浅论《名利场》两种中译本的文体
区别及相关翻译归化、异化问题
◎陆欢
(武汉生物工程学院湖北・武汉430074)
Abstract
Translationisnotonlyabranchofsocialscience,butalsoaformoflanguageart.Translationisstillavery
an
creativejob.
con‘
Andstylisticsshouldbetranslationsand
to
indispensablepartoftranslation,otherwise,itwillbecame
empty
talksthatto
improvequalitiesof
raiselevelsofthem.Atthesametime,besidesthesmooth,naturallanguageofthetranslations,doesthe
annexto
notativecultureinthemKeywords
theoriginalculturebackground,orsummittranslations
VanityFair
toit?Thatisto
say,domestication
or
foreignization
stylisticcomparison
foreignization
domestication
Foreword
VanityFairis
one
translatedliterally.Whatwas
called
stylisticsrefers
to
pat-
oftheexoticflowersinthegardenoftems,meansanddiction,etc.And
these
mustcorrespondwith
rev—
criticalrealismnovelsItwasfirstpublishedin1847inEng—
theconventionsofthetargetlanguage”111isdefinition
land.WilliamMakepeace
Thackeray,agreat
realismwriter
ealedhisviewsoftranslation.andtheanalysisof“emotion’’
andhumorist,istheauthorofthisnovel,Heappearedinthenovel
as
a
and“stylistics”inspired
us
muchtoappreciatethetransla-
greatrealist,agiantingeneralizingtheprofound
a
tions,esp.theliterarytranslationsAccordingtoMr.Wang’spointofviews,mypersonalstylisticcomparisonofthesetwotranslationsof“VanityFair”willbegiven
art,anoutstandingdescriberofdaily1ifeand
meticulous
psychologist.Hisuniquebitingsarcasmandhumorouslan-guagecastigatedtheseuglyphenomenahidingthefalsemaskmercilessly.Andwhenhecreatedhisheroine,hemadethein-teractionbetweenSurroundingsandpeopleappearedinreal-ismliteratureofthe19thcenturyforthefirsttime.Abigstepinthisfieldwastakenforwardbyhisefforts.
Becauseoftheconspicuousliterarystatusofthisbook,
(1)Asweallknown,VanityFairis
a
worksofcritical
realism.Itcriticizedtheuglinessofthedifferentstrataoftheuppersociet)7…一一aworldofEnglandintheearlydecadesofthe19thcenturywheremoneygrabbingwasthemainthingItslanguageisquitehumorousandlighthearted
Hencethe
mainmessageofitisteasingandjocularSeeingfromthis,
Yang’sEventhey
manytranslatorstranslations,Mr
translated
itintorespectivetranslationsNowtranslationandJias'bothgraspedtileoriginalmessage.
never
ithasbeenspreadoutwidelyaroundtheworld.Amongthese
Yang
a
ifthereadershave
can
readThackeray’soriginalwork.
Bi…一-one
oftheChinesemastersin
beaffe÷tedbythewriter’slivelytoneinthesetwo
a
translatingofferedacknowledged
Chinesetranslation,whichwasgenerallyexcellentone.Languagehasdualcharac—
translations.Surely,as
ary
translator,esp.translatorsoftheliter-
as
asan
works,torecreatethetargetemotion
one
thesame
a
asthe
ters…一一stabilityandvariability.Tensofyearspassed,Chinese
changed
a
source
is
one
oftheessentialqualitiesthat
translator
lot.Inthisnewage,moreandmoretranslatorsbe—
a
shouldhave.Undoubtedly,thesetwotranslationsdidn’tdisap—pointus…--thereaders
gantoretranslatetheseclassics.Now
newtranslationof
“VanityFair”fromJiaWenyuanandJiaWenhaopublishedby(2)ThisnovelisalsouniqueinwritingskillsThewriter
presented
were
us
BeijingMountainYahPressisthemostcommonone.Surely,血esetwotranslationsmustbefar疔omthesame.Whichone
isclosertotheoriginalworks?Whichonemeetsmoreneeds
ofthemodem
se
thestory
asa
storyteller.Allthethingshetold
even
us
familiarto
him,and
he’s
a
memberoftheVanity
Fair.Histonewasfreeandkind.sothatit’snaturaltointer.
sperseatest
readers?Thefollowingarticlewillanalyzethe—
fromtheangleofstylistics
onceona
commentswithnarrationAsthename
as
anothergre-
twotranslations
novelistinhisage….CharlesDickens.Thackereyma.
