经济金融词汇

经济金融术语汉英对照表(表一) A

安全网

按可比口径

按轻重缓急

暗补

暗亏

B

颁发营业执照

办理存款业务

保护农民的生产积极性

备付金(超额准备金)

本外币并账

本外币对冲操作

本位利益

奔小康

避税(请见“逃税”)

币种搭配不当

币种构成

变相社会集资

表外科目(业务)

薄弱环节

不变成本

不变价

不动产

不良贷款(资产)

C

财务公司

财政赤字

财政挤银行

财政政策与货币政策的配合 采取循序渐进的方法

操作弹性

操纵汇率

产品构成

产品积压

产销率

产销衔接

产业政策

长期国债 safety net on comparable basis to prioritize implicit subsidy hidden loss to license;to grant a licence to to take deposits to protect farmers'incentive to produce excess reserves consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts sterilization operation localized interest;departmentalism to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do tax avoidance currency mismatch currency composition disguised irregular(or illegal) fund raising off-balance-sheet items(operation ) weaknesses;loopholes fixed cost at constant price;in real terms real estate problem loans;non-performing loans(assets ) finance companies fiscal deficit fiscal pressure on the central bank (over monetary policy) coordination of fiscal and monetary policies in a phased and sequenced manner operational flexibility to manipulate exchange rate product composition;product mix stock pile;excessive inventory current period inventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/output ratio marketability industrial policy treasury bonds

炒股

承购包销

成套机电产品

城市信用社

城市合作银行

城市商业银行

城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 持续升温

重复布点

重置成本

重组计划

筹资渠道

初见成效

出口统一管理、归口经营 出口退税

储蓄存款

储蓄分流

储源萎缩

传导机制

从价税

从紧控制

存贷款比例

存款保险体系

存款货币银行

存款准备金

D

打白条

大额存单

大额提现

大面积滑坡

大一统的银行体制

呆账(请见“坏账”)

呆账准备金

呆滞贷款

贷款沉淀

贷款分类

贷款限额管理

贷款约束机制

代理国库

代理金融机构贷款

戴帽贷款 to speculate in the stock market underwrite (securities ) complete sets of equipment;complete plant(s ) urban credit cooperatives(UCCs ) urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks municipal commercial banks real growth in household income persistent overheating duplicate projects replacement cost restructuring plan funding sources;financing channels initial success canalization of exports export tax rebate household deposits (不完全等同于西方savingsdeposits ,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。) diversion of household deposits decline in the availability of household savings transmission mechanism ad valorem tax tight control loan/deposit ratio deposit insurance system deposit money banks required reserves issue IOU certificate of deposit(CD ) withdraw deposits in large amounts wide-spread decline (all-in-one )mono-bank system bad loans loan loss reserves(provisions ) idle loans non-performing loans loan classification credit control;to impose credit ceiling credit disciplinary(constraint )mechanism to act as fiscal agent make loans on behalf of other institutions ear-marked loans

道德风险

地区差别

第一产业

第二产业

第三产业

递延资产

订货不足

定期存款

定向募集

东道国(请见“母国”)

独立核算

短期国债

对冲操作

对非金融部门债权

多种所有制形式

E

恶性通货膨胀

二级市场

F

发行货币

发行总股本

法定准备金

法人股

法人股东

法治

房地产投资

放松银根

非现场稽核

非银行金融机构

非赢利性机构

分税制

分业经营

风险暴露(风险敞口)

风险管理

风险意识

风险资本比例

风险资本标准

服务事业收入

扶贫 monetary condition moral hazard regional disparity the primary industry the secondary industry the service industry;the tertiary industry deferrable assets insufficient orders time deposits raising funds from targeted sources host country independent accounting treasury bills sterilization operation;hedging claims on non-financial sector diversified ownership hyperinflation secondary market to issue currency total stock issue required reserves;reserve requirement institutional shares institutional shareholders rule of law real estate investment to ease monetary policy off-site surveillance(or monitoring) non-bank financial institutions non-profit organizations assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system segregation of financial busines (services );division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions risk exposure risk management risk awareness risk-weighted capital ratios risk-based capital standard public service charges;user's charges poverty alleviation

复式预算制

G

改革试点

杠杆率

杠杆收购

高息集资

个人股

根本扭转

公开市场操作

公款私存

公用事业

公有经济

公有制

工业成本利润率

工业增加值

供大于求

鼓励措施

股份合作企业

股份制企业

股份制银行

固定资产贷款

关税减免

关税减让

关税优惠

规范行为

规模效益

国计民生

国家对个人其他支出

国家风险

国际分工

国际收支

国有独资商业银行

国有经济(部门)

国有企业

国有制

国有资产流失

国债回购

国债一级自营商

过度竞争

过度膨胀

过热迹象

H double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account reform experimentation leverage ratio leveraged buyout to raise funds by offering high interest non-institutional shares fundamental turnaround(or reversal) open market operations deposit public funds in personal accounts public utilities the state-owned sector;the public sector public ownership profit-to-cost ratio industrial value added supply exceeding demand;excessive supply incentives joint-equity cooperative enterprises joint-equity enterprises joint-equity banks fixed asset loans tariff reduction and exemption tariff concessions tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment to regularize(or standardize)…behavior economies of scale national interest and people's livelihood other government outlays to individuals country risk international division of labor balance of payments wholly state-owned commercial banks the state-owned(or public)sector state-owned enterprises(SOEs ) state-ownership erosion of state assets government securities repurchase primary underwriters of government securities excessive competition excessive expansion signs of overheating

核心资本

合资企业

红利

宏观经济运营良好

宏观经济基本状况

宏观调控

宏观调控目标

坏账

还本付息

换汇成本

汇兑在途

汇兑支出

汇率并轨

活期存款

汇率失调

混合所有制

货币政策态势

货款拖欠

J

基本建设投资

基本经济要素

基本适度

经济金融术语汉英对照表(表二)所有者权益

T

逃税(请见“避税”)

