Foreign graduate training analysis and comparison with Chinese
( Science and Technology University )
Lin Jiahui1,a ,Xia Junpeng1,b ,and Lu Lin1,c
1Shenyang Aerospace University,No.37 Daoyi South Avenue,Daoyi Development District,Shenyang
China
Nowadays, graduate education can be the symbol of a country’s education standard, can reflect the exploitation and reserve of intelligence of a country, can on behalf of the technology competitiveness and economy competitiveness of a country, just because of its top status in the higher education. To develop an excellence graduate student, who with the capacity, own though, foresight and have ardent love for the motherland, will be a necessary condition to let our country continue rapidly develop. Analyzing and comparing the higher education between foreign and China can help us discover our disadvantages and correct them. Besides, we can develop the shining point in our graduate education. In this way, we can bring up more excellent graduate students, and more and more higher quality talents for our country.
In this article, we will compare the development of graduate students between the higher Science and Technology academic in foreign and China. In the end, we will give some advice for our country’s graduate education in order to do some devote for the development of graduate students in China. And we hope that our higher education can more and more wonderful and can develop more new world four youth.
We will compare it in developing aim, developing access, developing model, class analyze, creating ability, quality estimate way. And then, we will absorb the essence and discard the dross to give some meaningful advice.
Key words: graduate education, compare, analyze, advice
Introduction
Our country will face many big opportunities and challenges in a long time which is the important time for our country to completely build moderately prosperous society. Facing such varieties strategic environment, how can we seize the opportunities and facing the challenges to achieve complete reunification of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation-----“Chinese dream”? The most important thing is technology and talents. And the basis is education. Therefore, our country starts to implement the strategy of rejuvenating China through science and technology and the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development since the late 90’s.
In the new age, our country formally published the National medium and long-term plan for science and technology development (2006-2020) in the 2006 which play an important role in improving the revival of science technology. This essential clearly says that we should propel the build of our country’s create system and the revolution of our country’s science system, says that the aim is to propel and consummate country’s create system building.[2] In a long time, the vital thing in Chinese traditional create system building is to set up the knowledge create system which
includes science research and higher education. It will focus on setting the system, including open, movement, competition, cooperation, which not only can improve the combine between sciences academy and institute and sciences academy and institute or sciences academy and institute and college, but also can improve the combine of resource. At this time, National medium and long-term plan for education development says that “we should give fully play to the important role in national innovation system, encourage college do some devote in the creating of knowledge, technology, national defense technology and region. And we should improve the resource sharing in higher school, sciences academy and institute and company technology education, promote the higher school create system, cultivate the team which combine the science research and teaching in different discipline and area.”[2] In 2011, Hu jintao comrade says in the Qing Hua 100th anniversary that we should regard improving the quality as the most important and urgent mission in the higher school education revolution and development. Graduate education is the highest level of higher education. Higher education ’s talents development, science research, social work, culture inherit and many basic functions can relevance closely and become an organic whole all because the graduate education. The developing level and development quality of graduate education plays an important role in the access of implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through “science and education strategy ”, building “the talent ’s powerful country ” strategy and “the creative country ”. [3] Through the different between the develop of graduate training in the China and foreign, absorb the essence and discard the dross, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, this is not only a important way to improve the quality of graduate develop fully, but also is an important point of penetration for breakthrough the system barrier about the independence of creating subjects in our country ’s science system, improve the comprehensive collaborative innovation, accelerate accomplish the create system.
Actually, researching the education and improve ourselves is not a concept which is raised nearly. After the new China founded, many educators and scholars has said that we should talk with some higher schools in china and foreign, make the best of the both worlds, make progress together.
The Difference Aims Between China and Foreign
Imperial College London United Kingdom has set up the great education idea and creative, useful graduate improve aim, always bury in pursuing the higher international education and research quality. In the training graduate pattern, it using the multiple pattern methods, using the serious tutorial system, and has a clear level in arranging the course. In the safeguard the quality of graduate training, using the serious checking selection system, and will do some monitoring or estimating the quality regularly. [4] This can provide strong guarantee for the aim to develop the talent ’s people, support a lot of experiences to learn for the graduate development.
