四六级段落写作的小原则
• • • • • • •
一） 长短句原则。 二） 主题句原则。 三） 一二三原则。 四） 短语优先原则。 五）多实少虚原则。 六） 多变句式原则。 七） 挑战极限原则
一） 长短句原则。
• 在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
• As a creature， I eat； as a man， I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind， they are in a way quite similar.
二） 主题句原则。
一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ • To begin with， you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam （主题句）.
• Without sufficient preparation， you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三） 一二三原则 （强烈推荐）
• 1）to begin with， then ， furthermore ， finally • 2）to start with， next ， in addition， finally
• 3）first and foremost， besides ， last but not least（强烈推荐） • 4）most important of all， moreover ， finally
• 5）on the one hand， on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） • 6）for one thing， for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
四） 短语优先原则。
• 使用短语，有两个好处：
• 其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点-精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。
• 其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五）多实少虚原则。
多用实词，少用虚词。
• 虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice 这样空洞的词，
应该使用一些诸如generous ， humorous ， interesting ， smart ， gentle ， warm-hearted ， hospital 之类的形象词。
• 再比如： 走出房间，general 的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room • 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！
六） 多变句式原则。
1）加法（串联）
• 都希望写下很长的句子，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是在任何句子之间加and ， 但最好是前后的句子有先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：
• It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to protect our campus from waste and pollution, and these activities are to play an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.
• 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： My parents are not only my first teachers ， but also my best friends.
• 其它的短语可以用： besides ， furthermore ， likewise ， moreover
2）转折（拐弯抹角）
• A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones.
• Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.
• 更多的短语： despite that， still ， however ， nevertheless ， in spite of， despite ， notwithstanding
3）因果（so ， so ， so ）
• The snow began to fall， so we went home.
• 更多短语： then ， therefore ， consequently ， accordingly ， hence ， as a result， for this reason， so that
4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）
• 有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。
• 其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
• 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go
Why he goes away……
5）附加（多此一举）
• • • • •
那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don't enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu， our oral English teacher， is easy-going.
其实很简单，同位语——要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句-借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
• 6）排比（排山倒海句）
• 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么引用一个个
的排比句，一个个对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个的词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！
• Whether your tastes are modern or traditional， sophisticated or simple， there is plenty in London for you.
• 七） 挑战极限原则
既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：
• The weather being fine， a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. • Africa is the second largest continent， its size being about three times that of China.
• 解决问题类作文结构：
In recent days, we have to face a problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.--------(说明A 的现状) ．
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).
• 2010年12月的作文主题（How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent）非常贴近考生的生活，给了考生很大的发挥空间，擅长写日常生活细节的学生可以写上三五个句子勾勒父母对于子女的过度关爱，而擅长逻辑思考的学生则可以更多地阐述父母怎样的行为才可以培养子女独立的品格，而过度宠爱正导致了独立精神的消失。
从具体操作的角度来说，对于基础较为薄弱的考生，这个题目是比较容易套用模板的，第一段，把现实状况描述清楚；第二段，写清楚父母亲帮助子女独立的策略；第三段，呼吁父母亲多给自己一些自由。怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
• How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.
For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.
The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents’ trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.
• How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some
parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.
For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.
The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents’ trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.
常用句型
• 1．用于文章的开头的句型 • 2．用于文章的结尾的句型
• 3．用于比较性和驳斥性议论文的句型 • 4．用于解释性和阐述性议论文的句型 • 5．用于论证和说明的句型
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
1．用于文章的开头的句型
Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. With the development of …, vast changes await this country’s society.
There is a general discussion today about the issue of …. Those who object to … argue that …. They believe that …. But people who favor …, on the other hand, argue that … Currently there is a widespread concern that …
Now people in growing number are coming to realize that …
Now it is commonly held that …, they think …. But I doubt whether … In the past 6 years there has been …
Recently the issue of … has been brought to public attention
Never in Chinese history has the idea that … been more popular than…
One of the great men once said that …. Now more and more people share this belief 2．用于文章的结尾的句型
From what has been discussed above/Taking these factors into account, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that …
It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on …
We must look for an immediate method, because the present situation of …, if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/ result in …
Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way.
