3-12 一台绕线转子三相异步电动机,极数2p =4,额定功率P N =75kW ,额定电压U N =380V ,额定电流I N =144A ,额定频率f N =50Hz ,转子额定电动势E 2N =399V ,转子额定电流I 2N =116A ,额定转速n N =1460r/min,过载能力λm =2.8。用简化实用表达式及较准确的实用表达式绘制电动机的固有机械特性。
解:
T N =9550P N 75=9550⨯=491N ⋅m n N 1460
T m =T N *λm =1374N ⋅m
s N =
1500-1460=0.0271500s m =s N λm +=0.027⨯5.41=0.146
T e 2+2s m =s s m T m ++2s m s m s
T 2=s m T m +s m s (
3-14 一台笼型三相异步电动机,极数2p =4,额定功率P N =28kW ,定子绕组为△接,额定电压U N =380V ,额定电流I N =58A ,额定频率f N =50Hz ,额定功率因数cos ϕN =0.88,额定转速n N =1455r/min,起动电流倍数K 1=6,起动转矩倍数K T =1.1,过载能力λm =2.3。车间变电站允许最大冲击电流为150A ,生产机械要求起动转矩不小于73.5N ·m ,试选择合适的降压起动方法,写出必要的计算数据。若采用自耦降压变压器降压起动,抽头有55%、64%、73%三种。
解:(1)直接起动:I st =k I I N =348A
T N =9550
(2)降压起动:
T st '=I P N 34828=2.32; T st =202.84N ⋅m =9550⨯=184.4N ⋅m α=st =n N 1450I sty 150202.84=37.68N ⋅m (不满足要求) 22.32T st
α2=
1⨯348=116A 3
1 T st '=T st =67.6N ⋅m (不满足要求) 3(3)Y —△起动:I st '=
2(4)自耦降压:① I st 1'=0.55⨯I st =31.8A
2 T st 1'=0.55⨯T st =61.4N ⋅m
2 ② I st 2'=0.64⨯I st =142.5A
2 T st 2'=0.64⨯T st =83N ⋅m (最合适)
2 ③ I st 3'=0.73⨯I st =185.45A
2 T st 3'=0.73⨯T st =108.1N ⋅m
s R 串0.05Ω,T L =TN 2=N ,s '1=0.099,n '1=901r /min R 2+0.05s 1'
串0.1Ω时, s 2'=0.174,n 2'=826r /min
串0.2Ω时, s 3'=0.324,n 3'=676r /min
则D=n N 976==1.44n 3'676
3-19 某绕线转子三相异步电动机,技术数据为:极数2p =6,额定功率P N =60kW ,额定频率f N =50Hz ,额定转速n N =960r/min,转子额定电动势E 2N =200V ,转子额定电流I 2N =195A ,过载能力λm =2.5。其拖动起重机主钩,当提升重物时电动机负载转矩T L =530N ·m ,不考虑传动机构损耗转矩,试求:
(1)电动机工作在固有机械特性上提升该重物时,电动机的转速:
(2)若使下放速度为n =-280 r/min,不改变电源相序,转子回路应串入多大电阻?