American graduate education has many subjects whose have both academic degree and professional degree. The former always regards develop the scholars or the talents who are devoting in creating new knowledge and exploring the unknown area as the aim. The latter always regards develop the applied talents who must study profession knowledge and skills fully. So the developing process also has the difference point. The mean term is that the latter pays attention to teaching, stresses the handing and solving the real problem ability. But the latter pays attention to basic theory training, stresses the own interests and thinking ability. And they should prove themselves meanly through the original thesis. [5]
Comparatively speaking, the aim of Chinese graduate education is sole and indistinct. For a long time, the graduate education in China is belonging to talents educating. Its aim is to developing the talent who has higher science accomplishment. But the theory policy and practicing result has a
very big difference because we have no concrete develop program. For example, regarding develop practice ability in the engineering as the major, but still regard the study level of original paper as the graduate checking standard. So there are many graduates forge or plagiarize when they are writing the paper.
It ’s easy to see that Britain and America diversified developing aim is more adapt to these social talents’ needs. It can develop both researching and practicing talents. But Chinese graduate developing aim is sole and indistinct which leads the problem of lower researching ability and engineer practicing ability in graduates especially master graduates in a certain extent. Therefore, China should learn it from Britain and America, set up a diversified and clearness aim. In fact, Ministry of Education has realized the significance of this problem. And they have started the new sensitivity degree form called profession-type graduate which is put the point to developing the profession-type talents who are good in creating and researching in the engineering.
The Different Forms in China and Foreign
Comparing the schedule[6]
Comparing the tutor in education[6]
Comparing the science researching[6]
Comparing the course schedule[6]
The Difference Course Systems Between China And Foreign
Many Britain and American colleges is using a flexible and elasticity system which is putting the theory and practice together, teaching by dividing the modules. They are also using the transfer credit system.[8]
Putting the theory and practice together has more benefits in understanding the knowledge deeply and using the knowledge in practice, and it meets the require of this society more. But many graduates only study theory, have no practice. And it also answers the question that why there are many our graduates working on the theory research after they are graduated, only few graduates working on practicing.
Dividing the teaching in modules is a way in which that each module is teaching
independently. And Graduates can choose the proper modules to study the specialty by their own
circumstances. It concerned the difference between each students adequately, really put the teaching method of teach students in accordance of their aptitude into practice.
In transfer credit system, you can change the scores you study in other majors, other schools or foreign to you own major. Some school can change many subjects’ scores, and the less also can change one or two scores. On one hand, this method not only can avoid students to do some useless working, let graduates working on other courses’ study, the most important, it can attract some other majors’ students. On the other hands, it can promote the develop of this major because there are many different ideas in different schools for one major, any out major’s courses can be a mirror to own major. What’s more, transfer credit system can reduce the burden of students from the consideration of the cost in education. This measure has a big worth for our graduates education to reference.
The elastic educational system[9] is a kind of graduates education system which is based on elective system,regards the credit system as its main body and regards the tutorial system as safeguard.The length of students studying is quite broadly. It allows students to choose the appropriate courses according to their own situation and finish the major credits in a fairly flexible time and achieve some other requires. For example, the sports professional in America Springfield College, its study years using the elastic educational system, they usually can complete their courses and graduate in one or two years.Its study year limit is restrained in many aspects, such as undergraduate grades, undergraduate professional and so on.If the student has a good foundation, he/she can apply to graduating in one year; if the student has a bad foundation, they can also apply to school to extension the educational system after the estimate by the class teacher and school and agreed. Other example, in the United Kingdom, the 2 years MBA training mode has been replaced by the year limit from10 to 21 months MBA training little by little, and the one-year MBA training model has become very common in Europe currently.By implementing the flexible educational system,graduates can arrange their study according to their own situations,the student who haves learning capacity, they can choose more courses, even graduate in advance.For our graduates courses system, the educational system of graduates in America is more flexible and full of elasticity.In our country, the time using to develop the graduates is relative fix. This system has no benefits for exerting the enthusiasm of students and it has increased the burden on students indirectly.Even if some schools implement the elastic educational system, it is "make it rigidly uniform", do not connected with actual closely.
