I. vocabulary
absorbance 吸光度 acetic acid 乙酸 acetone 丙酮 acetonitrile 乙腈
aliquot 等份(试液) aluminum foil 铝箔
analytical chemistry 分析化学
American Chemical Society (缩写ACS) 美国化学会
autosampler 自动进样器 beaker 烧杯
bibliography 参考书目 blender 混合器, 搅拌机 electrode 电极
electrolyte 电解质
electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波谱 electrospray ionization (缩写ESI ) 电喷雾离子化
eliminate 消除(v. ) eluate 洗出液
filter 过滤(v. )、过滤器(n.) filtrate 滤出液 funnel 漏斗 gas chromatography –mass spectrometry (缩写GC –MS) 气相色谱-质谱
gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (缩写GC –MS/MS)气相色谱-串联质谱 gel filtration chromatography 凝胶过滤色谱法
gel permeation chromatography 凝胶渗透色谱法
graduated cylinder 量筒 high performance liquid chromatography (缩写HPLC) 高效液相色谱
homogenate 匀浆 (n.)
homogenize 使均质,将……打成匀浆
hydrophobic 疏水的 identification 鉴定 Impact Factor影响因子 incubation time 温育时间
Index to Scientific Technical Proceedings (缩写ISTP ) 科技会议录索引
indicator 指示剂
instrumental analysis 仪器分析 interference 干扰
ion enhancement 离子加强
ion exchange chromatography 离子交换色谱法
ion source 离子源
ion suppression 离子抑制
limit of detection (缩写LOD )检出
buffer solution 缓冲溶液 burette 滴定管 cartridge 柱管 centrifugation 离心 Chemical Abstracts (缩写CA) 化学文摘 chemical analysis 化学分析
chromatograph 色谱仪
chromatogram 色谱图
cloud point extraction(缩写CPE )浊
点萃取
confidence level 置信水平 conical flask 锥形瓶 eluent 洗脱剂 elute 洗脱 (v.) elution 洗脱(n. ) Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry
分析化学百科全书
The Engineering Index (缩写EI ) 工程索引 filtration 过滤 fluorescence 荧光 限 limit of quantitation (缩写LOQ) 定量限 linearity 线性 linear range 线性范围 linear regression equation 线性回归方程 liquid chromatography tandem mass
spectrometry (缩写LC-MS/MS)液
相色谱串联质谱
liquid chromatography with
electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (缩写
LC-ESI-MS/MS)液相色谱电喷雾串
联质谱
liquid-liquid partition chromatography 液液分配色谱法
liquid-solid adsorption
chromatography 液固吸附色谱法
mass analyzer 质量
分析器
Mass Spectrometer 质谱
仪
mass spectrum 质谱图
mass-to-charge ratio 质荷比
matrix effect 基质效应
maximum absorption 最大吸收
maximum value 最大值
measuring pipet 吸量管
methanol 甲醇
micelle 胶束
microwave assisted extraction 微波辅
助提取
minimum value 最小值
mobile phase 流动相
daughter ion 子离子
dichloromethane 二氯甲烷 Diode array detector (缩写DAD )二极管阵列检测器 dilution 稀释(n. ) disperser solvent 分散剂
dispersive liquid –liquid microextraction 分散液液微萃取 distilled water 蒸馏水 dropping pipet 滴管 electrochemical analysis电化学分析 enrichment factor 富集因子 Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (缩写ELSD) 蒸发光散射检测器 extract 萃取(v. )、萃取物 (n.) extraction efficiency 萃取效率 fluorometry 荧光分析法 formic acid 甲酸 molarity 摩尔浓度 monograph 专著 Multiple-reaction monitoring 多反应监测(缩写MRM) normal phase liquid chromatography 正相液相色谱法 nominal concentration 标示浓度 optimization 优化
outlier 离群值
parent ion 母离子
pipette polycyclic 移液管 aromatic hydrocarbons 多 环芳烃 potentiometry 电位法 preconcentration 预浓缩
primary literature一次文献 quadrupole-time- of-flight mass spectrometry 四极杆-飞行时间质谱(缩写Q-TOF MS) qualitative analysis 定性分析 quality assurance and quality control (缩写QA/QC) 质量保证和质量控制 quantification 定量 quantitative analysis 定量分析 reconstitute 重组、复溶(v. ) recovery 回收率 refractive index detector 折光指数检测器,示差折光检测器 relative abundance 相对丰度 relative standard deviation (缩写RSD )相对标准偏差 reproducibility 重现性 reversed phase liquid chromatography
(缩写RPLC )反相液相色谱法 Royal Society of Chemistry (缩写RSC )英国皇家化学会
Science Citation Index (缩写SCI ) 科学引文索引
Science Citation Index Expanded (缩写SCIE) 科学引文索引扩展版 Scientific notation 科学计数法 signal to noise ratio (缩写S/N)信噪比
size exclusion chromatography尺寸排除色谱法
secondary literature二次文献
solid-phase extraction (缩写SPE ) 固相萃取
solid-phase microextraction (缩写SPME ) 固相微萃取 spike 添加(v. )