Throughtheirspee—
al
subject--translation.“what
Mr.WangZuoliangsaidsymposiumofaspeci—steredincreatingdistinctivecharacters
ches
wascalledemotionrefersto
andtheirpsychologicalactivities,allthecharacterswere
or
theauthor’sfeeling,literaryskills,structuresandforms,etcAllthesemustbekeptunchanged.Therefore,theymustbe
lifelike.Theyhadalltheircomplicatedcharacters…good
bad.Thetwotranslationswerenotallthesameaboutthis.be.
200
6丰第11期安徽文学
▲自耋
cause廿1etranslatorshavedifferentunderstandingtowardstheoriginal.Sotheyadopteddifferentmethodsoftranslationtodealwithit
Butat
features
oftheoriginal.First,shereplacedsomeEnglishwet—
ds-thoseextremelyforeignsentimentalwords-----・byChinesewords-..thosehavemuchnationalfeatures.Forexamples,“godfather’referstopersonwhopromiseswhenbaptizedto
see
a
thispoint,YangBididbetrerthanJia
the
WenyuanandJiaWenhao.Judgingfrom
formsoflan-
childis
guage,Yanggraspedthemexactlyandskillfully.
(3)Thewholestoryinterweavestwogirls’fates:Amelia
Sedley,daughterofdaughterof
tures
a
a
thatitisbroughtup
asa
Christian<annotation
ver—
fromOxfordAdvancedLearner’sE-CDictionary,the4th
sion>.It’sin
a
richcapitalist,andBeckySharp,
wordaboutChristian-themostinfluentialreligion
quitestrangeforChinese.ThenYang
to
poor
painter.Accordingtotheirfates,thefea-
western
world.That’s
ofmannersandcustomsinbourgeoissocietywererev—translateditinto“gancdie”一sometimesequals
adoptivefa—
ealedwithoutanyreservation.Theplotsaboutthemcame
out
ther—totallydifferentfrom“godfather“.“peerage:”meansthewholebedyofpeers,andhere“peer’’referstomalememberofoneoftheranksofnobilitysuchinBritain.TheseranksChinesepeopleare
are
as
altemately.Actually,it’sverynaturalthatthetranslators
correspondedwiththeoriginalexactly.Afterall,translationdoesnotequalinal.Ifthey
to
duke,marquis,earl,etc.
creation.Theymustbefaithfultotheorig-
can’t
allfromtheBritishroyalhierarchy.
withtheseforeignranksThere—
a
even
adapttothestructureoftheoriginal,
unfamiliar
howcantheybeNithfultotheothers?Therefore,inthispart,theybothfaithfultotheoriginal.
Literatureisquitemeaningfulsymbolsofexpression,
fore.Yangtranslateditinto
conventionalChineseword
'‘jinshenlu”一a
lation.
listofthegovernmentofficials.Judgingfrom
YangFu's“faithfulness”.thesecan’tbeconsideredgoodtrans—
Second,Yanginheritedthewritingskillsofatypeoftra—
ditionalChinesenovel.witheachchapterheadedby
a
andthisexpressionisbom
to
belimitedbylanguage.Ifwe
noticedthedifferencesofpowerofexpressionbetweendiffer-
ent
languages,then
a
conclusioncouldbedrawn:literarywor-
couplet
kscreatedindifferentlanguagesareallrestrictedtotheformsoftheirrespectivelanguage.Anditwas
givingthegistofitscontent,insomeaspects.Especiallywhenshe
justthatusuallyneg-
wrotethespeeches,she
broketheoriginalstructureoflan-beengiveninthe
lectedbywriterswhomasteredintheircreatinglanguages.guage.Theseexampleshave
never
formeranalysis
Whentheseworksmetwiththetranslators,theseknotty
trictionsof
res・ex=
ofherstylistictranslation.However,theChinesereaderwill
fmdthischangewithoutreadingtheoriginal.Because
a
formsofdifferent
languageswerethoroughly
posed.Literaryversionisquitedifferentfromother
normal
suchwent
structureisquitefitfurthetraditionalChinese,Yang
inhertranslationasmuch
a
as
versions.Itisconstructedbyliterarylanguage.Boththevari-abilityofexpressionandtheflavorrevealedfromphrasesparagraphs,passagesormanyotherscopes,producedanartis-ticdistinction,whichcouldalmostovercomelanguageitself
throuIghwithdomestication
possible.Still,Ihadtosaysuchoftheoriginalworks.