Improvement project:
Improving the cross and permeate between disciplines and promote the comprehensive development of subjects . In nowadays society,society professional talents have be replaced by all-round talents little by little. And the versatile talents of interdisciplinary has a more important statue and become irreplaceable. So,our graduates courses system should improve the cross and permeate between disciplines and promote the comprehensive development of subjects. Therefore, graduates can have the comprehensive ability and become the inter-disciplinary talents.We are supposed to add much more comprehensive courses in graduates courses system, forming the multi-angle comprehensiveness courses system including natural, economy, humanity and social. Using the interdisciplinary courses system, expanding the knowledge of graduates.
Develop more researching graduates. At present,we need much more researching graduates who not only have the practical ability, but also have the higher comprehensive quality. Developing more researching graduates will have a great meaning in promoting the social productivity and the transform of economy structure. Researching graduates will have higher talent in understanding the knowledge ,grasping the knowledge more deeply and having more chance and feasibility for further
research because they always do subjects and practicing researches by themselves ,try to use knowledge in practice,and link theory with practice.
Establish the modular courses system. The modular courses can let students choose their own professional for interests and teaching students in accordance of their aptitude. At the same time, the establish of model is based on today’s society needs, and it will be changed in one year, maintain its core module, only change other courses in the module advance with the time. This measure can prevent the cross-disciplines as well as save the cost.
Reforming the credit system and optimizing the courses system. In the credit system that working in American Colleges, credits can be stored and transferred so that students can choose the wide range credits to get and circulate freely in each learning field in order to promote healthy competition in teaching between schools.China can also encourage graduates to learning other professional courses or using the credits system based on the real situation.It not only can reduce the cost of education and reduce the burden of students, but also can make the communication and mirror between professional courses and unprofessional courses come true.
Completing the elastic educational system and mobilizing the enthusiasm of students. Our country began to promote the elastic educational system from the 90’s of last century, but it still exists some problems in working. Firstly,Our country’s elastic educational system do not division schools, profession,even art and science, only have one standard. So it is not flexible enough. Secondly,the related supporting measures of the elastic educational system are not perfect, such as school management measures and so on. Therefore,what we should do first is to establish the reasonable graduates professional system according to the needs of schools, professionals and social, improve the utilization efficiency of educational resources and reduce the cost of education fundamentally. And perfect the related systems which are combined with the elastic educational system.
The comparing and the suggestion of the different graduate quality estimate in China and foreign
The external quality assurance system of the professional degree in China [9] is mainly reflected from following respects: Implementing the system of three level management among the central, local governments and the degree conferring units, each performs its own functions; Implementing the system of accredit and check among the government leading, colleges applying and experts checking which is an important part in Chinese professional degree graduate education quality assurance; And each professional degree has set up a national education guiding committee which their members are made up by the people who is from meanly departments and the relevant industry departments and the famous specialists in the training units, with broaden representation、strong technicality and authority. Education guiding committee will have the important guiding and coordinating function in various aspects.
Regarding the social evaluation as the main part, and regarding the government actively participate and accept and the self-estimation in the high school as the basic is the feature of American graduate education quality estimate system. [9] All types of schools and professional identification systems and the large social estimate which is composed by academic organizations, professional associations, non-governmental organizations, media and the private groups are the main bodies of American graduate education quality estimate system. They take part in identifying and estimating the quality of the graduate education directly and they play an extremely important role in the graduate education quality from the outside. Among them, the role of academic communities and professional associations are more obvious. They have the properties of industry self-regulation and peer protection, and their authority of the evaluation is high, so they play an important role in the graduate education quality guarantee;
But the high schools are using the formal self-estimation from the grassroots academic units from the bottom to top. And it has provided a positive support for the graduate education quality from the inside; And the federal government using legislation, financial support and the identification to the folk identifying organizations and institutions to take part in the graduate education quality estimate indirectly. The state governments are using degree checking, cooperating with schools to taking part in the graduate planning estimating actively. All those methods make the each estimating main body has a clearly divide the work and coordination in American education
quality estimating system, providing a great guarantee for the moving of this system.