standard solution标准溶液 stationary phase 固定相 stirring bar 搅拌棒
stoichiometric point化学计量点 surfactant 表面活性剂 supernatant 上清液 syringe 注射器 tap water 自来水 Teflon 聚四氟乙烯
tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃
titrant 滴定剂 titration 滴定 Ultra performance liquid chromatography (缩写UPLC) 超高效液相色谱
Ultraviolet/Visible
Spectrophotometry 紫外/可见分光光度法
vacuum 真空 vessel 容器
volumetric flask 容量瓶
volumetric analysis容量分析法 voltammetry 伏安法
II. Terms and their definitions
Accuracy 准确度 A measure of the agreement between an experimental result and its expected value.
Analysis 分析A process that provides chemical or physical information about the constituents in the sample or the sample
itself
Analyte 被测物,被分析物The constituent of interest in sample
Calibration curve 校准曲线 The result of a standardization showing graphically how a method’s signal changes with respect
to the amount of analyte.
Calibration method 校准方法The basis of quantitative analysis: magnitude of measured property is proportional to
concentration of analyte
Chromophore 生色团A functional group which absorbs a characteristic ultraviolet or visible wavelength
Gradient elution 梯度洗脱 T he process of changing the mobile phase’s solvent strength to enhance the separation of both
early and late eluting solutes.
Gravimetric analysis重量分析 A type of quantitative analysis in which the amount of a species in a material is determined by converting the species into a product that can be isolated and weighed.
Isocratic elution 等度洗脱the use of a mobile phase whose composition remains constant throughout the separation.
Matrix 基质All other constituents in a sample except for the analytes
Method blank方法空白 A sample that contains all components of the matrix except the analyte. Outlier 离群值Data point whose value is much larger or smaller than the remaining data. Precision 精密度 An indication of the reproducibility of a measurement or result
Quantitative analysis 定量分析The determination of the amount of a substance or species present in a material.
Quantitative transfer 定量转移 The process of moving a sample from one container to another in a manner that ensures all
material is transferred.
Selectivity 选择性 A measure of a method’s freedom from interferences as defined by the method’s selectivity coefficient.
Significant figures有效数字The digits in a measured quantity, including all digits known exactly and one digit (the last) whose
quantity is uncertain.
Spectrophotometry 分光光度法. An analytical method that involves how light interacts with a substance Stock solution储备液 A solution of known concentration from which other solutions are prepared.
Titration curve滴定曲线 A graph showing the progress of a titration as a function of the volume of titrant added. Validation (方法)确证,验证 The process of verifying that a procedure yields acceptable results.
Titration error滴定误差The determinate error in a titration due to the difference between the end point and the equivalence
point.
ELECTROPHORESIS III. Common knowledges
2. Types of articles published in scientific journals: 1. Some key journals in Analytical Chemistry:
Full Length Research Papers Analytical Chemistry
Rapid Communications Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Reviews Journal of Chromatography A
Journal of Chromatography B Short Communications Analyst
Discussions or Letters to the Editor
Analytica Chimica Acta
TALANTA
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry (Some journals publish all types of articles, while others are Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry devoted to only a single type.)
