大庆现代农业现状
The Modern Agriculture Conditions of DAQING City
为支持大庆市加快发展棚室经济建设，配合大庆市委市政府各区县引进现代化农业企业，在相关主管部门的支持下，经过现场调研，总结了以下材料，供贵公司参考，并欢迎行业专家批评指正。
To support the development of the green house industry of Daqing City, and to help the government and the city attract more investment from the tier one international modern agriculture corporations, I collected some basic information for your reference to the decision making that weather you setup a visit trip to Daqing City.
目 录 Contents
一、 概述 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 3
二、 大庆经济简介 Daqing Economy Briefs .......................................................................... 3
三、 产业政策 Industry Policy ................................................................................................ 4
四、 大庆地理位置和气候条件 The Geographical and Climate Features ........................... 6
五、 棚室技术现状和规模 Current Conditions of the Techniques and Scale of the Green
House Based Agriculture Industry .................................................................................................... 8
六、 主要作物与市场价格 Main crops and market price ................................................... 10
七、 大庆林甸县温泉和温泉农业 The Spring and Spring agriculture at Lindian County .. 12
八、 相关企业现状 Current Conditions of Relevant Companies. ......................................... 13
九、 相关技术发展状况 Relevant Techniques Conditions ................................................... 14
十、 交通物流 Communication and Logistics ....................................................................... 15
十一、 人力资源 Human Resources ...................................................................................... 16
十二、 本地居民购买力简析 Local Purchasing Power Briefs ........................................... 16
十三、 科研教学资源 University and Research Institute Resources .................................... 17
十四、 大庆综述 Synthesize ................................................................................................. 18
十五、 可能的合作方式 Possible Business model ............................................................... 19
十六、 来大庆考察的安排建议 Suggested Schedule ........................................................... 20
一、 概述 Abstract
对于拥有技术和现金储备的现代农业企业，无论是在农业生产、农业技术、农产品分销、农业设施供应等方面具有国际化竞争优势，您都有必要考虑，2011年是否是进入中国市场。大庆，作为中国的石油城（相当于全球视角下的中东地区），其现代农业的发展潜力巨大，尤其在政策强力支撑下，2011及未来5年，大庆市可能成为东北亚地区现代农业基地。
To modern agricultural corporations with good techniques and cash flows, either high-lighted by your agriculture production, or your techniques, or your distribution channel, or your facility products, we all strongly suggest you to seriously consider whether it’s right time to invest in China.
Daqing City, being called “the City of Oil”in China, (just like the mid-east area from the global view), has large business potentials on modern agriculture industry, and under the guidance and strong support from the government, in 2011 and the 5 years afterwards. Daqing City is highly expected to be a modern agriculture base in the east-north of Asia area.
二、 大庆经济简介 Daqing Economy Briefs
2010年，大庆全市实现地区生产总值2900亿元、增长12%，居全国百强城市第19位。 Daqing’s total production value in 2010 was 290 billion RMB with an increase of 12% compared to 2009, 19th in the chart of China.
大庆是石油之城，2010年实现增加值1500亿元、增长1.8%，石油产量约占中国的一半。 Daqing is the City of Oil, oil production value if 150 billion RMB with an increase of 1.8%, the production is about 50% of the total oil production of China.
大庆农业发展迅速，2010年启动建设林甸四季青温泉果蔬基地、大同八井子现代农业主题观光园、红骥牧场农业特色风情园等设施农业项目，全市棚室4.8万栋，设施农业实现收入25亿元。
The agriculture industry is developing fast although backward relatively. In 2010, a few projects were successfully setup, including a spring green house base at Lindian county, a modern agriculture theme park at Datong District, and a agriculture harvesting part at Hongji livestock farm. All together, Daqing has developed green house about 31 square kilometers, with a total production value of 2.5 billion RMB in 2010.
大庆金融活跃，2010年全市各项贷款余额410亿元、新增贷款86亿元。
The finance activities of Daqing city is prospected, with a total loan of 41 billion RMB, and a new increased loan of 8.6 billion RMB in the year of 2010.
过去五年，城镇居民人均可支配收入由13662元提高到20016元，农民人均纯收入2723元提高到8045元。大庆成为全国42个相对富裕城市之一。
In the past 5 years, the average income of the citizens has been increased from 13,662 to 20016, and that of farmers from 2,723 to 8,045 RMB. Daqing City is one of the 42 relatively wealthy cities in China.
大庆土地资源储备充裕，面积大，用地限制少，多为盐碱地废弃地，用地价格低。 大庆水资源丰富，号称“天然百湖之城”。
Daqing has abundant cultivated plant area and natural prairies (more than 6000 square kilometers) and lakes. Agriculture and stock raise industry are the most important industry after oil industry.
大庆电力资源量足价廉。全市有12户发电企业，农业用电一般在0.443元到0.81元/度。 Daqing’s electricity power is plentiful and the price is good (0.443 to 0.81RMB for each KWh). 大庆天然气丰富，价格在2.1到2.4元/立方米。
Daqing has plenty of natural gas, with a competitive price of 2.1 to 2.4 RMB per cubic meter. 大庆地热资源前景可观。大庆是国内罕见的大规模地热富集区，静态储量达3000亿立方米，而且水源充足， 埋藏深度仅在1400—2000米之间；地热水出口温度在40℃—90℃之间；水质优良，水中含有锌、硒、钙等20多种对人体有益的微量元素。
Daqing has an amazing preservation of underground heat and water, with a static reserve of 300 billion cubic meters, buried in the depth of between 1,400 to 2,000 meters, with a temperature between 40 to 90℃. At the same time, the water test report shows that the warm spring water can erupt automatically from wells and it is also fit for human body health.
三、 产业政策 Industry Policy
图表 1 实施中的棚室农业区 Green house area under construction
2011年1月7日，大庆市委《关于加快发展棚室经济推进“菜篮子”工程建设的决定》，提出了三年内，把大庆建设成为东北最大、国内一流的棚室蔬菜生产供应基地。其目的包括：
On Jan 7th, 2011, Daqing city government released a document named the Decision of Strongly Support the Development of Green House Based Agriculture, in which, it indicates that the government will make Daqing city the biggest green house agriculture base in the north and east area of China in the coming 3 years, the aim of the program including:
1． 促进农民增收、缩小城乡差距；
To increase the farmer’s revenue, reduce the gap of the revenue between the
citizens and farmers.
2． 转变农业生产方式、推进新农村建设；
To upgrade the production style, push forward the construction of new county
agriculture production system.
3． 发展现代农业，形成独具特色的产业优势；
To develop modern agriculture, strengthen the advantage of Daqing’s
competitiveness and characteristics.
4． 到2013年，棚室总量达到30万栋。
To construct 200 square kilo-meters green house before the end of 2013.
5． 在2011年内，五区四县将完成招商任务1万栋到1.5万栋不等。
In 2011, 5 districts and 4 counties in Daqing city will construct 6 to 10 square
kilo-meters green house respectively.
具体招商政策分为市级的政策和在此基础上的各区县的政策，分两类，第一类是标准政策，针对一般规模企业和农户；
Detailed business policy is released by city government and county government at the same time, including two classes, one is standard policy targeting on normal scaled business.
标准政策中，以资金支持为主，包括：
● 对于666平方米/栋的“43”型温室，企业或者农户投资一栋，市里支持1万元，
各区县支持0.5万元或更多；
● 银行贷款，政府提供50%的3年贷款贴息；
● 政府提供指定区域内的水、电、路、讯等基础设施建设。
The standard policy is mainly carried out through a method of financial support, including:
1. For each investment on the 43 model with 666 square meters, the city government supports
10,000 RMB, and county government 5,000 RMB or more.
2. Government will pay for bank loan interest, 50% or more for 3 years.
3. Government will responsible for the fundamental facilities including water supply, electricity
power supply, transportation, communication systems, etc.
第二类政策是“一事一议”政策，针对超大规模投资和具有战略意义的投资。“一事一议”政策没有具体条款，采用企业和市政府相关部门交流谈判的方式实现。可能包括政府免
费提供一定年限的土地使用权；政府提供一定比例的启动资金；提供贷款贴息；提供特殊行政绿色通道，从而针对这样的企业政府能够快速完成行政审批；提供特殊政策支持，如协调市场资源等，企业可以根据自身需要提出要求。
在黑龙江省和大庆市，推进棚室经济的任务是由省委书记和市委书记直接负责的，一般来说，很难有哪个项目能被重视到如此程度。
The second class is called “case by case”, targeting on large scaled investment or strategic investment. There’s no detailed terms in the policy, and it depends on bi-literal discuss. Investors may ask for a couple of years of free land, providing part of the starting investment or bank interest support, or insurance fee support, or special administration channel for a higher service efficiency, or some others, which need to be proposed according to the circumstances of the very investor.
In both Heilongjiang Province and Daqing City, this program is on the chairmen of both governments, from which, we could see how important the program is for them.