There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful /beneficial. No easy method can be a hand to solve the problem of …, but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of … might be the first step on the right way. There is little doubt/denying that …
It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task of … require immediate attention. As far as … be concerned, I believe/ think that … In conclusion, …
3．用于比较性和驳斥性议论文的句型
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
The advantages of A are much greater than B.
Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.
Although A enjoys considerable advantage over …, it cannot compete with B in …
Although everyone believes that …, I wonder whether the argument bears much analysis. Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe …
Although it is commonly held that …, it is unlikely to be true that … It is true that …, but it doesn’t follow that …
It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that … There is in fact no reason for us to believe that …
In all the discussion and debate over …, one important fact is generally overlooked.
4．用于解释性和阐述性议论文的句型
• Among the most convincing reasons given by people for …, one should be mentioned … • One may think of the trend as a result of …
• The change in …largely results from the fact that …
• There are several causes for this significant growth in …. First …, Second …, Finally … • A number of factors could account for the development in … • • • • •
5．用于论证和说明的句型
We may cite/quote/take a single/common example to illustrate … Our society abounds with the examples of … A recent study indicates/suggests/shows that …
According to the statistics provided by …, it can be seen that … There is good sufficient evidence to show that …
This brings out/set forth the important fact that … No one can ignore/overlook the fact that …
I can think of no better illustration of the idea/view than the fact that … It is very important/of great importance to do/that … Let’s take an example/some examples to illustrate …
Why are/do …? For one thing, … For another, …. And the primary reason is … B is chiefly responsible for …
The reasons for … are complicated. And probably they are found in the fact … We may look into every possible reason except the real one
It is no simple task to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon which involves many factors.
• • • • •
• • • • •
四六级段落写作的小原则
• • • • • • •
一） 长短句原则。 二） 主题句原则。 三） 一二三原则。 四） 短语优先原则。 五）多实少虚原则。 六） 多变句式原则。 七） 挑战极限原则
一） 长短句原则。
• 在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
• As a creature， I eat； as a man， I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind， they are in a way quite similar.
二） 主题句原则。
一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ • To begin with， you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam （主题句）.
• Without sufficient preparation， you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三） 一二三原则 （强烈推荐）
• 1）to begin with， then ， furthermore ， finally • 2）to start with， next ， in addition， finally
• 3）first and foremost， besides ， last but not least（强烈推荐） • 4）most important of all， moreover ， finally
• 5）on the one hand， on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） • 6）for one thing， for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
四） 短语优先原则。
• 使用短语，有两个好处：
• 其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点-精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。
• 其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五）多实少虚原则。
多用实词，少用虚词。
• 虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice 这样空洞的词，
应该使用一些诸如generous ， humorous ， interesting ， smart ， gentle ， warm-hearted ， hospital 之类的形象词。
• 再比如： 走出房间，general 的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room • 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！
六） 多变句式原则。
1）加法（串联）
• 都希望写下很长的句子，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是在任何句子之间加and ， 但最好是前后的句子有先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：
• It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to protect our campus from waste and pollution, and these activities are to play an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.
• 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： My parents are not only my first teachers ， but also my best friends.
• 其它的短语可以用： besides ， furthermore ， likewise ， moreover
2）转折（拐弯抹角）
• A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones.
• Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.
• 更多的短语： despite that， still ， however ， nevertheless ， in spite of， despite ， notwithstanding
3）因果（so ， so ， so ）
• The snow began to fall， so we went home.
• 更多短语： then ， therefore ， consequently ， accordingly ， hence ， as a result， for this reason， so that
4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）
• 有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。
• 其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
• 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go
Why he goes away……
5）附加（多此一举）
• • • • •
那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don't enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu， our oral English teacher， is easy-going.