套汇

剔除季节性因素

调节流动性

贴现窗口

同比

同业拆借(放)

同业拆借市场利率(中国) 同业融通票据

同业往来

透支

退税

头寸

吞吐基础货币 core capital joint-venture enterprises dividend sound macroeconomic performance macroeconomic fundamentals macroeconomic management(or adjustment) macroeconomic objectives(or targets) bad debt debt service unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings funds in float advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank unification of exchange rates demand deposits exchange rate misalignment diversified (mixed )ownership monetary policy stance overdue obligations to suppliers investment in infrastructure economic fundamentals broadly appropriate owner's equity tax evasion (1)指合法:currency swap;arbitrage (2)指非法:illegal purchase of foreign exchange seasonally adjusted to influence liquidity level discount window on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year inter-bank borrowing(lending ) CHIBOR (China inter-bank offered rate) inter-bank financing bills inter-bank transactions overdraft tax refund(rebate ) position adjustment of monetary base

W

外部审计

外国直接投资

外汇储备

外汇调剂

外汇占款

外向型经济

外债

外资企业

完善现代企业制度

完税凭证

违法经营

委托存款

稳步增长

稳健的银行系统

稳中求进

无纸交易

物价监测

X

吸纳流动性

稀缺经济

洗钱

系统内调度

系统性金融危机

下岗工人

下游企业

现场稽核

现金滞留(居民手中)

乡镇企业

消费物价指数

消费税

消灭财政赤字

销货款回笼

销售平淡

协议外资金额

新经济增长点

新开工项目

新增贷款

新增就业位置 external audit foreign direct investment (FDI ) foreign exchange reserves foreign exchange swap the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings export-oriented economy external debt foreign-funded enterprises to improve the modern enterprise system tax payment documentation illegal business entrusted deposits steady growth a sound banking system to make progress while ensuring stability book-entry (or paperless/scriptless)transaction price monitoring to absorb liquidity scarcity economy money laundering fund allocation within a bank systemic financial crisis laid-off employees down-stream enterprises on-site examination cash held outside the banking system township and village enterprises(TVEs ) consumer price index(CPI ) excise (consumption )tax to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system lackluster sales committed amount of foreign investment new sources of economic growth new projects;newly started projects incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion new jobs;new job opportunities

信贷规模考核

信号失真

信托投资公司

信息不对称

信息反馈

信息共享系统

信息披露

信用扩张

信用评级

姓“资”还是姓“社”

行政措施

需求膨胀

虚伪存款

削减冗员

寻租

迅速反弹

Y

养老基金

一刀切

一级市场

应收未收利息

银行网点

赢利能力

营业税

硬贷款(商业贷款)

用地审批

有管理的浮动汇率

证券投资

游资(热钱)

有市场的产品

有效供给

诱发新一轮经济扩张

逾期贷款

与国际惯例接轨

与国际市场接轨

预算外支出(收入)

预调

月环比

Z

再贷款 review the compliance with credit ceilings distorted signals trust and investment companies information asymmetry feedback (information ) information sharing system information disclosure credir expansion credit rating pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist administrative measures demand expansion; excessive demand window-dressing deposits to shed excess labor force rent seeking quick rebound pension fund universal application;non-discretionary implementation primary market overdue interest banking outlets profitability business tax commercial loans to grant land use right managed floating exchange rate portfolio investment hot money marketable products effective supply trigger a new round of economic expansion overdue loans;past-due loans to become compatible with internationally accepted to integrate with the world market off-budget (extra-budgetary ) expenditure (revenue ) pre-emptive adjustment on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis central bank lending

在国际金融机构储备头寸 在人行存款

在途资金

增加农业投入

增势减缓

增收节支措施

增长平稳

增值税

涨幅偏高

账外账

折旧

整顿

政策工具

政策性业务

政策性银行

政策组合

政府干预

证券交易清算

证券业务占款

支付困难

支付能力

直接调控方式向

间接调控方式转变职能转换职业道德

指令性措施

指令性计划

制定和实施货币政策

滞后影响

中介机构

中央与地方财政

分灶吃饭重点建设

周期谷底

周转速度

主办银行

主权风险

注册资本

逐步到位

逐步取消 reserve position in international financial institutions deposits at (with ) the central bank fund in float to increase investment in agriculture deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures steady growth value-added tax(VAT ) higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth concealed accounts depreciation retrenchment;consolidation policy instrument policy-related operations policy banks policy mix government intervention settlement of securities transactions funding of securities purchase payment difficulty payment capacity to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments transformation of functions professional ethics mandatory measures mandatory plan;administered plan to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy lagged effect intermediaries delineation of fiscal responsibilities key construction projects;key investment project bottom (trough )of business cycle velocity main bank sovereign risk registered capital to phase in;phased implementation to phase out

抓大放小

专款专用

转贷

转轨经济

转机

转折关头

准财政赤字

准货币

资本不足

资本充足率

资本利润率

资本账户可兑换

资不抵债

资产负债表

资产负债率

资产集中

资产贡献率

资产利润率

资产质量

资产组合

资金成本

资金到位

资金宽裕

资金利用率

资金缺口

资金体外循环

资金占压

自筹投资项目

自有资金

综合国力

综合效益指标

综合治理

总成交额

总交易量

总成本

所有者权益

T

逃税(请见“避税”)