四、 大庆地理位置和气候条件 The Geographical and Climate Features
图表 2 地理位置 Position
大庆位于东经124°12´北纬45°48附近，在中国东北部（如右上图），在黑龙江省中西部（如右下图）。大庆面积2.1万平方公里，总人口280万人，其中市区人口132.5万人，大部分是石油产业工人。
Daqing is located near at the east longitude 124°12´ and the north latitude 45°48´, and at the
east-north of China(see right up), and at mid-west of Heilongjiang province. It covers 21,000 square
kilo-meters, with a population around 2,800,000 dwellers, and within it, 1,325,000 are citizens and most of the citizens are oil industry workers and government staffs.
气候类型：中温带大陆性季风气候。
年平均气温：3.8℃
极端最高气温39.8℃
极端最低气温-39.5℃
年平均最高气温10.8℃
年平均最低气温-1.1℃
年活动积温2700℃-2800℃
年降水量438.1毫米
Climate pattern: mid temperature continental monsoon
Year average temperature 3.8℃
Recorded highest temperature 39.8℃
Recorded lowest temperature -39.5℃
Recorded year average highest temperature 10.8℃
Recorded year average lowest temperature -1.1℃
Year accumulated temperature 2700℃ to 2800℃
Year water fall 438.1mm, mainly in June to Aug.
Year evaporation is 1634.6mm
All year sunlight 2726.1 hours
Wind speed year average 3.8m/second
The first frog day is at Sept. 28th.
The end of frog is at May. 7th.
Non-frog 143 days, 128 days are fit for crop growth.
主要降水集中在6-8月 年蒸发量1634.6毫米 年日照时数2726.1小时 年平均风速3.8米/秒 初霜日9月28日 终霜日5月7日 无霜期143天 适宜作物生长的有效期128
五、 棚室技术现状和规模 Current Conditions of the Techniques and Scale
of the Green House Based Agriculture Industry
图表 3 冷棚 LengPeng
图表 4 4-3型温室 4-3 Model
图表 5 4-3型温室内部 Inner of 4-3 model
目前，大庆的温室主要以冷棚和4-3型温室（以下简称4-3型）为主，4-3型是市政府近年引进推广的新技术，在已经建设的4.8万栋（约666平方米/栋）棚室中，1.2万栋是4-3型，其余为冷棚。
Currently, LengPeng and 4-3 model are popular, and the 4-3 model is just new and suggested by the government in the past recent 3 years. All together there are 48,000 China acre (around 32 square kilometers) green houses built, in which 1/4 are 4-3 model and others are Lengpeng.
4-3型没有形成书面的国家标准，但有一些参考数据如下：
东西延长70-90米,南偏东5-8度；跨度6.5-7米；脊高3.5-3.8米；不超过一亩一栋； No standard specifications are released for 4-3 model, but there are some reference data as follows:
In east to west direction 70-90 meters long, south deviated to east 5-8 degrees; and 6.5 to 7meters wide; 3.5-3.8 meters high for back bone; one unit is no more than 666 square meters normally.
4-3
型的材料包括铁质龙骨、棚膜、棉被、内藏苯板的砖墙、卷帘机等，外加缓冲间，
总成本在12~15万元以内。
For 4-3 model, construction materials include iron back bone, plastic film, cotton quilt, brick wall, quilt roller, and buffer room, etc, and the cost is around 120,000 to 150,000 RMB. 除了38栋4-3型温室成功地采用了温泉地热取暖，以及部分采用了滴灌技术和无滴膜保温外，其余棚室基本都没有采取更多现代农业设施，但补光需求已经开始出现。
In Daqing city, except 38 units 4-3 model(about 250m*100m all together)are equipped with warm spring for keeping warm, and part of them using drop-irrigation and no-drop film, no more modern facilities are put into application. But some requirements are coming up including agriculture lamp.
没有取暖设备的4-3型，每年12月到2月上旬因为气温太低而不能生产，即使使用加厚棉被，温室也会上冻。如果采用煤炭取暖，3个月的取暖费为2400元（3吨煤）。
无取暖温室，一般收入在2到4万元/栋年。有取暖温室据说收入能达到10万元以上。 4-3 model, with no warming facilities, can not produce crops during Dec. to next Feb., because no efficient measures to keep it warm even if it were covered with thicker quilt. Some are using coal to do it, in this situation, 3 tons of coal , about 2,400RMB are required for the 3 months warming consumption.
For green house with no warming, the farmer’s revenue is around 20,000 to 40,000 RMB for one unit 4-3 model(666 square meters), and with warming, it says, the revenue may up to 100,000 RMB.
六、 主要作物与市场价格 Main crops and market price
在政府的大力引导下，葡萄、生姜、番茄、西甜瓜、食用菌、花卉、温泉果菜是作为重点发展作物。在实际考察中，大同区的葡萄已经上规模，林甸的温泉番茄、黄瓜已经具备一定规模。更多的棚室种植园区还属于启动阶段。
Under the guidance of the government, 7 kinds of greens&fruits are chosen to be the main crops at Daqing, including grapes, ginger, tomato, melon, mushroom, flowerings, and greens and fruit that fit for warm spring areas. From that research data, Datong district has successfully pushed the grape to a scaled step, and warm spring tomato and cucumber production has started.
以下是从社区零售点和大型超市采集的价格样本。这个样本能够体现一些价格水平。一般来讲，对于一个社区零售点，每天蔬菜的销售总重量大概为500公斤；在大型超市，散菜，每个品种销售数量为500公斤到2000公斤；净包装菜一般每个品种为200公斤；而有机菜为50公斤；这是口头沟通的大概数据，真实数据是受控的。通常，超市采购价格为其售价的50%到60%。
The following is the sample price got from retailer and supper market.
For supper market, the channel price is 50% to 60% of retailers’ price.
图表 6 蔬菜终端价格样本 Price sample record
七、 大庆林甸县温泉和温泉农业 The Spring and Spring agriculture at
Lindian County
大庆林甸温泉发现于1975年8月， 林甸县地热资源具有六大特点：
Spring was found in Aug.1975 at Daqing Lindian County, and it’s characteristics including 储量大：地热静态储量约达1810亿立方米；
Big reservation: static reserve is around 181 billion cubic meters.
分布广：全县3493平方公里范围内，地下均有地热显示；
Large area: most of Daqing and almost all of Lindian County have warm spring water reservation.
中低温：地热资源埋藏相对较浅，一般在900—2400米之间，地热井井口温度在40－90℃之间。
Mid-low temperature: reserved in relatively shallow, between 900 to 2400 meters. The temperature is between 40 ℃to 90 ℃.
有补给：地热田北部古地层出露，接受降水渗入，成为具有一定补给的地热田；
Good supplement: an ancient continental earth projects to accept surface earth water.
水质好：地热水PH值介于7.89-8.38之间，属弱碱性水，水中含有硅、锌、硒、碘等20多种对人体有益的微量元素，地热水中多为含碘品位较高的碳酸氢钠型矿泉水，并且达到了医疗型矿泉水命名浓度标准，具有极高的医疗保健价值；
Good water quality: PH 7.89 to 8.38, and silicon, zinc, tin, iodine, more than 20 kinds of element were found in it.
压力大：从目前已开发利用的地热井证实，井口压力为0.４－0.4５兆帕，地热水可常年自喷，单井日自溢水量在1500立方米以上。
Pressure high: 0.4 to 0.45 MPa.
2010年，黑龙江省委和大庆市委联合动作，重点支持林甸县的温泉棚室产业，引入了企业，并在2010-2011冬春季实现了38栋4-3型的温泉取暖，生产反季节蔬菜，经济效益明显。这家企业计划建设12000栋温泉棚室用于农业生产，2013年完成。
In 2010, the government emphasizes on the development of the spring based green house industry, successful attacked companies to invest on the program, and the initial test round sets up 38 units of 4-3 model, to produce anti-season vegetable and fruit, achieved very good profit. In the coming 3 years, they planed to construct 12,000 units of 4-3 model.
但问题也显而易见，主要在现代农业技术的相关方面。 But hard rock is obvious that the supporting techniques and facilities are a serious problem now.
八、 相关企业现状 Current Conditions of Relevant Companies.
● 农业生产经营企业 Agriculture operation companies.
大庆仁博产业开发有限责任公司成立于2010年，是集小城镇开发建设、温泉观光旅游产业、温室果蔬棚室生产产业、产品深加工产业、物流产业、科研于一体的综合开发公司。公司总部坐落在大庆，基地位于距大庆35公里的四季青镇，总占地面积91平方公里。在长青林场投资61.3亿元，规划面积2016公顷，温泉温室6000栋，冷棚6000栋，通车长庆路.
Daqing Renbo Industry Ltd started in 2010, and focuses on the development of the spring well and spring based green house industry. They will take part in the construction of the village, travel industry, logistic industry, etc. The head quarter of it is located at Daqing downtown, 35 kilometers far away from the production base, which is 91 square kilometers.
They plan to invest 6.13 billion RMB on 6000 units of Lengpeng and 6000 units of 4-3 model.
