一般过去时态是初中学生难以掌握的。为了帮助同学们更好地学习和掌握这种时态,在此将其用法及常用句式归纳如下:
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的动作或过去存在的状态,而且通常与表示过去时间的状语连用。例如:
I was late for class this morning. 我今天早晨上学迟到了。
He came here yesterday. 他昨天来到这里。
句中的was和came都是过去式, this morning和yesterday都是表示过去时间的状语。
动词过去式的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种方式。
1. 规则变化。多数规则动词都应依据以下四种方式变化: 1) 直接在词尾加 ed, 如: talk-talked, visit-visited, call-called。 2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,在词尾加 d, 如: like-liked, live-lived, move-moved。 3) 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i, 再加 ed, 如: study-studied, cry-cried, hurry-hurried, worry-worried。 4) 以重读闭音节结尾、末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加
ed, 如: stop-stopped, chat-chatted, shop-shopped, plan-planned, jog-jogged(慢跑)。
2. 不规则变化。不规则动词的过去式没有一定规律,需要同学们逐一加以记忆。过去式与原形相同的有put-put, let-let, cut-cut, cost-cost等;只改变其中一个元音/辅音字母的有give-gave, write-wrote, begin-began, drink-drank, build-built, spend-spent等。
通常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有: just now刚才, a week/month/year ago一周/月/年以前, last week/year/month/Sunday上一周/去年/上个月/上周日, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening昨天上午/下午/晚上。
同学们在使用一般过去时态时,还要掌握并使用不同的句式。下面仅以行为动词为例,归纳出常见的六种句式:
一、 肯定句:
A. 主语 + 不及物动词过去式 + 其他成分。例如:
They went to the zoo yesterday. 他们昨天去动物园了。
B. 主语 + 及物动词过去式 + 宾语 + 其他成分。例如:
I knew him last year. 我是去年认识他的。
二、 否定句:
A. 主语 + didn’t + 不及物动词原形 + 其他成分。例如:
They didn’t go to the zoo yesterday. 他们昨天没有去动物园。
B. 主语 + didn’t + 及物动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他成分。例如:
I didn’t know him last year. 去年我还不认识他。
三、 一般疑问句:
A. Did + 主语 + 不及物动词原形 + 其他成分?例如:
―Did they go to the zoo yesterday? 他们昨天去动物园了吗?
―Yes, they did. /No, they didn’t. 对,去了。/不,没有去。
B. Did + 主语 + 及物动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他成分?
―Did you know him last year? 去年你认识他吗?
―Yes, I did. 是的,认识。/No, I didn’t. 不,不认识。
四、 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序?例如:
―Whom did you visit last Sunday? 你上周日去看望谁了?
―My uncle. 我的叔叔。
―What did you do last Sunday? 你上周日干什么了?
―I went to the cinema. 我去看电影了。
―When did you visit your uncle? 你什么时候去看望你叔叔的?
―Yesterday. 昨天。
[温馨提示] 疑问词在句中作主语或用来修饰主语时,主语和谓语不需要倒装,即主语在前,谓语在后。例如:
―Who visited your uncle last Sunday? 上周日谁去看望你的叔叔了?
―My sister and I (did). 我和我的姐姐。
五、 选择疑问句:一般疑问句语序 + or + 选择成分?例如:
―Did they go to the zoo or to the park yesterday? 他们昨天去动物园还是去公园了?
―To the park. 去公园了。
―Did you visit your uncle or your grandma last Sunday? 上周日你是去看望叔叔还是去看望外婆?
―My uncle. 看望我的叔叔。
六、 反意疑问句:陈述句 + 简短问句?例如:
―You visited your uncle last Sunday, didn’t you? 你上周日去看望你的叔叔了,是吗?
―Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t. 是的,我去了。/不,没有,我没有去。
巩固练习
Ⅰ. 句型转换按照括号内的要求改写下列句子,每空填一词。
1. He did his homework last week. (对画线部分提问)
helast week?