changedamagedthemood
Third,YangBiusuallychanged
the
originalstructureof
Translationjust
deals
withthetrans-culturalcommunica-
tllesentences.AUtheseweredoneforthepreciseandinflu-
ence
tion.Surely,oneculturealwaysregardstheotherculturesthatstandoutofitsownculturalsystem
as
ofChinese.Suchasthesentence,“Notthattheparting
differentcultures.On
speechcausedAmeliatophilosophize,orthatisarmedherin
conditionofthisregister,translationobviouslygotmeansofthealieninformation
were
so
anywaywithcalmness,theresultofargument;butitwasin・
tolerablydull,pompous,andtedious;…”Here,thetwoclaus-
es
astodefineitsownculture.They
bothaboutthetransplantofculturalelementsintransla—
istosay,whenthereadersofthetranslationshave
beforethesemicolonshould
bejuxtaposedin
even
structureBut
tion.That
Yangmadethembecame
cause
andeffect.Theydisordered
suchrecreationsleftout
differentcultural
backgroundfromthoseoforiginals,howtotheoriginalorderliness,and
deal、历tIltheculturalproblemappearedintranslation?Thisinevitableproblem
appearedinthosetwotranslationswe
us
somethingoftheoriginalmeaning.
(2)Foreignizationis,just
source
oppositetodomestication,
compared,too.Andthiscanhelpexplainwhythesenew
translationscame
outto
challengetheauthorized.
languageculture—oriented.Itdeclaredthattranslationis
amethodofculturecommunication;therefore,thetranslators
shouldletthereadersunderstandmoreforeignculturesandmoreforeigncustomsAndusuallythat'swhythereadersreadthetranslations.Comparatively,Jias’translationpaidmoreat-tentiontothismleoftranslation.Theydealtwithsomespecialwords,thestructuresofsentencesandthewholestructureall—closertotheoriginal.Withoutknowingthebackgroundofthisbook,peoplemayregarditwaswrittenby
Here
a
(1)Domesticationistargetlanguageculture-oriented.Its
surfaceexpressionisthattheoriginalcontentsareshownbyextremelysmooth,naturaltargetlanguage.Butunderthe
coveL
source
thecultureoftargetlanguage“annexed”thecultureof
languagefromdifferentlevels.Manytranslationsofin-
a
dividualcharactershavesuch
Yang’stranslationis
a
commonspecialty.
one
typical
ofthesetranslations,thespecialcultural
modem
us
writer
thou【ghshealsopaidattentiontodeal
withwehavean
example…“sandwiches”.Formodempe.
200
6年第11期安徽文学
臼遂
▲
ople,this
wordisnotverystrange.Theyaretwo
or
moreslices
emerged
one
afteranotherrightunderthisleadingtendency.
ofbreadwithmeat,cheese,etc.between-..akindoftypicalBesidestheshortagesofJias’translation,atleastthey
are
more
westernfood.Nowadays,we
can
knowthiswordthroughitsadvancedthan
Yang
inthispoint.
translation.Yangadopted
fleetranslationtodealwiththis
(4)Today,asmodernreaders,weshouldhaveourownat—
word.Obviously,such
a
translationhasMreadybeenoutdated.
titudestowardsforeignizationanddomestication.Actually,
Yet,Yangdidliteraltranslation,too.Justliketheleaerappear-foreignizationanddomesticationhavetheirrespectiveworthyedinthefirstchapter,MissPinkertonwrotetoMrs.Sedley,ofexistenceandusage.Theyservedfordifirerentaimsof
Yangdidn’tchangetheformofletter,althoughit’squitediffer-
translationanddifferent
types
ofreaders.Andthey
arefitfor
ent
fromChinese
form.
differentwriters’intentionanddifferentcharactersofthetexts(3)Actually,foreignizationanddomestication
arecorre-
Lookingatthisproblemdialectically,theycomplementeachspondingwiⅡlliteraltranslationandfreetranslationto
a
great
otherand
never
contradict.
