1．元音:
1) ie, ei [i:] ee / ea / e / three tree green sheep meet beef seek tea leave lead team mean speak clean he she me Chinese piece believereceive ceiling ︱receipt leisure 2) [i]sit picture list mix i / y / e / a fix fit pig build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious orange comrade village 3) [æ ] hand ant happy map a mad glad flag shall 4) [e]*ai/ei ea / e / a head bread pleasure *said/leisure elephant electric remember sell hotel
many any 5) [/ ur / orə:] ir / ur / ear girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve word world *work worm 6) or / ou / ure / ar / o [ə] (弱音) er / / a / e / u 元音字母及发元音leader speaker ( farmer powder power doctor actor mayor author delicious generous various jealous pleasure measure leisure culture
1
familiar collar dollar liar
together lesson control polite
account ago banana Canada Japan China spidermen listen glisten elephant calculus suspect maximum
7) [a:] nt car farm card arm
garden
last planthalf
︱calm 8) [oo ʌ] u / o / ou / up supper lunch fun
gun hunt cup bus come mother does brother love above trouble rough flourish
blood flood 9) [oor / au / our / ou / ɔ:] al / or / ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short lord horse forty sport more store sorefloor ︱sauce author caught
door autumn haunt
four mourn courtbought fought ︱wardrobe quarter *warmth
10) hot lost lot fox box [ɒ] / [ɔ] o / a mop hop loss collar want wash what squander
11) groom broom doom [u:] oo / o / u goose tooth balloon shoe do two
true truth blue full 12) [u]/ o oo / ou / u look good foot book
should could put full bull pull push women whose
2
13) [ei] a / ay / ai boy toy joy oyster / ey / ea soybean name cake late gate oil soil voice choice plane April noise play say may way︱18) [iə] eer / ea / rain paint plain ear / ea / ear / er / they grey︱great ier break beer deer ear idea 14) [ai] i / y near here fierce bike fine find die 19) [eə] ear / air / nine light night high are / ere my try fly eye bear pear pair chair 15) [au] ou / ow air fair house ground care scare square account count loud prepare around there where flower down now 20) [uə] our / oor cow how town *ure 16) [əu] o / ow / tour poor *sure oa 2．容易混淆的元音 home cold go no [æ] [e] phone host ghost bad bed hand head know low below man men land lend grow blow show pan pen sad said flow [i:] [i] boat coat goal it eat hit heat sit seat 17) [ɔi] oy / oi bit beat feet fit
3．辅音
1) [p] pear pour 2) [b] boot bread pull push break
3
3) [t] ton town 4) [d] dull dose twenty city dictionary
5) * [k] king kite look cook kitchen sky (字母account accept (字母)
字母psychology (字母组合字母组合)
6) language (字母)
safeguard (字母组合)
7) move come (字母m)
comb climb autumn column(ist) (字母组合 和 ) 8) 9) [ŋ] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening (字母组合10) world cold could goal soul able 11) [r] read red right run room
write wrist wrinkle wrong (字母组合
4
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough tough physic photo phone (字母组合13) 14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease ceiling celebrate piece juice science ace (发音字母c) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [θ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth through worth 17) [ð] that this those these though worthy
18) [ʃ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash *sure
nation attention station social special (字母组合)
19) [ʒəclosure (字母组合)
20) who whole whore (字母组合
when what where whisper (字母组合)
22) yellow
5
23) [tʃ] child chicken couch chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) [dʒ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
joke
education during (字母25) 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods friends
4．容易混淆的辅音 [v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine [s] [θ] sink think mass math sort sought [z] [ð] close cloth breeze breathe
5．字母及字母组合发音规律 重读音节中基本上都读[ə] 或(少1）a [ei] [æ] [a:] fast dance class [ɔ] / [ə] [i] past father (美音不private bake grape 同) nation station page wash what watch active bank fan want parent family glad accept formative flag machine cinema
orange village cabbage comrade
6
2）e [i:] [e] / [i] [ə] love some other mother honey 不发音appreciate
extremely secret she me he letter left message
generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore prosperous student problem
confident wife store lecture active table late
3high price library ）i [ai] [i] / [i] [ə] ice wife size line fist picky citypiano fiancé︱holiday beautiful unit 4
[）o [əhost cold note okay ɔ] / [ə] [əu] [u:] [u]
ʌ] old home
lose do who whose prove improve
company lost hot mock office soft honest control collect today tomorrow
photo zero also 5[）u [ju:] [u] [ʌ] / university refuse ə] [i]
unique universe huge
put push pull full bull July
but brush bucket duck bubble
*business busy support suggest
6c ）camp cable camera 在c a/o/u [k] 及辅音前 [s]
: country courage culture credit claw c celebrate cell cease 在e/i/y前: ceiling city cigar privacy cycle
7
7[ŋ]）g [g] [dʒ] g 前，或置于词尾在
a/o/u, ir，辅音girl grade gorgeous : garbage flag frugal g vegetable bridge 在e/i/y前: village gentleman gym germ
long song sing morning evening
8) listen learn
l [l] 读音不同 language collect gorilla world cold soil tall
sell cool animal
9) 音前或n [n] (在[g][k][ŋ] ng 组合中moon night noodle )
number uncle hungry angry
young thank * singer finger
10) 与r [r] (元音语[r]音的组合，美right read write )
grade progress card board door floor form north perfect
11[ai]
）y [j] [i] yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dye dying fly buy by my dryer
12) Grasshopper h [h] 不发音 hockey honest ︱hour
13) executive exist x [gz] [ks] exactly exaggerate 重execute textbook
exercise explain oxygen carbon dioxide
8
*anxious anxiety ex 中的x [ks]时，deserve serve fierce person
teacher driver anger singer
(ex 次上，则发发) 重音在[eks]ex 上，exercise [iks]，不在其。 expectation excellent
except expect excel explain exclude
元音字母与合：r 的组1[）ar
[a:] [ə] farm card garden ɔ:]
mark
dollar collar popular
warm warn quarter (worm word worse worker worth world *sword / worn) 的在[w]音后
or, ar 2) [iə] er *[a:]
[ə:] [ə]
serious experience mysterious *sergeant clerk 3) shirt girl skirt ir [ə:] [ai] admire desire 4) [or [ɔ:] [ ə:] short form corn ə]
born for *work world worm
word worst worthy tractor doctor actor senior senator 5) Thursday hurt
ur [ə:] [ə] turtle surf
︱sulfur 6) 7) air repair Scare square dare are [εə]
prepare welfare 8) hire fire require ire [aiə] wire retire inspire 9) ore [ɔ:]
9
shore ignore snore sore sophomore 10) board oar roar soar oar [ɔ:] coarse
11) *[umature lure secureəure ] sure
[juə] [ə] ︱12) nature sculpture [εəear [ə:] [iə] learn earth earn ]
heard
hear near clear ear fear
bear pear tear wear *heart
13) [udoor floor ə] oor
[ɔ:] moor poor boor
14) [our [auə] [ɔ:] [uə] [ə:] hour sour flour ə]
pour four court mourn course tour bournjourney journal ︱neighbour
15) engineer pioneer eer peer beer career
16) interfere mere ere [iə] [εə] severe atmosphere sincere there where
元音字母与的组合：w, u1) law claw drawer aw au
[ɔ:] flawless yawn laundry autumn (be)cause pause applaud sauce audience aunt *laugh
2) flew threw screw ew [u:] [ju] chew shrewd review preview new ewe dew Jewish
eu neutral pneumonia [ju] *[u:] neutron Europe *Freud
10
3) window meadow ow [əu] [au] know show swallow now town how
down cow
ou [Count house lousy əu] [ [au] [ə] [ɔ:ʌ]] [u:]
south pound tough rough enough country young double touch cousin courage nourish
group soup yout ︱shoulder
hough soul delicious conscious prosperous serious sought
*bought thought would *should could
4) [i]
ui [u:] [ui] fruit recruit juice suit
suicide tuition intuition fluid
biscuit circuit *suite
元音字母内部组合：1) [ieo {ee [i:] 就发 [i[i(:)]}əu] people video neon ə] [e]
Neolithic leopard jeopardize
2) ie [i:] [aiə] 词尾tie die pie lie piece niece thief relieve grief chief brief
field believe grieve hygiene
diet client anxiety society *friend 3) straight maintain ai/ay [ei] [i] contain hail afraid sustainable raise praise
11
curtain captain mountain
lay pay stay portray portrait *Sunday
4) ei/ey [ei] [i:] 8) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [iə] cease season breathe feature please
bread breast breath [ai]
foreign eight weigh neighbour veil obey they grey receive receipt perceive either (mon)key money *height (weight)
5) toilet spoil toy oi/oy noise tortoise
弱6) [oo [u:] [u] room tool cool ʌ]
moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook book
blood flood
7) upload soap *broad oa [əu] [ɔ:] goat
meadow weather great break *lead/read