2. I went to the movies on Saturday night. (改为一般疑问句)
to the movies on Saturday night?
3. He doesn’t want to do anything. (用一般过去时态改写句子)
He to do anything.
4. They went to New York last month. (对画线部分提问)
theylast month?
5. You didn’t see him last weekend. (改为反意疑问句)
You didn’t see him last weekend,?
6. Kids watched a movie. (加上stay改为选择疑问句)
kidsa movie at home?
7. They did some shopping yesterday. (对画线部分进行提问)
theyyesterday?
8. They enjoyed themselves at the party. (改为同义句)
They at the party.
9. It took me two hours to finish reading the book. (改为同义句)
Itwo hoursreading the book.
10. We visited our friends last weekend. (改为否定句)
We our friends last weekend.
Ⅱ. 汉译英根据汉语句子,完成英语句子。每空填一词。
1. 上学期他在学校吃午饭。
He at school last term.
2. 昨天晚上我没有去看电影。
Last night I .
3. ―你刚才给他打电话了吗?
―打了。
― youhim just now?
―Yes, I .
4. ―你昨天上午干什么了?
―我洗衣服了。
―you ?
―Imy clothes.
5. ―你上周末在家学习还是出去散步了?
―我在家学习了。
― youat home for a walk?
―Iat home.
6. ―昨天晚上教室里没有一个人,是吗?
―是的,一个人也没有。
― in the classroom yesterday evening, was there?
―No, there wasn’t.
7. ―你是什么时候到的?
―我刚到。
―you get here?
―Ihere a moment ago.
8. 他过去常常早起。
He get up early.
Key:
Ⅰ. 1. What did; do2. Did you go3. didn’t want4. Where did; go
5. did you6. Did; watch; or stay7. What did; do
8. had a good time9. spent; finishing10. didn’t visit
Ⅱ. 1. had lunch2. didn’t go to the cinema3. Did; call/ring; did
4. What did; do yesterday morning; washed
5. Did; study; or go; studied6. There was nobody
7. When did; came8. used to
一般过去时态是初中学生难以掌握的。为了帮助同学们更好地学习和掌握这种时态,在此将其用法及常用句式归纳如下:
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的动作或过去存在的状态,而且通常与表示过去时间的状语连用。例如:
I was late for class this morning. 我今天早晨上学迟到了。
He came here yesterday. 他昨天来到这里。
句中的was和came都是过去式, this morning和yesterday都是表示过去时间的状语。
动词过去式的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种方式。
1. 规则变化。多数规则动词都应依据以下四种方式变化: 1) 直接在词尾加 ed, 如: talk-talked, visit-visited, call-called。 2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,在词尾加 d, 如: like-liked, live-lived, move-moved。 3) 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i, 再加 ed, 如: study-studied, cry-cried, hurry-hurried, worry-worried。 4) 以重读闭音节结尾、末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加
ed, 如: stop-stopped, chat-chatted, shop-shopped, plan-planned, jog-jogged(慢跑)。
2. 不规则变化。不规则动词的过去式没有一定规律,需要同学们逐一加以记忆。过去式与原形相同的有put-put, let-let, cut-cut, cost-cost等;只改变其中一个元音/辅音字母的有give-gave, write-wrote, begin-began, drink-drank, build-built, spend-spent等。
通常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有: just now刚才, a week/month/year ago一周/月/年以前, last week/year/month/Sunday上一周/去年/上个月/上周日, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening昨天上午/下午/晚上。
同学们在使用一般过去时态时,还要掌握并使用不同的句式。下面仅以行为动词为例,归纳出常见的六种句式:
一、 肯定句:
A. 主语 + 不及物动词过去式 + 其他成分。例如:
They went to the zoo yesterday. 他们昨天去动物园了。
B. 主语 + 及物动词过去式 + 宾语 + 其他成分。例如:
I knew him last year. 我是去年认识他的。
二、 否定句:
A. 主语 + didn’t + 不及物动词原形 + 其他成分。例如:
They didn’t go to the zoo yesterday. 他们昨天没有去动物园。
B. 主语 + didn’t + 及物动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他成分。例如:
I didn’t know him last year. 去年我还不认识他。
三、 一般疑问句:
A. Did + 主语 + 不及物动词原形 + 其他成分?例如:
―Did they go to the zoo yesterday? 他们昨天去动物园了吗?