3. The structure of a scientific paper:
• Title
• Authors (with affiliations and addresses) • Abstract (summary) • Key words • Introduction • Experimental
• Results and discussion • Conclusion
• Acknowledgement • References
4. How to Read a Scientific Paper: Five Helpful Questions
• • • • • 1) WHY did they do this set of experiments? 2) HOW were the experiments actually done? 3) WHAT are the results?
4) WHAT can be concluded from the results? 5) Did they do everything correctly?
5. Five-step analyzing process 1) Identify and define the problem. 2) Design the experimental procedure. 3) Conduct an experiment and gather data. 4) Analyze the experimental data. 5) Report and suggestion
IV . Translation exercises
1. 用分散液 - 液微萃取法对杀菌剂的水样品中的测定(杀真菌剂)开发的。它是基于使用固化浮动滴有机结合高效液相色谱法。提取溶剂和分散溶剂,提取时间和盐效应进行了优化。在优化条件下,介于145和161的富集倍数为5毫升水样。检测限(LOD )为乙霉威的限制(乙霉威)和嘧霉胺(嘧霉胺)是0.24和0.09微克∙L - 1 ,分别。该方法具有良好的重现性和回收率高。与分散液液微萃取相比,它具有更高的富集系数,精度高,由于与该固化浮相转移,从而避免了被分析物的损失易用性。有毒溶剂由1 - 十二烷醇,其毒性低得多取代。该方法已成功地应用于自来水,湖水和河水的两种杀菌剂的决心。 2. 作为多环芳香烃( PAH )的浓度(多环芳烃)现有环境水样中都非常低,样品提取和富集过程分析之前需要。液 - 液萃取(LLE )和固相萃取(SPE )是传统的方法,以从样品基质中提取感兴趣的分析物。然而,液液萃取,不仅需要大量的有毒的有机溶剂,但它也是费时和乏味。 SPE 使用比LLE 溶剂用量少,但相对昂贵。现代趋势分析化学是朝向样品制备,以及最低限度地使用有机溶剂的简化和小型化。 2006年,分散液液微萃取( DLLME )由阿萨迪和他的同事开发的。有机溶剂和提取时间的消耗大大降低。然而,使用诸如二氯甲烷,氯仿和四氯化碳的密度高的溶剂是所有有毒。在2008年的基础上,漂浮有机液滴( DLLME -SFO )的凝固了一种新的分散液液微萃取由梁和黄进行了介绍。在该技术中所使用的萃取溶剂是低密度和低毒性的,一个典型的例子是2 - 十二烷醇(2 -DD- OH ) 。的提取物,它形成的层上的水样品的顶部,可以通过在低温下固化也被收集。该DLLME -SFO方法演示的是简单,准确,精确和环境良性的优点。它已被成功地用于提取水样许多微量物质富集。
