高中英语语法篇———主谓一致归类 主谓一致的基本原则 主谓一致有以下三条原则： 1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful． 2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。
1.The people in that country are fighting for independence． 2.The crowd deeply respect their leader． 3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time． 3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如： Neither he nor I am going to see the
film tonight because we are busy．
“主语+介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致
按英语习惯，介词短语通常不用作主语，所以当主语后跟有一个介词短语时，其后谓语动词的数只与介词短语前面的主语保持一致，而与介词短语无关。如：
A woman with two children has come.
一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
Everybody but you knows what was happening.
除了你以外，人人都知道出了什么事。
The teacher, together with some of his pupils, was cleaning the room.
教师和他的一些学生一起在打扫教室。
以下两例中的 as well as 也可视为介词，其后谓语与 as well as 前面的主语保持一致：
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
学生和他们的老师出席了会议。
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。
并列结构作主语的主谓一致
1. 就近型：由or, either…or, neither…or, not… but…, not only…but also等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如：
Neither you nor he is tired.
你和他都没累。
Not you but I am to blame.
不是你的错而是我的错。
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。
2. 就远型：由as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如：
The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there.
不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。
3. 复数型：由and和both...and连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语总是用复数。如： (Both) New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
注：当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时，其谓语用单数。另外，当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，其谓语也要用单数。如：
Every man and woman wants to join it.
每个男女都想加入它。
A teacher and poet visited our school the other day.
早几天一位教师诗人参观了我们学校。
时间、距离、金额作主语时的主谓一致
表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以复数。如：
Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长时间。
Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行两千米是一段很长的路程。
Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息。
比较：
Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 这个古币没有10块钱这么高的价格。 Three dollars were paid for the old coin. 那个古钱花了3块钱。
Twenty years is a long time. 20年是一段很长的时间。
Twenty years have passed since they got married. 他们结婚已有20年了。
意义一致的三个典型用法
1. 形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数名词，如the police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。
The police were called in. 警察被召来了。
注：people 作“民族”解时，其单数形式为people，复数形式为peoples，作主语时，应用语法一致原则。如：
The Chinese people is a great people.
中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
56 peoples make up the big family of China.
56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。
2. 主语是指一类人的“the+形容词（或过去分词）”时，谓语动词通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等。另外，像the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称，作主语时，谓语动词也用复数。如：
The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。
The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。
3. 形式上为复数，而意义上却是单数的名词，如news, mathematics, physics，politics, economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。
His “Selected Poems” was first published in 1965.
他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。
主谓一致高考真题
1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other
purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______
black people.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.
A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn
4. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
5. Such poets as read, of whose works, however,
difficult to understand.
A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are
6. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily
since1990.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
7. The teacher together with the students _______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly
published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
8. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
9. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
10. —Did you go to the show last night?
—invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
11. that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good
for one’s health.
A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are
12.
A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair
13. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.
A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
14. regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
15. also true of the Johnsons.
A. are B. is C. being D. to be
16. to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting
tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
17. The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday
afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going
18. As you can see, the number of cars on roads _______ rising these days.
A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
19. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the
clothing industry.
A. is working B. works C. work D. worked
20. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, the project day and night to meet the
deadline.
A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
21.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
22. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
Keys:
1-5DABCA 6-10CDBAD 11-15 BAADB 16-20 ACCCC 21-25 DB
高中英语语法篇———主谓一致归类 主谓一致的基本原则 主谓一致有以下三条原则： 1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful． 2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。
1.The people in that country are fighting for independence． 2.The crowd deeply respect their leader． 3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time． 3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如： Neither he nor I am going to see the
film tonight because we are busy．
“主语+介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致
按英语习惯，介词短语通常不用作主语，所以当主语后跟有一个介词短语时，其后谓语动词的数只与介词短语前面的主语保持一致，而与介词短语无关。如：
A woman with two children has come.
一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
Everybody but you knows what was happening.
除了你以外，人人都知道出了什么事。
The teacher, together with some of his pupils, was cleaning the room.
教师和他的一些学生一起在打扫教室。
以下两例中的 as well as 也可视为介词，其后谓语与 as well as 前面的主语保持一致：
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
学生和他们的老师出席了会议。
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。
并列结构作主语的主谓一致
1. 就近型：由or, either…or, neither…or, not… but…, not only…but also等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如：
Neither you nor he is tired.
你和他都没累。
Not you but I am to blame.
不是你的错而是我的错。
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。
2. 就远型：由as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如：
The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there.
不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。
3. 复数型：由and和both...and连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语总是用复数。如： (Both) New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
注：当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时，其谓语用单数。另外，当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，其谓语也要用单数。如：
Every man and woman wants to join it.
每个男女都想加入它。
A teacher and poet visited our school the other day.
早几天一位教师诗人参观了我们学校。
时间、距离、金额作主语时的主谓一致
表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以复数。如：
Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长时间。
Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行两千米是一段很长的路程。
Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息。
比较：
Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 这个古币没有10块钱这么高的价格。 Three dollars were paid for the old coin. 那个古钱花了3块钱。
Twenty years is a long time. 20年是一段很长的时间。
Twenty years have passed since they got married. 他们结婚已有20年了。
意义一致的三个典型用法
1. 形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数名词，如the police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。
The police were called in. 警察被召来了。
注：people 作“民族”解时，其单数形式为people，复数形式为peoples，作主语时，应用语法一致原则。如：
The Chinese people is a great people.
中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
56 peoples make up the big family of China.
56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。
2. 主语是指一类人的“the+形容词（或过去分词）”时，谓语动词通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等。另外，像the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称，作主语时，谓语动词也用复数。如：
The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。
The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。
3. 形式上为复数，而意义上却是单数的名词，如news, mathematics, physics，politics, economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。
His “Selected Poems” was first published in 1965.
他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。
主谓一致高考真题
1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other
purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______
black people.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.
A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn
4. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
5. Such poets as read, of whose works, however,
difficult to understand.
A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are
6. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily
since1990.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
7. The teacher together with the students _______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly
published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
8. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
9. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
10. —Did you go to the show last night?
—invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
11. that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good
for one’s health.
A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are
12.
A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair
13. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.
A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
14. regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
15. also true of the Johnsons.
A. are B. is C. being D. to be
16. to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting
tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
17. The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday
afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going
18. As you can see, the number of cars on roads _______ rising these days.
A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
19. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the
clothing industry.
A. is working B. works C. work D. worked
20. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, the project day and night to meet the
deadline.
A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
21.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
22. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
Keys:
1-5DABCA 6-10CDBAD 11-15 BAADB 16-20 ACCCC 21-25 DB