初中英语6大时态
用法:
1) 现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如：
I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.
2) 现在的状态。例如：
My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.
3）客观真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.
常见的标志词：often，usually，sometimes，always，seldom，never，every day/week…，how often，once a week，in the morning/afternoon/evening等。
构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：
1)当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：
肯定式: S + be(is/am/are) + ···
否定式: S+ be (is/am/are) + not + ···
一般疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S + ···?
简略回答: (肯) Yes, S + be(is/am/are).
(否) No, S + be(is/am/are) + not.
特殊疑问句式: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
2)主语为第三人称和名词单数时：
肯定式:S + V/动词的第三人称单数
否定式:S + don't/doesn't + V + 其他
一般疑问式:Do/Does + S + V + 其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes, S + do/does
(否)No, S + do/does not
练习题：
1. --- May I help you, sir?
--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.
A. didn’t work B. doesn’t work C. won’t work D. can’t work
2．______ the bus until it ______..
A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Don’t get off, stops D. Don’t get off, will stop
3．The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.
A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take
用法：
1）．将要发生的动作。例如：
I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
2）．将要存在的状态。例如：
This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?
3）．打算要做的事。 例如：
Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?
4）．表示往来运动的某些短暂性动词，可用现在进行时表示将来时。这类动词有：arrive，
come，leave，fly，move等。 例如：
They are arriving at this village in five hours.
He is coming to see me next week,
We are leaving / flying for London.
常用时间标志词：Tomorrow，soon，next week，this evening，in five days，from now on，in the future等。
构成：
1). will/shall + v
2). be + going to + v
练习题：
1. I______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？
A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left
2.I______ to see grandma and help her with some housework next week.
A. came B. am going C. come D. will come
3.We Chinese ______ the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold
4.From now on, I ______ the same mistakes again. Believe me.
A. make B. will make C. won’t make D. made
5.We ______ the old people in the old people’s house tomorrow afternoon.
A. help B. shall help C. are helping D. helped
6.I don’t know if he ______ . If he ______ , let me know.
A. comes; comes B. will come; comes C. will come; will come D. coming; comes
7.It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend
用法：
1． 过去发生的动作。例如：
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2． 过去存在的状态。例如：
They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，等。
构成： S+V-ed
动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：
一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：
练习题：
1． Mr. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
2．---Hi, Tom.
---Hello, Fancy. I ______ you were here.
A.don’t know B.won’t think C. think D. didn’t know
3. ---What did you do last night,Gina?
---I ______ Titanic 3D in the City Cinema.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch
4. ---Will Mary come to the party tomorrow?
---I’m not sure. She ______ an hour ago without saying anything,
A. has left B. left C. leave D. will leave
5. After the students ______ their exams, they celebrated by having a party.
A. passed B. failed C. joined D. gave
6. ---Is that your father speaking?
---Sorry, he isn’t in. He ______ abroad on business last month.
A. go B. went C. will go D. has gone
用法：
1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：
She is waiting for a bus now.
2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：You are working hard today.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.
The population of the world is growing very fast.
3）频度副词always, forever等词连用时，表示不断重复或某种强烈的感情。如： She is always smiling. He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)
4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：
The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock.
5）由while（when）引导的状语从句，动词通常用进行时。
While you are sitting on the grass, I’ll read you the novel.
常见时间标志词：now，at present，these days，look，listen，all the time，at the moment，be quiet等。
构成： Be + v-ing
肯定句： S + be + V-ing
否定句： S + be + not + V-ing
一般疑问句：Is(Are) + S + V-ing？
特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?
练习题：
1．They ______ ready for the coming test these days.
A. are getting B. get C. will get D. got
2. Be quiet. All the workers ______.
A. sleep B. are sleeping C. will sleep D. slept
3．Listen! Someone ______ at the door.