3. 鱼匀浆提取液加了目标分析物的混合物,进行比较三级净化技术进行: (一)弗罗里硅土固相萃取(硅藻土,一种吸附剂)墨盒(1G , 6毫升墨盒) , ( b )凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC )在Agilent 1200系列高压液相色谱系统中串联有二极管阵列检测器( HPLC-DAD ),(三) SPE Oasis HLB固(200毫克, 6毫升墨盒),然后用GPC 。对于基于弗罗里硅土固相萃取的净化方法,弗罗里硅土小柱空调用5mL 己烷,然后用5毫升乙腈。提取液穿过盒和收集蒸发至干。基于所使用的GPC , 1毫升提取液在250毫升甲醇中的纯化方法,通过一个EnviroPrep , 300毫米×21.2毫米( 10毫米孔径)柱联接到PLgel 保护柱(50毫米×7.5毫米) (安捷伦获得通过技术) 。收集并蒸发至干,含有目标化合物( 13.5分钟到26.5分钟之间)的纯化馏分。最后,第三清理协议测试,鱼提取物重新溶解在250毫升的HPLC 级水和绿洲HLB 墨盒SPE 加载。 Oasis HLB固墨盒以前空调用6 mL甲醇,随后用6毫升HPLC 级水。后的样品在2毫升/分钟加载,分析物进行纯化,用6毫升甲醇中。洗脱液蒸发至1毫升的甲醇中的最终体积,然后注入GPC 进行进一步的纯化。最后的萃取物蒸发至干,重新配制用1mL 甲醇/水( 10:90,体积/体积) ,并加入50毫升含内部标准1 mg / L的混合物。
4. 一个UPLC-MS/MS系统上进行样品分析。采用Acquity UPLC 系统( Waters 公司,米尔福德, MA ,USA )是由自动进样器(设定在4℃) ,柱温箱(设定在45 ° C)和二元溶剂输送经理。甲串联质谱法被用于检测。色谱分离,实现在沃特世ACQUITY BEH C18柱( 2.1 '50mm ID , 1.7毫米,水域,爱尔兰Wexford )之前有一个BEH C18先锋预柱( 2.1 ' 5毫米ID ,1.7毫米,水域,爱尔兰Wexford ) 。等度洗脱持续1.2min 得到,流动相含有40 %甲醇和60%的0.1 %甲酸的水,并用泵在0.35mL/min 。一个典型的进样量为10毫升。该检测系统,串联四极杆质谱仪(水域的Quattro 总理XE ,微团的MS 技术,曼彻斯特,英国) ,在正离子( ESI +)模式下操作。多反应监测( MRM )模式下被选定为沙格列汀量化(沙格列汀,一种治疗糖尿病的药)和IS ,为其前体产物离子跃迁如下:沙格列汀, 316.1 179.9 ; IS , 408 234.9 。锥孔电压和碰撞能量分别为30和18 V的两种化合物。超高纯氮气和氩气分别用作去溶剂化气体( 700升/小时)和碰撞气体( 0.21mL/min ) 。是MassLynx 4.1软件是用来收集和处理数据。
I. vocabulary
absorbance 吸光度 acetic acid 乙酸 acetone 丙酮 acetonitrile 乙腈
aliquot 等份(试液) aluminum foil 铝箔
analytical chemistry 分析化学
American Chemical Society (缩写ACS) 美国化学会
autosampler 自动进样器 beaker 烧杯
bibliography 参考书目 blender 混合器, 搅拌机 electrode 电极
electrolyte 电解质
electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波谱 electrospray ionization (缩写ESI ) 电喷雾离子化
eliminate 消除(v. ) eluate 洗出液
filter 过滤(v. )、过滤器(n.) filtrate 滤出液 funnel 漏斗 gas chromatography –mass spectrometry (缩写GC –MS) 气相色谱-质谱
gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (缩写GC –MS/MS)气相色谱-串联质谱 gel filtration chromatography 凝胶过滤色谱法
gel permeation chromatography 凝胶渗透色谱法
graduated cylinder 量筒 high performance liquid chromatography (缩写HPLC) 高效液相色谱
homogenate 匀浆 (n.)