extent.Foreignizationandliteraltranslationbothpaymoreat-First.thereisnotanytranslationcompletelyrelies
on
tentiontothe
source
language,whiledomesticationandfree
only
foreignization
or
only
domestication.Justbecausethe
translationcareabouttargetlanguagemore.Andthewordingstranslators。attitudestotranslationwerenotallthesame,they
of“foreignization”and“domestication”werecarried
out
1n
obeyed
a
certaindisciplineandadapted
acertainmethods
“TheTranslator’sInvisibility”forthefirsttimein1995.Aboutconsciously
or
unconsciously.Therefore,theirtranslations
foreignizationanddomestication,Chinesecirclesoftransla-presentedcertaintendencies.However,it。simpossiblefortionhavehaddiscussionsforseveraltimes.Chinesehistoryof
thetranslatorsdealwiththetranslationobeyingone
rule
translationhasbeendividedintotwoperiods;oneistending
fromthetoptotheend.Then,inconsideringofthewriter’s
to
domestication,andtheotheristending
to
foreignization.
intention
or
thecharactersoftheversion,wemustobeydif-
Witlltheexpectationofthefifteenor
sixteenyearsfollowing
ferentdisciplinesandadapteddifferentmethods.AtthetheMay4Movement,thefirstperioddidn’tlastuntilthe80ssametime.1evelsofthereadersandtheirneedsmustbe
con-
ofthe20thcentury.Inthisperiod,thetranslationswerechar.sidered,tOO.Generallyspeaking,thecommonreaderswouldacterizedbythedominationofstrategiesofdomestication.Iikethedomesticationtranslation.it'Seasytounderstand;theSuch
as
ManDun,FuLei,QianZhongshuetc.thesewell-
readerswhowanttoknowmoreabouttheforeignculture
knownliterarymastersallagreed
on
thetranslationanditsandcustoms,such
as
thestudentswho
are
learningEnglish,
originalshouldbealikeinspiritinthatpenod.Directedbythiswouldliketheforeignizationtranslation.
theory,afterconstructionofPRC,manyliterarytranslatorsBut
still,inthisnewage,Ithinkforeignizationshouldbe
aimedat“artisticcreativetranslation”.YangBiIsversionofputbeforedomestication.Thefundamental
taskoflranslationis
“vanityfair”wasthemostpopulartranslationinthisperiod.toconvey
thoughtsandstyleoftheoriginalexactlyandcomple—
Andit'stheimmediate
cause
thatwhyYangBitranslatedthistely.Thenforeignizationistheleadingsideofthisproblem,andnovel
followingdominmionofdomestication.Otherindirec.
domesticationshouldsubordinatetoforeignization.Thatwilltive
reasons
are:(a)Influencedbythelonglastingfeudal
an-bethemostsuitableruleoftranslationinnearfuture.
tocracy,theleadingthoughtswerenotopenenoughandthe
re-
Conclusion
aders’acceptanceofthelanguagewaslimited.(b)Chinesehis—
Myintentionofpresentcomparisonbetweenthesetwo
toryofliterarytranslationiscomparativelyshort,notverymu・
translationsisnotonlytopointoutwhereisnotgood
or
where
tIlal.(c)Seldomtranslatorsnoticedthetheoriesandrulesofisexcellent.butthemoreimportantisto1camhowtotranslatetranslation,andtheylackedofadvancedleadingtheory.
theseliteraryworksfromappreciationofothers’translations.Inspiredbythewesterntheoriesoftranslation,Chinese
Andtheanalysisofthemaindirectivetheoryoftranslationtranslatorsbeganto
care
moreaboutforeignizationinthelastwouldhelp
us
knowaboutChinesehistoryoftranslation
20yearsofthe20thcentury.AndChineseliterarytranslationFromthese,wecangetlessonsfromthedisadvantagesofthemthe21stcenturywillbetendingtoforeignizationfurther.
pastandimprovethepresenttobebetterinthefuture.That’s
And
thekeypointwillbereproducingthoseforeignelements
meaningofwhywedidthis.
oftheoriginalasmuch
as
possible.Theseelementsinclude
foreignculturefeatures.foreignformalfeaturesandtheanth.
Bibliography:
【l】贾文浩,贾文渊译名利场.北京燕山出版社,20011
or’s
unusual
writingtechniques.Wimthe
increasingfrequency
【2】杨必译名利场北京:人民文学出版社,1982
oftheintemationaltrans-culturecommunication.peopleall
【3】刘必庆著.文体和翻译中国对外翻译出版社over
theworldhavemorechancesto
know
otherforeigncul.