套汇 to seize the big and free the small (to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition) use of funds as ear-marked on-lending transition economy turnaround turning point quasi-fiscal deficit quasi-money under-capitalized capital adequacy ratio return on capital capital account convertibility insolvent;insolvency balance sheet liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets asset concentration asset contribution factor return on assets (ROA ) asset quality asset portfolio cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost fully funded (project ) to have sufficient funds fund utilization rate financing gap financial disintermediation funds tied up self-financed projects equity fund overall national strength (often measured by GDP ) overall efficiency indicator comprehensive adjustmen (retrenchment );over-haul total contract value total amount of transactions total cost owner's equity tax evasion (1)指合法:currency swap;arbitrage (2)指

剔除季节性因素

调节流动性

贴现窗口

同比

同业拆借(放)

经济金融术语汉英对照表(表三) 基准利率

机关团体存款

机会成本

激励机制

积压严重

挤提存款

挤占挪用

技改投资

技术密集型产品

计划单列市

计划经济

集体经济

加大结构调整力度

加工贸易

加快态势

加强税收征管稽查

加权价

价格放开

价格形成机制

减亏

简化手续

交投活跃

缴存准备金

结构扭曲

结构失调

结构性矛盾突出

结构优化

结汇、售汇

金融脆弱

金融动荡

金融风波

金融恐慌

金融危机

金融压抑 非法:illegal purchase of foreign exchange seasonally adjusted to influence liquidity level discount window on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year inter-bank borrowing(lending ) benchmark interest rate deposits of non-profit institutions opportunity cost incentive mechanism heavy stockpile;excessive inventory run on banks unwarranted diversion of (financial )resources (from designated uses) investment in technological upgrading technology-intensive product municipalities with independent planning status planned economy the collective sector to intensify structural adjustment processing trade accelerating trend to enhance tax administration weighted average price price liberalization pricing mechanism to reduce losses to cut red tape;to simplify (streamline )procedures brisk trading to deposit required reserves structural distortion structural imbalance acute structural imbalance structural improvement(optimization ) sale and purchase of foreign exchange financial fragility financial turbulence financial disturbance financial panic financial crisis financial repression

金融诈骗

紧缩银根

紧缩政策

经常账户可兑换

经济特区

经济体制改革

经济增长方式的转变

经济增长减速

经济制裁

经营自主权

景气回升

境外投资

竞争加剧

局部性金融风波

K

开办人民币业务

可维持(可持续)经济增长

可变成本

可自由兑换货币

控制现金投放

扣除物价因素

库存产品

跨国银行业务

跨年度采购

会计准则

L

来料加工

离岸银行业务

理顺外贸体制

利率杠杆的调节作用

利润驱动

利息回收率

联行清算

连锁企业

良性循环

两极分化

零售物价指数

流动性比例

流动资产周转率/流通速度

流动资金贷款 financial fraud to tighten monetary policy austerity policies;tight financial policies current account convertibility special economic zones(SEZs ) economic reform change in the main source of economic growth (from investment expansion to efficiency gains) economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth economic sanction autonomy in management recovery in business activity overseas investment intensifying competition localized (isolated )financial disturbance to engage in RMB business sustainable economic growth variable cost freely convertible currency control currency issuance in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis inventory cross-border banking cross-year procurement accounting standard processing of imported materials for export off-shore banking(business ) to rationalize foreign trade regime the role of interest rates in resource allocation profit-driven interest collection ratio inter-bank settlement franchise (businesses );chain businesses virtuous cycle growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution retail price index(RPI ) liquidity ratio velocity of liquid assets working capital loans

流通网络

留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物) 垄断行业

乱集资

乱收费

乱摊派

M

买方市场

卖方市场

卖出回购证券

贸易差额

民间信用

免二减三

明补

明亏

名牌产品

母国(请见“东道国”)

N

内部控制

内部审计

内地与香港

内债

扭亏为盈

扭曲金融分配

农副产品采购支出

农村信用社

P

泡沫效应

泡沫经济

培育新的经济增长点

片面追求发展速度

平衡发展

瓶颈制约

平稳回升

铺底流动资金

普遍回升

配套改革

配套人民币资金

Q

企业办社会 distribution network hire purchase monopolized industry(sector ) irregular (illegal )fund raising irregular (illegal )charges unjustified (arbitrary )levies buyer's market seller's market matched sale of repo trade balance non-institutionalized credit exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years explicit subsidy explicit loss brand products home country internal control internal audit the mainland and Hong Kong domestic debt to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one distorted allocation of financial resources outlays for agricultural procurement rural credit cooperatives(RCCs ) bubble effect bubble economy to tap new sources of economic growth excessive pursuit of growth balanced development bottleneck (constraints ) steady recovery initial (start-up )working capital broad-based recovery concomitant (supporting )reforms local currency funding of… enterprises burdened with social responsibilities

企业集团战略

企业兼并重组

企业领导班子

企业所得税

企业效益

企业资金违规流入股市 欠税

欠息

强化税收征管

强制措施

翘尾因素

切一刀

清理收回贷款

(破产)清算

倾斜政策

区别对待

趋势加强

全球化

权益回报率

缺乏后劲

R

绕规模贷款

人均国内生产总值

人均收入

人民币升值压力

认缴资本

软贷款

软预算约束

软着陆

S

三角债

善政廉政

商业贷款

上市公司

设备利用

社会保障

深层次矛盾

审批金融机构

审慎监管

生产能力闲置

生息资产

实际利用外资 corporate group strategy company merger and restructuring enterprise management enterprise (corporate )income tax corporate profitability irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market tax arrears overdue interest to strengthen tax administration enforcement action carryover effect partial application clean up and recover loans liquidation preferential policy differential treatment intensifying trend globalization returns on equity(ROE ) unsustainable momentum to circumvent credit ceiling per capita GDP per capita income upward pressure on the Renminbi (exchange rate ) subscribed capital soft loans soft budget constraint soft landing chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears good governance commercial loans (publicly )listed corporations capacity utilization social safety net;social security(insurance ) deep-rooted structural imbalance to license financial institutions prudential supervision unutilized capacity interest-bearing assets disbursement of foreign capital;actual inflow of

