Unit 1 Great Scientist
Listening text 1:
A Great Chinese Scientist
Father of the Chinese space programme
Yu Ping (YP) is talking to her friend Steve Smith (SS) about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist. Part 1
YP: What do you want to be when you grow up, Steve?
SS: I want to be an astronomer and visits stars. I wish to visit Mars one day.
YP: I think I’d like to work in the space industry too. I’d like to be a rocket scientist like Qian Xuesen. SS: What did you have to do to become a rocket scientist?
YP: Well, he first studied at university to be an engineer. Later he went to America to study for his doctor’s
degree. It was then he began to work on rockets.
SS: So it was lucky for out space programme that he came back to China.
YP: Very much so. There was no work on space rockets in China before he began his institute to design and
build rockets to go into space. Part 2
SS: Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of rockets?
YP: I have no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first spacecraft by a Chinese astronaut.
SS: Yes. Now that China has sent satellites into space. I hope we’ll be the first to land on Mars. That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesen’s picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.
YP: Indeed. He is rightfully called the father of the Chinese space programme. He is my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist.
SS: Well, we’d better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university. YP: Right you are. See you, then. SS: See you.
Listening on workbook Listening on P.41:
Naming a Flower
Robert Briggs (RB) is talking to Zhang Wei (ZW) about a new kind of lily he has found. ZW: Hello Robert. What’s that book you are carrying? RB: A book that helps you identify a flower. ZW: I see. Why do you want that?
RB: Well. I’ve found this lily. It looks different to me. So I want to find out if it’s new or not. Our biology teacher told me that if it’s already known, I’d find it in this book. ZW: Wow! So you think you may have found a new lily?
RB: I hope so, but I have to do some research first to find out for sure. ZW: What happens if it’s in the book?
RB: It means that somebody else has found it and named it. Then I’ll know its biological name. ZW: What do you mean by the biological name?
RB: Actually like us a flower has two names. The first is the group of the flowers it belongs to---like a family name. A rose is one such group. The second is the kind of flower ----like a given name. It may describe what the rose looks like; for example, the colour of an autumn sunset. Together you get the flower’s name , which is Rose Autumn Sunset. ZW: Gosh! Who made that system?
RB: A great scientist called Carl Linnaeus. He lived in Sweden from 1707 to 1778. ZW: So long ago!
RB: Yes. And he solved a very serious problem for biology. ZW: What was that?
RB: Before him nobody could tell of a plant was new, as there was no way of checking. There’re so many
plants, you see!
ZW: Yes, I appreciate that! So his system is still used?
RB: Indeed it is. If my flower isn’t in this book, I’ll know that I’ve found a new kind of lily. ZW: That’s great! Can I come and help you? This research sounds fun. RB: Yes. And if I’m lucky …(fading out) Listening on P.44:
A MATHEMATICIAN’S PROBLEM
John Smith (JS) is talking to Zhao Yang (ZY) about a mathematician who interests him. Part 1
JS: Do you know that we’ve been studying Euler in maths? ZY: Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.
JS: Well, he was a famous a mathematician in the eighteenth century. He revised all the pure mathematics that was known in his day.
ZY: That probably wasn’t very much.
JS: You’re wrong there. He wrote more than any other mathematician before or since. ZY: Really! Well, what did he do?
JS: He introduced a lot of symbols into mathematics such as pi(∏) and the terms sine and cosine. ZY: Wow!
JS: And he did half of this work when he was blind. ZY: How did he do that?
JS: He told his ideas to someone else who wrote them down. Part 2
ZY: What were his achievements?
JS: He introduced a new branch of mathematics called topology. It helps you understand things by using diagrams. The subway map is a good example. It doesn’t tell you distances but it shows how stations connect together.
ZY: How did he start topology?
JS: Well, in 1735 he was inspired by a problem in the city of Konigsberg where he lived. Look at the map in your book. Konigsberg had a river running through it. The centre is an island. As the river passes the island, it breaks into two parts. Seven bridges were built over the river. Euler wondered if you could walk around city to that you cross each bridge only once.
ZY: Let me try that. It sounds quite simple to me. JS: Try, but it’s not as easy as it looks.
Part 1
Who are British Citizens?
Liu Lei (LL) is talking with Sarah (S) about British peole. LL: Sarah, did you say that Britain is a multicultural country? S: Yes, I did. We have people from different countries and cultures.
LL: I don’t quite understand. If they come from different countries and cultures, how do you know that they’re British?
S: Well, there are three different groups of British citizens. Let me tell you about the first group. A long time ago Britain ruled many countries. When these countries became independent, their people were given a choice. They could either become British citizens or remain their own country.
LL: Now let me see if I’ve got it right. Did you say that they had to choose which country to belong to? S: Yes, and many chose to remain in their own country, but some wanted to be British and came to Britain. LL: I see. So that’s the first group. Part 2
LL: So what about the second and third groups?
S: Well, the second group’s easy. They’re people with British parents or who were born in Britain. This is the largest number of British citizens. LL: And the third group?
S: They come from other countries. But if a person lives and works in Britain for five years they can become a British citizen.
LL: I see. What if you have black skin?
S: It doesn’t matter what colour your skin is! Many black people came from Caribbean, India or Pakistan to set up small business. They’re all British now. LL: Have they contributed to British Culture?
S: Oh yes, with their music and food, of course! We’ve a new national dish from India called chicken tikka masala. It is now more popular than our traditional national dish of fish and chips. So you can see how truly multicultural we are! Listening on P.52:
Was King James Fair?
A Catholic supporter (CS) is interviewing King James (KJ) to find out why he changed his mind about letting the Catholics practice their religion as they wished. Part 1
CS: Good morning sir. Thank you for coming to talk to me about the attack that was planed for November 6th . It was so lucky you escaped.