Advice:
The main force of our professional degree external quality assurance system is the government, so we should add some other forces to supervise it in the external quality of our professional degree graduate education, such as the estimate for the professional degree graduate education from the social evaluation mechanism. At the same time, China should actively establish the occupation qualification certificate system, and connect it with the professional degree graduate education. In this way, the professional degree will become the vital condition for applying the industry
occupation qualification certificate or license. And it will also make the receiving the professional degree becomes the qualification condition for entering some professional industries.
Summary And Outlook
1. Compared with other developed countries, the goal of Chinese graduate education is single and unclear. There is a big gap in the construction of the mentor team, teaching methods, management system, ability training and course setting between other developed countries and China. So, many universities begin to reform. But both theories and practicing are dim because of lacking some clear goals. But in developed country, graduate education aim is changed to professional and practical directions. Its courses schedule has the feature of individuality and diversity. They put the teaching theories and science research together, pay attention to improving students’ motivation and initiation adequately, use sites, discussing, thematic and many other ways widely to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of teaching. For this, our country need to improve in following fields: ①Clearing the aim of academical and professional graduate education, adding professional graduate degree. ②Reforming the courses schedule, improving the communication, practicing, experimenting, evaluating and so many links between students and teachers.
2.Due to the lack of science research funds in our education, there are few graduates doing research experience [9]. Our graduates at school only about 20 percent of them took part in the science researches from 2000 to 2002. In another words, there are still 80 percent graduates never took part in the science researches.[6] Because of lacking the practice training, the creating ability of our graduates is lower than others, such as science realize dimming, science spirits lowing, have no spirits of guarding the truth, dare to criticize the mistakes, the ability of observing the questions independence and analyzing and solving the questions is lower than others and so on. With the expansion of enrollment scale ， Some science and engineering collages have less experiment equipment to meet the graduates’ science research existing size.And some graduates change doing experiments to listening experiments, students can not having the effective training in practicing ability.Therefore,we should actively explore more ways to raise money, make full use of varieties social resources to combine with training.
3.At this stage, there is a big gap in quality governing of postgraduates training between other developed countries and China. We also have some oversights in every links of postgraduates training and we are lacking of necessary eliminating system. If we still do not strengthen the accessing in quality control, it is hard to developing the high quality creative talents.
4.The old and single estimate checking systems deviate from the training aim of talents diversification. The society not only needs academical and professional talents, but also needs practical and application talents. The traditional estimate system and production line type education vanished the creative thinking of graduates and personality training. In the graduates education quality assurance system, we should enhance the social estimate and supervision potency. In this article, I think that our professional degree graduates education quality assurance system should learn from America, establishing the quality assurance system which is regarding the universities’ internal self-assurance as the main body, regarding the external supervising estimating of governments and society intermediary agents as the auxiliary.
Reference
[1]Wang Jing: Study on comparing the master graduate’s developing pattern in science and
engineering universities in American and Chinese
[2]Xu Yaqing: Study on collaborative analysis and evidence in cultivating postgraduates’ creative
ability
[3]Zhu Jingran : Study on the integration of American graduates’ cultivating pattern and science
research
[4]Han Minyang : The graduates’ cultivating pattern and feature in London Imperial University
[5]Su Manhong : Study on American postgraduates’ pattern
[6]Wang Tiechen : The cultivation of innovative talents and the system of graduate education
[7]Yu Feng :The research based on the innovate ability of the graduates’ cultivating pattern’s pattern
[8]Chen Xuefei : Tradition and innovation: talking about the trends of doctoral students’ cultivating
pattern in French, England, Germany and America
[9]Pan Wuling :Study on the education quality evaluating system of Chinese postgraduate education
Foreign graduate training analysis and comparison with Chinese
( Science and Technology University )
Lin Jiahui1,a ,Xia Junpeng1,b ,and Lu Lin1,c
1Shenyang Aerospace University,No.37 Daoyi South Avenue,Daoyi Development District,Shenyang
China
Nowadays, graduate education can be the symbol of a country’s education standard, can reflect the exploitation and reserve of intelligence of a country, can on behalf of the technology competitiveness and economy competitiveness of a country, just because of its top status in the higher education. To develop an excellence graduate student, who with the capacity, own though, foresight and have ardent love for the motherland, will be a necessary condition to let our country continue rapidly develop. Analyzing and comparing the higher education between foreign and China can help us discover our disadvantages and correct them. Besides, we can develop the shining point in our graduate education. In this way, we can bring up more excellent graduate students, and more and more higher quality talents for our country.