homogenize 使均质,将……打成匀浆
hydrophobic 疏水的 identification 鉴定 Impact Factor影响因子 incubation time 温育时间
Index to Scientific Technical Proceedings (缩写ISTP ) 科技会议录索引
indicator 指示剂
instrumental analysis 仪器分析 interference 干扰
ion enhancement 离子加强
ion exchange chromatography 离子交换色谱法
ion source 离子源
ion suppression 离子抑制
limit of detection (缩写LOD )检出
buffer solution 缓冲溶液 burette 滴定管 cartridge 柱管 centrifugation 离心 Chemical Abstracts (缩写CA) 化学文摘 chemical analysis 化学分析
chromatograph 色谱仪
chromatogram 色谱图
cloud point extraction(缩写CPE )浊
点萃取
confidence level 置信水平 conical flask 锥形瓶 eluent 洗脱剂 elute 洗脱 (v.) elution 洗脱(n. ) Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry
分析化学百科全书
The Engineering Index (缩写EI ) 工程索引 filtration 过滤 fluorescence 荧光 限 limit of quantitation (缩写LOQ) 定量限 linearity 线性 linear range 线性范围 linear regression equation 线性回归方程 liquid chromatography tandem mass
spectrometry (缩写LC-MS/MS)液
相色谱串联质谱
liquid chromatography with
electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (缩写
LC-ESI-MS/MS)液相色谱电喷雾串
联质谱
liquid-liquid partition chromatography 液液分配色谱法
liquid-solid adsorption
chromatography 液固吸附色谱法
mass analyzer 质量
分析器
Mass Spectrometer 质谱
仪
mass spectrum 质谱图
mass-to-charge ratio 质荷比
matrix effect 基质效应
maximum absorption 最大吸收
maximum value 最大值
measuring pipet 吸量管
methanol 甲醇
micelle 胶束
microwave assisted extraction 微波辅
助提取
minimum value 最小值
mobile phase 流动相
daughter ion 子离子
dichloromethane 二氯甲烷 Diode array detector (缩写DAD )二极管阵列检测器 dilution 稀释(n. ) disperser solvent 分散剂
dispersive liquid –liquid microextraction 分散液液微萃取 distilled water 蒸馏水 dropping pipet 滴管 electrochemical analysis电化学分析 enrichment factor 富集因子 Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (缩写ELSD) 蒸发光散射检测器 extract 萃取(v. )、萃取物 (n.) extraction efficiency 萃取效率 fluorometry 荧光分析法 formic acid 甲酸 molarity 摩尔浓度 monograph 专著 Multiple-reaction monitoring 多反应监测(缩写MRM) normal phase liquid chromatography 正相液相色谱法 nominal concentration 标示浓度 optimization 优化
outlier 离群值
parent ion 母离子
pipette polycyclic 移液管 aromatic hydrocarbons 多 环芳烃 potentiometry 电位法 preconcentration 预浓缩
primary literature一次文献 quadrupole-time- of-flight mass spectrometry 四极杆-飞行时间质谱(缩写Q-TOF MS) qualitative analysis 定性分析 quality assurance and quality control (缩写QA/QC) 质量保证和质量控制 quantification 定量 quantitative analysis 定量分析 reconstitute 重组、复溶(v. ) recovery 回收率 refractive index detector 折光指数检测器,示差折光检测器 relative abundance 相对丰度 relative standard deviation (缩写RSD )相对标准偏差 reproducibility 重现性 reversed phase liquid chromatography
(缩写RPLC )反相液相色谱法 Royal Society of Chemistry (缩写RSC )英国皇家化学会
Science Citation Index (缩写SCI ) 科学引文索引
Science Citation Index Expanded (缩写SCIE) 科学引文索引扩展版 Scientific notation 科学计数法 signal to noise ratio (缩写S/N)信噪比
size exclusion chromatography尺寸排除色谱法
secondary literature二次文献
solid-phase extraction (缩写SPE ) 固相萃取
solid-phase microextraction (缩写SPME ) 固相微萃取 spike 添加(v. )
standard solution标准溶液 stationary phase 固定相 stirring bar 搅拌棒
stoichiometric point化学计量点 surfactant 表面活性剂 supernatant 上清液 syringe 注射器 tap water 自来水 Teflon 聚四氟乙烯
tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃
titrant 滴定剂 titration 滴定 Ultra performance liquid chromatography (缩写UPLC) 超高效液相色谱
Ultraviolet/Visible
Spectrophotometry 紫外/可见分光光度法
vacuum 真空 vessel 容器
volumetric flask 容量瓶
volumetric analysis容量分析法 voltammetry 伏安法
II. Terms and their definitions
Accuracy 准确度 A measure of the agreement between an experimental result and its expected value.
Analysis 分析A process that provides chemical or physical information about the constituents in the sample or the sample
itself
Analyte 被测物,被分析物The constituent of interest in sample
Calibration curve 校准曲线 The result of a standardization showing graphically how a method’s signal changes with respect
to the amount of analyte.