大庆仁博产业开发有限责任公司注册资金1亿元人民币，其中管理人员46人（法人：赵旭光），专业技术人员23人，销售人员32人，外聘专家3人，目前确认完成38栋试验，采暖采用温泉地热。技术合作伙伴包括东北农业大学、黑龙江省农科院、八一农垦大学共3个本地院校和研究机构。得到了黑龙江省委、大庆市委、林甸县委的支持，包括：每栋温室市里补贴1.3万元，县里补贴0.5万元；免收三年地亩费；种植人员可以享受城市户口（农转非）；为开发企业提供贴息贷款、棚室保险补贴、政策补贴等；。主要目标作物包括反季节黄瓜、番茄等六类果菜、还有香瓜、西瓜、葡萄、火龙果、草莓、樱桃。该项目计划总投资15.7亿元（贷款12亿元），计划实现年产果菜13301万公斤，提供9000个就业机会，增加农民收入10966万元。
Renbo Ltd registered capital is 0.1 billion RMB, and has a management team of 46 staffs, technical support team 23 staffs, 32 sales, and 3 specialists. They co-operated with Colleges and some research institutes. They get support from the government including:
● For each unit of 4-3 model, city government subsidy is 13,000 RMB, county subsidy is
5,000 RMB.
● 3 years free use of the land;
● Staffs are allowed to moved there Hukou to the city administration system.
● The Government also supports on bank interest subsidy and insurance allowance.
They plan to plant cucumber and tomato and muskmelon, water melon, and grapes, and strawberry, and cherry, and so on.
目前企业主要面临农业技术问题，种子问题，设施问题等。销售情况好。
Currently, the problem they are facing is mainly the techniques, seeds, and facilities, but sales report shows the market is good.
● 相关技术企业
没有找到，科研院所和大学起到一定技术支持和技术引进推广的作用，但高技术含量的以高科技产品为载体的方案公司和工程公司都没有出现。
No relevant technical servicing or engineering companies were found currently, no companies provide total solutions for farmers.
Some fertilizer product companies are from America or Canada, and they provide some technical support.
● 相关分销物流企业
龙泰集团龙的龙泰农业股份有限公司主要以有机杂粮精选及农产品深加工为主体，种植、生产、销售为一体的现代化农业企业。采用统一种植、统一生产、统一配送、统一销售的一站式经营模式，拥有数百家大型超市客户，面向中国以及远东销售，品牌名称是沙禾。
Longtai Group has a branch company name Longtai Agri Stock, and is now focusing on the further process of corns and selling the products to supper market in the large key cities in China; this company also takes part in some plantation business. They targets on the high end product.
● 相关零售企业
沃尔玛，新玛特，大商集团
Wal-mart, Newmart, Dashang group.
● 相关金融企业
龙江银行、交通银行和农发行、中国农业银行等，没有专业的风险投资企业。
Longjiang Bank, Communication Bank, Agriculture Development Bank, China Agriculture Bank, No expertise VC. is found in Daqing City.
九、 相关技术发展状况 Relevant Techniques Conditions
从单栋（666平米）作物产量可以看出技术水平，收集的信息如下：
大番茄：5000~6000公斤/栋冬季
小番茄：1500~2000公斤/栋冬季（有取暖）
From the output of single unit of 4-3 model, we can see some aspects of the techniques conditions here:
Bigger tomato: 5000 to 6000 kilogram/unit in winter
Smaller tomato: 1500 to 2000 kilogram/unit in winter with warm keeping facility.
4-3型的确有其优势，成本低、充分利用了冬季里有限的日照，但保温措施仍然停留在塑料膜和棉被的基本手段上。从作物种苗上看，已经引进了一些新品种，如耐寒能力强的或者高产的，还没有大规模育种育苗能力，基本是外购的。作物补光、补CO2等气肥、有针对性的营养液的研发和规模应用还基本没有出现，从部分地区能看到滴灌技术的小范围应用，也有个别企业提出对补光的需求。
4-3 model has its own advantage. It’s low cost, taking good usage of the limited sunlight in winter. It keeps warm through plastic film and cotton quilt. Farmers has got some kind of plant seed from developed area like Holland, but no scaled seeding companies were found, and most seeding are bought from southern area of China. Modern facilities, Co2 generator for example, has not been taken into production process. Optimistically, in the coming 3 years, the demand will appear.
和欧洲相比，现代农业在大庆还属初级阶段，政府、学校和科研机构中，有几百人对现代农业有一定认识，他们或者从书本上学习或者到荷兰等国家参观交流过，但没有看到对现代农业有应用经验的专业人员。
Compared with some countries in Europe, modern agriculture is now in a starting step. I contacted some local professors and technicians in some green houses, and found that there are some people knew that what the modern agriculture could be, either they have ever visited Holland or take part in some advance agriculture meetings, but I see that no body has real successful experiences on the modern agriculture.
十、 交通物流 Communication and Logistics
大庆位于中国黑龙江省西部，东距哈尔滨、西距齐齐哈尔2小时车程，是黑龙江西部的交通枢纽。境内滨洲、通让铁路交汇，连接哈大齐三市的G015国道等公路网络已经形成，形成以大庆为中站的两小时经济带。通过滨洲铁路，从大庆可以到达蒙古和俄罗斯，经松花江黄金水道也可直达俄罗斯，地缘和区位优势明显。
大庆到广州的高速公路正在建设中，2012年通车。
大庆到哈尔滨到北京的高速铁路2012年通车。
大庆到绥化的高速公路在建设中。
大庆飞机场在2008年投入运营，和国内近十座主要城市实现直航。
Daqing is located at the west of Heilongjiang province, and to the east 2 hours driving connected with Harbin City, west to Qiqihaer City about 1.5 hours.
There are railway, high way and national road and airport in Daqing city, Driving 2 hours, you can reach to an area of over 14 million population.
From east and west, Daqing has its railway to the customs connected with Russia.
Daqing has its water way to Harbin and Russia, too.
十一、 人力资源 Human Resources
现代农业在大庆处于初级阶段，但农业现代化进程已经全面启动。在这个背景下，大庆市场现有的中高级管理人才和技术人才稀缺，高级非农业专业人才也和北京、上海等大城市相差很远，所以，中高级人力资源短缺将是未来两到三年困扰投资现代农业的企业所面临的最严重的问题。
Although modern agriculture at Daqing city is just at its initial step, we can see that the development speed here is quite high. Under such situations, the lack of high end human resource is pretty serious, and high end non-agriculture talent is hard to hire, either. So this issue could be an obstacle for investors.
初级人才资源在大庆却很丰富，以下简要列举了人力成本：
初级管理人员（5年管理经验）平均4000元/人月（即6万元/人年）；农业技术人员（专业熟练）平均2500到4000元/人月（即4万到7万/人年）；
涉及的保险包括养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险、住房公积金；写字楼租金0.5到1元/平方米/天。
But the junior resources are abundant, here listed some cost for your reference:
Junior manager with 5 years experiences: 4000RMB/month (60,000RMB/year), tax is considered.
Technical engineer: average 2,500 to 4,000 RMB / month, (40,000 to 70,000 RMB /year, tax is considered)
And the tax may include old-age tax, job tax, medical tax, apartment tax, etc.
Office rent is about 0.5 to 1 RMB per square meter /day.
十二、 本地居民购买力简析 Local Purchasing Power Briefs
大庆总人口280万人，大庆市区占130万人，市区内石油石化相关企业职工80万以上，加上市政府和相关服务行业30万人，这些人平均年收入4万元左右，而且差别不大，优越感强，其它企业主要是自由职业者和小企业主，人数很少。由此我们可以大概推断，40万个家庭的收入差距较小，应该有80%家庭年收入在10万元以内，即104万人。甚至可以推断，最多有24万人（8万个家庭）是经常在大型超市购买蔬菜的，而购买有机蔬菜的家庭可能少于2000个。
The total population here is 2.8m, and 1.3m at downtown, and over 0.8m are working for the oil industry, and about 0.3m working for the government system and public service department, all these
people’s average annual income after tax is around 40,000RMB, and the difference is not much among them. This group of people has very strong sense of superiority, and they are the potential customers for the high end brand named product. And the rest residents are mostly some firm owners or farmers.
From above we can derive that about 80% families has annual income of 100,000RMB, and they buy or have potential to buy fresh vegetables from super market and maybe only 2000 families buy organic vegetables.
十三、 科研教学资源 University and Research Institute Resources
和以下机构合作存在一定可能性，他们的诉求包括合作中能发表论文、推出新技术成果等，经济利益是次要诉求。同样的，利用他们现有的实验基地完成部分试验也是外来企业降低前期投入的好办法。
There are 3 key organizations in Daqing area, including 2 universities and a science institute, just as listed below. Investors have potential possibility to co-operate with them. These organizations hope to write thesis and to get some economic support, etc. At the same time, they can provide some convenience to investor’s labs and equipment, so as to reduce the cost and risk in the initial stage.
东北农业大学概况 The briefs of Northeast griculture University.