KJ: Yes. I was very upset, of course. I couldn’t believe that anyone would want to kill me. What did I ever do to Guy Fawkes and his friends?
CS: But, sir, you ’re the person who caused this problem by changing your mind. First of all you let the Catholics practice their religion safely. Then you said it was no longer allowed. You must have known they
Unit 2 The United Kingdom
Listening text:
Can a royal palace also be a prison?
Zhang Pingyu (ZP) is trying to find out more about history of the Tower of London from a guide (G). Part 1
G: The tower was the home of the king but also a prison. Many important people were kept there. ZP: I beg your pardon? Can you speak more slowly, please? G: Of course. Have you heard of “The Princes in the Tower”? ZP: No, I’m afraid not.
G: These two princes were brothers, called Edward and Richard and they lived six hundred years ago. They came to London, for the older boy to become Edward Ⅴ, After his father, King Edward Ⅳ, died. ZP: I see. How old was he?
G: He was only thirteen years old. His cruel uncle, also called Richard, was supposed to look after them both, but instead he had them killed while they were asleep. ZP: What do you mean? He killed him himself?
G: No. He sent his men to kill them because he wanted to become King Richard Ⅲ. There is a story that on a dark night you can sometimes hear those princes crying.
ZP: You can hear them crying? Really? I thought you said they were killed many years ago. G: Yes, but it’s only a story! Part 2
ZP: Who else came to the Tower as a prisoner?
G: A future queen. In the 1550s Queen Mary sent her sister, Princess Elizabeth, to the Tower as a prisoner. ZP: Strange! Why did she do that?
G: She thought Elizabeth was a traitor. So she sent Elizabeth through a special gate called “ Traitor’s Gate”. That only happened to very bad people.
ZP: I’m sorry I don’t understand. How did Elizabeth become Queen if she was a prisoner?
G: Easy. Her brother and sister both died without children so Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.She tried not to be unfair to others when she was queen. ZP: I’m glad to hear that. Listening on workbook Listening on P.48:
would get upset.
KJ: Please try to understand my difficulty. I thought there were only a few Catholics in the country. CS: Why did you think so?
KJ: Well, because only a few people were put in prison every year for not going to the Protestant church. CS: I see. So you thought these were the only Catholics. KJ: Yes. Part 2
KJ: When I relaxed the law there seemed to be so many Catholics that I felt I had done the wrong thing. I got frightened. I worried that they might want England to be a Catholic country. CS: Does that matter?
KJ: Oh yes. All our friends are Protestant countries and all our enemies are Catholic ones. CS: Mm! Did you ask Fawkes and Catesby if that was what they wanted? KJ: No.
CS: So the attack was planned. Actually you brought about what you wanted to avoid. What did you learn from it?
KJ: I should have talked to the Catholics. If I ’d done that there wouldn ’t have been an attack because they would have been able to explain their point of view peacefully. CS: Thank you, Sir. Goodbye. KJ: Goodbye.
WH: Well, that’s a possibility.
LQ: I wonder if the houses can be made strong enough against the gravity on Mars? WH: Yes, they can. The robots will provide special building material.
LQ: Still life sounds quite uncomfortable. So what’s the advantage of going to live on Mars?
WH: There will be opportunities for scientific work and to look for gold or other metals. So people may become rich or famous.
LQ: How healthy will the people be, I wonder? Listening on workbook Listening on P.55:
Amazing Inventions
Zoe Newman (ZN), a talk-show host on Capital Radio, is interviewing Mr Xiao Feng (XF) about his new inventions. Part 1
ZN: Hello everyone. Today I’m very pleased to have our famous inventor, Mr Xiao Feng, with me. I hear, Mr Xiao, that you’ve invented some really useful things.
XF: Yes, indeed. My first invention is a pair of flying boots operated by a small computer chip. ZN: Flying boots? How do they work?
XF: Having put them on and turned the switch, you rise slightly from the ground and hover. Then you can move swiftly in any direction.
Unit 3 Life in the Future
Listening Text
Can People Really Live Mars?
Li Qiang (LQ) is interviewing Walker Hiller(WH) on the space station about his idea for building a new town called “ Wonderworld” on Mars.
LQ: Well, Mr Hiller! Why did you think of building a new town on Mars?
WH: It sounds astonishing, doesn’t it? I imagine that it’ll be difficult and the atmosphere, gravity, and climate will have to be just like the earth or nobody will travel there. LQ: Can you imagine how that will be achieved?
WH: Yes, I think so. The atmosphere’s too hot and has no oxygen. So people couldn’t breathe Mar’s air and live. We ’ll make a covered area for people to live in with a special air supply.
LQ: Is it likely you can find and use water to keep the climate similar to that on the earth?
WH: Perhaps. We hope there’s water under the planet’s surface. People will have to collect all the used water so it can be cleaned and recycled as rain. Then it can be used again to water plants and crops and provide clean drink water.
LQ: Yes. I suppose everyone will have to put their dirty water in special tanks. Even animals will have to be trained to go to the toilet in special places. WH: Yes, I suppose so.
LQ: So is it likely that bacteria will clean the water?
ZN: Mm! Can they go up or down?
XF: Sorry. They can ’t do that yet. At the moment you can only travel about fifteen centimeters above the ground.
ZN: Well, it should save us buying so many new shoes! Part 2
ZN: What’s your second idea？ XF: It’s a quilt which thinks. ZN: Really?
XF: Well, not really! But it can change its thickness according to the temperature. ZN: How does it do that?
XF: This quilt a tiny sensor and air pump inside. It will make adjustments according to changes in temperature. When the temperature is higher, part of the air inside will come out and the quilt becomes thinner and feels cool in bed. When the temperature is lower, the quilt takes in more air and becomes thicker. As a result, it gives a thick, warm cover for the bed. ZN: Are there any problems with it?
