英文的基本句型有五种，它们是：
A.主语 + 系动词 + 表语（SVP）
B.主语 + 谓语（不及物动词）（SV）
C.主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 宾语（SVO）
D.主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（SVOO）
E.主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（SVOC）
主语+谓语(不及物动词)+（状语） 这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Fire burns.
Birds fly.
The sun was shining.
主语+谓语+宾语
练习：
他英语讲得很好。 他非常喜欢英语。 我们正在种树。
我昨晚写了一封信。 Jim还不会自己穿衣服。
练习：
他英语讲得很好。
他非常喜欢英语。
我们正在种树。
我昨晚写了一封信。
Jim还不会自己穿衣服。
主语+系动词+表语
英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。
一、 be动词类： am、 is 、are 、was 、were
二、 表示变化类：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go
三、 感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound) 鼻(smell) 舌(taste) 身(feel)
四、 表示延续性的动词
keep
This is a book. This book is mine.
The boy looks a smart boy.
This film seems moving. remain stay ：、、
You appear all right.
He got drunk.
Her face turned red.
The room became crowded soon.
She remained calm.
The shop stays open until 12.
Cotton feels soft.
Her song sound sweet.
The food taste delicious.
Flowers smell pleasant.
练习
找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。
1 Tom is a student. 2 He is fat.
3 I am tired .
4 We are students.
5 The bag was lost .
6 The boy was foolish . 7 They were kind.
8 She is in the room. 9 The books are on the desk. 10 Snow is white.
11 Kate was here yesterday. 12 My father became a teacher in 1978.
13 The weather gets hot in summer. 14 She looks beautiful. 15 The flower smells good. 16 We were very happy. 17 You are right.
18 The soup tastes delicious.
19 The chair is yours. 20 The children are asleep. 21 The story is interesting 22 He feels better today.
主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） 谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，
另一个是动作的间接承受者。 I didn’t lend anybody my books. He offered me some money. I owed the tailor ten pounds. I will bring them some peanuts.
(主语+谓语+直接宾语+to+间接宾语) I gave the money to my friend. They told the news to us.
We showed the pictures to our teachers. I didn’t lend my books to anybody. He offered some money to me. I owe ten pounds to the tailor.
I will bring some peanuts to them.
能用to引出间接宾语的动词有：award, do, bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pay, pass, recommend, read, rent, return, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw, wish, write。只能用 “及物动词＋直宾＋to＋间宾” 结构而不能用 “及物动词＋间宾＋直宾”的有: declare, explain, announce, report,
murmur, introduce, say, suggest, whisper)
主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）I bought my wife a gold watch.
They save me some money.
She made herself a new dress.
I left him some food.
He got me two tickets.
I did him a favor.
(主语+谓语+直接宾语+for+间接宾语) I bought a gold watch for my wife.
They saved some money for me.
She made a new dress for herself.
I left some food for him.
He got two tickets for me.
I did a favor for him.
能用for 引出间接宾语的动词：cook, choose, buy, do, find, get, leave, make, pay, play, read, save, sing, spare, write,
即时练习 请用“主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”
的句型翻译下列句子。
1．我想为他挑选一份合适的礼物。
2．太阳给了我们光和热。
3. Mr Smith教我们数学。
4．那个老人给我们指路。
5．请在本周末把所借的书都还回图书馆。
6．为了你，我愿意做一切事情。
7．请借我些钱，行吗？
8. Mary写了封信给Tom,
9． 医生治好了他的病。
10. Tom使Mary相信了他的诚实。
11．让我替你叫辆出租汽车吧。
12．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
13．他把车票给列车员看。
14．他每天给我带些曲奇饼。
15.
Mary把钱包交给校长了
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语。
带to的不定式作宾补
I asked her to open the window.
He wants me to be early.
She allowed me to smoke here.
We consider her to be honest.
I consider it to be a shame.
We proved him to be wrong.
这类动词有：ask，tell，want，
like, allow, hate等 wish，would，
不带to的不定式作宾补
I made him finish the job.
You mustn’t let the matter rest here.
I will have him do the work.
We saw them go out.
能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let，feel，notice，help，
make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe.
分词作宾补 I smelt something burning.
We watched her leaving.
I felt the house shaking.
We kept him waiting.
He heard someone shouting for help. 。
You must get your hair cut.
She had a new cap made.
We heard a song sung.
He saw the house broken into.
能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，have(这三个动词为使役动词)等
形容词作宾补
He got his shoes dirty.
It keeps us warm.
I found the box empty.
常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有：make，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，leave等。
名词作宾补
We made him monitor.
I called him Uncle Lee.
We chose Tom chairman.
They elected him President.
常见的动词有：name，call，think，find，leave
1.They work hard.
主 + 谓
2.The flower is dead. make，elect，
主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water.
主 + 谓 + 宾
4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 简宾
5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees.