See. http://www.neau.cn/english/
东北农业大学1948年创建于哈尔滨，1996年成为首批国家“211工程”重点建设大学。
学校以农科为优势，以生命科学和食品科学为特色，学科基础雄厚，整体实力较强。现有20个学院和1个教学部，涉及农学、工学、理学、经济学、管理学等学科门类；拥有3个国家重点学科，3个国家重点（培育）学科，2个农业部重点学科，2个省级重点学科群，6个省级一级重点学科，29个省级二级重点学科。
学校拥有教授、副教授和博士生导师任职资格审定权，师资队伍结构合理，整体水平较高。现有专任教师1 159人，其中教授229人，副教授288人；具有博士学位者446人，具有硕士学位者467。教师中有中国工程院院士1人，博士生导师164人。
拥有66个本科专业，6个一级学科博士点、32个博士学位授权点，8个一级学科硕士点、67个硕士学位授权点，8个博士后科研流动站、2个博士后科研工作站。设有农业部俄语培训中心及教育部赴俄留学培训基地。现有全日制在校生20 194人，其中研究生3 257人，本科生16 817人，外国留学生120人。
学校以“北方现代农业”和“北方寒地农业”为科研特色，紧紧围绕国家特别是黑龙江省农业科技发展重点、热点及难点问题开展科技攻关。设有2个国家级研究中心（国家乳业工程技术研究中心、国家大豆工程技术研究中心）。
黑龙江八一农垦大学概况 The briefs of Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University.
See. http://61.167.199.239/english/
黑龙江八一农垦大学是黑龙江省属全日制普通高等学校。学校创建于1958年，学校建有12个学院，设有43个本科专业，涉及农学、工学、管理学、理学、法学、文学、经济学等7大学科门类，拥有1个省重点学科群、1个省重点一级学科、5个省重点二级学科、2个二级学科博士点、农业部实验室（研究中心）9个、省中试基地1个、省教育厅工程技术研发中心2个、省高校重点实验室4个、省级实验教学示范中心4个、省部共建实验室8个。
学校面向全国23个省区招生，全日制在校生15 981人，其中博士、硕士研究生372人。现有专任教师861人，其中教授133人、副教授252人，具有博士学位教师104人、省级重点学科带头人8名，总局级重点学科带头人和后备带头人57名。当前，学校承担各级科研项目（课题）600余项，其中国家级20余项、省部级130余项、厅局级300余项。
学校坚持贯彻开放办学的理念，不断加强与国内外先进院校、科研机构的交流与合作。目前正在实施的有：与俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克国立经济服务大学的联合办学项目，与韩国国立江陵大学、韩国国立晋州产业大学的交换生项目及“中加合作—黑龙江省农产品加工工程技术研究中心”等项目。学校与俄罗斯、韩国、加拿大、乌克兰、美国、澳大利亚等国家的多所院校建立了长期的学术交流与合作关系。 黑龙江省农业科学院概况 The briefs of Heilongjiang Agriculture Science Institute.
http://221.212.126.117:8080/web/test.jsp?id=1040&class_id=1201
始建于1956年8月，为直属省政府的正厅级事业单位。经过50多年的建设和发展，已经成为在全省规模最大、在全国和国际上有重要影响的综合类农业科研机构。全院直属30个分院（研究所），分布在哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、大庆、佳木斯、牡丹江、绥化、黑河等不同生态类型区；建有国家马铃薯种质改良中心等38个国家级和省部级中心（分中心）、重点实验室；拥有1个人事部博士后工作站，有职工3230人，其中高级职称科研人员579人，省级重点学科带头人13人，享受国务院和省政府特殊津贴135人；建院以来，共获得省部级以上科技成果奖477项，其中国家级发明奖、科技进步二等以上奖37项，省长特别奖11项，占全省农业类重大奖项的85%以上，育成推广大豆、玉米、水稻、小麦、马铃薯、麻类、向日葵、杂粮、果蔬、花卉等新品种1083个，应用面积占全省农作物种植面积的70%以上，引领推动我省农作物品种更新换代5—6次，每年为全省农民多创造效益70多亿元，为我省粮食产能由300亿斤登上800亿斤台阶做出重大贡献。
十四、 大庆综述 Synthesize
通过以上信息可以看到：
1． 大庆是典型的资源型城市，产业结构严重依赖石油工业，亟待扶持第二个支柱产业。
2． 针对棚室农业，政策上是开放和积极的，为了尽快见到效益，短期内提高农户收入，
政府采取“先量后质”的政策，即用最优惠的政策引导用户进行4-3型温室的经营，预计两年内，大量4-3型温室将出现在大地上。正是因为这样，市场对现代农业技术和现代管理理念的需求才非常急迫。
3． 从资源优势来看，地理位置、本地购买力、地热资源、天然气资源、交通物流、人
口密度、教学与科研等方面，有一定优势，尤其是前四项；但不足之处包括人力资源短缺和现代农业、现代商业不发达，比起发达地区，商业还没有深入人心。
4． 从政治社会环境来看，这里社会稳定，居民收入人均年收入1万以下的和人均年收
入7万以上的占比小，60%集中在人均年收入1.8万到3万之间，估计有20%左右的居民人均年收入在3万到7万之间，属于大庆的中产阶级，他们优越感强，冒险精神差，多数在政府和油田公司核心部门工作。
5． 从工商业环境来看，政府运作相对东北其它城市还是要廉洁高效一些，进步积极性
高，当前一届政府属于自信开拓型政府，明显好于一般的二级城市；
6． 从市场环境看来，中高端农产品市场需求旺盛，但供给没有形成品牌竞争格局，还
存在大片高利润领域甚至待开发的空白领域，客户的消费热情还有很多没有释放。 From the information above, we can see:
1. Daqing is a typical resource based city, and half revenue relies on oil industry, and the
government is eagerly trying to fine tune the industry structure.
2. Focusing on green house industry, the policy is aggressive and positive, and in order to
improve the farmer’s income as soon as possible, the government plans to firstly enhance the quantity then to improve the quality, that means large amount of 4-3 model green house will be built in the coming 3 years, and in the process the demand for modern agriculture techniques will be pretty high.
3. From the background and resource, including geographic, buying power, under ground
heat, natural gas, communication, consumer structure, education resources, Daqing has it own advantages. But the shortage of high end human resource will last years in future.
4. From the social and political environment, Daqing is quite good. Dwellers here basically
satisfied with their life and revenue. People who has an annual income over 70,000 or below 10,000RMB are less, and about 60% people’s annual revenue is between 18,000 to 30,000RMB, and 20% between 30,000 to 70,000RMB. These people are the middle class of Daqing city, mostly working for oil industry.
5. From the administration environment, Daqing’s government is more efficiency and
honest, especially the current team is pretty aggressive, much better than some other secondary cities in China.
6. From the business environment, the demand of mid-high end product is pretty high
thanks to the local competitive buying power. There are a lot of space for new brand by which the customer’s zeal to consume could be released.
十五、 可能的合作方式 Possible Business model
以下阐述可能的几种合作方式，仅供参考。
1． 与不参与管理的企业或个人联合投资，独立拿地，独立生产和运营。
如在大同区拿地，自主建立生产基地，注册品牌，直接销售。
2． 与有销售能力的本地品牌厂合资。
如和龙泰集团合作。龙泰有品牌和大型超市市场渠道。
3． 转包本地企业的土地，给本地企业供货。
如和仁博产业合作，仁博已经建立了公司，正在完善管理体系，但生产能力差，存在可能签署合同租用他们的土地，给他们供货。
There are 3 possible biz models, listed as below for your reference:
1. Co-invest with company who will not take part in operation, and rent land from the
government, and then run the business.
2. Co-invest with company who has brand and the ability to sell products. Longtai Group for
instance.
3. Rent land from local company, produce and sell the products to the company. Renbo Ltd
for instance.
十六、 来大庆考察的安排建议 Suggested Schedule
乘飞机来大庆可在北京、上海、广州、青岛、西安、成都、杭州登机。 也可以先到哈尔滨，我们可以安排车来接机，约2小时路程到大庆。
在大庆，
第一天：到第一农业区县----大同区，参观育苗工厂，葡萄基地，草莓温室，会见区领导。（也可以安排五区四县的其它区县）
第二天：考察林甸县温泉棚室，见县招商局，见当地企业领导。
第三天：会见大学和科研院所，参观试验室（Venlo），考察超市
第四天：早晨会见市招商局，下午返程飞机
四天行程，希望能使您对大庆的基本状况有全面的了解。
It’s a four days schedule:
Taking flight from Beijing or Shanghai or Guangzhou, or Qingdao, or Xian, or Chengdu, or Hangzhou, directly to Daqing city.
At Daqing,
1st day visit Datong District, the biggest agriculture district of Daqing city, visit a seeding factory, grapes base, strawberry green house, meet the District leaders.
2nd day, visit spring green house at Lindian county, meet the county’s governor. 3rd day, visit universities and its lab(Venlo), then met some bosses of local companies, then visit supermarket.
4th day, meet the city’s governor, to sign a invest intention letter or a memorandum.
本文相关数据来源均来自合法渠道，作为参考资料，希望能为贵公司前期考察助力。 All these data are from legal channel, and just for the use of reference for investors, and personally, I hope you enjoy your life and business.