A. knocks B. knocking C. is knocking D. knocked
概念：
1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：
This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night？
常用于过去进行时的时间标志词：
at four yesterday afternoon，yesterday，then，all night, at that time/moment 等。
构成： was / were +v-ing
2）过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示在过去一段时间正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。如：
I was writing a composition last night. (可能没写完)
I wrote a composition last night. (已经写完)
练习题：
1）Daddy promised me he ______ me a computer
A. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy
2）They said they ______ do some sports if it was fine.
A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going
3）.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked
C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking
4）.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space.
A. just stared B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared
5）.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
6）. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel
概念：
1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如:
She has never read this novel.
2)表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.
注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：
He has died for 3 years.(F)
He has been dead for 3 years.(T)
延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
leave → be away; borrow → keep; buy → have;
begin/start → be on; die → be dead； fall ill → be ill；
finish/end/stop→ be over; get up → be up； put on → wear；
come here → be here； go there → be there； become → be；
join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；open/close sth → keep sth open/close catch/get a cold → have a cold；come back → be back fall asleep → be asleep；get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)； wake up → be awake;
leave → be away from； get to know → know；
go (get) out → be out； catch a cold →have a cold;
go to school → be in school; go abroad → be abroad;
marry → be married; make friends with → be friends with;
lose → be lost /be missing /be gone; lose one's job /work → be out of work /a job
注：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等
②have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）
have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）
如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)
Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)
构成：
have / has + v-ing
2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：
肯定句：S+ have（has）+V-ed
否定句：S+ have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed
一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？
特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？
练习题：
1.--How long ______ he ______ a fever?
--- Ever since last night.
A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have
2.My bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?
A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank
3. I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?
A. Didn’t seen; did, go B. didn’t see; have, gone
C. haven’t seen; have, been D. haven’t seen; have gone Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5. —— Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
7. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9. —Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
10. —How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
用法：
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 ”常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times.
When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left.
2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.
构成：
肯定式：had + V_ed
否定式：hadn’t + V_ed
疑问式：Had … + V_ed
简略回答: Yes, S + have/has had.
No, S + had
初中英语6大时态
用法:
1) 现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如：
I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.
2) 现在的状态。例如：
My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.
3）客观真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.
常见的标志词：often，usually，sometimes，always，seldom，never，every day/week…，how often，once a week，in the morning/afternoon/evening等。
构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：
1)当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：
肯定式: S + be(is/am/are) + ···
否定式: S+ be (is/am/are) + not + ···
一般疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S + ···?
简略回答: (肯) Yes, S + be(is/am/are).
(否) No, S + be(is/am/are) + not.
特殊疑问句式: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
2)主语为第三人称和名词单数时：
肯定式:S + V/动词的第三人称单数
否定式:S + don't/doesn't + V + 其他
一般疑问式:Do/Does + S + V + 其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes, S + do/does
(否)No, S + do/does not
练习题：
1. --- May I help you, sir?
--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.
A. didn’t work B. doesn’t work C. won’t work D. can’t work
2．______ the bus until it ______..
A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Don’t get off, stops D. Don’t get off, will stop
3．The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.
A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take
用法：
1）．将要发生的动作。例如：
I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
2）．将要存在的状态。例如：
This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?
3）．打算要做的事。 例如：
Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?
4）．表示往来运动的某些短暂性动词，可用现在进行时表示将来时。这类动词有：arrive，
come，leave，fly，move等。 例如：
They are arriving at this village in five hours.
He is coming to see me next week,
We are leaving / flying for London.
常用时间标志词：Tomorrow，soon，next week，this evening，in five days，from now on，in the future等。
构成：
1). will/shall + v
2). be + going to + v
练习题：
1. I______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？
A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left
2.I______ to see grandma and help her with some housework next week.
A. came B. am going C. come D. will come
3.We Chinese ______ the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold
4.From now on, I ______ the same mistakes again. Believe me.
A. make B. will make C. won’t make D. made
5.We ______ the old people in the old people’s house tomorrow afternoon.