XF: Only one. You must remember to take the sensor out every time you wash it. Otherwise, it will stop working . As long as you are careful…
ZN: (interrupts) Sounds great. Where can I buy one …(fading out) Listening on P.59:
The Dangers of Undersea Living
Li Qiang (LQ) is interviewing the designer of Saturation City, William Lee(WL), about how he saved Saturation City from disaster. Part 1
LQ: What happened?
WL: Well, about three month ago I was doing my monthly check on the gates when I noticed something strange.
LQ: What did you notice?
WL: It was too quiet. When I stepped off the shuttle submarine the air machine should have been making a loud noise but they weren’t.
LQ: So was that your first feeling that something was wrong?
WL: Yes. Then I found that the solid steel gates to the city wouldn’t open. At first I wasn’t too worried as there is a backup system in case things go wrong. When that didn’t work either, I realized that we had two serious problems. Part 2
LQ: Did you tell the families in Saturation City?
WL: No. I examined the air machine to see if I could repair it and almost immediately I found the cause of that problem. LQ: What was it?
WL: A screen broke during an undersea storm and stopped the machine. Luckily I had another screen in my toolbox. Once fixed, the air machine was as good as new. LQ: Did it solve the problem?
WL: Yes, it did. As soon as I repaired the air machine, the gates began to open. Then I went inside to check on the families. They were fine. They hadn’t noticed anything wrong. LQ: And now you have been made a hero?
WL: Yes, but I don’t feel like one. It’s my job to make them feel safer.
LQ: What a modest answer! I think they appreciated your devotion to duty. Thank you and goodbye, Mr Lee, medal holder of the Red Star, First Class!
ZY: This is Zhou Yang from China Daily. I’d like to interview Liu Ming about his decision to play professional tennis abroad.
LW: It’ll be difficult. You know that he is leaving Beijing at the end of this week. ZY: Well, I’m free tomorrow afternoon and all of Wednesday.
LW: OK. Now, let me see … Liu Ming’s going to see his family tomorrow and then talk to some students on Wednesday morning. Then at four o ’clock he’ll go to a special party given by the leaders of our city. What about meeting him in the early afternoon?
ZY: How about over lunch? Our readers will be very interested in his views.
LW: Hmm… I know that he’s very happy about going abroad and hopes to return to China in a few years. Then he wants to improve Chinese tennis. Part 2
ZY: Many of his fans will be sorry not to see him play in person. Watching him on TV is not quite the same. LW: Yes, I understand, But he needs to develop his skills. On TV you can still enjoy his play. ZY: What if he never comes home? We’ll have lost a great sportsman.
LW: I don’t think that he’ll stay abroad. He says that he has no intention of doing that. ZY: I’m glad to hear that. But what if he gets a wonderful offer to stay? LW: I think you’ll have to discuss that with him yourself.
ZY: So will 12 o’clock be OK? Where would be the best place to meet?
LW: Why not meet at the Garden Hotel at 12 o’clock. I’ll put it in his diary for Wednesday so he’s sure to come. ZY: Thank you so much. Goodbye. LW: Goodbye. Listening on workbook Listening on P.62:
A True Story
It is Thursday and Greg(G) has just come home from a radio interview on the “Today ” programme. He is talking to his wife, Susan(S).
S: Hello. I heard you on the radio and it all seemed to go very well.
G: Yes, it did as soon as we got started. But I had a bad time before they phoned me. S: Why? I thought you fixed it up yesterday!
G: Yes, I did. You remember I told you that they didn’t want to phone me at home because the sound effects were better at the BBC radio station here in Reading. S: Yes, I remember.
G: Well, I arrived at the building before 6 am. They were going to ring me in the studio at 6:15 to check that all was well.
S: So what was the problem?
G: When I arrived I found that there was nobody waiting to let me into the building. It had many windows but they were all dark. They reminded me of large, tired eyes. S: Oh dear!
Unit 4 Making the News
Listening Text (P.31)
Can I Help You?
Zhou Yang (ZY) is hoping to interview Liu Ming, a famous tennis player, about his decision to work abroad. So he calls Liu Ming’s assistant, Lily Wong (LW) , to make an appointment. Part 1
(Telephone ringing)
LW: Hello. This is Lily Wong, Liu Ming’s assistant. Can I help you? ZY: Hello, I’d like to speak to Liu Ming please. LW: I’m sorry but he’s busy now. Who’s speaking?
Part 2
G: The building was so tall and old. S: Did you feel frightened?
G: No, but I did get worried. I wondered if I’d got the right day or time and place. S: Did you ring the bell?
G: Yes, I did. It sounded very loud and echoed through the empty rooms. I began to feel anxious. I was sure I must have got things wrong.
S: But you hadn’t. I heard you on the radio.
G: Luckily just at that moment a man appeared and opened studio for me. As soon as I entered the room, the telephone rang. It was the interviewer from the “Today ” programmme.’ S: So all’s well that ends well!
G: Yes, thank goodness. Never was I so relieved to see anyone! I really thought I was going to miss the programme. But once I was on the air everything was fine. Listening on P.66:
The Importance of Eyewitness
Zhou Yang(ZY) and his photographer Fred Smith(FS) are talking about a story that they are going to cover. Part 1
FS: Have you heard? We’re going to Moscow to cover the international football match tomorrow. I’m getting my camera ready. Isn’t it exciting?
ZY: Yes, and it’s the Chinese national team against the Russians.
FS: I think that China will win, don’t you? The team did well against Mexico last month. ZY: Did you go to that match?
FS: No, but I went to the one when Britain played Turkey in Beijing. That was a good match, but something unpleasant happened. ZY: What happened?
FS: Well, our British fans were not happy that their team lost. They became more upset when the Turkish fans began calling them rude names. I wondered what would happen and started taking photos. ZY: What did happen?