张谊文
Leo Zhang
Tel：[1**********]（大庆）[1**********]（上海）
Email: [email protected]
大庆现代农业现状
The Modern Agriculture Conditions of DAQING City
为支持大庆市加快发展棚室经济建设，配合大庆市委市政府各区县引进现代化农业企业，在相关主管部门的支持下，经过现场调研，总结了以下材料，供贵公司参考，并欢迎行业专家批评指正。
To support the development of the green house industry of Daqing City, and to help the government and the city attract more investment from the tier one international modern agriculture corporations, I collected some basic information for your reference to the decision making that weather you setup a visit trip to Daqing City.
目 录 Contents
一、 概述 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 3
二、 大庆经济简介 Daqing Economy Briefs .......................................................................... 3
三、 产业政策 Industry Policy ................................................................................................ 4
四、 大庆地理位置和气候条件 The Geographical and Climate Features ........................... 6
五、 棚室技术现状和规模 Current Conditions of the Techniques and Scale of the Green
House Based Agriculture Industry .................................................................................................... 8
六、 主要作物与市场价格 Main crops and market price ................................................... 10
七、 大庆林甸县温泉和温泉农业 The Spring and Spring agriculture at Lindian County .. 12
八、 相关企业现状 Current Conditions of Relevant Companies. ......................................... 13
九、 相关技术发展状况 Relevant Techniques Conditions ................................................... 14
十、 交通物流 Communication and Logistics ....................................................................... 15
十一、 人力资源 Human Resources ...................................................................................... 16
十二、 本地居民购买力简析 Local Purchasing Power Briefs ........................................... 16
十三、 科研教学资源 University and Research Institute Resources .................................... 17
十四、 大庆综述 Synthesize ................................................................................................. 18
十五、 可能的合作方式 Possible Business model ............................................................... 19
十六、 来大庆考察的安排建议 Suggested Schedule ........................................................... 20
一、 概述 Abstract
对于拥有技术和现金储备的现代农业企业，无论是在农业生产、农业技术、农产品分销、农业设施供应等方面具有国际化竞争优势，您都有必要考虑，2011年是否是进入中国市场。大庆，作为中国的石油城（相当于全球视角下的中东地区），其现代农业的发展潜力巨大，尤其在政策强力支撑下，2011及未来5年，大庆市可能成为东北亚地区现代农业基地。
To modern agricultural corporations with good techniques and cash flows, either high-lighted by your agriculture production, or your techniques, or your distribution channel, or your facility products, we all strongly suggest you to seriously consider whether it’s right time to invest in China.
Daqing City, being called “the City of Oil”in China, (just like the mid-east area from the global view), has large business potentials on modern agriculture industry, and under the guidance and strong support from the government, in 2011 and the 5 years afterwards. Daqing City is highly expected to be a modern agriculture base in the east-north of Asia area.
二、 大庆经济简介 Daqing Economy Briefs
2010年，大庆全市实现地区生产总值2900亿元、增长12%，居全国百强城市第19位。 Daqing’s total production value in 2010 was 290 billion RMB with an increase of 12% compared to 2009, 19th in the chart of China.
大庆是石油之城，2010年实现增加值1500亿元、增长1.8%，石油产量约占中国的一半。 Daqing is the City of Oil, oil production value if 150 billion RMB with an increase of 1.8%, the production is about 50% of the total oil production of China.
大庆农业发展迅速，2010年启动建设林甸四季青温泉果蔬基地、大同八井子现代农业主题观光园、红骥牧场农业特色风情园等设施农业项目，全市棚室4.8万栋，设施农业实现收入25亿元。
The agriculture industry is developing fast although backward relatively. In 2010, a few projects were successfully setup, including a spring green house base at Lindian county, a modern agriculture theme park at Datong District, and a agriculture harvesting part at Hongji livestock farm. All together, Daqing has developed green house about 31 square kilometers, with a total production value of 2.5 billion RMB in 2010.
大庆金融活跃，2010年全市各项贷款余额410亿元、新增贷款86亿元。
The finance activities of Daqing city is prospected, with a total loan of 41 billion RMB, and a new increased loan of 8.6 billion RMB in the year of 2010.
过去五年，城镇居民人均可支配收入由13662元提高到20016元，农民人均纯收入2723元提高到8045元。大庆成为全国42个相对富裕城市之一。
In the past 5 years, the average income of the citizens has been increased from 13,662 to 20016, and that of farmers from 2,723 to 8,045 RMB. Daqing City is one of the 42 relatively wealthy cities in China.
大庆土地资源储备充裕，面积大，用地限制少，多为盐碱地废弃地，用地价格低。 大庆水资源丰富，号称“天然百湖之城”。
Daqing has abundant cultivated plant area and natural prairies (more than 6000 square kilometers) and lakes. Agriculture and stock raise industry are the most important industry after oil industry.
大庆电力资源量足价廉。全市有12户发电企业，农业用电一般在0.443元到0.81元/度。 Daqing’s electricity power is plentiful and the price is good (0.443 to 0.81RMB for each KWh). 大庆天然气丰富，价格在2.1到2.4元/立方米。
Daqing has plenty of natural gas, with a competitive price of 2.1 to 2.4 RMB per cubic meter. 大庆地热资源前景可观。大庆是国内罕见的大规模地热富集区，静态储量达3000亿立方米，而且水源充足， 埋藏深度仅在1400—2000米之间；地热水出口温度在40℃—90℃之间；水质优良，水中含有锌、硒、钙等20多种对人体有益的微量元素。
Daqing has an amazing preservation of underground heat and water, with a static reserve of 300 billion cubic meters, buried in the depth of between 1,400 to 2,000 meters, with a temperature between 40 to 90℃. At the same time, the water test report shows that the warm spring water can erupt automatically from wells and it is also fit for human body health.
三、 产业政策 Industry Policy
图表 1 实施中的棚室农业区 Green house area under construction
2011年1月7日，大庆市委《关于加快发展棚室经济推进“菜篮子”工程建设的决定》，提出了三年内，把大庆建设成为东北最大、国内一流的棚室蔬菜生产供应基地。其目的包括：
On Jan 7th, 2011, Daqing city government released a document named the Decision of Strongly Support the Development of Green House Based Agriculture, in which, it indicates that the government will make Daqing city the biggest green house agriculture base in the north and east area of China in the coming 3 years, the aim of the program including:
1． 促进农民增收、缩小城乡差距；
To increase the farmer’s revenue, reduce the gap of the revenue between the
citizens and farmers.
2． 转变农业生产方式、推进新农村建设；
To upgrade the production style, push forward the construction of new county
agriculture production system.
3． 发展现代农业，形成独具特色的产业优势；
To develop modern agriculture, strengthen the advantage of Daqing’s
competitiveness and characteristics.
4． 到2013年，棚室总量达到30万栋。
To construct 200 square kilo-meters green house before the end of 2013.
5． 在2011年内，五区四县将完成招商任务1万栋到1.5万栋不等。
In 2011, 5 districts and 4 counties in Daqing city will construct 6 to 10 square
kilo-meters green house respectively.
具体招商政策分为市级的政策和在此基础上的各区县的政策，分两类，第一类是标准政策，针对一般规模企业和农户；
Detailed business policy is released by city government and county government at the same time, including two classes, one is standard policy targeting on normal scaled business.
标准政策中，以资金支持为主，包括：
● 对于666平方米/栋的“43”型温室，企业或者农户投资一栋，市里支持1万元，
各区县支持0.5万元或更多；
● 银行贷款，政府提供50%的3年贷款贴息；
● 政府提供指定区域内的水、电、路、讯等基础设施建设。
The standard policy is mainly carried out through a method of financial support, including:
1. For each investment on the 43 model with 666 square meters, the city government supports
10,000 RMB, and county government 5,000 RMB or more.
2. Government will pay for bank loan interest, 50% or more for 3 years.
3. Government will responsible for the fundamental facilities including water supply, electricity
power supply, transportation, communication systems, etc.
第二类政策是“一事一议”政策，针对超大规模投资和具有战略意义的投资。“一事一议”政策没有具体条款，采用企业和市政府相关部门交流谈判的方式实现。可能包括政府免
费提供一定年限的土地使用权；政府提供一定比例的启动资金；提供贷款贴息；提供特殊行政绿色通道，从而针对这样的企业政府能够快速完成行政审批；提供特殊政策支持，如协调市场资源等，企业可以根据自身需要提出要求。
在黑龙江省和大庆市，推进棚室经济的任务是由省委书记和市委书记直接负责的，一般来说，很难有哪个项目能被重视到如此程度。
The second class is called “case by case”, targeting on large scaled investment or strategic investment. There’s no detailed terms in the policy, and it depends on bi-literal discuss. Investors may ask for a couple of years of free land, providing part of the starting investment or bank interest support, or insurance fee support, or special administration channel for a higher service efficiency, or some others, which need to be proposed according to the circumstances of the very investor.
In both Heilongjiang Province and Daqing City, this program is on the chairmen of both governments, from which, we could see how important the program is for them.