(3)若在电动机不断电的条件下,欲使重物停在空中,应如何处理,并作定量计算。
(4)如果改变电源相序在反向回馈制动状态下下放同一重物,转子回路每相串接电阻为0.06Ω,求下放重物时电动机的转速。
解:(1)∵ T =2T m 1000-960*s ; s N ==0.04 s m 1000
T N =
9550P N 9550⨯60==597N ⋅m n N 960T N T L T s 530=∴s =L N =⨯0.04=0.0355 s N s T N 597
n L =n 0(1-s )=964r /min
(2
)R 2===0.024Ω R 2s 1000+280=而s '==1.281000 s 'R 2+R Ω
∴R Ω=0.66Ω
(3)串电阻使s '=1,则R 2s =⇒R Ω'=0.509Ω 1R 2+R Ω'
(4)反向回馈制动,串电阻R Ω=0.06Ω
正向串0.06Ω后,
s 'R 2+0.06=⇒s '=0.16s R 2
s 's ''=⇒s ''=-s '=-0.16=s ''' T L -T L
n =1160r /min
3-12 一台绕线转子三相异步电动机,极数2p =4,额定功率P N =75kW ,额定电压U N =380V ,额定电流I N =144A ,额定频率f N =50Hz ,转子额定电动势E 2N =399V ,转子额定电流I 2N =116A ,额定转速n N =1460r/min,过载能力λm =2.8。用简化实用表达式及较准确的实用表达式绘制电动机的固有机械特性。
解:
T N =9550P N 75=9550⨯=491N ⋅m n N 1460
T m =T N *λm =1374N ⋅m
s N =
1500-1460=0.0271500s m =s N λm +=0.027⨯5.41=0.146
T e 2+2s m =s s m T m ++2s m s m s
T 2=s m T m +s m s (
3-14 一台笼型三相异步电动机,极数2p =4,额定功率P N =28kW ,定子绕组为△接,额定电压U N =380V ,额定电流I N =58A ,额定频率f N =50Hz ,额定功率因数cos ϕN =0.88,额定转速n N =1455r/min,起动电流倍数K 1=6,起动转矩倍数K T =1.1,过载能力λm =2.3。车间变电站允许最大冲击电流为150A ,生产机械要求起动转矩不小于73.5N ·m ,试选择合适的降压起动方法,写出必要的计算数据。若采用自耦降压变压器降压起动,抽头有55%、64%、73%三种。
解:(1)直接起动:I st =k I I N =348A
T N =9550
(2)降压起动:
T st '=I P N 34828=2.32; T st =202.84N ⋅m =9550⨯=184.4N ⋅m α=st =n N 1450I sty 150202.84=37.68N ⋅m (不满足要求) 22.32T st
α2=
1⨯348=116A 3
1 T st '=T st =67.6N ⋅m (不满足要求) 3(3)Y —△起动:I st '=
2(4)自耦降压:① I st 1'=0.55⨯I st =31.8A
2 T st 1'=0.55⨯T st =61.4N ⋅m
2 ② I st 2'=0.64⨯I st =142.5A
2 T st 2'=0.64⨯T st =83N ⋅m (最合适)
2 ③ I st 3'=0.73⨯I st =185.45A
2 T st 3'=0.73⨯T st =108.1N ⋅m
s R 串0.05Ω,T L =TN 2=N ,s '1=0.099,n '1=901r /min R 2+0.05s 1'
串0.1Ω时, s 2'=0.174,n 2'=826r /min
串0.2Ω时, s 3'=0.324,n 3'=676r /min
则D=n N 976==1.44n 3'676
3-19 某绕线转子三相异步电动机,技术数据为:极数2p =6,额定功率P N =60kW ,额定频率f N =50Hz ,额定转速n N =960r/min,转子额定电动势E 2N =200V ,转子额定电流I 2N =195A ,过载能力λm =2.5。其拖动起重机主钩,当提升重物时电动机负载转矩T L =530N ·m ,不考虑传动机构损耗转矩,试求:
(1)电动机工作在固有机械特性上提升该重物时,电动机的转速:
(2)若使下放速度为n =-280 r/min,不改变电源相序,转子回路应串入多大电阻?
(3)若在电动机不断电的条件下,欲使重物停在空中,应如何处理,并作定量计算。
(4)如果改变电源相序在反向回馈制动状态下下放同一重物,转子回路每相串接电阻为0.06Ω,求下放重物时电动机的转速。
解:(1)∵ T =2T m 1000-960*s ; s N ==0.04 s m 1000
T N =
9550P N 9550⨯60==597N ⋅m n N 960T N T L T s 530=∴s =L N =⨯0.04=0.0355 s N s T N 597
n L =n 0(1-s )=964r /min
(2
)R 2===0.024Ω R 2s 1000+280=而s '==1.281000 s 'R 2+R Ω
∴R Ω=0.66Ω
(3)串电阻使s '=1,则R 2s =⇒R Ω'=0.509Ω 1R 2+R Ω'
(4)反向回馈制动,串电阻R Ω=0.06Ω
正向串0.06Ω后,
s 'R 2+0.06=⇒s '=0.16s R 2
s 's ''=⇒s ''=-s '=-0.16=s ''' T L -T L
n =1160r /min