FS: The Turkish fans started throwing bottles. I kept taking my photos as evidence. Part 2
ZY: Did the police come?
FS: Yes, but by the time they came it was serious. They were fighting each other. It was terrible. ZY: How did it end?
FS: Well, the police took them to the police station. They accused the British fans of starting the fight because they had lost the match. And the British fans have a bad reputation for fighting. But I was able to put them right. Not only was I an eyewitness but I had my photographs as evidence too. ZY: Gosh! So it was lucky you were there.
FS: Yes, and that I had my camera with me. Without it I wouldn’t have been able to show the police they were
wrong. So you see why it’s important to be on the spot when something happens. ZY: Yes. You’re able to get the right end of the stick. Did you give a statement to a police? FS: Yes, I did. I helped many British fans free.
Unit 5 First Aid
Listening Text:
A First Aid Quiz
The first aid teacher(T) is testing his students ’ knowledge of firs aid. Listen to her questions and her students ’ answer.
T= Teacher S=Sarah P=Peter R=Rachel J=Jim G=Gary Part 1
T: We’ve looked at several first aid treatments. Now let’s see just what you can remember. OK. Let’s say Lucy has a nosebleed. What should she do, Sarah?
S: Sit down and bend forward slightly. Squeeze her nose just below the bridge until the bleeding stops. T: Why should she learn forward?
P: So she gets the blood all over the floor instead of on her clothes. (everyone laughs) T: Very funny, Peter. Rachel?
R: So the blood runs out of her nose and not down her throat. If you swallow blood you might be sick. (everyone groans) T: That’s right. Part 2
T: OK, next situation. What should you do if someone’s clothes are on fire? Jim?
J: Stop him from running around, as that makes clothes burn faster. Tell him to drop to the floor and cover him up tightly with some thick cloth. T: And then what?
J: Roll him on the ground until the fire goes out. Then treat him for burns. T: Good. Part 3
T: OK, what about this one? What if your friend got a piece of food caught in his throat and he’s choking? Gary?
G: Nothing. But if he can ’t cough, I ’d bend him forwards and give him four quick hard slaps between his shoulders blades with my hand. T: Yes, that should do the trick. Part 4
T: Now Peter, what if Ben badly sprained his ankle playing football?
P: I’d get him to sit down and put some ice on his ankle to reduce the swelling. Then I’d tell him to put his foot up on a chair. Then I’d bandage up his ankle tightly.
T: Great. Now let’s talk about snake bites. What if a snake bites you? P: Bite it back! (everyone laughs)
T: Thank you, Peter. (said with amused tolerance) Now the first thing to remember is …(fading out) Listening on P.69:
An Emergency Call
Mrs Grant(G) is ringing the emergency number. Her daughter has had a accident in the kitchen and is unconscious. Listen to the phone conversation with the operator(O). O: Emergency. Can I help you?
G: You’ve got to help me ---my daughter’s had an accident. I don’t know what to do. O: Now calm down. Tell me your name and phone number----slowly. G: Ummm--- Sarah Grant. Oh, you’ve got to send an ambulance now. O: Yes, I will. Now take a deep breath and tell me your phone number. G: Yes, Yes--- 61619486
O: Good. Now tell me what happened.
G: Well. My daughter was standing on a table in the kitchen and was reaching up to the top cupboard and she fell. Now she ’s on the floor. Her leg looks strange--- maybe it ’s broken. And she hit her head---she ’s unconscious. I’ve shouted at her but she won’t wake up. Oh, please hurry. O: Yes, we will----
G: Oh thank you, thank you. Goodbye----
O: (interrupts) No, no don’t hang up---we need your address. G: Oh, sorry, I’m just so worried. It’s 12 Loft Street, East Horton. O: OK. 12 Loft Street, East Horton? G: Yes, yes! Please be quick. O: Right. The ambulance on its way. G: Thanks so much. Goodbye. O: Goodbye. Listening on P.75: Rescue Breathing
A first aid teacher is revising rescue breathing with her class. T=teacher L=Lucy P=Peter E=Eileen Part 1
T: Now class, what must we do before rescue breathing? L: We must check if the person is unconscious. T: How do we do that?
L: We shake them. If there’s no movement we know he or she is unconscious. T: Yes, that’s right, Lucy. Anything else?
P: We can also ask simple questions like “What ’s your name?” or “Open your eyes please!”
T: Exactly right, Peter. If the person doesn’t move or answer then they’re unconscious. Now how do we put the person in a recovery position?
E: I know this. First, you put one arm against out on the ground and bend the other arm across the chest.
Second, you roll the person over onto their side. Third, bend the near leg up. T: Excellent, Eileen. What do you do to the head?
E: You tilt the head backwards and turn the face downwards a bit. T: Why?
E: To let any liquid run out of mouth and allow the tongue to fall forward. T: Good, Eileen.
T: Now what’s next, Peter?
P: We must clear the airway from the mouth to the lungs. We can use our fingers inside the mouth. T: Why?
P: So we can check for breathing by seeing if the chest is rising and falling. Part 2 T: And
P: And we put our cheek close to the face to feel if there’s any air coming from these nose or mouth. T: Well done, Peter. But what if the person isn’t breathing? L: You must start rescue breathing. T: That’s right, Lucy. What should we do?
L: Roll the person onto their back. Tilt the head back. Squeeze the nose to stop air coming out. Place your mouth over the person’s mouth. Blow into the mouth for up to two seconds. Watch the chest rise and fall. Take another breath and blow into her mouth again. T: How long should we do this?
L: About 15 breaths a minute. After about a minute check the pulse and breathing again. Continue this process until the person breathes or medical help arrives. T: What would you do if breathing begins?
L: Put the person in the recovery position. If there’s no breathing then continue breathing for them. T: Well done, all of you. You remembered very well.