In this article, we will compare the development of graduate students between the higher Science and Technology academic in foreign and China. In the end, we will give some advice for our country’s graduate education in order to do some devote for the development of graduate students in China. And we hope that our higher education can more and more wonderful and can develop more new world four youth.
We will compare it in developing aim, developing access, developing model, class analyze, creating ability, quality estimate way. And then, we will absorb the essence and discard the dross to give some meaningful advice.
Key words: graduate education, compare, analyze, advice
Introduction
Our country will face many big opportunities and challenges in a long time which is the important time for our country to completely build moderately prosperous society. Facing such varieties strategic environment, how can we seize the opportunities and facing the challenges to achieve complete reunification of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation-----“Chinese dream”? The most important thing is technology and talents. And the basis is education. Therefore, our country starts to implement the strategy of rejuvenating China through science and technology and the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development since the late 90’s.
In the new age, our country formally published the National medium and long-term plan for science and technology development (2006-2020) in the 2006 which play an important role in improving the revival of science technology. This essential clearly says that we should propel the build of our country’s create system and the revolution of our country’s science system, says that the aim is to propel and consummate country’s create system building.[2] In a long time, the vital thing in Chinese traditional create system building is to set up the knowledge create system which
includes science research and higher education. It will focus on setting the system, including open, movement, competition, cooperation, which not only can improve the combine between sciences academy and institute and sciences academy and institute or sciences academy and institute and college, but also can improve the combine of resource. At this time, National medium and long-term plan for education development says that “we should give fully play to the important role in national innovation system, encourage college do some devote in the creating of knowledge, technology, national defense technology and region. And we should improve the resource sharing in higher school, sciences academy and institute and company technology education, promote the higher school create system, cultivate the team which combine the science research and teaching in different discipline and area.”[2] In 2011, Hu jintao comrade says in the Qing Hua 100th anniversary that we should regard improving the quality as the most important and urgent mission in the higher school education revolution and development. Graduate education is the highest level of higher education. Higher education ’s talents development, science research, social work, culture inherit and many basic functions can relevance closely and become an organic whole all because the graduate education. The developing level and development quality of graduate education plays an important role in the access of implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through “science and education strategy ”, building “the talent ’s powerful country ” strategy and “the creative country ”. [3] Through the different between the develop of graduate training in the China and foreign, absorb the essence and discard the dross, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, this is not only a important way to improve the quality of graduate develop fully, but also is an important point of penetration for breakthrough the system barrier about the independence of creating subjects in our country ’s science system, improve the comprehensive collaborative innovation, accelerate accomplish the create system.
Actually, researching the education and improve ourselves is not a concept which is raised nearly. After the new China founded, many educators and scholars has said that we should talk with some higher schools in china and foreign, make the best of the both worlds, make progress together.
The Difference Aims Between China and Foreign
Imperial College London United Kingdom has set up the great education idea and creative, useful graduate improve aim, always bury in pursuing the higher international education and research quality. In the training graduate pattern, it using the multiple pattern methods, using the serious tutorial system, and has a clear level in arranging the course. In the safeguard the quality of graduate training, using the serious checking selection system, and will do some monitoring or estimating the quality regularly. [4] This can provide strong guarantee for the aim to develop the talent ’s people, support a lot of experiences to learn for the graduate development.