foreign investment

实际有效汇率

实时

实收资本

实现利润

市场分割

市场经济

市场占有率(市场份额) 市场准入

市价总值

适度从紧

适时调节

收回对金融机构贷款

税后还贷

税收流失

税源不足

私营经济(私人经济) 私有制

经济金融术语汉英对照表(表四)同业拆借市场利率(中国) 同业融通票据

同业往来

透支

退税

头寸

吞吐基础货币

脱媒现象

W

外部审计

外国直接投资

外汇储备

外汇调剂

外汇占款

外向型经济

外债

外资企业

完善现代企业制度

完税凭证

违法经营

委托存款 real effective exchange rate real time paid-in capital realized profit market segmentation market economy market share market access(指商品和劳务的进入);market entry (指机构的审批) market capitalization appropriately tight timely adjustment to recall central bank loans (to financial institutions ) amortization (repayment of loans)after tax tax erosion weak tax base the private sector private ownership CHIBOR (China inter-bank offered rate) inter-bank financing bills inter-bank transactions overdraft tax refund(rebate ) position adjustment of monetary base disintermediation external audit foreign direct investment (FDI ) foreign exchange reserves foreign exchange swap the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings export-oriented economy external debt foreign-funded enterprises to improve the modern enterprise system tax payment documentation illegal business entrusted deposits

稳健的银行系统 稳中求进

无纸交易

物价监测

X

吸纳流动性

稀缺经济

洗钱

系统内调度

系统性金融危机 下岗工人

下游企业

现场稽核

现金滞留(居民手中)乡镇企业

消费物价指数

消费税

消灭财政赤字

销货款回笼

销售平淡

协议外资金额

新经济增长点

新开工项目

新增贷款

新增就业位置

信贷规模考核

信号失真

信托投资公司

信息不对称

信息反馈

信息共享系统

信息披露

信用扩张

信用评级

姓“资”还是姓“社” 行政措施

需求膨胀

虚伪存款

削减冗员

寻租 a sound banking system to make progress while ensuring stability book-entry (or paperless/scriptless)transaction price monitoring to absorb liquidity scarcity economy money laundering fund allocation within a bank systemic financial crisis laid-off employees down-stream enterprises on-site examination cash held outside the banking system township and village enterprises(TVEs ) consumer price index(CPI ) excise (consumption )tax to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system lackluster sales committed amount of foreign investment new sources of economic growth new projects;newly started projects incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion new jobs;new job opportunities review the compliance with credit ceilings distorted signals trust and investment companies information asymmetry feedback (information ) information sharing system information disclosure credir expansion credit rating pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist administrative measures demand expansion; excessive demand window-dressing deposits to shed excess labor force rent seeking

Y

养老基金

一刀切

一级市场

应收未收利息

银行网点

赢利能力

营业税

硬贷款(商业贷款) 用地审批

有管理的浮动汇率 证券投资

游资(热钱)

有市场的产品

有效供给

诱发新一轮经济扩张 逾期贷款

与国际惯例接轨 与国际市场接轨 预算外支出(收入) 预调

月环比

Z

再贷款

在国际金融机构储备头寸在人行存款

在途资金

增加农业投入

增势减缓

增收节支措施

增长平稳

增值税

涨幅偏高

账外账

折旧

整顿 pension fund universal application;non-discretionary implementation primary market overdue interest banking outlets profitability business tax commercial loans to grant land use right managed floating exchange rate portfolio investment hot money marketable products effective supply trigger a new round of economic expansion overdue loans;past-due loans to become compatible with internationally accepted to integrate with the world market off-budget (extra-budgetary ) expenditure (revenue ) pre-emptive adjustment on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis central bank lending reserve position in international financial institutions deposits at (with ) the central bank fund in float to increase investment in agriculture deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures steady growth value-added tax(VAT ) higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth concealed accounts depreciation retrenchment;consolidation

政策性业务

政策性银行

政策组合

政府干预

证券交易清算

证券业务占款

支付困难

支付能力

直接调控方式向

间接调控方式转变职能转换职业道德

指令性措施

指令性计划

制定和实施货币政策 滞后影响

中介机构

中央与地方财政 分灶吃饭重点建设 周期谷底

周转速度

主办银行

主权风险

注册资本

逐步到位

逐步取消

抓大放小

专款专用

转贷

转轨经济

转机

转折关头

准财政赤字

准货币

资本不足

资本充足率

资本利润率

资本账户可兑换 资不抵债 policy-related operations policy banks policy mix government intervention settlement of securities transactions funding of securities purchase payment difficulty payment capacity to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments transformation of functions professional ethics mandatory measures mandatory plan;administered plan to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy lagged effect intermediaries delineation of fiscal responsibilities key construction projects;key investment project bottom (trough )of business cycle velocity main bank sovereign risk registered capital to phase in;phased implementation to phase out to seize the big and free the small (to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition) use of funds as ear-marked on-lending transition economy turnaround turning point quasi-fiscal deficit quasi-money under-capitalized capital adequacy ratio return on capital capital account convertibility insolvent;insolvency

资产负债率 资产集中 资产贡献率 资产利润率 资产质量 资产组合 资金成本 资金到位 资金宽裕 资金利用率 资金缺口 资金体外循环资金占压 自筹投资项目自有资金 综合国力 综合效益指标综合治理 总成交额 总交易量 总成本 最后贷款人 最后贷款人 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets asset concentration asset contribution factor return on assets (ROA ) asset quality asset portfolio cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost fully funded (project ) to have sufficient funds fund utilization rate financing gap financial disintermediation funds tied up self-financed projects equity fund overall national strength (often measured by GDP ) overall efficiency indicator comprehensive adjustment (retrenchment );over-haul total contract value total amount of transactions total cost lender of last resort lender of last resort