四、 大庆地理位置和气候条件 The Geographical and Climate Features
图表 2 地理位置 Position
大庆位于东经124°12´北纬45°48附近，在中国东北部（如右上图），在黑龙江省中西部（如右下图）。大庆面积2.1万平方公里，总人口280万人，其中市区人口132.5万人，大部分是石油产业工人。
Daqing is located near at the east longitude 124°12´ and the north latitude 45°48´, and at the
east-north of China(see right up), and at mid-west of Heilongjiang province. It covers 21,000 square
kilo-meters, with a population around 2,800,000 dwellers, and within it, 1,325,000 are citizens and most of the citizens are oil industry workers and government staffs.
气候类型：中温带大陆性季风气候。
年平均气温：3.8℃
极端最高气温39.8℃
极端最低气温-39.5℃
年平均最高气温10.8℃
年平均最低气温-1.1℃
年活动积温2700℃-2800℃
年降水量438.1毫米
Climate pattern: mid temperature continental monsoon
Year average temperature 3.8℃
Recorded highest temperature 39.8℃
Recorded lowest temperature -39.5℃
Recorded year average highest temperature 10.8℃
Recorded year average lowest temperature -1.1℃
Year accumulated temperature 2700℃ to 2800℃
Year water fall 438.1mm, mainly in June to Aug.
Year evaporation is 1634.6mm
All year sunlight 2726.1 hours
Wind speed year average 3.8m/second
The first frog day is at Sept. 28th.
The end of frog is at May. 7th.
Non-frog 143 days, 128 days are fit for crop growth.
主要降水集中在6-8月 年蒸发量1634.6毫米 年日照时数2726.1小时 年平均风速3.8米/秒 初霜日9月28日 终霜日5月7日 无霜期143天 适宜作物生长的有效期128
五、 棚室技术现状和规模 Current Conditions of the Techniques and Scale
of the Green House Based Agriculture Industry
图表 3 冷棚 LengPeng
图表 4 4-3型温室 4-3 Model
图表 5 4-3型温室内部 Inner of 4-3 model
目前，大庆的温室主要以冷棚和4-3型温室（以下简称4-3型）为主，4-3型是市政府近年引进推广的新技术，在已经建设的4.8万栋（约666平方米/栋）棚室中，1.2万栋是4-3型，其余为冷棚。
Currently, LengPeng and 4-3 model are popular, and the 4-3 model is just new and suggested by the government in the past recent 3 years. All together there are 48,000 China acre (around 32 square kilometers) green houses built, in which 1/4 are 4-3 model and others are Lengpeng.
4-3型没有形成书面的国家标准，但有一些参考数据如下：
东西延长70-90米,南偏东5-8度；跨度6.5-7米；脊高3.5-3.8米；不超过一亩一栋； No standard specifications are released for 4-3 model, but there are some reference data as follows:
In east to west direction 70-90 meters long, south deviated to east 5-8 degrees; and 6.5 to 7meters wide; 3.5-3.8 meters high for back bone; one unit is no more than 666 square meters normally.
4-3
型的材料包括铁质龙骨、棚膜、棉被、内藏苯板的砖墙、卷帘机等，外加缓冲间，
总成本在12~15万元以内。
For 4-3 model, construction materials include iron back bone, plastic film, cotton quilt, brick wall, quilt roller, and buffer room, etc, and the cost is around 120,000 to 150,000 RMB. 除了38栋4-3型温室成功地采用了温泉地热取暖，以及部分采用了滴灌技术和无滴膜保温外，其余棚室基本都没有采取更多现代农业设施，但补光需求已经开始出现。
In Daqing city, except 38 units 4-3 model(about 250m*100m all together)are equipped with warm spring for keeping warm, and part of them using drop-irrigation and no-drop film, no more modern facilities are put into application. But some requirements are coming up including agriculture lamp.
没有取暖设备的4-3型，每年12月到2月上旬因为气温太低而不能生产，即使使用加厚棉被，温室也会上冻。如果采用煤炭取暖，3个月的取暖费为2400元（3吨煤）。
无取暖温室，一般收入在2到4万元/栋年。有取暖温室据说收入能达到10万元以上。 4-3 model, with no warming facilities, can not produce crops during Dec. to next Feb., because no efficient measures to keep it warm even if it were covered with thicker quilt. Some are using coal to do it, in this situation, 3 tons of coal , about 2,400RMB are required for the 3 months warming consumption.
For green house with no warming, the farmer’s revenue is around 20,000 to 40,000 RMB for one unit 4-3 model(666 square meters), and with warming, it says, the revenue may up to 100,000 RMB.
六、 主要作物与市场价格 Main crops and market price
在政府的大力引导下，葡萄、生姜、番茄、西甜瓜、食用菌、花卉、温泉果菜是作为重点发展作物。在实际考察中，大同区的葡萄已经上规模，林甸的温泉番茄、黄瓜已经具备一定规模。更多的棚室种植园区还属于启动阶段。
Under the guidance of the government, 7 kinds of greens&fruits are chosen to be the main crops at Daqing, including grapes, ginger, tomato, melon, mushroom, flowerings, and greens and fruit that fit for warm spring areas. From that research data, Datong district has successfully pushed the grape to a scaled step, and warm spring tomato and cucumber production has started.
以下是从社区零售点和大型超市采集的价格样本。这个样本能够体现一些价格水平。一般来讲，对于一个社区零售点，每天蔬菜的销售总重量大概为500公斤；在大型超市，散菜，每个品种销售数量为500公斤到2000公斤；净包装菜一般每个品种为200公斤；而有机菜为50公斤；这是口头沟通的大概数据，真实数据是受控的。通常，超市采购价格为其售价的50%到60%。
The following is the sample price got from retailer and supper market.
For supper market, the channel price is 50% to 60% of retailers’ price.
图表 6 蔬菜终端价格样本 Price sample record
七、 大庆林甸县温泉和温泉农业 The Spring and Spring agriculture at
Lindian County
大庆林甸温泉发现于1975年8月， 林甸县地热资源具有六大特点：
Spring was found in Aug.1975 at Daqing Lindian County, and it’s characteristics including 储量大：地热静态储量约达1810亿立方米；
Big reservation: static reserve is around 181 billion cubic meters.
分布广：全县3493平方公里范围内，地下均有地热显示；
Large area: most of Daqing and almost all of Lindian County have warm spring water reservation.
中低温：地热资源埋藏相对较浅，一般在900—2400米之间，地热井井口温度在40－90℃之间。
Mid-low temperature: reserved in relatively shallow, between 900 to 2400 meters. The temperature is between 40 ℃to 90 ℃.
有补给：地热田北部古地层出露，接受降水渗入，成为具有一定补给的地热田；
Good supplement: an ancient continental earth projects to accept surface earth water.
水质好：地热水PH值介于7.89-8.38之间，属弱碱性水，水中含有硅、锌、硒、碘等20多种对人体有益的微量元素，地热水中多为含碘品位较高的碳酸氢钠型矿泉水，并且达到了医疗型矿泉水命名浓度标准，具有极高的医疗保健价值；
Good water quality: PH 7.89 to 8.38, and silicon, zinc, tin, iodine, more than 20 kinds of element were found in it.
压力大：从目前已开发利用的地热井证实，井口压力为0.４－0.4５兆帕，地热水可常年自喷，单井日自溢水量在1500立方米以上。
Pressure high: 0.4 to 0.45 MPa.
2010年，黑龙江省委和大庆市委联合动作，重点支持林甸县的温泉棚室产业，引入了企业，并在2010-2011冬春季实现了38栋4-3型的温泉取暖，生产反季节蔬菜，经济效益明显。这家企业计划建设12000栋温泉棚室用于农业生产，2013年完成。
In 2010, the government emphasizes on the development of the spring based green house industry, successful attacked companies to invest on the program, and the initial test round sets up 38 units of 4-3 model, to produce anti-season vegetable and fruit, achieved very good profit. In the coming 3 years, they planed to construct 12,000 units of 4-3 model.
但问题也显而易见，主要在现代农业技术的相关方面。 But hard rock is obvious that the supporting techniques and facilities are a serious problem now.
八、 相关企业现状 Current Conditions of Relevant Companies.
● 农业生产经营企业 Agriculture operation companies.
大庆仁博产业开发有限责任公司成立于2010年，是集小城镇开发建设、温泉观光旅游产业、温室果蔬棚室生产产业、产品深加工产业、物流产业、科研于一体的综合开发公司。公司总部坐落在大庆，基地位于距大庆35公里的四季青镇，总占地面积91平方公里。在长青林场投资61.3亿元，规划面积2016公顷，温泉温室6000栋，冷棚6000栋，通车长庆路.
Daqing Renbo Industry Ltd started in 2010, and focuses on the development of the spring well and spring based green house industry. They will take part in the construction of the village, travel industry, logistic industry, etc. The head quarter of it is located at Daqing downtown, 35 kilometers far away from the production base, which is 91 square kilometers.
They plan to invest 6.13 billion RMB on 6000 units of Lengpeng and 6000 units of 4-3 model.