―Yes, they did. /No, they didn’t. 对,去了。/不,没有去。
B. Did + 主语 + 及物动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他成分?
―Did you know him last year? 去年你认识他吗?
―Yes, I did. 是的,认识。/No, I didn’t. 不,不认识。
四、 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序?例如:
―Whom did you visit last Sunday? 你上周日去看望谁了?
―My uncle. 我的叔叔。
―What did you do last Sunday? 你上周日干什么了?
―I went to the cinema. 我去看电影了。
―When did you visit your uncle? 你什么时候去看望你叔叔的?
―Yesterday. 昨天。
[温馨提示] 疑问词在句中作主语或用来修饰主语时,主语和谓语不需要倒装,即主语在前,谓语在后。例如:
―Who visited your uncle last Sunday? 上周日谁去看望你的叔叔了?
―My sister and I (did). 我和我的姐姐。
五、 选择疑问句:一般疑问句语序 + or + 选择成分?例如:
―Did they go to the zoo or to the park yesterday? 他们昨天去动物园还是去公园了?
―To the park. 去公园了。
―Did you visit your uncle or your grandma last Sunday? 上周日你是去看望叔叔还是去看望外婆?
―My uncle. 看望我的叔叔。
六、 反意疑问句:陈述句 + 简短问句?例如:
―You visited your uncle last Sunday, didn’t you? 你上周日去看望你的叔叔了,是吗?
―Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t. 是的,我去了。/不,没有,我没有去。
巩固练习
Ⅰ. 句型转换按照括号内的要求改写下列句子,每空填一词。
1. He did his homework last week. (对画线部分提问)
helast week?
2. I went to the movies on Saturday night. (改为一般疑问句)
to the movies on Saturday night?
3. He doesn’t want to do anything. (用一般过去时态改写句子)
He to do anything.
4. They went to New York last month. (对画线部分提问)
theylast month?
5. You didn’t see him last weekend. (改为反意疑问句)
You didn’t see him last weekend,?
6. Kids watched a movie. (加上stay改为选择疑问句)
kidsa movie at home?
7. They did some shopping yesterday. (对画线部分进行提问)
theyyesterday?
8. They enjoyed themselves at the party. (改为同义句)
They at the party.
9. It took me two hours to finish reading the book. (改为同义句)
Itwo hoursreading the book.
10. We visited our friends last weekend. (改为否定句)
We our friends last weekend.
Ⅱ. 汉译英根据汉语句子,完成英语句子。每空填一词。
1. 上学期他在学校吃午饭。
He at school last term.
2. 昨天晚上我没有去看电影。
Last night I .
3. ―你刚才给他打电话了吗?
―打了。
― youhim just now?
―Yes, I .
4. ―你昨天上午干什么了?
―我洗衣服了。
―you ?
―Imy clothes.
5. ―你上周末在家学习还是出去散步了?
―我在家学习了。
― youat home for a walk?
―Iat home.
6. ―昨天晚上教室里没有一个人,是吗?
―是的,一个人也没有。
― in the classroom yesterday evening, was there?
―No, there wasn’t.
7. ―你是什么时候到的?
―我刚到。
―you get here?
―Ihere a moment ago.
8. 他过去常常早起。
He get up early.
Key:
Ⅰ. 1. What did; do2. Did you go3. didn’t want4. Where did; go
5. did you6. Did; watch; or stay7. What did; do
8. had a good time9. spent; finishing10. didn’t visit
Ⅱ. 1. had lunch2. didn’t go to the cinema3. Did; call/ring; did
4. What did; do yesterday morning; washed
5. Did; study; or go; studied6. There was nobody
7. When did; came8. used to