经济金融术语汉英对照表(表一) A

安全网

按可比口径

按轻重缓急

暗补

暗亏

B

颁发营业执照

办理存款业务

保护农民的生产积极性

备付金(超额准备金)

本外币并账

本外币对冲操作

本位利益

奔小康

避税(请见“逃税”)

币种搭配不当

币种构成

变相社会集资

表外科目(业务)

薄弱环节

不变成本

不变价

不动产

不良贷款(资产)

C

财务公司

财政赤字

财政挤银行

财政政策与货币政策的配合 采取循序渐进的方法

操作弹性

操纵汇率

产品构成

产品积压

产销率

产销衔接

产业政策

长期国债 safety net on comparable basis to prioritize implicit subsidy hidden loss to license;to grant a licence to to take deposits to protect farmers'incentive to produce excess reserves consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts sterilization operation localized interest;departmentalism to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do tax avoidance currency mismatch currency composition disguised irregular(or illegal) fund raising off-balance-sheet items(operation ) weaknesses;loopholes fixed cost at constant price;in real terms real estate problem loans;non-performing loans(assets ) finance companies fiscal deficit fiscal pressure on the central bank (over monetary policy) coordination of fiscal and monetary policies in a phased and sequenced manner operational flexibility to manipulate exchange rate product composition;product mix stock pile;excessive inventory current period inventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/output ratio marketability industrial policy treasury bonds

炒股

承购包销

成套机电产品

城市信用社

城市合作银行

城市商业银行

城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 持续升温

重复布点

重置成本

重组计划

筹资渠道

初见成效

出口统一管理、归口经营 出口退税

储蓄存款

储蓄分流

储源萎缩

传导机制

从价税

从紧控制

存贷款比例

存款保险体系

存款货币银行

存款准备金

D

打白条

大额存单

大额提现

大面积滑坡

大一统的银行体制

呆账(请见“坏账”)

呆账准备金

呆滞贷款

贷款沉淀

贷款分类

贷款限额管理

贷款约束机制

代理国库

代理金融机构贷款

戴帽贷款 to speculate in the stock market underwrite (securities ) complete sets of equipment;complete plant(s ) urban credit cooperatives(UCCs ) urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks municipal commercial banks real growth in household income persistent overheating duplicate projects replacement cost restructuring plan funding sources;financing channels initial success canalization of exports export tax rebate household deposits (不完全等同于西方savingsdeposits ,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。) diversion of household deposits decline in the availability of household savings transmission mechanism ad valorem tax tight control loan/deposit ratio deposit insurance system deposit money banks required reserves issue IOU certificate of deposit(CD ) withdraw deposits in large amounts wide-spread decline (all-in-one )mono-bank system bad loans loan loss reserves(provisions ) idle loans non-performing loans loan classification credit control;to impose credit ceiling credit disciplinary(constraint )mechanism to act as fiscal agent make loans on behalf of other institutions ear-marked loans

道德风险

地区差别

第一产业

第二产业

第三产业

递延资产

订货不足

定期存款

定向募集

东道国(请见“母国”)

独立核算

短期国债

对冲操作

对非金融部门债权

多种所有制形式

E

恶性通货膨胀

二级市场

F

发行货币

发行总股本

法定准备金

法人股

法人股东

法治

房地产投资

放松银根

非现场稽核

非银行金融机构

非赢利性机构

分税制

分业经营

风险暴露(风险敞口)

风险管理

风险意识

风险资本比例

风险资本标准

服务事业收入

扶贫 monetary condition moral hazard regional disparity the primary industry the secondary industry the service industry;the tertiary industry deferrable assets insufficient orders time deposits raising funds from targeted sources host country independent accounting treasury bills sterilization operation;hedging claims on non-financial sector diversified ownership hyperinflation secondary market to issue currency total stock issue required reserves;reserve requirement institutional shares institutional shareholders rule of law real estate investment to ease monetary policy off-site surveillance(or monitoring) non-bank financial institutions non-profit organizations assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system segregation of financial busines (services );division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions risk exposure risk management risk awareness risk-weighted capital ratios risk-based capital standard public service charges;user's charges poverty alleviation

复式预算制

G

改革试点

杠杆率

杠杆收购

高息集资

个人股

根本扭转

公开市场操作

公款私存

公用事业

公有经济

公有制

工业成本利润率

工业增加值

供大于求

鼓励措施

股份合作企业

股份制企业

股份制银行

固定资产贷款

关税减免

关税减让

关税优惠

规范行为

规模效益

国计民生

国家对个人其他支出

国家风险

国际分工

国际收支

国有独资商业银行

国有经济(部门)

国有企业

国有制

国有资产流失

国债回购

国债一级自营商

过度竞争

过度膨胀

过热迹象

H double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account reform experimentation leverage ratio leveraged buyout to raise funds by offering high interest non-institutional shares fundamental turnaround(or reversal) open market operations deposit public funds in personal accounts public utilities the state-owned sector;the public sector public ownership profit-to-cost ratio industrial value added supply exceeding demand;excessive supply incentives joint-equity cooperative enterprises joint-equity enterprises joint-equity banks fixed asset loans tariff reduction and exemption tariff concessions tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment to regularize(or standardize)…behavior economies of scale national interest and people's livelihood other government outlays to individuals country risk international division of labor balance of payments wholly state-owned commercial banks the state-owned(or public)sector state-owned enterprises(SOEs ) state-ownership erosion of state assets government securities repurchase primary underwriters of government securities excessive competition excessive expansion signs of overheating

核心资本

合资企业

红利

宏观经济运营良好

宏观经济基本状况

宏观调控

宏观调控目标

坏账

还本付息

换汇成本

汇兑在途

汇兑支出

汇率并轨

活期存款

汇率失调

混合所有制

货币政策态势

货款拖欠

J

基本建设投资

基本经济要素

基本适度

经济金融术语汉英对照表(表二)所有者权益

T

逃税(请见“避税”)

套汇

剔除季节性因素

调节流动性

贴现窗口

同比

同业拆借(放)

同业拆借市场利率(中国) 同业融通票据

同业往来

透支

退税

头寸

吞吐基础货币 core capital joint-venture enterprises dividend sound macroeconomic performance macroeconomic fundamentals macroeconomic management(or adjustment) macroeconomic objectives(or targets) bad debt debt service unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings funds in float advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank unification of exchange rates demand deposits exchange rate misalignment diversified (mixed )ownership monetary policy stance overdue obligations to suppliers investment in infrastructure economic fundamentals broadly appropriate owner's equity tax evasion (1)指合法:currency swap;arbitrage (2)指非法:illegal purchase of foreign exchange seasonally adjusted to influence liquidity level discount window on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year inter-bank borrowing(lending ) CHIBOR (China inter-bank offered rate) inter-bank financing bills inter-bank transactions overdraft tax refund(rebate ) position adjustment of monetary base

W

外部审计

外国直接投资

外汇储备

外汇调剂

外汇占款

外向型经济

外债

外资企业

完善现代企业制度

完税凭证

违法经营

委托存款

稳步增长

稳健的银行系统

稳中求进

无纸交易

物价监测

X

吸纳流动性

稀缺经济

洗钱

系统内调度

系统性金融危机

下岗工人

下游企业

现场稽核

现金滞留(居民手中)

乡镇企业

消费物价指数

消费税

消灭财政赤字

销货款回笼

销售平淡

协议外资金额

新经济增长点

新开工项目

新增贷款

新增就业位置 external audit foreign direct investment (FDI ) foreign exchange reserves foreign exchange swap the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings export-oriented economy external debt foreign-funded enterprises to improve the modern enterprise system tax payment documentation illegal business entrusted deposits steady growth a sound banking system to make progress while ensuring stability book-entry (or paperless/scriptless)transaction price monitoring to absorb liquidity scarcity economy money laundering fund allocation within a bank systemic financial crisis laid-off employees down-stream enterprises on-site examination cash held outside the banking system township and village enterprises(TVEs ) consumer price index(CPI ) excise (consumption )tax to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system lackluster sales committed amount of foreign investment new sources of economic growth new projects;newly started projects incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion new jobs;new job opportunities

信贷规模考核

信号失真

信托投资公司

信息不对称

信息反馈

信息共享系统

信息披露

信用扩张

信用评级

姓“资”还是姓“社”

行政措施

需求膨胀

虚伪存款

削减冗员

寻租

迅速反弹

Y

养老基金

一刀切

一级市场

应收未收利息

银行网点

赢利能力

营业税

硬贷款(商业贷款)

用地审批

有管理的浮动汇率

证券投资

游资(热钱)

有市场的产品

有效供给

诱发新一轮经济扩张

逾期贷款

与国际惯例接轨

与国际市场接轨

预算外支出(收入)

预调

月环比

Z

再贷款 review the compliance with credit ceilings distorted signals trust and investment companies information asymmetry feedback (information ) information sharing system information disclosure credir expansion credit rating pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist administrative measures demand expansion; excessive demand window-dressing deposits to shed excess labor force rent seeking quick rebound pension fund universal application;non-discretionary implementation primary market overdue interest banking outlets profitability business tax commercial loans to grant land use right managed floating exchange rate portfolio investment hot money marketable products effective supply trigger a new round of economic expansion overdue loans;past-due loans to become compatible with internationally accepted to integrate with the world market off-budget (extra-budgetary ) expenditure (revenue ) pre-emptive adjustment on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis central bank lending

在国际金融机构储备头寸 在人行存款

在途资金

增加农业投入

增势减缓

增收节支措施

增长平稳

增值税

涨幅偏高

账外账

折旧

整顿

政策工具

政策性业务

政策性银行

政策组合

政府干预

证券交易清算

证券业务占款

支付困难

支付能力

直接调控方式向

间接调控方式转变职能转换职业道德

指令性措施

指令性计划

制定和实施货币政策

滞后影响

中介机构

中央与地方财政

分灶吃饭重点建设

周期谷底

周转速度

主办银行

主权风险

注册资本

逐步到位

逐步取消 reserve position in international financial institutions deposits at (with ) the central bank fund in float to increase investment in agriculture deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures steady growth value-added tax(VAT ) higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth concealed accounts depreciation retrenchment;consolidation policy instrument policy-related operations policy banks policy mix government intervention settlement of securities transactions funding of securities purchase payment difficulty payment capacity to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments transformation of functions professional ethics mandatory measures mandatory plan;administered plan to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy lagged effect intermediaries delineation of fiscal responsibilities key construction projects;key investment project bottom (trough )of business cycle velocity main bank sovereign risk registered capital to phase in;phased implementation to phase out

抓大放小

专款专用

转贷

转轨经济

转机

转折关头

准财政赤字

准货币

资本不足

资本充足率

资本利润率

资本账户可兑换

资不抵债

资产负债表

资产负债率

资产集中

资产贡献率

资产利润率

资产质量

资产组合

资金成本

资金到位

资金宽裕

资金利用率

资金缺口

资金体外循环

资金占压

自筹投资项目

自有资金

综合国力

综合效益指标

综合治理

总成交额

总交易量

总成本

所有者权益

T

逃税(请见“避税”)

套汇 to seize the big and free the small (to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition) use of funds as ear-marked on-lending transition economy turnaround turning point quasi-fiscal deficit quasi-money under-capitalized capital adequacy ratio return on capital capital account convertibility insolvent;insolvency balance sheet liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets asset concentration asset contribution factor return on assets (ROA ) asset quality asset portfolio cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost fully funded (project ) to have sufficient funds fund utilization rate financing gap financial disintermediation funds tied up self-financed projects equity fund overall national strength (often measured by GDP ) overall efficiency indicator comprehensive adjustmen (retrenchment );over-haul total contract value total amount of transactions total cost owner's equity tax evasion (1)指合法:currency swap;arbitrage (2)指