【4】谢天振著.译介学上海外语教育出版社.
tures.Thiswillbereflectedintheliteraryworks.Undoubted-【5】孙札致中国的文学翻译从归化趋向异化中国翻译02年1月lv.thenewtranslationsofthose
well-known
works
23卷.
literary200
6年第11期安徽文学
浅论《名利场》两种中译本的文体
区别及相关翻译归化、异化问题
◎陆欢
(武汉生物工程学院湖北・武汉430074)
Abstract
Translationisnotonlyabranchofsocialscience,butalsoaformoflanguageart.Translationisstillavery
an
creativejob.
con‘
Andstylisticsshouldbetranslationsand
to
indispensablepartoftranslation,otherwise,itwillbecame
empty
talksthatto
improvequalitiesof
raiselevelsofthem.Atthesametime,besidesthesmooth,naturallanguageofthetranslations,doesthe
annexto
notativecultureinthemKeywords
theoriginalculturebackground,orsummittranslations
VanityFair
toit?Thatisto
say,domestication
or
foreignization
stylisticcomparison
foreignization
domestication
Foreword
VanityFairis
one
translatedliterally.Whatwas
called
stylisticsrefers
to
pat-
oftheexoticflowersinthegardenoftems,meansanddiction,etc.And
these
mustcorrespondwith
rev—
criticalrealismnovelsItwasfirstpublishedin1847inEng—
theconventionsofthetargetlanguage”111isdefinition
land.WilliamMakepeace
Thackeray,agreat
realismwriter
ealedhisviewsoftranslation.andtheanalysisof“emotion’’
andhumorist,istheauthorofthisnovel,Heappearedinthenovel
as
a
and“stylistics”inspired
us
muchtoappreciatethetransla-
greatrealist,agiantingeneralizingtheprofound
a
tions,esp.theliterarytranslationsAccordingtoMr.Wang’spointofviews,mypersonalstylisticcomparisonofthesetwotranslationsof“VanityFair”willbegiven
art,anoutstandingdescriberofdaily1ifeand
meticulous
psychologist.Hisuniquebitingsarcasmandhumorouslan-guagecastigatedtheseuglyphenomenahidingthefalsemaskmercilessly.Andwhenhecreatedhisheroine,hemadethein-teractionbetweenSurroundingsandpeopleappearedinreal-ismliteratureofthe19thcenturyforthefirsttime.Abigstepinthisfieldwastakenforwardbyhisefforts.
Becauseoftheconspicuousliterarystatusofthisbook,
(1)Asweallknown,VanityFairis
a
worksofcritical
realism.Itcriticizedtheuglinessofthedifferentstrataoftheuppersociet)7…一一aworldofEnglandintheearlydecadesofthe19thcenturywheremoneygrabbingwasthemainthingItslanguageisquitehumorousandlighthearted
Hencethe
mainmessageofitisteasingandjocularSeeingfromthis,
Yang’sEventhey
manytranslatorstranslations,Mr
translated
itintorespectivetranslationsNowtranslationandJias'bothgraspedtileoriginalmessage.
never
ithasbeenspreadoutwidelyaroundtheworld.Amongthese
Yang
a
ifthereadershave
can
readThackeray’soriginalwork.
Bi…一-one
oftheChinesemastersin
beaffe÷tedbythewriter’slivelytoneinthesetwo
a
translatingofferedacknowledged
Chinesetranslation,whichwasgenerallyexcellentone.Languagehasdualcharac—
translations.Surely,as
ary
translator,esp.translatorsoftheliter-
as
asan
works,torecreatethetargetemotion
one
thesame
a
asthe
ters…一一stabilityandvariability.Tensofyearspassed,Chinese
changed
a
source
is
one
oftheessentialqualitiesthat
translator
lot.Inthisnewage,moreandmoretranslatorsbe—
a
shouldhave.Undoubtedly,thesetwotranslationsdidn’tdisap—pointus…--thereaders
gantoretranslatetheseclassics.Now
newtranslationof
“VanityFair”fromJiaWenyuanandJiaWenhaopublishedby(2)ThisnovelisalsouniqueinwritingskillsThewriter
presented
were
us
BeijingMountainYahPressisthemostcommonone.Surely,血esetwotranslationsmustbefar疔omthesame.Whichone
isclosertotheoriginalworks?Whichonemeetsmoreneeds
ofthemodem
se
thestory
asa
storyteller.Allthethingshetold
even
us
familiarto
him,and
he’s
a
memberoftheVanity
Fair.Histonewasfreeandkind.sothatit’snaturaltointer.
sperseatest
readers?Thefollowingarticlewillanalyzethe—
fromtheangleofstylistics
onceona
commentswithnarrationAsthename
as
anothergre-
twotranslations
novelistinhisage….CharlesDickens.Thackereyma.