Unit 1 Great Scientist
Listening text 1:
A Great Chinese Scientist
Father of the Chinese space programme
Yu Ping (YP) is talking to her friend Steve Smith (SS) about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist. Part 1
YP: What do you want to be when you grow up, Steve?
SS: I want to be an astronomer and visits stars. I wish to visit Mars one day.
YP: I think I’d like to work in the space industry too. I’d like to be a rocket scientist like Qian Xuesen. SS: What did you have to do to become a rocket scientist?
YP: Well, he first studied at university to be an engineer. Later he went to America to study for his doctor’s
degree. It was then he began to work on rockets.
SS: So it was lucky for out space programme that he came back to China.
YP: Very much so. There was no work on space rockets in China before he began his institute to design and
build rockets to go into space. Part 2
SS: Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of rockets?
YP: I have no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first spacecraft by a Chinese astronaut.
SS: Yes. Now that China has sent satellites into space. I hope we’ll be the first to land on Mars. That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesen’s picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.
YP: Indeed. He is rightfully called the father of the Chinese space programme. He is my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist.
SS: Well, we’d better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university. YP: Right you are. See you, then. SS: See you.
Listening on workbook Listening on P.41:
Naming a Flower
Robert Briggs (RB) is talking to Zhang Wei (ZW) about a new kind of lily he has found. ZW: Hello Robert. What’s that book you are carrying? RB: A book that helps you identify a flower. ZW: I see. Why do you want that?
RB: Well. I’ve found this lily. It looks different to me. So I want to find out if it’s new or not. Our biology teacher told me that if it’s already known, I’d find it in this book. ZW: Wow! So you think you may have found a new lily?
RB: I hope so, but I have to do some research first to find out for sure. ZW: What happens if it’s in the book?
RB: It means that somebody else has found it and named it. Then I’ll know its biological name. ZW: What do you mean by the biological name?
RB: Actually like us a flower has two names. The first is the group of the flowers it belongs to---like a family name. A rose is one such group. The second is the kind of flower ----like a given name. It may describe what the rose looks like; for example, the colour of an autumn sunset. Together you get the flower’s name , which is Rose Autumn Sunset. ZW: Gosh! Who made that system?
RB: A great scientist called Carl Linnaeus. He lived in Sweden from 1707 to 1778. ZW: So long ago!
RB: Yes. And he solved a very serious problem for biology. ZW: What was that?
RB: Before him nobody could tell of a plant was new, as there was no way of checking. There’re so many
plants, you see!
ZW: Yes, I appreciate that! So his system is still used?
RB: Indeed it is. If my flower isn’t in this book, I’ll know that I’ve found a new kind of lily. ZW: That’s great! Can I come and help you? This research sounds fun. RB: Yes. And if I’m lucky …(fading out) Listening on P.44:
A MATHEMATICIAN’S PROBLEM
John Smith (JS) is talking to Zhao Yang (ZY) about a mathematician who interests him. Part 1
JS: Do you know that we’ve been studying Euler in maths? ZY: Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.
JS: Well, he was a famous a mathematician in the eighteenth century. He revised all the pure mathematics that was known in his day.
ZY: That probably wasn’t very much.
JS: You’re wrong there. He wrote more than any other mathematician before or since. ZY: Really! Well, what did he do?
JS: He introduced a lot of symbols into mathematics such as pi(∏) and the terms sine and cosine. ZY: Wow!
JS: And he did half of this work when he was blind. ZY: How did he do that?
JS: He told his ideas to someone else who wrote them down. Part 2
ZY: What were his achievements?
JS: He introduced a new branch of mathematics called topology. It helps you understand things by using diagrams. The subway map is a good example. It doesn’t tell you distances but it shows how stations connect together.
ZY: How did he start topology?
JS: Well, in 1735 he was inspired by a problem in the city of Konigsberg where he lived. Look at the map in your book. Konigsberg had a river running through it. The centre is an island. As the river passes the island, it breaks into two parts. Seven bridges were built over the river. Euler wondered if you could walk around city to that you cross each bridge only once.
ZY: Let me try that. It sounds quite simple to me. JS: Try, but it’s not as easy as it looks.
Part 1
Who are British Citizens?
Liu Lei (LL) is talking with Sarah (S) about British peole. LL: Sarah, did you say that Britain is a multicultural country? S: Yes, I did. We have people from different countries and cultures.
LL: I don’t quite understand. If they come from different countries and cultures, how do you know that they’re British?
S: Well, there are three different groups of British citizens. Let me tell you about the first group. A long time ago Britain ruled many countries. When these countries became independent, their people were given a choice. They could either become British citizens or remain their own country.
LL: Now let me see if I’ve got it right. Did you say that they had to choose which country to belong to? S: Yes, and many chose to remain in their own country, but some wanted to be British and came to Britain. LL: I see. So that’s the first group. Part 2
LL: So what about the second and third groups?
S: Well, the second group’s easy. They’re people with British parents or who were born in Britain. This is the largest number of British citizens. LL: And the third group?
S: They come from other countries. But if a person lives and works in Britain for five years they can become a British citizen.
LL: I see. What if you have black skin?
S: It doesn’t matter what colour your skin is! Many black people came from Caribbean, India or Pakistan to set up small business. They’re all British now. LL: Have they contributed to British Culture?
S: Oh yes, with their music and food, of course! We’ve a new national dish from India called chicken tikka masala. It is now more popular than our traditional national dish of fish and chips. So you can see how truly multicultural we are! Listening on P.52:
Was King James Fair?
A Catholic supporter (CS) is interviewing King James (KJ) to find out why he changed his mind about letting the Catholics practice their religion as they wished. Part 1
CS: Good morning sir. Thank you for coming to talk to me about the attack that was planed for November 6th . It was so lucky you escaped.
