英语论文中常用词汇和短语
差别
gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. AlthoughMMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage,this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.
存在，出现
occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present
多数，少数
the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful
方法
approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools
发生率
Incidence, frequency, prevalence
In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.
发现，阐明，报道，证实
verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize,clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal,display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply,disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening，isolation
改变
change, alteration,
高，增加
high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced
各种，多种
in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors
关系，相关，参与
closely involved in, associated,
广泛的
in an extensive survey
进行
conducte， perform, carry out,
降，少，缺
decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression,deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completelyabsent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous andweaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable ordramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barelydetectable, no expression was found,
角色，起作用
role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions
可能性
feasibility
密切地
intimately
难理解的，似谜的
enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)
潜在假定的
potential, candidate, putative,
缩写
abbreviations
识别，辨别
discernment
事件
Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.
a putative tumor initiating event
a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,
a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processes
a common event associated with the mechanisms of
a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapy
a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants
a common event （that occurs） during apoptosis is……
acommon event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastictransformation that directly or indirectly involves activation ofspecific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways a common event through which
a common event in vivo
a rather common event of unknown biological significance
a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations
a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significance
a common event contributing to
arare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation,stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory,early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward,upstream, irreversible, very frequent event
提供，帮助
provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in
调节（失调，上调，下调）
dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,
推测
presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)
无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)
ubiquitously
显著,优先的
prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong,striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential,prevalence, prevalent,
相关性
related, more relevant with ，the relevance of
no intergroup difference，irrespective of
There was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.
Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.
No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.
wedid not find any correlation between bax expression and anyclinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade,histological type).
相同，同等并列
The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itself
with a similar pattern to
协同，加强
synergize with
研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial,observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigationinto, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine,test, assess, evaluate, explore,
一致
which is in accord with the results
which corroborated the results
which supported the results
优缺点
merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental
异常
aberration, abnormality
重要
crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance
相反
On the contrary,
In contrary,
but quite on the contrary
in sharp contrast,
contrary to what would be expected
Contrary to the expectation that
Contrary to previous beliefs,
Contrary to the hypothesis,
Contrary to current popular truisms Contrary to current cognitive theories, However, contrary to expectation,……. Contrary to predictions,…
in contrast to previous observations… Contrary to prediction,……
Contrary to most previous claims,
与一起
in combination with, coupled with
由于、鉴于
In light of
In view that
英语论文中常用词汇和短语
差别
gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. AlthoughMMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage,this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.
存在，出现
occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present
多数，少数
the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful
方法
approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools
发生率
Incidence, frequency, prevalence
In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.
发现，阐明，报道，证实
verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize,clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal,display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply,disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening，isolation
改变
change, alteration,
高，增加
high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced
各种，多种
in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors
关系，相关，参与
closely involved in, associated,
广泛的
in an extensive survey
进行
conducte， perform, carry out,
降，少，缺
decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression,deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completelyabsent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous andweaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable ordramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barelydetectable, no expression was found,
角色，起作用
role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions
可能性
feasibility
密切地
intimately
难理解的，似谜的
enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)
潜在假定的
potential, candidate, putative,
缩写
abbreviations
识别，辨别
discernment
事件
Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.
a putative tumor initiating event
a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,
a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processes
a common event associated with the mechanisms of
a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapy
a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants
a common event （that occurs） during apoptosis is……
acommon event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastictransformation that directly or indirectly involves activation ofspecific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways a common event through which
a common event in vivo
a rather common event of unknown biological significance
a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations
a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significance
a common event contributing to
arare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation,stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory,early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward,upstream, irreversible, very frequent event
提供，帮助
provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in
调节（失调，上调，下调）
dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,
推测
presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)
无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)
ubiquitously
显著,优先的
prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong,striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential,prevalence, prevalent,
相关性
related, more relevant with ，the relevance of
no intergroup difference，irrespective of
There was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.
Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.
No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.
wedid not find any correlation between bax expression and anyclinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade,histological type).
相同，同等并列
The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itself
with a similar pattern to
协同，加强
synergize with
研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial,observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigationinto, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine,test, assess, evaluate, explore,
一致
which is in accord with the results
which corroborated the results
which supported the results
优缺点
merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental
异常
aberration, abnormality
重要
crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance
相反
On the contrary,
In contrary,
but quite on the contrary
in sharp contrast,
contrary to what would be expected
Contrary to the expectation that
Contrary to previous beliefs,
Contrary to the hypothesis,
Contrary to current popular truisms Contrary to current cognitive theories, However, contrary to expectation,……. Contrary to predictions,…
in contrast to previous observations… Contrary to prediction,……
Contrary to most previous claims,
与一起
in combination with, coupled with
由于、鉴于
In light of
In view that