American graduate education has many subjects whose have both academic degree and professional degree. The former always regards develop the scholars or the talents who are devoting in creating new knowledge and exploring the unknown area as the aim. The latter always regards develop the applied talents who must study profession knowledge and skills fully. So the developing process also has the difference point. The mean term is that the latter pays attention to teaching, stresses the handing and solving the real problem ability. But the latter pays attention to basic theory training, stresses the own interests and thinking ability. And they should prove themselves meanly through the original thesis. [5]
Comparatively speaking, the aim of Chinese graduate education is sole and indistinct. For a long time, the graduate education in China is belonging to talents educating. Its aim is to developing the talent who has higher science accomplishment. But the theory policy and practicing result has a
very big difference because we have no concrete develop program. For example, regarding develop practice ability in the engineering as the major, but still regard the study level of original paper as the graduate checking standard. So there are many graduates forge or plagiarize when they are writing the paper.
It ’s easy to see that Britain and America diversified developing aim is more adapt to these social talents’ needs. It can develop both researching and practicing talents. But Chinese graduate developing aim is sole and indistinct which leads the problem of lower researching ability and engineer practicing ability in graduates especially master graduates in a certain extent. Therefore, China should learn it from Britain and America, set up a diversified and clearness aim. In fact, Ministry of Education has realized the significance of this problem. And they have started the new sensitivity degree form called profession-type graduate which is put the point to developing the profession-type talents who are good in creating and researching in the engineering.
The Different Forms in China and Foreign
Comparing the schedule[6]
Comparing the tutor in education[6]
Comparing the science researching[6]
Comparing the course schedule[6]
The Difference Course Systems Between China And Foreign
Many Britain and American colleges is using a flexible and elasticity system which is putting the theory and practice together, teaching by dividing the modules. They are also using the transfer credit system.[8]
Putting the theory and practice together has more benefits in understanding the knowledge deeply and using the knowledge in practice, and it meets the require of this society more. But many graduates only study theory, have no practice. And it also answers the question that why there are many our graduates working on the theory research after they are graduated, only few graduates working on practicing.
Dividing the teaching in modules is a way in which that each module is teaching
independently. And Graduates can choose the proper modules to study the specialty by their own
circumstances. It concerned the difference between each students adequately, really put the teaching method of teach students in accordance of their aptitude into practice.
In transfer credit system, you can change the scores you study in other majors, other schools or foreign to you own major. Some school can change many subjects’ scores, and the less also can change one or two scores. On one hand, this method not only can avoid students to do some useless working, let graduates working on other courses’ study, the most important, it can attract some other majors’ students. On the other hands, it can promote the develop of this major because there are many different ideas in different schools for one major, any out major’s courses can be a mirror to own major. What’s more, transfer credit system can reduce the burden of students from the consideration of the cost in education. This measure has a big worth for our graduates education to reference.
The elastic educational system[9] is a kind of graduates education system which is based on elective system,regards the credit system as its main body and regards the tutorial system as safeguard.The length of students studying is quite broadly. It allows students to choose the appropriate courses according to their own situation and finish the major credits in a fairly flexible time and achieve some other requires. For example, the sports professional in America Springfield College, its study years using the elastic educational system, they usually can complete their courses and graduate in one or two years.Its study year limit is restrained in many aspects, such as undergraduate grades, undergraduate professional and so on.If the student has a good foundation, he/she can apply to graduating in one year; if the student has a bad foundation, they can also apply to school to extension the educational system after the estimate by the class teacher and school and agreed. Other example, in the United Kingdom, the 2 years MBA training mode has been replaced by the year limit from10 to 21 months MBA training little by little, and the one-year MBA training model has become very common in Europe currently.By implementing the flexible educational system,graduates can arrange their study according to their own situations,the student who haves learning capacity, they can choose more courses, even graduate in advance.For our graduates courses system, the educational system of graduates in America is more flexible and full of elasticity.In our country, the time using to develop the graduates is relative fix. This system has no benefits for exerting the enthusiasm of students and it has increased the burden on students indirectly.Even if some schools implement the elastic educational system, it is "make it rigidly uniform", do not connected with actual closely.