KJ: Yes. I was very upset, of course. I couldn’t believe that anyone would want to kill me. What did I ever do to Guy Fawkes and his friends?
CS: But, sir, you ’re the person who caused this problem by changing your mind. First of all you let the Catholics practice their religion safely. Then you said it was no longer allowed. You must have known they
Unit 2 The United Kingdom
Listening text:
Can a royal palace also be a prison?
Zhang Pingyu (ZP) is trying to find out more about history of the Tower of London from a guide (G). Part 1
G: The tower was the home of the king but also a prison. Many important people were kept there. ZP: I beg your pardon? Can you speak more slowly, please? G: Of course. Have you heard of “The Princes in the Tower”? ZP: No, I’m afraid not.
G: These two princes were brothers, called Edward and Richard and they lived six hundred years ago. They came to London, for the older boy to become Edward Ⅴ, After his father, King Edward Ⅳ, died. ZP: I see. How old was he?
G: He was only thirteen years old. His cruel uncle, also called Richard, was supposed to look after them both, but instead he had them killed while they were asleep. ZP: What do you mean? He killed him himself?
G: No. He sent his men to kill them because he wanted to become King Richard Ⅲ. There is a story that on a dark night you can sometimes hear those princes crying.
ZP: You can hear them crying? Really? I thought you said they were killed many years ago. G: Yes, but it’s only a story! Part 2
ZP: Who else came to the Tower as a prisoner?
G: A future queen. In the 1550s Queen Mary sent her sister, Princess Elizabeth, to the Tower as a prisoner. ZP: Strange! Why did she do that?
G: She thought Elizabeth was a traitor. So she sent Elizabeth through a special gate called “ Traitor’s Gate”. That only happened to very bad people.
ZP: I’m sorry I don’t understand. How did Elizabeth become Queen if she was a prisoner?
G: Easy. Her brother and sister both died without children so Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.She tried not to be unfair to others when she was queen. ZP: I’m glad to hear that. Listening on workbook Listening on P.48:
would get upset.
KJ: Please try to understand my difficulty. I thought there were only a few Catholics in the country. CS: Why did you think so?
KJ: Well, because only a few people were put in prison every year for not going to the Protestant church. CS: I see. So you thought these were the only Catholics. KJ: Yes. Part 2
KJ: When I relaxed the law there seemed to be so many Catholics that I felt I had done the wrong thing. I got frightened. I worried that they might want England to be a Catholic country. CS: Does that matter?
KJ: Oh yes. All our friends are Protestant countries and all our enemies are Catholic ones. CS: Mm! Did you ask Fawkes and Catesby if that was what they wanted? KJ: No.
CS: So the attack was planned. Actually you brought about what you wanted to avoid. What did you learn from it?
KJ: I should have talked to the Catholics. If I ’d done that there wouldn ’t have been an attack because they would have been able to explain their point of view peacefully. CS: Thank you, Sir. Goodbye. KJ: Goodbye.
WH: Well, that’s a possibility.
LQ: I wonder if the houses can be made strong enough against the gravity on Mars? WH: Yes, they can. The robots will provide special building material.
LQ: Still life sounds quite uncomfortable. So what’s the advantage of going to live on Mars?
WH: There will be opportunities for scientific work and to look for gold or other metals. So people may become rich or famous.
LQ: How healthy will the people be, I wonder? Listening on workbook Listening on P.55:
Amazing Inventions
Zoe Newman (ZN), a talk-show host on Capital Radio, is interviewing Mr Xiao Feng (XF) about his new inventions. Part 1
ZN: Hello everyone. Today I’m very pleased to have our famous inventor, Mr Xiao Feng, with me. I hear, Mr Xiao, that you’ve invented some really useful things.
XF: Yes, indeed. My first invention is a pair of flying boots operated by a small computer chip. ZN: Flying boots? How do they work?
XF: Having put them on and turned the switch, you rise slightly from the ground and hover. Then you can move swiftly in any direction.
Unit 3 Life in the Future
Listening Text
Can People Really Live Mars?
Li Qiang (LQ) is interviewing Walker Hiller(WH) on the space station about his idea for building a new town called “ Wonderworld” on Mars.
LQ: Well, Mr Hiller! Why did you think of building a new town on Mars?
WH: It sounds astonishing, doesn’t it? I imagine that it’ll be difficult and the atmosphere, gravity, and climate will have to be just like the earth or nobody will travel there. LQ: Can you imagine how that will be achieved?
WH: Yes, I think so. The atmosphere’s too hot and has no oxygen. So people couldn’t breathe Mar’s air and live. We ’ll make a covered area for people to live in with a special air supply.
LQ: Is it likely you can find and use water to keep the climate similar to that on the earth?
WH: Perhaps. We hope there’s water under the planet’s surface. People will have to collect all the used water so it can be cleaned and recycled as rain. Then it can be used again to water plants and crops and provide clean drink water.
LQ: Yes. I suppose everyone will have to put their dirty water in special tanks. Even animals will have to be trained to go to the toilet in special places. WH: Yes, I suppose so.
LQ: So is it likely that bacteria will clean the water?
ZN: Mm! Can they go up or down?
XF: Sorry. They can ’t do that yet. At the moment you can only travel about fifteen centimeters above the ground.
ZN: Well, it should save us buying so many new shoes! Part 2
ZN: What’s your second idea？ XF: It’s a quilt which thinks. ZN: Really?
XF: Well, not really! But it can change its thickness according to the temperature. ZN: How does it do that?
XF: This quilt a tiny sensor and air pump inside. It will make adjustments according to changes in temperature. When the temperature is higher, part of the air inside will come out and the quilt becomes thinner and feels cool in bed. When the temperature is lower, the quilt takes in more air and becomes thicker. As a result, it gives a thick, warm cover for the bed. ZN: Are there any problems with it?