大庆仁博产业开发有限责任公司注册资金1亿元人民币，其中管理人员46人（法人：赵旭光），专业技术人员23人，销售人员32人，外聘专家3人，目前确认完成38栋试验，采暖采用温泉地热。技术合作伙伴包括东北农业大学、黑龙江省农科院、八一农垦大学共3个本地院校和研究机构。得到了黑龙江省委、大庆市委、林甸县委的支持，包括：每栋温室市里补贴1.3万元，县里补贴0.5万元；免收三年地亩费；种植人员可以享受城市户口（农转非）；为开发企业提供贴息贷款、棚室保险补贴、政策补贴等；。主要目标作物包括反季节黄瓜、番茄等六类果菜、还有香瓜、西瓜、葡萄、火龙果、草莓、樱桃。该项目计划总投资15.7亿元（贷款12亿元），计划实现年产果菜13301万公斤，提供9000个就业机会，增加农民收入10966万元。
Renbo Ltd registered capital is 0.1 billion RMB, and has a management team of 46 staffs, technical support team 23 staffs, 32 sales, and 3 specialists. They co-operated with Colleges and some research institutes. They get support from the government including:
● For each unit of 4-3 model, city government subsidy is 13,000 RMB, county subsidy is
5,000 RMB.
● 3 years free use of the land;
● Staffs are allowed to moved there Hukou to the city administration system.
● The Government also supports on bank interest subsidy and insurance allowance.
They plan to plant cucumber and tomato and muskmelon, water melon, and grapes, and strawberry, and cherry, and so on.
目前企业主要面临农业技术问题，种子问题，设施问题等。销售情况好。
Currently, the problem they are facing is mainly the techniques, seeds, and facilities, but sales report shows the market is good.
● 相关技术企业
没有找到，科研院所和大学起到一定技术支持和技术引进推广的作用，但高技术含量的以高科技产品为载体的方案公司和工程公司都没有出现。
No relevant technical servicing or engineering companies were found currently, no companies provide total solutions for farmers.
Some fertilizer product companies are from America or Canada, and they provide some technical support.
● 相关分销物流企业
龙泰集团龙的龙泰农业股份有限公司主要以有机杂粮精选及农产品深加工为主体，种植、生产、销售为一体的现代化农业企业。采用统一种植、统一生产、统一配送、统一销售的一站式经营模式，拥有数百家大型超市客户，面向中国以及远东销售，品牌名称是沙禾。
Longtai Group has a branch company name Longtai Agri Stock, and is now focusing on the further process of corns and selling the products to supper market in the large key cities in China; this company also takes part in some plantation business. They targets on the high end product.
● 相关零售企业
沃尔玛，新玛特，大商集团
Wal-mart, Newmart, Dashang group.
● 相关金融企业
龙江银行、交通银行和农发行、中国农业银行等，没有专业的风险投资企业。
Longjiang Bank, Communication Bank, Agriculture Development Bank, China Agriculture Bank, No expertise VC. is found in Daqing City.
九、 相关技术发展状况 Relevant Techniques Conditions
从单栋（666平米）作物产量可以看出技术水平，收集的信息如下：
大番茄：5000~6000公斤/栋冬季
小番茄：1500~2000公斤/栋冬季（有取暖）
From the output of single unit of 4-3 model, we can see some aspects of the techniques conditions here:
Bigger tomato: 5000 to 6000 kilogram/unit in winter
Smaller tomato: 1500 to 2000 kilogram/unit in winter with warm keeping facility.
4-3型的确有其优势，成本低、充分利用了冬季里有限的日照，但保温措施仍然停留在塑料膜和棉被的基本手段上。从作物种苗上看，已经引进了一些新品种，如耐寒能力强的或者高产的，还没有大规模育种育苗能力，基本是外购的。作物补光、补CO2等气肥、有针对性的营养液的研发和规模应用还基本没有出现，从部分地区能看到滴灌技术的小范围应用，也有个别企业提出对补光的需求。
4-3 model has its own advantage. It’s low cost, taking good usage of the limited sunlight in winter. It keeps warm through plastic film and cotton quilt. Farmers has got some kind of plant seed from developed area like Holland, but no scaled seeding companies were found, and most seeding are bought from southern area of China. Modern facilities, Co2 generator for example, has not been taken into production process. Optimistically, in the coming 3 years, the demand will appear.
和欧洲相比，现代农业在大庆还属初级阶段，政府、学校和科研机构中，有几百人对现代农业有一定认识，他们或者从书本上学习或者到荷兰等国家参观交流过，但没有看到对现代农业有应用经验的专业人员。
Compared with some countries in Europe, modern agriculture is now in a starting step. I contacted some local professors and technicians in some green houses, and found that there are some people knew that what the modern agriculture could be, either they have ever visited Holland or take part in some advance agriculture meetings, but I see that no body has real successful experiences on the modern agriculture.
十、 交通物流 Communication and Logistics
大庆位于中国黑龙江省西部，东距哈尔滨、西距齐齐哈尔2小时车程，是黑龙江西部的交通枢纽。境内滨洲、通让铁路交汇，连接哈大齐三市的G015国道等公路网络已经形成，形成以大庆为中站的两小时经济带。通过滨洲铁路，从大庆可以到达蒙古和俄罗斯，经松花江黄金水道也可直达俄罗斯，地缘和区位优势明显。
大庆到广州的高速公路正在建设中，2012年通车。
大庆到哈尔滨到北京的高速铁路2012年通车。
大庆到绥化的高速公路在建设中。
大庆飞机场在2008年投入运营，和国内近十座主要城市实现直航。
Daqing is located at the west of Heilongjiang province, and to the east 2 hours driving connected with Harbin City, west to Qiqihaer City about 1.5 hours.
There are railway, high way and national road and airport in Daqing city, Driving 2 hours, you can reach to an area of over 14 million population.
From east and west, Daqing has its railway to the customs connected with Russia.
Daqing has its water way to Harbin and Russia, too.
十一、 人力资源 Human Resources
现代农业在大庆处于初级阶段，但农业现代化进程已经全面启动。在这个背景下，大庆市场现有的中高级管理人才和技术人才稀缺，高级非农业专业人才也和北京、上海等大城市相差很远，所以，中高级人力资源短缺将是未来两到三年困扰投资现代农业的企业所面临的最严重的问题。
Although modern agriculture at Daqing city is just at its initial step, we can see that the development speed here is quite high. Under such situations, the lack of high end human resource is pretty serious, and high end non-agriculture talent is hard to hire, either. So this issue could be an obstacle for investors.
初级人才资源在大庆却很丰富，以下简要列举了人力成本：
初级管理人员（5年管理经验）平均4000元/人月（即6万元/人年）；农业技术人员（专业熟练）平均2500到4000元/人月（即4万到7万/人年）；
涉及的保险包括养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险、住房公积金；写字楼租金0.5到1元/平方米/天。
But the junior resources are abundant, here listed some cost for your reference:
Junior manager with 5 years experiences: 4000RMB/month (60,000RMB/year), tax is considered.
Technical engineer: average 2,500 to 4,000 RMB / month, (40,000 to 70,000 RMB /year, tax is considered)
And the tax may include old-age tax, job tax, medical tax, apartment tax, etc.
Office rent is about 0.5 to 1 RMB per square meter /day.
十二、 本地居民购买力简析 Local Purchasing Power Briefs
大庆总人口280万人，大庆市区占130万人，市区内石油石化相关企业职工80万以上，加上市政府和相关服务行业30万人，这些人平均年收入4万元左右，而且差别不大，优越感强，其它企业主要是自由职业者和小企业主，人数很少。由此我们可以大概推断，40万个家庭的收入差距较小，应该有80%家庭年收入在10万元以内，即104万人。甚至可以推断，最多有24万人（8万个家庭）是经常在大型超市购买蔬菜的，而购买有机蔬菜的家庭可能少于2000个。
The total population here is 2.8m, and 1.3m at downtown, and over 0.8m are working for the oil industry, and about 0.3m working for the government system and public service department, all these
people’s average annual income after tax is around 40,000RMB, and the difference is not much among them. This group of people has very strong sense of superiority, and they are the potential customers for the high end brand named product. And the rest residents are mostly some firm owners or farmers.
From above we can derive that about 80% families has annual income of 100,000RMB, and they buy or have potential to buy fresh vegetables from super market and maybe only 2000 families buy organic vegetables.
十三、 科研教学资源 University and Research Institute Resources
和以下机构合作存在一定可能性，他们的诉求包括合作中能发表论文、推出新技术成果等，经济利益是次要诉求。同样的，利用他们现有的实验基地完成部分试验也是外来企业降低前期投入的好办法。
There are 3 key organizations in Daqing area, including 2 universities and a science institute, just as listed below. Investors have potential possibility to co-operate with them. These organizations hope to write thesis and to get some economic support, etc. At the same time, they can provide some convenience to investor’s labs and equipment, so as to reduce the cost and risk in the initial stage.
东北农业大学概况 The briefs of Northeast griculture University.