Improvement project:
Improving the cross and permeate between disciplines and promote the comprehensive development of subjects . In nowadays society,society professional talents have be replaced by all-round talents little by little. And the versatile talents of interdisciplinary has a more important statue and become irreplaceable. So,our graduates courses system should improve the cross and permeate between disciplines and promote the comprehensive development of subjects. Therefore, graduates can have the comprehensive ability and become the inter-disciplinary talents.We are supposed to add much more comprehensive courses in graduates courses system, forming the multi-angle comprehensiveness courses system including natural, economy, humanity and social. Using the interdisciplinary courses system, expanding the knowledge of graduates.
Develop more researching graduates. At present,we need much more researching graduates who not only have the practical ability, but also have the higher comprehensive quality. Developing more researching graduates will have a great meaning in promoting the social productivity and the transform of economy structure. Researching graduates will have higher talent in understanding the knowledge ,grasping the knowledge more deeply and having more chance and feasibility for further
research because they always do subjects and practicing researches by themselves ,try to use knowledge in practice,and link theory with practice.
Establish the modular courses system. The modular courses can let students choose their own professional for interests and teaching students in accordance of their aptitude. At the same time, the establish of model is based on today’s society needs, and it will be changed in one year, maintain its core module, only change other courses in the module advance with the time. This measure can prevent the cross-disciplines as well as save the cost.
Reforming the credit system and optimizing the courses system. In the credit system that working in American Colleges, credits can be stored and transferred so that students can choose the wide range credits to get and circulate freely in each learning field in order to promote healthy competition in teaching between schools.China can also encourage graduates to learning other professional courses or using the credits system based on the real situation.It not only can reduce the cost of education and reduce the burden of students, but also can make the communication and mirror between professional courses and unprofessional courses come true.
Completing the elastic educational system and mobilizing the enthusiasm of students. Our country began to promote the elastic educational system from the 90’s of last century, but it still exists some problems in working. Firstly,Our country’s elastic educational system do not division schools, profession,even art and science, only have one standard. So it is not flexible enough. Secondly,the related supporting measures of the elastic educational system are not perfect, such as school management measures and so on. Therefore,what we should do first is to establish the reasonable graduates professional system according to the needs of schools, professionals and social, improve the utilization efficiency of educational resources and reduce the cost of education fundamentally. And perfect the related systems which are combined with the elastic educational system.
The comparing and the suggestion of the different graduate quality estimate in China and foreign
The external quality assurance system of the professional degree in China [9] is mainly reflected from following respects: Implementing the system of three level management among the central, local governments and the degree conferring units, each performs its own functions; Implementing the system of accredit and check among the government leading, colleges applying and experts checking which is an important part in Chinese professional degree graduate education quality assurance; And each professional degree has set up a national education guiding committee which their members are made up by the people who is from meanly departments and the relevant industry departments and the famous specialists in the training units, with broaden representation、strong technicality and authority. Education guiding committee will have the important guiding and coordinating function in various aspects.
Regarding the social evaluation as the main part, and regarding the government actively participate and accept and the self-estimation in the high school as the basic is the feature of American graduate education quality estimate system. [9] All types of schools and professional identification systems and the large social estimate which is composed by academic organizations, professional associations, non-governmental organizations, media and the private groups are the main bodies of American graduate education quality estimate system. They take part in identifying and estimating the quality of the graduate education directly and they play an extremely important role in the graduate education quality from the outside. Among them, the role of academic communities and professional associations are more obvious. They have the properties of industry self-regulation and peer protection, and their authority of the evaluation is high, so they play an important role in the graduate education quality guarantee;
But the high schools are using the formal self-estimation from the grassroots academic units from the bottom to top. And it has provided a positive support for the graduate education quality from the inside; And the federal government using legislation, financial support and the identification to the folk identifying organizations and institutions to take part in the graduate education quality estimate indirectly. The state governments are using degree checking, cooperating with schools to taking part in the graduate planning estimating actively. All those methods make the each estimating main body has a clearly divide the work and coordination in American education
quality estimating system, providing a great guarantee for the moving of this system.