XF: Only one. You must remember to take the sensor out every time you wash it. Otherwise, it will stop working . As long as you are careful…
ZN: (interrupts) Sounds great. Where can I buy one …(fading out) Listening on P.59:
The Dangers of Undersea Living
Li Qiang (LQ) is interviewing the designer of Saturation City, William Lee(WL), about how he saved Saturation City from disaster. Part 1
LQ: What happened?
WL: Well, about three month ago I was doing my monthly check on the gates when I noticed something strange.
LQ: What did you notice?
WL: It was too quiet. When I stepped off the shuttle submarine the air machine should have been making a loud noise but they weren’t.
LQ: So was that your first feeling that something was wrong?
WL: Yes. Then I found that the solid steel gates to the city wouldn’t open. At first I wasn’t too worried as there is a backup system in case things go wrong. When that didn’t work either, I realized that we had two serious problems. Part 2
LQ: Did you tell the families in Saturation City?
WL: No. I examined the air machine to see if I could repair it and almost immediately I found the cause of that problem. LQ: What was it?
WL: A screen broke during an undersea storm and stopped the machine. Luckily I had another screen in my toolbox. Once fixed, the air machine was as good as new. LQ: Did it solve the problem?
WL: Yes, it did. As soon as I repaired the air machine, the gates began to open. Then I went inside to check on the families. They were fine. They hadn’t noticed anything wrong. LQ: And now you have been made a hero?
WL: Yes, but I don’t feel like one. It’s my job to make them feel safer.
LQ: What a modest answer! I think they appreciated your devotion to duty. Thank you and goodbye, Mr Lee, medal holder of the Red Star, First Class!
ZY: This is Zhou Yang from China Daily. I’d like to interview Liu Ming about his decision to play professional tennis abroad.
LW: It’ll be difficult. You know that he is leaving Beijing at the end of this week. ZY: Well, I’m free tomorrow afternoon and all of Wednesday.
LW: OK. Now, let me see … Liu Ming’s going to see his family tomorrow and then talk to some students on Wednesday morning. Then at four o ’clock he’ll go to a special party given by the leaders of our city. What about meeting him in the early afternoon?
ZY: How about over lunch? Our readers will be very interested in his views.
LW: Hmm… I know that he’s very happy about going abroad and hopes to return to China in a few years. Then he wants to improve Chinese tennis. Part 2
ZY: Many of his fans will be sorry not to see him play in person. Watching him on TV is not quite the same. LW: Yes, I understand, But he needs to develop his skills. On TV you can still enjoy his play. ZY: What if he never comes home? We’ll have lost a great sportsman.
LW: I don’t think that he’ll stay abroad. He says that he has no intention of doing that. ZY: I’m glad to hear that. But what if he gets a wonderful offer to stay? LW: I think you’ll have to discuss that with him yourself.
ZY: So will 12 o’clock be OK? Where would be the best place to meet?
LW: Why not meet at the Garden Hotel at 12 o’clock. I’ll put it in his diary for Wednesday so he’s sure to come. ZY: Thank you so much. Goodbye. LW: Goodbye. Listening on workbook Listening on P.62:
A True Story
It is Thursday and Greg(G) has just come home from a radio interview on the “Today ” programme. He is talking to his wife, Susan(S).
S: Hello. I heard you on the radio and it all seemed to go very well.
G: Yes, it did as soon as we got started. But I had a bad time before they phoned me. S: Why? I thought you fixed it up yesterday!
G: Yes, I did. You remember I told you that they didn’t want to phone me at home because the sound effects were better at the BBC radio station here in Reading. S: Yes, I remember.
G: Well, I arrived at the building before 6 am. They were going to ring me in the studio at 6:15 to check that all was well.
S: So what was the problem?
G: When I arrived I found that there was nobody waiting to let me into the building. It had many windows but they were all dark. They reminded me of large, tired eyes. S: Oh dear!
Unit 4 Making the News
Listening Text (P.31)
Can I Help You?
Zhou Yang (ZY) is hoping to interview Liu Ming, a famous tennis player, about his decision to work abroad. So he calls Liu Ming’s assistant, Lily Wong (LW) , to make an appointment. Part 1
(Telephone ringing)
LW: Hello. This is Lily Wong, Liu Ming’s assistant. Can I help you? ZY: Hello, I’d like to speak to Liu Ming please. LW: I’m sorry but he’s busy now. Who’s speaking?
Part 2
G: The building was so tall and old. S: Did you feel frightened?
G: No, but I did get worried. I wondered if I’d got the right day or time and place. S: Did you ring the bell?
G: Yes, I did. It sounded very loud and echoed through the empty rooms. I began to feel anxious. I was sure I must have got things wrong.
S: But you hadn’t. I heard you on the radio.
G: Luckily just at that moment a man appeared and opened studio for me. As soon as I entered the room, the telephone rang. It was the interviewer from the “Today ” programmme.’ S: So all’s well that ends well!
G: Yes, thank goodness. Never was I so relieved to see anyone! I really thought I was going to miss the programme. But once I was on the air everything was fine. Listening on P.66:
The Importance of Eyewitness
Zhou Yang(ZY) and his photographer Fred Smith(FS) are talking about a story that they are going to cover. Part 1
FS: Have you heard? We’re going to Moscow to cover the international football match tomorrow. I’m getting my camera ready. Isn’t it exciting?
ZY: Yes, and it’s the Chinese national team against the Russians.
FS: I think that China will win, don’t you? The team did well against Mexico last month. ZY: Did you go to that match?
FS: No, but I went to the one when Britain played Turkey in Beijing. That was a good match, but something unpleasant happened. ZY: What happened?
FS: Well, our British fans were not happy that their team lost. They became more upset when the Turkish fans began calling them rude names. I wondered what would happen and started taking photos. ZY: What did happen?
FS: The Turkish fans started throwing bottles. I kept taking my photos as evidence. Part 2
ZY: Did the police come?
FS: Yes, but by the time they came it was serious. They were fighting each other. It was terrible. ZY: How did it end?
FS: Well, the police took them to the police station. They accused the British fans of starting the fight because they had lost the match. And the British fans have a bad reputation for fighting. But I was able to put them right. Not only was I an eyewitness but I had my photographs as evidence too. ZY: Gosh! So it was lucky you were there.
FS: Yes, and that I had my camera with me. Without it I wouldn’t have been able to show the police they were
wrong. So you see why it’s important to be on the spot when something happens. ZY: Yes. You’re able to get the right end of the stick. Did you give a statement to a police? FS: Yes, I did. I helped many British fans free.
Unit 5 First Aid
Listening Text:
A First Aid Quiz
The first aid teacher(T) is testing his students ’ knowledge of firs aid. Listen to her questions and her students ’ answer.
T= Teacher S=Sarah P=Peter R=Rachel J=Jim G=Gary Part 1
T: We’ve looked at several first aid treatments. Now let’s see just what you can remember. OK. Let’s say Lucy has a nosebleed. What should she do, Sarah?
S: Sit down and bend forward slightly. Squeeze her nose just below the bridge until the bleeding stops. T: Why should she learn forward?
P: So she gets the blood all over the floor instead of on her clothes. (everyone laughs) T: Very funny, Peter. Rachel?
R: So the blood runs out of her nose and not down her throat. If you swallow blood you might be sick. (everyone groans) T: That’s right. Part 2
T: OK, next situation. What should you do if someone’s clothes are on fire? Jim?
J: Stop him from running around, as that makes clothes burn faster. Tell him to drop to the floor and cover him up tightly with some thick cloth. T: And then what?
J: Roll him on the ground until the fire goes out. Then treat him for burns. T: Good. Part 3
T: OK, what about this one? What if your friend got a piece of food caught in his throat and he’s choking? Gary?
G: Nothing. But if he can ’t cough, I ’d bend him forwards and give him four quick hard slaps between his shoulders blades with my hand. T: Yes, that should do the trick. Part 4
T: Now Peter, what if Ben badly sprained his ankle playing football?
P: I’d get him to sit down and put some ice on his ankle to reduce the swelling. Then I’d tell him to put his foot up on a chair. Then I’d bandage up his ankle tightly.
T: Great. Now let’s talk about snake bites. What if a snake bites you? P: Bite it back! (everyone laughs)
T: Thank you, Peter. (said with amused tolerance) Now the first thing to remember is …(fading out) Listening on P.69:
An Emergency Call
Mrs Grant(G) is ringing the emergency number. Her daughter has had a accident in the kitchen and is unconscious. Listen to the phone conversation with the operator(O). O: Emergency. Can I help you?
G: You’ve got to help me ---my daughter’s had an accident. I don’t know what to do. O: Now calm down. Tell me your name and phone number----slowly. G: Ummm--- Sarah Grant. Oh, you’ve got to send an ambulance now. O: Yes, I will. Now take a deep breath and tell me your phone number. G: Yes, Yes--- 61619486
O: Good. Now tell me what happened.
G: Well. My daughter was standing on a table in the kitchen and was reaching up to the top cupboard and she fell. Now she ’s on the floor. Her leg looks strange--- maybe it ’s broken. And she hit her head---she ’s unconscious. I’ve shouted at her but she won’t wake up. Oh, please hurry. O: Yes, we will----
G: Oh thank you, thank you. Goodbye----
O: (interrupts) No, no don’t hang up---we need your address. G: Oh, sorry, I’m just so worried. It’s 12 Loft Street, East Horton. O: OK. 12 Loft Street, East Horton? G: Yes, yes! Please be quick. O: Right. The ambulance on its way. G: Thanks so much. Goodbye. O: Goodbye. Listening on P.75: Rescue Breathing
A first aid teacher is revising rescue breathing with her class. T=teacher L=Lucy P=Peter E=Eileen Part 1
T: Now class, what must we do before rescue breathing? L: We must check if the person is unconscious. T: How do we do that?
L: We shake them. If there’s no movement we know he or she is unconscious. T: Yes, that’s right, Lucy. Anything else?
P: We can also ask simple questions like “What ’s your name?” or “Open your eyes please!”
T: Exactly right, Peter. If the person doesn’t move or answer then they’re unconscious. Now how do we put the person in a recovery position?
E: I know this. First, you put one arm against out on the ground and bend the other arm across the chest.
Second, you roll the person over onto their side. Third, bend the near leg up. T: Excellent, Eileen. What do you do to the head?
E: You tilt the head backwards and turn the face downwards a bit. T: Why?
E: To let any liquid run out of mouth and allow the tongue to fall forward. T: Good, Eileen.
T: Now what’s next, Peter?
P: We must clear the airway from the mouth to the lungs. We can use our fingers inside the mouth. T: Why?
P: So we can check for breathing by seeing if the chest is rising and falling. Part 2 T: And
P: And we put our cheek close to the face to feel if there’s any air coming from these nose or mouth. T: Well done, Peter. But what if the person isn’t breathing? L: You must start rescue breathing. T: That’s right, Lucy. What should we do?
L: Roll the person onto their back. Tilt the head back. Squeeze the nose to stop air coming out. Place your mouth over the person’s mouth. Blow into the mouth for up to two seconds. Watch the chest rise and fall. Take another breath and blow into her mouth again. T: How long should we do this?
L: About 15 breaths a minute. After about a minute check the pulse and breathing again. Continue this process until the person breathes or medical help arrives. T: What would you do if breathing begins?
L: Put the person in the recovery position. If there’s no breathing then continue breathing for them. T: Well done, all of you. You remembered very well.