Throughtheirspee—
al
subject--translation.“what
Mr.WangZuoliangsaidsymposiumofaspeci—steredincreatingdistinctivecharacters
ches
wascalledemotionrefersto
andtheirpsychologicalactivities,allthecharacterswere
or
theauthor’sfeeling,literaryskills,structuresandforms,etcAllthesemustbekeptunchanged.Therefore,theymustbe
lifelike.Theyhadalltheircomplicatedcharacters…good
bad.Thetwotranslationswerenotallthesameaboutthis.be.
200
6丰第11期安徽文学
▲自耋
cause廿1etranslatorshavedifferentunderstandingtowardstheoriginal.Sotheyadopteddifferentmethodsoftranslationtodealwithit
Butat
features
oftheoriginal.First,shereplacedsomeEnglishwet—
ds-thoseextremelyforeignsentimentalwords-----・byChinesewords-..thosehavemuchnationalfeatures.Forexamples,“godfather’referstopersonwhopromiseswhenbaptizedto
see
a
thispoint,YangBididbetrerthanJia
the
WenyuanandJiaWenhao.Judgingfrom
formsoflan-
childis
guage,Yanggraspedthemexactlyandskillfully.
(3)Thewholestoryinterweavestwogirls’fates:Amelia
Sedley,daughterofdaughterof
tures
a
a
thatitisbroughtup
asa
Christian<annotation
ver—
fromOxfordAdvancedLearner’sE-CDictionary,the4th
sion>.It’sin
a
richcapitalist,andBeckySharp,
wordaboutChristian-themostinfluentialreligion
quitestrangeforChinese.ThenYang
to
poor
painter.Accordingtotheirfates,thefea-
western
world.That’s
ofmannersandcustomsinbourgeoissocietywererev—translateditinto“gancdie”一sometimesequals
adoptivefa—
ealedwithoutanyreservation.Theplotsaboutthemcame
out
ther—totallydifferentfrom“godfather“.“peerage:”meansthewholebedyofpeers,andhere“peer’’referstomalememberofoneoftheranksofnobilitysuchinBritain.TheseranksChinesepeopleare
are
as
altemately.Actually,it’sverynaturalthatthetranslators
correspondedwiththeoriginalexactly.Afterall,translationdoesnotequalinal.Ifthey
to
duke,marquis,earl,etc.
creation.Theymustbefaithfultotheorig-
can’t
allfromtheBritishroyalhierarchy.
withtheseforeignranksThere—
a
even
adapttothestructureoftheoriginal,
unfamiliar
howcantheybeNithfultotheothers?Therefore,inthispart,theybothfaithfultotheoriginal.
Literatureisquitemeaningfulsymbolsofexpression,
fore.Yangtranslateditinto
conventionalChineseword
'‘jinshenlu”一a
lation.
listofthegovernmentofficials.Judgingfrom
YangFu's“faithfulness”.thesecan’tbeconsideredgoodtrans—
Second,Yanginheritedthewritingskillsofatypeoftra—
ditionalChinesenovel.witheachchapterheadedby
a
andthisexpressionisbom
to
belimitedbylanguage.Ifwe
noticedthedifferencesofpowerofexpressionbetweendiffer-
ent
languages,then
a
conclusioncouldbedrawn:literarywor-
couplet
kscreatedindifferentlanguagesareallrestrictedtotheformsoftheirrespectivelanguage.Anditwas
givingthegistofitscontent,insomeaspects.Especiallywhenshe
justthatusuallyneg-
wrotethespeeches,she
broketheoriginalstructureoflan-beengiveninthe
lectedbywriterswhomasteredintheircreatinglanguages.guage.Theseexampleshave
never
formeranalysis
Whentheseworksmetwiththetranslators,theseknotty
trictionsof
res・ex=
ofherstylistictranslation.However,theChinesereaderwill
fmdthischangewithoutreadingtheoriginal.Because
a
formsofdifferent
languageswerethoroughly
posed.Literaryversionisquitedifferentfromother
normal
suchwent
structureisquitefitfurthetraditionalChinese,Yang
inhertranslationasmuch
a
as
versions.Itisconstructedbyliterarylanguage.Boththevari-abilityofexpressionandtheflavorrevealedfromphrasesparagraphs,passagesormanyotherscopes,producedanartis-ticdistinction,whichcouldalmostovercomelanguageitself
throuIghwithdomestication
possible.Still,Ihadtosaysuchoftheoriginalworks.