剔除季节性因素

调节流动性

贴现窗口

同比

同业拆借(放)

经济金融术语汉英对照表(表三) 基准利率

机关团体存款

机会成本

激励机制

积压严重

挤提存款

挤占挪用

技改投资

技术密集型产品

计划单列市

计划经济

集体经济

加大结构调整力度

加工贸易

加快态势

加强税收征管稽查

加权价

价格放开

价格形成机制

减亏

简化手续

交投活跃

缴存准备金

结构扭曲

结构失调

结构性矛盾突出

结构优化

结汇、售汇

金融脆弱

金融动荡

金融风波

金融恐慌

金融危机

金融压抑 非法:illegal purchase of foreign exchange seasonally adjusted to influence liquidity level discount window on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year inter-bank borrowing(lending ) benchmark interest rate deposits of non-profit institutions opportunity cost incentive mechanism heavy stockpile;excessive inventory run on banks unwarranted diversion of (financial )resources (from designated uses) investment in technological upgrading technology-intensive product municipalities with independent planning status planned economy the collective sector to intensify structural adjustment processing trade accelerating trend to enhance tax administration weighted average price price liberalization pricing mechanism to reduce losses to cut red tape;to simplify (streamline )procedures brisk trading to deposit required reserves structural distortion structural imbalance acute structural imbalance structural improvement(optimization ) sale and purchase of foreign exchange financial fragility financial turbulence financial disturbance financial panic financial crisis financial repression

金融诈骗

紧缩银根

紧缩政策

经常账户可兑换

经济特区

经济体制改革

经济增长方式的转变

经济增长减速

经济制裁

经营自主权

景气回升

境外投资

竞争加剧

局部性金融风波

K

开办人民币业务

可维持(可持续)经济增长

可变成本

可自由兑换货币

控制现金投放

扣除物价因素

库存产品

跨国银行业务

跨年度采购

会计准则

L

来料加工

离岸银行业务

理顺外贸体制

利率杠杆的调节作用

利润驱动

利息回收率

联行清算

连锁企业

良性循环

两极分化

零售物价指数

流动性比例

流动资产周转率/流通速度

流动资金贷款 financial fraud to tighten monetary policy austerity policies;tight financial policies current account convertibility special economic zones(SEZs ) economic reform change in the main source of economic growth (from investment expansion to efficiency gains) economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth economic sanction autonomy in management recovery in business activity overseas investment intensifying competition localized (isolated )financial disturbance to engage in RMB business sustainable economic growth variable cost freely convertible currency control currency issuance in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis inventory cross-border banking cross-year procurement accounting standard processing of imported materials for export off-shore banking(business ) to rationalize foreign trade regime the role of interest rates in resource allocation profit-driven interest collection ratio inter-bank settlement franchise (businesses );chain businesses virtuous cycle growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution retail price index(RPI ) liquidity ratio velocity of liquid assets working capital loans

流通网络

留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物) 垄断行业

乱集资

乱收费

乱摊派

M

买方市场

卖方市场

卖出回购证券

贸易差额

民间信用

免二减三

明补

明亏

名牌产品

母国(请见“东道国”)

N

内部控制

内部审计

内地与香港

内债

扭亏为盈

扭曲金融分配

农副产品采购支出

农村信用社

P

泡沫效应

泡沫经济

培育新的经济增长点

片面追求发展速度

平衡发展

瓶颈制约

平稳回升

铺底流动资金

普遍回升

配套改革

配套人民币资金

Q

企业办社会 distribution network hire purchase monopolized industry(sector ) irregular (illegal )fund raising irregular (illegal )charges unjustified (arbitrary )levies buyer's market seller's market matched sale of repo trade balance non-institutionalized credit exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years explicit subsidy explicit loss brand products home country internal control internal audit the mainland and Hong Kong domestic debt to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one distorted allocation of financial resources outlays for agricultural procurement rural credit cooperatives(RCCs ) bubble effect bubble economy to tap new sources of economic growth excessive pursuit of growth balanced development bottleneck (constraints ) steady recovery initial (start-up )working capital broad-based recovery concomitant (supporting )reforms local currency funding of… enterprises burdened with social responsibilities

企业集团战略

企业兼并重组

企业领导班子

企业所得税

企业效益

企业资金违规流入股市 欠税

欠息

强化税收征管

强制措施

翘尾因素

切一刀

清理收回贷款

(破产)清算

倾斜政策

区别对待

趋势加强

全球化

权益回报率

缺乏后劲

R

绕规模贷款

人均国内生产总值

人均收入

人民币升值压力

认缴资本

软贷款

软预算约束

软着陆

S

三角债

善政廉政

商业贷款

上市公司

设备利用

社会保障

深层次矛盾

审批金融机构

审慎监管

生产能力闲置

生息资产

实际利用外资 corporate group strategy company merger and restructuring enterprise management enterprise (corporate )income tax corporate profitability irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market tax arrears overdue interest to strengthen tax administration enforcement action carryover effect partial application clean up and recover loans liquidation preferential policy differential treatment intensifying trend globalization returns on equity(ROE ) unsustainable momentum to circumvent credit ceiling per capita GDP per capita income upward pressure on the Renminbi (exchange rate ) subscribed capital soft loans soft budget constraint soft landing chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears good governance commercial loans (publicly )listed corporations capacity utilization social safety net;social security(insurance ) deep-rooted structural imbalance to license financial institutions prudential supervision unutilized capacity interest-bearing assets disbursement of foreign capital;actual inflow of