Calibration method 校准方法The basis of quantitative analysis: magnitude of measured property is proportional to
concentration of analyte
Chromophore 生色团A functional group which absorbs a characteristic ultraviolet or visible wavelength
Gradient elution 梯度洗脱 T he process of changing the mobile phase’s solvent strength to enhance the separation of both
early and late eluting solutes.
Gravimetric analysis重量分析 A type of quantitative analysis in which the amount of a species in a material is determined by converting the species into a product that can be isolated and weighed.
Isocratic elution 等度洗脱the use of a mobile phase whose composition remains constant throughout the separation.
Matrix 基质All other constituents in a sample except for the analytes
Method blank方法空白 A sample that contains all components of the matrix except the analyte. Outlier 离群值Data point whose value is much larger or smaller than the remaining data. Precision 精密度 An indication of the reproducibility of a measurement or result
Quantitative analysis 定量分析The determination of the amount of a substance or species present in a material.
Quantitative transfer 定量转移 The process of moving a sample from one container to another in a manner that ensures all
material is transferred.
Selectivity 选择性 A measure of a method’s freedom from interferences as defined by the method’s selectivity coefficient.
Significant figures有效数字The digits in a measured quantity, including all digits known exactly and one digit (the last) whose
quantity is uncertain.
Spectrophotometry 分光光度法. An analytical method that involves how light interacts with a substance Stock solution储备液 A solution of known concentration from which other solutions are prepared.
Titration curve滴定曲线 A graph showing the progress of a titration as a function of the volume of titrant added. Validation (方法)确证,验证 The process of verifying that a procedure yields acceptable results.
Titration error滴定误差The determinate error in a titration due to the difference between the end point and the equivalence
point.
ELECTROPHORESIS III. Common knowledges
2. Types of articles published in scientific journals: 1. Some key journals in Analytical Chemistry:
Full Length Research Papers Analytical Chemistry
Rapid Communications Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Reviews Journal of Chromatography A
Journal of Chromatography B Short Communications Analyst
Discussions or Letters to the Editor
Analytica Chimica Acta
TALANTA
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry (Some journals publish all types of articles, while others are Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry devoted to only a single type.)
3. The structure of a scientific paper:
• Title
• Authors (with affiliations and addresses) • Abstract (summary) • Key words • Introduction • Experimental
• Results and discussion • Conclusion
• Acknowledgement • References
4. How to Read a Scientific Paper: Five Helpful Questions
• • • • • 1) WHY did they do this set of experiments? 2) HOW were the experiments actually done? 3) WHAT are the results?
4) WHAT can be concluded from the results? 5) Did they do everything correctly?
5. Five-step analyzing process 1) Identify and define the problem. 2) Design the experimental procedure. 3) Conduct an experiment and gather data. 4) Analyze the experimental data. 5) Report and suggestion
IV . Translation exercises
1. 用分散液 - 液微萃取法对杀菌剂的水样品中的测定(杀真菌剂)开发的。它是基于使用固化浮动滴有机结合高效液相色谱法。提取溶剂和分散溶剂,提取时间和盐效应进行了优化。在优化条件下,介于145和161的富集倍数为5毫升水样。检测限(LOD )为乙霉威的限制(乙霉威)和嘧霉胺(嘧霉胺)是0.24和0.09微克∙L - 1 ,分别。该方法具有良好的重现性和回收率高。与分散液液微萃取相比,它具有更高的富集系数,精度高,由于与该固化浮相转移,从而避免了被分析物的损失易用性。有毒溶剂由1 - 十二烷醇,其毒性低得多取代。该方法已成功地应用于自来水,湖水和河水的两种杀菌剂的决心。 2. 作为多环芳香烃( PAH )的浓度(多环芳烃)现有环境水样中都非常低,样品提取和富集过程分析之前需要。液 - 液萃取(LLE )和固相萃取(SPE )是传统的方法,以从样品基质中提取感兴趣的分析物。然而,液液萃取,不仅需要大量的有毒的有机溶剂,但它也是费时和乏味。 SPE 使用比LLE 溶剂用量少,但相对昂贵。现代趋势分析化学是朝向样品制备,以及最低限度地使用有机溶剂的简化和小型化。 2006年,分散液液微萃取( DLLME )由阿萨迪和他的同事开发的。有机溶剂和提取时间的消耗大大降低。然而,使用诸如二氯甲烷,氯仿和四氯化碳的密度高的溶剂是所有有毒。在2008年的基础上,漂浮有机液滴( DLLME -SFO )的凝固了一种新的分散液液微萃取由梁和黄进行了介绍。在该技术中所使用的萃取溶剂是低密度和低毒性的,一个典型的例子是2 - 十二烷醇(2 -DD- OH ) 。的提取物,它形成的层上的水样品的顶部,可以通过在低温下固化也被收集。该DLLME -SFO方法演示的是简单,准确,精确和环境良性的优点。它已被成功地用于提取水样许多微量物质富集。
3. 鱼匀浆提取液加了目标分析物的混合物,进行比较三级净化技术进行: (一)弗罗里硅土固相萃取(硅藻土,一种吸附剂)墨盒(1G , 6毫升墨盒) , ( b )凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC )在Agilent 1200系列高压液相色谱系统中串联有二极管阵列检测器( HPLC-DAD ),(三) SPE Oasis HLB固(200毫克, 6毫升墨盒),然后用GPC 。对于基于弗罗里硅土固相萃取的净化方法,弗罗里硅土小柱空调用5mL 己烷,然后用5毫升乙腈。提取液穿过盒和收集蒸发至干。基于所使用的GPC , 1毫升提取液在250毫升甲醇中的纯化方法,通过一个EnviroPrep , 300毫米×21.2毫米( 10毫米孔径)柱联接到PLgel 保护柱(50毫米×7.5毫米) (安捷伦获得通过技术) 。收集并蒸发至干,含有目标化合物( 13.5分钟到26.5分钟之间)的纯化馏分。最后,第三清理协议测试,鱼提取物重新溶解在250毫升的HPLC 级水和绿洲HLB 墨盒SPE 加载。 Oasis HLB固墨盒以前空调用6 mL甲醇,随后用6毫升HPLC 级水。后的样品在2毫升/分钟加载,分析物进行纯化,用6毫升甲醇中。洗脱液蒸发至1毫升的甲醇中的最终体积,然后注入GPC 进行进一步的纯化。最后的萃取物蒸发至干,重新配制用1mL 甲醇/水( 10:90,体积/体积) ,并加入50毫升含内部标准1 mg / L的混合物。
4. 一个UPLC-MS/MS系统上进行样品分析。采用Acquity UPLC 系统( Waters 公司,米尔福德, MA ,USA )是由自动进样器(设定在4℃) ,柱温箱(设定在45 ° C)和二元溶剂输送经理。甲串联质谱法被用于检测。色谱分离,实现在沃特世ACQUITY BEH C18柱( 2.1 '50mm ID , 1.7毫米,水域,爱尔兰Wexford )之前有一个BEH C18先锋预柱( 2.1 ' 5毫米ID ,1.7毫米,水域,爱尔兰Wexford ) 。等度洗脱持续1.2min 得到,流动相含有40 %甲醇和60%的0.1 %甲酸的水,并用泵在0.35mL/min 。一个典型的进样量为10毫升。该检测系统,串联四极杆质谱仪(水域的Quattro 总理XE ,微团的MS 技术,曼彻斯特,英国) ,在正离子( ESI +)模式下操作。多反应监测( MRM )模式下被选定为沙格列汀量化(沙格列汀,一种治疗糖尿病的药)和IS ,为其前体产物离子跃迁如下:沙格列汀, 316.1 179.9 ; IS , 408 234.9 。锥孔电压和碰撞能量分别为30和18 V的两种化合物。超高纯氮气和氩气分别用作去溶剂化气体( 700升/小时)和碰撞气体( 0.21mL/min ) 。是MassLynx 4.1软件是用来收集和处理数据。