音同词异idea realize
*create
弱特殊组合：1) al [ɔ]
[ɔ:l] ball talk wall mall [a:]
small
always also salt almost already half calm
2) se [z] [s] nose suppose goose (sum the rule) lose pose husband mouse house
3) thank think thought th [θ] [ð] cloth method
12
clothes that this then than
3) lock knock cocktail ck [k]
pocket rocket
jacket bucket ticket
4) knee kneel knock kn [n] knowledge knife
5) share industry ph sh, tr, dr, dge, [f] trunk hair-dryer fridge
pharmacist phase biography elephant
6) ch [tʃ] chick peach bleach [ʃ]
[k] chat
school schedule stomachache chemistry machine chef Chicago
7) [gw] gu-, -gue 不发音 [g] monologue
language linguistic anguish
*tongue 8) gh [f] cough enough 音
不发tough rough light daughter height weight
9) clinique queue qu [k] [kw] picturesque antique quarrel quiet quite quarrel squander
10) patient negotiate 元音ti, cia, e, o在弱读前 [ʃ] specification species special insufficient facial social(sociology) associate (association)
13
11) sion [ʃən] wrap write wrinkle [ʒən] wrestle castle extension tension kitchen ditch watch what whistle who whole whore supervision climb lamb tomb conclusion comb bomb television occasion autumn column decision solemn buy build 12) tion [ʃən] *answer two [tʃən](不常见) station nation 15) –sc [s] [sk] translation (find out the rule) attention muscle science question suggestion (sub)conscious digestion scissors scenery scythe 13) [tʃə] scare score scold sculpture telescope microscope screen 14) –sten / -wr / scar scarf screen -stle / -tch / -wh / -mb / -mn / -bu *sorry worry hurrylisten fasten
音素: 音的最小单位, 英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
14
元音: 发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是音节的主要组成部分。英语中有20个元音。
辅音: 发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是音节的重要组成部分，英语中有28个辅音。 （清辅音？浊 ：1) 辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine. 2) 辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节：1) 辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2) 元音+辅音 it is of in on
up out ant
重读元音字母加r ，再加非重读元音时，重读元音字母按+re的音节拼读，字母r various serious experience zero inspiring story during(endure)
15
1．元音:
1) ie, ei [i:] ee / ea / e / three tree green sheep meet beef seek tea leave lead team mean speak clean he she me Chinese piece believereceive ceiling ︱receipt leisure 2) [i]sit picture list mix i / y / e / a fix fit pig build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious orange comrade village 3) [æ ] hand ant happy map a mad glad flag shall 4) [e]*ai/ei ea / e / a head bread pleasure *said/leisure elephant electric remember sell hotel
many any 5) [/ ur / orə:] ir / ur / ear girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve word world *work worm 6) or / ou / ure / ar / o [ə] (弱音) er / / a / e / u 元音字母及发元音leader speaker ( farmer powder power doctor actor mayor author delicious generous various jealous pleasure measure leisure culture
1
familiar collar dollar liar
together lesson control polite
account ago banana Canada Japan China spidermen listen glisten elephant calculus suspect maximum
7) [a:] nt car farm card arm
garden
last planthalf
︱calm 8) [oo ʌ] u / o / ou / up supper lunch fun
gun hunt cup bus come mother does brother love above trouble rough flourish
blood flood 9) [oor / au / our / ou / ɔ:] al / or / ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short lord horse forty sport more store sorefloor ︱sauce author caught
door autumn haunt
four mourn courtbought fought ︱wardrobe quarter *warmth
10) hot lost lot fox box [ɒ] / [ɔ] o / a mop hop loss collar want wash what squander
11) groom broom doom [u:] oo / o / u goose tooth balloon shoe do two
true truth blue full 12) [u]/ o oo / ou / u look good foot book
should could put full bull pull push women whose
2
13) [ei] a / ay / ai boy toy joy oyster / ey / ea soybean name cake late gate oil soil voice choice plane April noise play say may way︱18) [iə] eer / ea / rain paint plain ear / ea / ear / er / they grey︱great ier break beer deer ear idea 14) [ai] i / y near here fierce bike fine find die 19) [eə] ear / air / nine light night high are / ere my try fly eye bear pear pair chair 15) [au] ou / ow air fair house ground care scare square account count loud prepare around there where flower down now 20) [uə] our / oor cow how town *ure 16) [əu] o / ow / tour poor *sure oa 2．容易混淆的元音 home cold go no [æ] [e] phone host ghost bad bed hand head know low below man men land lend grow blow show pan pen sad said flow [i:] [i] boat coat goal it eat hit heat sit seat 17) [ɔi] oy / oi bit beat feet fit