foreign investment

实际有效汇率

实时

实收资本

实现利润

市场分割

市场经济

市场占有率(市场份额) 市场准入

市价总值

适度从紧

适时调节

收回对金融机构贷款

税后还贷

税收流失

税源不足

私营经济(私人经济) 私有制

经济金融术语汉英对照表(表四)同业拆借市场利率(中国) 同业融通票据

同业往来

透支

退税

头寸

吞吐基础货币

脱媒现象

W

外部审计

外国直接投资

外汇储备

外汇调剂

外汇占款

外向型经济

外债

外资企业

完善现代企业制度

完税凭证

违法经营

委托存款 real effective exchange rate real time paid-in capital realized profit market segmentation market economy market share market access(指商品和劳务的进入);market entry (指机构的审批) market capitalization appropriately tight timely adjustment to recall central bank loans (to financial institutions ) amortization (repayment of loans)after tax tax erosion weak tax base the private sector private ownership CHIBOR (China inter-bank offered rate) inter-bank financing bills inter-bank transactions overdraft tax refund(rebate ) position adjustment of monetary base disintermediation external audit foreign direct investment (FDI ) foreign exchange reserves foreign exchange swap the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings export-oriented economy external debt foreign-funded enterprises to improve the modern enterprise system tax payment documentation illegal business entrusted deposits

稳健的银行系统 稳中求进

无纸交易

物价监测

X

吸纳流动性

稀缺经济

洗钱

系统内调度

系统性金融危机 下岗工人

下游企业

现场稽核

现金滞留(居民手中)乡镇企业

消费物价指数

消费税

消灭财政赤字

销货款回笼

销售平淡

协议外资金额

新经济增长点

新开工项目

新增贷款

新增就业位置

信贷规模考核

信号失真

信托投资公司

信息不对称

信息反馈

信息共享系统

信息披露

信用扩张

信用评级

姓“资”还是姓“社” 行政措施

需求膨胀

虚伪存款

削减冗员

寻租 a sound banking system to make progress while ensuring stability book-entry (or paperless/scriptless)transaction price monitoring to absorb liquidity scarcity economy money laundering fund allocation within a bank systemic financial crisis laid-off employees down-stream enterprises on-site examination cash held outside the banking system township and village enterprises(TVEs ) consumer price index(CPI ) excise (consumption )tax to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system lackluster sales committed amount of foreign investment new sources of economic growth new projects;newly started projects incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion new jobs;new job opportunities review the compliance with credit ceilings distorted signals trust and investment companies information asymmetry feedback (information ) information sharing system information disclosure credir expansion credit rating pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist administrative measures demand expansion; excessive demand window-dressing deposits to shed excess labor force rent seeking

Y

养老基金

一刀切

一级市场

应收未收利息

银行网点

赢利能力

营业税

硬贷款(商业贷款) 用地审批

有管理的浮动汇率 证券投资

游资(热钱)

有市场的产品

有效供给

诱发新一轮经济扩张 逾期贷款

与国际惯例接轨 与国际市场接轨 预算外支出(收入) 预调

月环比

Z

再贷款

在国际金融机构储备头寸在人行存款

在途资金

增加农业投入

增势减缓

增收节支措施

增长平稳

增值税

涨幅偏高

账外账

折旧

整顿 pension fund universal application;non-discretionary implementation primary market overdue interest banking outlets profitability business tax commercial loans to grant land use right managed floating exchange rate portfolio investment hot money marketable products effective supply trigger a new round of economic expansion overdue loans;past-due loans to become compatible with internationally accepted to integrate with the world market off-budget (extra-budgetary ) expenditure (revenue ) pre-emptive adjustment on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis central bank lending reserve position in international financial institutions deposits at (with ) the central bank fund in float to increase investment in agriculture deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures steady growth value-added tax(VAT ) higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth concealed accounts depreciation retrenchment;consolidation

政策性业务

政策性银行

政策组合

政府干预

证券交易清算

证券业务占款

支付困难

支付能力

直接调控方式向

间接调控方式转变职能转换职业道德

指令性措施

指令性计划

制定和实施货币政策 滞后影响

中介机构

中央与地方财政 分灶吃饭重点建设 周期谷底

周转速度

主办银行

主权风险

注册资本

逐步到位

逐步取消

抓大放小

专款专用

转贷

转轨经济

转机

转折关头

准财政赤字

准货币

资本不足

资本充足率

资本利润率

资本账户可兑换 资不抵债 policy-related operations policy banks policy mix government intervention settlement of securities transactions funding of securities purchase payment difficulty payment capacity to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments transformation of functions professional ethics mandatory measures mandatory plan;administered plan to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy lagged effect intermediaries delineation of fiscal responsibilities key construction projects;key investment project bottom (trough )of business cycle velocity main bank sovereign risk registered capital to phase in;phased implementation to phase out to seize the big and free the small (to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition) use of funds as ear-marked on-lending transition economy turnaround turning point quasi-fiscal deficit quasi-money under-capitalized capital adequacy ratio return on capital capital account convertibility insolvent;insolvency

资产负债率 资产集中 资产贡献率 资产利润率 资产质量 资产组合 资金成本 资金到位 资金宽裕 资金利用率 资金缺口 资金体外循环资金占压 自筹投资项目自有资金 综合国力 综合效益指标综合治理 总成交额 总交易量 总成本 最后贷款人 最后贷款人 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets asset concentration asset contribution factor return on assets (ROA ) asset quality asset portfolio cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost fully funded (project ) to have sufficient funds fund utilization rate financing gap financial disintermediation funds tied up self-financed projects equity fund overall national strength (often measured by GDP ) overall efficiency indicator comprehensive adjustment (retrenchment );over-haul total contract value total amount of transactions total cost lender of last resort lender of last resort


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