changedamagedthemood
Third,YangBiusuallychanged
the
originalstructureof
Translationjust
deals
withthetrans-culturalcommunica-
tllesentences.AUtheseweredoneforthepreciseandinflu-
ence
tion.Surely,oneculturealwaysregardstheotherculturesthatstandoutofitsownculturalsystem
as
ofChinese.Suchasthesentence,“Notthattheparting
differentcultures.On
speechcausedAmeliatophilosophize,orthatisarmedherin
conditionofthisregister,translationobviouslygotmeansofthealieninformation
were
so
anywaywithcalmness,theresultofargument;butitwasin・
tolerablydull,pompous,andtedious;…”Here,thetwoclaus-
es
astodefineitsownculture.They
bothaboutthetransplantofculturalelementsintransla—
istosay,whenthereadersofthetranslationshave
beforethesemicolonshould
bejuxtaposedin
even
structureBut
tion.That
Yangmadethembecame
cause
andeffect.Theydisordered
suchrecreationsleftout
differentcultural
backgroundfromthoseoforiginals,howtotheoriginalorderliness,and
deal、历tIltheculturalproblemappearedintranslation?Thisinevitableproblem
appearedinthosetwotranslationswe
us
somethingoftheoriginalmeaning.
(2)Foreignizationis,just
source
oppositetodomestication,
compared,too.Andthiscanhelpexplainwhythesenew
translationscame
outto
challengetheauthorized.
languageculture—oriented.Itdeclaredthattranslationis
amethodofculturecommunication;therefore,thetranslators
shouldletthereadersunderstandmoreforeignculturesandmoreforeigncustomsAndusuallythat'swhythereadersreadthetranslations.Comparatively,Jias’translationpaidmoreat-tentiontothismleoftranslation.Theydealtwithsomespecialwords,thestructuresofsentencesandthewholestructureall—closertotheoriginal.Withoutknowingthebackgroundofthisbook,peoplemayregarditwaswrittenby
Here
a
(1)Domesticationistargetlanguageculture-oriented.Its
surfaceexpressionisthattheoriginalcontentsareshownbyextremelysmooth,naturaltargetlanguage.Butunderthe
coveL
source
thecultureoftargetlanguage“annexed”thecultureof
languagefromdifferentlevels.Manytranslationsofin-
a
dividualcharactershavesuch
Yang’stranslationis
a
commonspecialty.
one
typical
ofthesetranslations,thespecialcultural
modem
us
writer
thou【ghshealsopaidattentiontodeal
withwehavean
example…“sandwiches”.Formodempe.
200
6年第11期安徽文学
臼遂
▲
ople,this
wordisnotverystrange.Theyaretwo
or
moreslices
emerged
one
afteranotherrightunderthisleadingtendency.
ofbreadwithmeat,cheese,etc.between-..akindoftypicalBesidestheshortagesofJias’translation,atleastthey
are
more
westernfood.Nowadays,we
can
knowthiswordthroughitsadvancedthan
Yang
inthispoint.
translation.Yangadopted
fleetranslationtodealwiththis
(4)Today,asmodernreaders,weshouldhaveourownat—
word.Obviously,such
a
translationhasMreadybeenoutdated.
titudestowardsforeignizationanddomestication.Actually,
Yet,Yangdidliteraltranslation,too.Justliketheleaerappear-foreignizationanddomesticationhavetheirrespectiveworthyedinthefirstchapter,MissPinkertonwrotetoMrs.Sedley,ofexistenceandusage.Theyservedfordifirerentaimsof
Yangdidn’tchangetheformofletter,althoughit’squitediffer-
translationanddifferent
types
ofreaders.Andthey
arefitfor
ent
fromChinese
form.
differentwriters’intentionanddifferentcharactersofthetexts(3)Actually,foreignizationanddomestication
arecorre-
Lookingatthisproblemdialectically,theycomplementeachspondingwiⅡlliteraltranslationandfreetranslationto
a
great
otherand
never
contradict.