See. http://www.neau.cn/english/
东北农业大学1948年创建于哈尔滨，1996年成为首批国家“211工程”重点建设大学。
学校以农科为优势，以生命科学和食品科学为特色，学科基础雄厚，整体实力较强。现有20个学院和1个教学部，涉及农学、工学、理学、经济学、管理学等学科门类；拥有3个国家重点学科，3个国家重点（培育）学科，2个农业部重点学科，2个省级重点学科群，6个省级一级重点学科，29个省级二级重点学科。
学校拥有教授、副教授和博士生导师任职资格审定权，师资队伍结构合理，整体水平较高。现有专任教师1 159人，其中教授229人，副教授288人；具有博士学位者446人，具有硕士学位者467。教师中有中国工程院院士1人，博士生导师164人。
拥有66个本科专业，6个一级学科博士点、32个博士学位授权点，8个一级学科硕士点、67个硕士学位授权点，8个博士后科研流动站、2个博士后科研工作站。设有农业部俄语培训中心及教育部赴俄留学培训基地。现有全日制在校生20 194人，其中研究生3 257人，本科生16 817人，外国留学生120人。
学校以“北方现代农业”和“北方寒地农业”为科研特色，紧紧围绕国家特别是黑龙江省农业科技发展重点、热点及难点问题开展科技攻关。设有2个国家级研究中心（国家乳业工程技术研究中心、国家大豆工程技术研究中心）。
黑龙江八一农垦大学概况 The briefs of Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University.
See. http://61.167.199.239/english/
黑龙江八一农垦大学是黑龙江省属全日制普通高等学校。学校创建于1958年，学校建有12个学院，设有43个本科专业，涉及农学、工学、管理学、理学、法学、文学、经济学等7大学科门类，拥有1个省重点学科群、1个省重点一级学科、5个省重点二级学科、2个二级学科博士点、农业部实验室（研究中心）9个、省中试基地1个、省教育厅工程技术研发中心2个、省高校重点实验室4个、省级实验教学示范中心4个、省部共建实验室8个。
学校面向全国23个省区招生，全日制在校生15 981人，其中博士、硕士研究生372人。现有专任教师861人，其中教授133人、副教授252人，具有博士学位教师104人、省级重点学科带头人8名，总局级重点学科带头人和后备带头人57名。当前，学校承担各级科研项目（课题）600余项，其中国家级20余项、省部级130余项、厅局级300余项。
学校坚持贯彻开放办学的理念，不断加强与国内外先进院校、科研机构的交流与合作。目前正在实施的有：与俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克国立经济服务大学的联合办学项目，与韩国国立江陵大学、韩国国立晋州产业大学的交换生项目及“中加合作—黑龙江省农产品加工工程技术研究中心”等项目。学校与俄罗斯、韩国、加拿大、乌克兰、美国、澳大利亚等国家的多所院校建立了长期的学术交流与合作关系。 黑龙江省农业科学院概况 The briefs of Heilongjiang Agriculture Science Institute.
http://221.212.126.117:8080/web/test.jsp?id=1040&class_id=1201
始建于1956年8月，为直属省政府的正厅级事业单位。经过50多年的建设和发展，已经成为在全省规模最大、在全国和国际上有重要影响的综合类农业科研机构。全院直属30个分院（研究所），分布在哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、大庆、佳木斯、牡丹江、绥化、黑河等不同生态类型区；建有国家马铃薯种质改良中心等38个国家级和省部级中心（分中心）、重点实验室；拥有1个人事部博士后工作站，有职工3230人，其中高级职称科研人员579人，省级重点学科带头人13人，享受国务院和省政府特殊津贴135人；建院以来，共获得省部级以上科技成果奖477项，其中国家级发明奖、科技进步二等以上奖37项，省长特别奖11项，占全省农业类重大奖项的85%以上，育成推广大豆、玉米、水稻、小麦、马铃薯、麻类、向日葵、杂粮、果蔬、花卉等新品种1083个，应用面积占全省农作物种植面积的70%以上，引领推动我省农作物品种更新换代5—6次，每年为全省农民多创造效益70多亿元，为我省粮食产能由300亿斤登上800亿斤台阶做出重大贡献。
十四、 大庆综述 Synthesize
通过以上信息可以看到：
1． 大庆是典型的资源型城市，产业结构严重依赖石油工业，亟待扶持第二个支柱产业。
2． 针对棚室农业，政策上是开放和积极的，为了尽快见到效益，短期内提高农户收入，
政府采取“先量后质”的政策，即用最优惠的政策引导用户进行4-3型温室的经营，预计两年内，大量4-3型温室将出现在大地上。正是因为这样，市场对现代农业技术和现代管理理念的需求才非常急迫。
3． 从资源优势来看，地理位置、本地购买力、地热资源、天然气资源、交通物流、人
口密度、教学与科研等方面，有一定优势，尤其是前四项；但不足之处包括人力资源短缺和现代农业、现代商业不发达，比起发达地区，商业还没有深入人心。
4． 从政治社会环境来看，这里社会稳定，居民收入人均年收入1万以下的和人均年收
入7万以上的占比小，60%集中在人均年收入1.8万到3万之间，估计有20%左右的居民人均年收入在3万到7万之间，属于大庆的中产阶级，他们优越感强，冒险精神差，多数在政府和油田公司核心部门工作。
5． 从工商业环境来看，政府运作相对东北其它城市还是要廉洁高效一些，进步积极性
高，当前一届政府属于自信开拓型政府，明显好于一般的二级城市；
6． 从市场环境看来，中高端农产品市场需求旺盛，但供给没有形成品牌竞争格局，还
存在大片高利润领域甚至待开发的空白领域，客户的消费热情还有很多没有释放。 From the information above, we can see:
1. Daqing is a typical resource based city, and half revenue relies on oil industry, and the
government is eagerly trying to fine tune the industry structure.
2. Focusing on green house industry, the policy is aggressive and positive, and in order to
improve the farmer’s income as soon as possible, the government plans to firstly enhance the quantity then to improve the quality, that means large amount of 4-3 model green house will be built in the coming 3 years, and in the process the demand for modern agriculture techniques will be pretty high.
3. From the background and resource, including geographic, buying power, under ground
heat, natural gas, communication, consumer structure, education resources, Daqing has it own advantages. But the shortage of high end human resource will last years in future.
4. From the social and political environment, Daqing is quite good. Dwellers here basically
satisfied with their life and revenue. People who has an annual income over 70,000 or below 10,000RMB are less, and about 60% people’s annual revenue is between 18,000 to 30,000RMB, and 20% between 30,000 to 70,000RMB. These people are the middle class of Daqing city, mostly working for oil industry.
5. From the administration environment, Daqing’s government is more efficiency and
honest, especially the current team is pretty aggressive, much better than some other secondary cities in China.
6. From the business environment, the demand of mid-high end product is pretty high
thanks to the local competitive buying power. There are a lot of space for new brand by which the customer’s zeal to consume could be released.
十五、 可能的合作方式 Possible Business model
以下阐述可能的几种合作方式，仅供参考。
1． 与不参与管理的企业或个人联合投资，独立拿地，独立生产和运营。
如在大同区拿地，自主建立生产基地，注册品牌，直接销售。
2． 与有销售能力的本地品牌厂合资。
如和龙泰集团合作。龙泰有品牌和大型超市市场渠道。
3． 转包本地企业的土地，给本地企业供货。
如和仁博产业合作，仁博已经建立了公司，正在完善管理体系，但生产能力差，存在可能签署合同租用他们的土地，给他们供货。
There are 3 possible biz models, listed as below for your reference:
1. Co-invest with company who will not take part in operation, and rent land from the
government, and then run the business.
2. Co-invest with company who has brand and the ability to sell products. Longtai Group for
instance.
3. Rent land from local company, produce and sell the products to the company. Renbo Ltd
for instance.
十六、 来大庆考察的安排建议 Suggested Schedule
乘飞机来大庆可在北京、上海、广州、青岛、西安、成都、杭州登机。 也可以先到哈尔滨，我们可以安排车来接机，约2小时路程到大庆。
在大庆，
第一天：到第一农业区县----大同区，参观育苗工厂，葡萄基地，草莓温室，会见区领导。（也可以安排五区四县的其它区县）
第二天：考察林甸县温泉棚室，见县招商局，见当地企业领导。
第三天：会见大学和科研院所，参观试验室（Venlo），考察超市
第四天：早晨会见市招商局，下午返程飞机
四天行程，希望能使您对大庆的基本状况有全面的了解。
It’s a four days schedule:
Taking flight from Beijing or Shanghai or Guangzhou, or Qingdao, or Xian, or Chengdu, or Hangzhou, directly to Daqing city.
At Daqing,
1st day visit Datong District, the biggest agriculture district of Daqing city, visit a seeding factory, grapes base, strawberry green house, meet the District leaders.
2nd day, visit spring green house at Lindian county, meet the county’s governor. 3rd day, visit universities and its lab(Venlo), then met some bosses of local companies, then visit supermarket.
4th day, meet the city’s governor, to sign a invest intention letter or a memorandum.
本文相关数据来源均来自合法渠道，作为参考资料，希望能为贵公司前期考察助力。 All these data are from legal channel, and just for the use of reference for investors, and personally, I hope you enjoy your life and business.
张谊文
Leo Zhang
Tel：[1**********]（大庆）[1**********]（上海）
Email: [email protected]