3．辅音
1) [p] pear pour 2) [b] boot bread pull push break
3
3) [t] ton town 4) [d] dull dose twenty city dictionary
5) * [k] king kite look cook kitchen sky (字母account accept (字母)
字母psychology (字母组合字母组合)
6) language (字母)
safeguard (字母组合)
7) move come (字母m)
comb climb autumn column(ist) (字母组合 和 ) 8) 9) [ŋ] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening (字母组合10) world cold could goal soul able 11) [r] read red right run room
write wrist wrinkle wrong (字母组合
4
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough tough physic photo phone (字母组合13) 14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease ceiling celebrate piece juice science ace (发音字母c) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [θ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth through worth 17) [ð] that this those these though worthy
18) [ʃ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash *sure
nation attention station social special (字母组合)
19) [ʒəclosure (字母组合)
20) who whole whore (字母组合
when what where whisper (字母组合)
22) yellow
5
23) [tʃ] child chicken couch chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) [dʒ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
joke
education during (字母25) 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods friends
4．容易混淆的辅音 [v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine [s] [θ] sink think mass math sort sought [z] [ð] close cloth breeze breathe
5．字母及字母组合发音规律 重读音节中基本上都读[ə] 或(少1）a [ei] [æ] [a:] fast dance class [ɔ] / [ə] [i] past father (美音不private bake grape 同) nation station page wash what watch active bank fan want parent family glad accept formative flag machine cinema
orange village cabbage comrade
6
2）e [i:] [e] / [i] [ə] love some other mother honey 不发音appreciate
extremely secret she me he letter left message
generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore prosperous student problem
confident wife store lecture active table late
3high price library ）i [ai] [i] / [i] [ə] ice wife size line fist picky citypiano fiancé︱holiday beautiful unit 4
[）o [əhost cold note okay ɔ] / [ə] [əu] [u:] [u]
ʌ] old home
lose do who whose prove improve
company lost hot mock office soft honest control collect today tomorrow
photo zero also 5[）u [ju:] [u] [ʌ] / university refuse ə] [i]
unique universe huge
put push pull full bull July
but brush bucket duck bubble
*business busy support suggest
6c ）camp cable camera 在c a/o/u [k] 及辅音前 [s]
: country courage culture credit claw c celebrate cell cease 在e/i/y前: ceiling city cigar privacy cycle
7
7[ŋ]）g [g] [dʒ] g 前，或置于词尾在
a/o/u, ir，辅音girl grade gorgeous : garbage flag frugal g vegetable bridge 在e/i/y前: village gentleman gym germ
long song sing morning evening
8) listen learn
l [l] 读音不同 language collect gorilla world cold soil tall
sell cool animal
9) 音前或n [n] (在[g][k][ŋ] ng 组合中moon night noodle )
number uncle hungry angry
young thank * singer finger
10) 与r [r] (元音语[r]音的组合，美right read write )
grade progress card board door floor form north perfect
11[ai]
）y [j] [i] yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dye dying fly buy by my dryer
12) Grasshopper h [h] 不发音 hockey honest ︱hour
13) executive exist x [gz] [ks] exactly exaggerate 重execute textbook
exercise explain oxygen carbon dioxide
8
*anxious anxiety ex 中的x [ks]时，deserve serve fierce person
teacher driver anger singer
(ex 次上，则发发) 重音在[eks]ex 上，exercise [iks]，不在其。 expectation excellent
except expect excel explain exclude
元音字母与合：r 的组1[）ar
[a:] [ə] farm card garden ɔ:]
mark
dollar collar popular
warm warn quarter (worm word worse worker worth world *sword / worn) 的在[w]音后
or, ar 2) [iə] er *[a:]
[ə:] [ə]
serious experience mysterious *sergeant clerk 3) shirt girl skirt ir [ə:] [ai] admire desire 4) [or [ɔ:] [ ə:] short form corn ə]
born for *work world worm
word worst worthy tractor doctor actor senior senator 5) Thursday hurt
ur [ə:] [ə] turtle surf
︱sulfur 6) 7) air repair Scare square dare are [εə]