其实很简单，同位语——要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句-借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
• 6）排比（排山倒海句）
• 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么引用一个个
的排比句，一个个对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个的词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！
• Whether your tastes are modern or traditional， sophisticated or simple， there is plenty in London for you.
• 七） 挑战极限原则
既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：
• The weather being fine， a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. • Africa is the second largest continent， its size being about three times that of China.
• 解决问题类作文结构：
In recent days, we have to face a problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.--------(说明A 的现状) ．
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).
• 2010年12月的作文主题（How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent）非常贴近考生的生活，给了考生很大的发挥空间，擅长写日常生活细节的学生可以写上三五个句子勾勒父母对于子女的过度关爱，而擅长逻辑思考的学生则可以更多地阐述父母怎样的行为才可以培养子女独立的品格，而过度宠爱正导致了独立精神的消失。
从具体操作的角度来说，对于基础较为薄弱的考生，这个题目是比较容易套用模板的，第一段，把现实状况描述清楚；第二段，写清楚父母亲帮助子女独立的策略；第三段，呼吁父母亲多给自己一些自由。怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
• How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.
For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.
The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents’ trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.
• How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some
parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.
For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.
The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents’ trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.
常用句型
• 1．用于文章的开头的句型 • 2．用于文章的结尾的句型
• 3．用于比较性和驳斥性议论文的句型 • 4．用于解释性和阐述性议论文的句型 • 5．用于论证和说明的句型
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
1．用于文章的开头的句型
Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. With the development of …, vast changes await this country’s society.
There is a general discussion today about the issue of …. Those who object to … argue that …. They believe that …. But people who favor …, on the other hand, argue that … Currently there is a widespread concern that …
Now people in growing number are coming to realize that …
Now it is commonly held that …, they think …. But I doubt whether … In the past 6 years there has been …
Recently the issue of … has been brought to public attention
Never in Chinese history has the idea that … been more popular than…
One of the great men once said that …. Now more and more people share this belief 2．用于文章的结尾的句型
From what has been discussed above/Taking these factors into account, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that …
It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on …
We must look for an immediate method, because the present situation of …, if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/ result in …
Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way.
There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful /beneficial. No easy method can be a hand to solve the problem of …, but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of … might be the first step on the right way. There is little doubt/denying that …
It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task of … require immediate attention. As far as … be concerned, I believe/ think that … In conclusion, …
3．用于比较性和驳斥性议论文的句型
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
The advantages of A are much greater than B.
Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.
Although A enjoys considerable advantage over …, it cannot compete with B in …
Although everyone believes that …, I wonder whether the argument bears much analysis. Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe …
Although it is commonly held that …, it is unlikely to be true that … It is true that …, but it doesn’t follow that …
It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that … There is in fact no reason for us to believe that …
In all the discussion and debate over …, one important fact is generally overlooked.
4．用于解释性和阐述性议论文的句型
• Among the most convincing reasons given by people for …, one should be mentioned … • One may think of the trend as a result of …
• The change in …largely results from the fact that …
• There are several causes for this significant growth in …. First …, Second …, Finally … • A number of factors could account for the development in … • • • • •
5．用于论证和说明的句型
We may cite/quote/take a single/common example to illustrate … Our society abounds with the examples of … A recent study indicates/suggests/shows that …
According to the statistics provided by …, it can be seen that … There is good sufficient evidence to show that …
This brings out/set forth the important fact that … No one can ignore/overlook the fact that …
I can think of no better illustration of the idea/view than the fact that … It is very important/of great importance to do/that … Let’s take an example/some examples to illustrate …
Why are/do …? For one thing, … For another, …. And the primary reason is … B is chiefly responsible for …
The reasons for … are complicated. And probably they are found in the fact … We may look into every possible reason except the real one
It is no simple task to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon which involves many factors.
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