A. help B. shall help C. are helping D. helped
6.I don’t know if he ______ . If he ______ , let me know.
A. comes; comes B. will come; comes C. will come; will come D. coming; comes
7.It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend
用法：
1． 过去发生的动作。例如：
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2． 过去存在的状态。例如：
They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，等。
构成： S+V-ed
动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：
一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：
练习题：
1． Mr. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
2．---Hi, Tom.
---Hello, Fancy. I ______ you were here.
A.don’t know B.won’t think C. think D. didn’t know
3. ---What did you do last night,Gina?
---I ______ Titanic 3D in the City Cinema.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch
4. ---Will Mary come to the party tomorrow?
---I’m not sure. She ______ an hour ago without saying anything,
A. has left B. left C. leave D. will leave
5. After the students ______ their exams, they celebrated by having a party.
A. passed B. failed C. joined D. gave
6. ---Is that your father speaking?
---Sorry, he isn’t in. He ______ abroad on business last month.
A. go B. went C. will go D. has gone
用法：
1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：
She is waiting for a bus now.
2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：You are working hard today.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.
The population of the world is growing very fast.
3）频度副词always, forever等词连用时，表示不断重复或某种强烈的感情。如： She is always smiling. He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)
4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：
The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock.
5）由while（when）引导的状语从句，动词通常用进行时。
While you are sitting on the grass, I’ll read you the novel.
常见时间标志词：now，at present，these days，look，listen，all the time，at the moment，be quiet等。
构成： Be + v-ing
肯定句： S + be + V-ing
否定句： S + be + not + V-ing
一般疑问句：Is(Are) + S + V-ing？
特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?
练习题：
1．They ______ ready for the coming test these days.
A. are getting B. get C. will get D. got
2. Be quiet. All the workers ______.
A. sleep B. are sleeping C. will sleep D. slept
3．Listen! Someone ______ at the door.
A. knocks B. knocking C. is knocking D. knocked
概念：
1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：
This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night？
常用于过去进行时的时间标志词：
at four yesterday afternoon，yesterday，then，all night, at that time/moment 等。
构成： was / were +v-ing
2）过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示在过去一段时间正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。如：
I was writing a composition last night. (可能没写完)
I wrote a composition last night. (已经写完)
练习题：
1）Daddy promised me he ______ me a computer
A. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy
2）They said they ______ do some sports if it was fine.
A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going
3）.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked
C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking
4）.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space.
A. just stared B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared
5）.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
6）. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel
概念：
1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如:
She has never read this novel.
2)表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.
注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：
He has died for 3 years.(F)
He has been dead for 3 years.(T)
延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
leave → be away; borrow → keep; buy → have;
begin/start → be on; die → be dead； fall ill → be ill；
finish/end/stop→ be over; get up → be up； put on → wear；
come here → be here； go there → be there； become → be；
join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；open/close sth → keep sth open/close catch/get a cold → have a cold；come back → be back fall asleep → be asleep；get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)； wake up → be awake;
leave → be away from； get to know → know；
go (get) out → be out； catch a cold →have a cold;
go to school → be in school; go abroad → be abroad;
marry → be married; make friends with → be friends with;
lose → be lost /be missing /be gone; lose one's job /work → be out of work /a job
注：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等
②have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）
have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）
如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)
Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)
构成：
have / has + v-ing
2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：
肯定句：S+ have（has）+V-ed
否定句：S+ have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed
一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？
特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？
练习题：
1.--How long ______ he ______ a fever?
--- Ever since last night.
A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have
2.My bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?
A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank
3. I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?
A. Didn’t seen; did, go B. didn’t see; have, gone
C. haven’t seen; have, been D. haven’t seen; have gone Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5. —— Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
7. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9. —Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
10. —How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
用法：
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 ”常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times.
When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left.
2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.
构成：
肯定式：had + V_ed
否定式：hadn’t + V_ed
疑问式：Had … + V_ed
简略回答: Yes, S + have/has had.
No, S + had