Advice:
The main force of our professional degree external quality assurance system is the government, so we should add some other forces to supervise it in the external quality of our professional degree graduate education, such as the estimate for the professional degree graduate education from the social evaluation mechanism. At the same time, China should actively establish the occupation qualification certificate system, and connect it with the professional degree graduate education. In this way, the professional degree will become the vital condition for applying the industry
occupation qualification certificate or license. And it will also make the receiving the professional degree becomes the qualification condition for entering some professional industries.
Summary And Outlook
1. Compared with other developed countries, the goal of Chinese graduate education is single and unclear. There is a big gap in the construction of the mentor team, teaching methods, management system, ability training and course setting between other developed countries and China. So, many universities begin to reform. But both theories and practicing are dim because of lacking some clear goals. But in developed country, graduate education aim is changed to professional and practical directions. Its courses schedule has the feature of individuality and diversity. They put the teaching theories and science research together, pay attention to improving students’ motivation and initiation adequately, use sites, discussing, thematic and many other ways widely to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of teaching. For this, our country need to improve in following fields: ①Clearing the aim of academical and professional graduate education, adding professional graduate degree. ②Reforming the courses schedule, improving the communication, practicing, experimenting, evaluating and so many links between students and teachers.
2.Due to the lack of science research funds in our education, there are few graduates doing research experience [9]. Our graduates at school only about 20 percent of them took part in the science researches from 2000 to 2002. In another words, there are still 80 percent graduates never took part in the science researches.[6] Because of lacking the practice training, the creating ability of our graduates is lower than others, such as science realize dimming, science spirits lowing, have no spirits of guarding the truth, dare to criticize the mistakes, the ability of observing the questions independence and analyzing and solving the questions is lower than others and so on. With the expansion of enrollment scale ， Some science and engineering collages have less experiment equipment to meet the graduates’ science research existing size.And some graduates change doing experiments to listening experiments, students can not having the effective training in practicing ability.Therefore,we should actively explore more ways to raise money, make full use of varieties social resources to combine with training.
3.At this stage, there is a big gap in quality governing of postgraduates training between other developed countries and China. We also have some oversights in every links of postgraduates training and we are lacking of necessary eliminating system. If we still do not strengthen the accessing in quality control, it is hard to developing the high quality creative talents.
4.The old and single estimate checking systems deviate from the training aim of talents diversification. The society not only needs academical and professional talents, but also needs practical and application talents. The traditional estimate system and production line type education vanished the creative thinking of graduates and personality training. In the graduates education quality assurance system, we should enhance the social estimate and supervision potency. In this article, I think that our professional degree graduates education quality assurance system should learn from America, establishing the quality assurance system which is regarding the universities’ internal self-assurance as the main body, regarding the external supervising estimating of governments and society intermediary agents as the auxiliary.
Reference
[1]Wang Jing: Study on comparing the master graduate’s developing pattern in science and
engineering universities in American and Chinese
[2]Xu Yaqing: Study on collaborative analysis and evidence in cultivating postgraduates’ creative
ability
[3]Zhu Jingran : Study on the integration of American graduates’ cultivating pattern and science
research
[4]Han Minyang : The graduates’ cultivating pattern and feature in London Imperial University
[5]Su Manhong : Study on American postgraduates’ pattern
[6]Wang Tiechen : The cultivation of innovative talents and the system of graduate education
[7]Yu Feng :The research based on the innovate ability of the graduates’ cultivating pattern’s pattern
[8]Chen Xuefei : Tradition and innovation: talking about the trends of doctoral students’ cultivating
pattern in French, England, Germany and America
[9]Pan Wuling :Study on the education quality evaluating system of Chinese postgraduate education