prepare welfare 8) hire fire require ire [aiə] wire retire inspire 9) ore [ɔ:]
9
shore ignore snore sore sophomore 10) board oar roar soar oar [ɔ:] coarse
11) *[umature lure secureəure ] sure
[juə] [ə] ︱12) nature sculpture [εəear [ə:] [iə] learn earth earn ]
heard
hear near clear ear fear
bear pear tear wear *heart
13) [udoor floor ə] oor
[ɔ:] moor poor boor
14) [our [auə] [ɔ:] [uə] [ə:] hour sour flour ə]
pour four court mourn course tour bournjourney journal ︱neighbour
15) engineer pioneer eer peer beer career
16) interfere mere ere [iə] [εə] severe atmosphere sincere there where
元音字母与的组合：w, u1) law claw drawer aw au
[ɔ:] flawless yawn laundry autumn (be)cause pause applaud sauce audience aunt *laugh
2) flew threw screw ew [u:] [ju] chew shrewd review preview new ewe dew Jewish
eu neutral pneumonia [ju] *[u:] neutron Europe *Freud
10
3) window meadow ow [əu] [au] know show swallow now town how
down cow
ou [Count house lousy əu] [ [au] [ə] [ɔ:ʌ]] [u:]
south pound tough rough enough country young double touch cousin courage nourish
group soup yout ︱shoulder
hough soul delicious conscious prosperous serious sought
*bought thought would *should could
4) [i]
ui [u:] [ui] fruit recruit juice suit
suicide tuition intuition fluid
biscuit circuit *suite
元音字母内部组合：1) [ieo {ee [i:] 就发 [i[i(:)]}əu] people video neon ə] [e]
Neolithic leopard jeopardize
2) ie [i:] [aiə] 词尾tie die pie lie piece niece thief relieve grief chief brief
field believe grieve hygiene
diet client anxiety society *friend 3) straight maintain ai/ay [ei] [i] contain hail afraid sustainable raise praise
11
curtain captain mountain
lay pay stay portray portrait *Sunday
4) ei/ey [ei] [i:] 8) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [iə] cease season breathe feature please
bread breast breath [ai]
foreign eight weigh neighbour veil obey they grey receive receipt perceive either (mon)key money *height (weight)
5) toilet spoil toy oi/oy noise tortoise
弱6) [oo [u:] [u] room tool cool ʌ]
moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook book
blood flood
7) upload soap *broad oa [əu] [ɔ:] goat
meadow weather great break *lead/read
音同词异idea realize
*create
弱特殊组合：1) al [ɔ]
[ɔ:l] ball talk wall mall [a:]
small
always also salt almost already half calm
2) se [z] [s] nose suppose goose (sum the rule) lose pose husband mouse house
3) thank think thought th [θ] [ð] cloth method
12
clothes that this then than
3) lock knock cocktail ck [k]
pocket rocket
jacket bucket ticket
4) knee kneel knock kn [n] knowledge knife
5) share industry ph sh, tr, dr, dge, [f] trunk hair-dryer fridge
pharmacist phase biography elephant
6) ch [tʃ] chick peach bleach [ʃ]
[k] chat
school schedule stomachache chemistry machine chef Chicago
7) [gw] gu-, -gue 不发音 [g] monologue
language linguistic anguish
*tongue 8) gh [f] cough enough 音
不发tough rough light daughter height weight
9) clinique queue qu [k] [kw] picturesque antique quarrel quiet quite quarrel squander
10) patient negotiate 元音ti, cia, e, o在弱读前 [ʃ] specification species special insufficient facial social(sociology) associate (association)
13
11) sion [ʃən] wrap write wrinkle [ʒən] wrestle castle extension tension kitchen ditch watch what whistle who whole whore supervision climb lamb tomb conclusion comb bomb television occasion autumn column decision solemn buy build 12) tion [ʃən] *answer two [tʃən](不常见) station nation 15) –sc [s] [sk] translation (find out the rule) attention muscle science question suggestion (sub)conscious digestion scissors scenery scythe 13) [tʃə] scare score scold sculpture telescope microscope screen 14) –sten / -wr / scar scarf screen -stle / -tch / -wh / -mb / -mn / -bu *sorry worry hurrylisten fasten
音素: 音的最小单位, 英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
14
元音: 发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是音节的主要组成部分。英语中有20个元音。
辅音: 发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是音节的重要组成部分，英语中有28个辅音。 （清辅音？浊 ：1) 辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine. 2) 辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节：1) 辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2) 元音+辅音 it is of in on
up out ant
重读元音字母加r ，再加非重读元音时，重读元音字母按+re的音节拼读，字母r various serious experience zero inspiring story during(endure)
15