation.
4) application of glass melting kiln waste heat power generation technology to reduce glass enterprises purchased power greatly, improve the economic efficiency of enterprises.
5) there are many glass enterprises in the factory has more than 2 float glass production line, which provides favorable conditions for the glass furnace flue gas waste heat power generation. At present, the float glass production line in China, more than 200, the glass industry construction waste heat power
generation project market prospects
Waste heat power generation process does not require burning fuels (coal, oil and gas), the atmospheric environment without adding any pollutants (TSP, SO2, NOx) emissions, and coal-fired power plants emit the same amount in comparison, but also can save energy, reduce CO2 and the emission of pollutants, reducing the exhaust temperature, reduce the greenhouse gas effect.
Power construction waste glass enterprises can improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, reduce emissions of atmospheric pollutants, to achieve economic efficiency, environmental benefits and social benefits of the win-win situation, in line with the circular economy "reduction, reuse, resource oriented" principle, is China's glass business development of circular economy an important way
. 玻璃熔窑烟气余热发电简介
作为建材行业能耗大户，玻璃企业生产需要消耗大量的能源，玻璃熔窑设计使用重油、天然气、煤气等燃料。燃料在炉内燃烧释放热量，其中玻璃液吸热占总热量35~40%；通过熔窑表面散热损失为20~25%；排烟损失为30~40%。可见玻璃熔窑烟气带走了大量的热量，因此烟气热量回收的潜力巨大，高效利用玻璃生产中的余热成为目前降低玻璃综合生产综合能耗的有效途径。
烟气余热资源的利用途径主要有热利用和动力回收两种。目前，玻璃行业主要采用热利用的回收途径，即在熔窑尾部设余热换热装置，烟气半通过余热换热装置，利用部分烟气的余热来产生饱和蒸汽，用于厂区的生产和生活，其中生产主要用于重油的加热，但所需使用的蒸汽量并不大，而对使用天然气为燃料的玻璃生产线，其生产中几乎可以不用蒸汽，因此烟气的余热并没有被充分的利用。
2004年以来，中国建材国际工程有限公司在总结燃气联合循环、各种工业窑炉（水泥行业、冶金行业、化工行业）余热发电系统技术及装备的经验基础上，开发了适合玻璃窑烟气余热的特性的余热发电技术。利用该技术对烟气余热进行综合利用的同时，不仅可以大大减少外购电量，提高全厂的能源利用率，而且还能减少大气污染物的排放，减少温室效应
1、技术简介
玻璃熔窑余热发电系统就其本质而言与火力发电系统相同，主要工作原理为：利用余热锅炉回收烟气余热热能，将锅炉给水加热生产出过热蒸汽，过热蒸汽到汽轮机中膨胀做功，将热能转换成机械能，进而带动发电机发出电力，实现热能→机械能→电能的转换。做过功的蒸汽（乏汽）从汽轮机排出，经循环冷却水系统冷却后形成冷凝水，冷凝水及补充水混合在一起作为锅炉的给水，经给水泵在送回到锅炉中，这样就完成了一个热力过程。如厂区生产生活需要用饱和蒸汽，则系统设抽汽管路，从汽轮机后部开口抽汽，满足全厂对蒸汽之需求。
余热发电技术的特点在于：
1） 1可靠性：在任何情况下保证排烟通畅，保证窑内压力的平稳和玻璃熔窑的安全
运行。
2） 对玻璃熔窑排出的烟气参数要无条件适应，做到“有多少、吃多少”。
3） 性能较好，非设计工况下仍有较高的产汽量和内效率，保证了实际发电量。
4） 相对较低，以实现“梯级利用，高质高用”的利用为原则，在保证余热发电系统
可靠性、稳定性、适应性的前提下，实现余热利用率的最大化，保证余热利用项
目经济性。
5） 年运行时间长：配置有效在线清灰装置，保证在不停炉的情况下连续清灰，从而
保证余热发电系统年运行超过8000h 。
3、推广前景
玻璃熔窑烟气属中温烟气余热，单条玻璃熔窑烟气量不大，但随着浮法玻璃的发展，玻璃行业发展余热发电是必然的趋势：
1） 随着我国浮法玻璃技术的推广以及玻璃产能的不断提高，我国玻璃行业的烟气余
热资源越来越多。过去的热利用已不能满足余热利用最大化的要求。
2） 随着能源价格的不断上涨，玻璃企业如何能降低生产成本、提高企业的竞争力，
已是众多玻璃企业能否摆脱困境、获得持续发展的关键。
3） 国家倡导的能源政策、环保政策也要求玻璃企业必须走低能耗、低污染的道路，
因此，玻璃行业发展余热发电已具备广泛的社会基础。
4） 玻璃熔窑余热发电技术的应用大大减少玻璃企业外购电量，提高了企业的经济效
益。
5） 我国有很多玻璃企业厂区内有2条以上的浮法玻璃生产线，这为玻璃熔窑烟气余
热发电提供了有利的条件。目前，我国浮法玻璃生产线约200余条，玻璃行业建
设余热发电项目的市场前景广阔。
余热发电工艺过程不需要燃烧燃料（煤、油和燃气），对大气环境不增加任何污染物（TSP 、SO 2、NO x ）的排放，与火力发电厂发出同等电量相比较，还可节约能源，减少CO 2及污染物的排放，降低排气温度，减轻温室气体效应。
玻璃企业建设余热发电可提高企业的经济效益，减少大气污染物的排放，实现经济效益、环保效益和社会效益多赢的局面，符合循环经济 “减量化、再利用、资源化”原则，是我国玻璃企业发展循环经济重要途径。