extent.Foreignizationandliteraltranslationbothpaymoreat-First.thereisnotanytranslationcompletelyrelies
on
tentiontothe
source
language,whiledomesticationandfree
only
foreignization
or
only
domestication.Justbecausethe
translationcareabouttargetlanguagemore.Andthewordingstranslators。attitudestotranslationwerenotallthesame,they
of“foreignization”and“domestication”werecarried
out
1n
obeyed
a
certaindisciplineandadapted
acertainmethods
“TheTranslator’sInvisibility”forthefirsttimein1995.Aboutconsciously
or
unconsciously.Therefore,theirtranslations
foreignizationanddomestication,Chinesecirclesoftransla-presentedcertaintendencies.However,it。simpossiblefortionhavehaddiscussionsforseveraltimes.Chinesehistoryof
thetranslatorsdealwiththetranslationobeyingone
rule
translationhasbeendividedintotwoperiods;oneistending
fromthetoptotheend.Then,inconsideringofthewriter’s
to
domestication,andtheotheristending
to
foreignization.
intention
or
thecharactersoftheversion,wemustobeydif-
Witlltheexpectationofthefifteenor
sixteenyearsfollowing
ferentdisciplinesandadapteddifferentmethods.AtthetheMay4Movement,thefirstperioddidn’tlastuntilthe80ssametime.1evelsofthereadersandtheirneedsmustbe
con-
ofthe20thcentury.Inthisperiod,thetranslationswerechar.sidered,tOO.Generallyspeaking,thecommonreaderswouldacterizedbythedominationofstrategiesofdomestication.Iikethedomesticationtranslation.it'Seasytounderstand;theSuch
as
ManDun,FuLei,QianZhongshuetc.thesewell-
readerswhowanttoknowmoreabouttheforeignculture
knownliterarymastersallagreed
on
thetranslationanditsandcustoms,such
as
thestudentswho
are
learningEnglish,
originalshouldbealikeinspiritinthatpenod.Directedbythiswouldliketheforeignizationtranslation.
theory,afterconstructionofPRC,manyliterarytranslatorsBut
still,inthisnewage,Ithinkforeignizationshouldbe
aimedat“artisticcreativetranslation”.YangBiIsversionofputbeforedomestication.Thefundamental
taskoflranslationis
“vanityfair”wasthemostpopulartranslationinthisperiod.toconvey
thoughtsandstyleoftheoriginalexactlyandcomple—
Andit'stheimmediate
cause
thatwhyYangBitranslatedthistely.Thenforeignizationistheleadingsideofthisproblem,andnovel
followingdominmionofdomestication.Otherindirec.
domesticationshouldsubordinatetoforeignization.Thatwilltive
reasons
are:(a)Influencedbythelonglastingfeudal
an-bethemostsuitableruleoftranslationinnearfuture.
tocracy,theleadingthoughtswerenotopenenoughandthe
re-
Conclusion
aders’acceptanceofthelanguagewaslimited.(b)Chinesehis—
Myintentionofpresentcomparisonbetweenthesetwo
toryofliterarytranslationiscomparativelyshort,notverymu・
translationsisnotonlytopointoutwhereisnotgood
or
where
tIlal.(c)Seldomtranslatorsnoticedthetheoriesandrulesofisexcellent.butthemoreimportantisto1camhowtotranslatetranslation,andtheylackedofadvancedleadingtheory.
theseliteraryworksfromappreciationofothers’translations.Inspiredbythewesterntheoriesoftranslation,Chinese
Andtheanalysisofthemaindirectivetheoryoftranslationtranslatorsbeganto
care
moreaboutforeignizationinthelastwouldhelp
us
knowaboutChinesehistoryoftranslation
20yearsofthe20thcentury.AndChineseliterarytranslationFromthese,wecangetlessonsfromthedisadvantagesofthemthe21stcenturywillbetendingtoforeignizationfurther.
pastandimprovethepresenttobebetterinthefuture.That’s
And
thekeypointwillbereproducingthoseforeignelements
meaningofwhywedidthis.
oftheoriginalasmuch
as
possible.Theseelementsinclude
foreignculturefeatures.foreignformalfeaturesandtheanth.
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【l】贾文浩,贾文渊译名利场.北京燕山出版社,20011
or’s
unusual
writingtechniques.Wimthe
increasingfrequency
【2】杨必译名利场北京:人民文学出版社,1982
oftheintemationaltrans-culturecommunication.peopleall
【3】刘必庆著.文体和翻译中国对外翻译出版社over
theworldhavemorechancesto
know
otherforeigncul.
【4】谢天振著.译介学上海外语教育出版社.
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6年第11期安徽文学