英文的基本句型有五种，它们是：
A.主语 + 系动词 + 表语（SVP）
B.主语 + 谓语（不及物动词）（SV）
C.主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 宾语（SVO）
D.主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（SVOO）
E.主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（SVOC）
主语+谓语(不及物动词)+（状语） 这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Fire burns.
Birds fly.
The sun was shining.
主语+谓语+宾语
练习：
他英语讲得很好。 他非常喜欢英语。 我们正在种树。
我昨晚写了一封信。 Jim还不会自己穿衣服。
练习：
他英语讲得很好。
他非常喜欢英语。
我们正在种树。
我昨晚写了一封信。
Jim还不会自己穿衣服。
主语+系动词+表语
英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。
一、 be动词类： am、 is 、are 、was 、were
二、 表示变化类：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go
三、 感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound) 鼻(smell) 舌(taste) 身(feel)
四、 表示延续性的动词
keep
This is a book. This book is mine.
The boy looks a smart boy.
This film seems moving. remain stay ：、、
You appear all right.
He got drunk.
Her face turned red.
The room became crowded soon.
She remained calm.
The shop stays open until 12.
Cotton feels soft.
Her song sound sweet.
The food taste delicious.
Flowers smell pleasant.
练习
找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。
1 Tom is a student. 2 He is fat.
3 I am tired .
4 We are students.
5 The bag was lost .
6 The boy was foolish . 7 They were kind.
8 She is in the room. 9 The books are on the desk. 10 Snow is white.
11 Kate was here yesterday. 12 My father became a teacher in 1978.
13 The weather gets hot in summer. 14 She looks beautiful. 15 The flower smells good. 16 We were very happy. 17 You are right.
18 The soup tastes delicious.
19 The chair is yours. 20 The children are asleep. 21 The story is interesting 22 He feels better today.
主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） 谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，
另一个是动作的间接承受者。 I didn’t lend anybody my books. He offered me some money. I owed the tailor ten pounds. I will bring them some peanuts.
(主语+谓语+直接宾语+to+间接宾语) I gave the money to my friend. They told the news to us.
We showed the pictures to our teachers. I didn’t lend my books to anybody. He offered some money to me. I owe ten pounds to the tailor.
I will bring some peanuts to them.
能用to引出间接宾语的动词有：award, do, bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pay, pass, recommend, read, rent, return, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw, wish, write。只能用 “及物动词＋直宾＋to＋间宾” 结构而不能用 “及物动词＋间宾＋直宾”的有: declare, explain, announce, report,
murmur, introduce, say, suggest, whisper)
主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）I bought my wife a gold watch.
They save me some money.
She made herself a new dress.
I left him some food.
He got me two tickets.
I did him a favor.
(主语+谓语+直接宾语+for+间接宾语) I bought a gold watch for my wife.
They saved some money for me.
She made a new dress for herself.
I left some food for him.
He got two tickets for me.
I did a favor for him.
能用for 引出间接宾语的动词：cook, choose, buy, do, find, get, leave, make, pay, play, read, save, sing, spare, write,
即时练习 请用“主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”
的句型翻译下列句子。
1．我想为他挑选一份合适的礼物。
2．太阳给了我们光和热。
3. Mr Smith教我们数学。
4．那个老人给我们指路。
5．请在本周末把所借的书都还回图书馆。
6．为了你，我愿意做一切事情。
7．请借我些钱，行吗？
8. Mary写了封信给Tom,
9． 医生治好了他的病。
10. Tom使Mary相信了他的诚实。
11．让我替你叫辆出租汽车吧。
12．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
13．他把车票给列车员看。
14．他每天给我带些曲奇饼。
15.
Mary把钱包交给校长了
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语。
带to的不定式作宾补
I asked her to open the window.
He wants me to be early.
She allowed me to smoke here.
We consider her to be honest.
I consider it to be a shame.
We proved him to be wrong.
这类动词有：ask，tell，want，
like, allow, hate等 wish，would，
不带to的不定式作宾补
I made him finish the job.
You mustn’t let the matter rest here.
I will have him do the work.
We saw them go out.
能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let，feel，notice，help，
make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe.
分词作宾补 I smelt something burning.
We watched her leaving.
I felt the house shaking.
We kept him waiting.
He heard someone shouting for help. 。
You must get your hair cut.
She had a new cap made.
We heard a song sung.
He saw the house broken into.
能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，have(这三个动词为使役动词)等
形容词作宾补
He got his shoes dirty.
It keeps us warm.
I found the box empty.
常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有：make，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，leave等。
名词作宾补
We made him monitor.
I called him Uncle Lee.
We chose Tom chairman.
They elected him President.
常见的动词有：name，call，think，find，leave
1.They work hard.
主 + 谓
2.The flower is dead. make，elect，
主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water.
主 + 谓 + 宾
4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 简宾
5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees.