课
题
主谓一致、 主谓一致、倒装句
学习目标 学习目标
掌握中考英语语法-主谓一致、 掌握中考英语语法 主谓一致、倒装句 主谓一致
考点及考试要求
主谓一致、 主谓一致、倒装句
教学内容 【知识框架图】
主谓一致
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近原则
倒装句
so, neither 起首句
there be, here be 起首句
【知识点回顾】 难度系数： C
主谓一致
Robert 1
语法一致原则 主谓在语法上的一致即指谓语动词与主语的单复数形式上保持一致。 一、若句子中主语插入部分，谓语动词与主语保持一致。 主语+ with/as well as/ without/ including/ besides/ except/ not/ together with 作插入语时，谓语动词 要与主语一致 而与插入部分无关。 All the students, including Miss Chen, are going to the party. 二、each 用作代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 Each of the children has an orange. 三、every, each, one, another, little, a little, much 加单数名词构成句子，谓语动词要用单数形式；both, few, a few, many 加复数名词构成的句子，谓语动词要用复数形式。 Each boy has an apple. Both girls are beauty. 四、neither+复数名词，或 neither of +复数名词 在句子中作主语时，谓语用单数。 Neither answers is right. Neither of the twins likes bread. 五、动词 ing 形式、动词不定式或从句在句中作主语时，谓语用单数。 To do much more difficult than to say.
意义一致原则 主语和谓语在意义上的一致指根据句子意思主语的人称和数应是单数还是复数，从而谓语动词应与其保持一致。 一、若一个句子的主语是单数，则谓语用单数。 She comes here once a week. 二、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数；以 S 结尾的名词， 如 news, works, maths, plastics 及以 ics 结尾的学科名称名词 physics, politics 等作主语时，谓语也用单 数。 I don’t the news in the newspaper is true. Three years has passed quickly. 三、people 一词在表示人 的意思时总是表示复数，没有单数。 Look! 3 people are standing under the tree. 四、everyone, everybody, nobody, somebody, anything, nothing, something 等 不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。 Everything begins to grow fast in spring. 五、一些词如 lots of, plenty of, a lot of 加不可数名词，谓语用单数；a great deal of , a large amount of 只 能加不可数名词，谓语用单数。 A lot of money has spent for the clothes. A lot of students are going to the part.
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六、修饰语 more than one + 单数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式。 More than one year has passed.
就近原则 即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。 一、there be 结构：当 there be + 单数名词时，
谓语动词 be 为单数形式；当 there be + 复数形式，谓语用复数。 There is a pen and two apples on the desk. There are two apples and one pen on the desk. 二、当主语出现 or, either or.., neither nor, not only but also 时，谓语动词要根据就近原则与离谓语最近的 主语保持一致。 Neither you nor I am a student now. Not only they but also I like the suit. One or Two days are more than enough.
倒装句
一、so, neither 起首的倒装句 表示前面所说明的情况也适用于说明另一个人或另一种情况时，常用 so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词+主语 的结构 表示。该结构的动词形式与前句谓语的时态形式一致。如果前面所说明的情况是否定意义，再说明另一个人或另一 种情况时，要用 nether / nor + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词 +主语 结构表示。 但是，以 so 起首的句子，如果只是重复前面一句话的意思，表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，强调情况确实如此， 则词序不能倒装。 二、There be 或 Here be 结构引导的倒装句，一定要考虑到就近原则，来确定 is 或 are.
易混易错点
一、同 and 连接 2 个表示同一物体的名词时用单数；不同物体的名词用单数。 Bread and butter is a common food. Lucy and Lily are my friends. 二、the + 姓氏名词复数表示 某人的一家，或夫妇，当其在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。 The Whites enjoy working in China. 三、family, class, police, team 等词在句中作主语时，当它们表示整体概念时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。而 表示其中各位成员时用复数。 His family is moving next month. His family enjoy watching football match.
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四、The number of + 复数名词 作主语表示…的数量 谓语动词用单数 但是 a number of +复名 表示许多，谓语用复 数。 The number of students is 40. A number of monkeys are coming to the zoo soon. 五、what 从句作主语，如果表示的是单数意义，谓语动词用单数；如果表示的复数意义，则谓语动词用复数。 What he wants to know is how the machine works. What kinds of lives are more welcome in the public? 六、so + 谓语 + 主语 与 so + 主语+ 谓语 的区别。 在倒装句中， so + 谓语+ 主语+ 表示 某人物也是这样； so + 主语+ 谓语 表示某人确实如此，是对第一句话的 进一步肯定，前面两句话的主语是同一个。 - Tom is an American. - So he is . 的确如此。
【课堂练习】 1.（2010·黄冈中考）—David has been away for more than 25 days. --I miss him very much.You know ,25 days _______short. A.is 【解析】选 A 2.（2010·十堰中考）Climbing hills _________of great help to our health. A.was 【解析】选 C 3. （2010·宁夏中考）--- Have you got some water to drink? --- Here you are. There _______ still some in the bottle. A. are B. has C. is D. have B.were C.is D.are B
.isn’t C.are D.aren’t
【解析】选 C 4. （2010·北京中考）The reading room _____ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. A. am 【解析】选 B 5.（2010·滨州中考）33. A. is 【解析】选 A 6.（2010·巴中中考）In our school libray, there____ a number of books on science and the number of them_____ growing larger
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B. is
C. are
D. be
How time flies! Three years C. was
____________ really a short time. D. were
B. are
and larger. A. is; are 【解析】选 B 8. (2009·宁夏中考) The woman behind the girls ________ a famous actress. A. is 【解析】选 A 9. (2009·河北中考) The news ________ very interesting! Tell me more! A. is 【解析】选 A 10. – How many teachers are there in your school? -- About 150. One third of them ____ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is 11. When and where to go for the holiday ____ yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided 12. How time flies! Three years ____ really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. – Do you know ____ the population of Yunnan____? -- Yes. It’s about forty-three million. A. how many; is B. what; is C. how much; is D. what; are 14. Your trousers ____ dirty, you must have ____ washed. A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it 15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smith’s ____ tired of having one examination. A. is B. are C. was D. were B. are C. were D. was B. are C. have D. has B. are; is C. have; is
【真题剖析】 1. (2009·德州中考) Either Eve or Herb ________ been invited by Lucy’s parents already. A. have B. has C. was D. were
【解析】选 B。either … or …连接主语时，谓语动词与 or 后面的名词或代词保持一致。由关键词 Herb 可知用谓语动词 单数形式，先排除 A、D 二项；另由 been invited 可知这里是现在完成时的被动语态，故舍 D 选 B。 2. (2009·新疆中考) –What do you think of what she did? -What she did still ________ us feel very sad now. A. makes 【解析】选 A 3. (2009·深圳中考) -Which would you like, tea or coffee?
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B. make
C. is making
D. is made
-Either _______ OK, but I prefer coffee ________ milk. A. is; has B. are; with C. is; with D. are; has
【解析】选 C。either 是不定代词，做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式，先排除 B、D；另结合题中的谓语动词 prefer 可舍 A 选 C。 4. (2009·宿迁中考) –What ________ the number of the students in your school? –About two thousand. A number of them _________ A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is from England. D. are; are
【解析】选 A。the number of…意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；而 a number of 意为“许多”，作主语 时谓语动词用复数形式。 由关键信息 the number of 和 a number of 可知第一个空用单数，第二个空用复数，故正确答案为 A。 5. (2009·广东中考) Everyone except Tom and John ____
____ seen the film. A. is B. has C. are D. have
【解析】选 B。everyone 在句中做主语，而 except Tom and John 是介词短语，作 everyone 的后置定语，所以谓语动词要 用单数形式，先排除 C、D 二项；另结合关键词 seen 可知这里是现在完成时，故舍 A 选 B。 6. (2008·泸州中考) My name ________ Lucy. May I know your name? A. am B. is C. are
【解析】选 B。my name 做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 7. (2008·茂名中考) Some of my classmates _________ from other cities. A. comes B. is C. are
【解析】选 C。因为 classmates 是复数名词，所以谓语动词要用复数形式。故本题选 C。 8. (2008·鸡西中考) –A number of students ________ in the dinning hall. -Let me count. The number of the students ________ about 400. A. are; is 【解析】选 A 9. (2008·攀枝花中考)Swimming in the pool with friends _________ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are B. is; are C. are; are
【解析】选 C。Swimming in the pool with friends 是动名词短语，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 10. (2008·漳州中考) –What’s on the table? -________ some bread on it. A. There is B. There are C. We are D. They are
【解析】选 A。考查 there be 结构的主谓一致。题中的 some bread 是不可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故
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选 A。 11. (2008·烟台中考) The number of _________ in our class______ fifty. A. student; is C. the students; is 【解析】选 C 12. (2008·宿迁中考) -Are you worried when your son often plays computer games? -Yes. I think playing computer games _________ on teenagers. A. have a good effect C. has a bad effect B. has a good effect D. have a bad effect B. the students; are D. students; are
【解析】选 C。动名词短语 playing computer games 做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，先排除 A、D 二项；另结合题 意“我认为打电脑游戏对青少年有坏影响”可舍 B 选 C。 13. (2008·南通中考) Now the students each _________ an English-Chinese dictionary. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having
【解析】选 B。the students each 强调的是整体，先排除 A、C 二项；另题中虽然有 now 但不是现在进行时，而要用一般 现在时，故舍 D 选 B。 14 (2008·河北中考) There _________ a lot of rain in this area in August every year. A. is 【解析】选 A 15. (2008·武汉中考) -Can your father drive? -Yes, and he usually ________ to school. A. drove B. is driving C. drives D. has driven B. was C. are D. were
【解析】选 C。考查单数人称代词做主语时的主谓一致。由关键词 usually 可知本题是一般现在时，主语为 he，谓语动 词要用单数形式。故选 C。
【知识点迁移】 名词作主语时， 名词作主语时，单复数的区分 1，一些集体名词，如 family, class 作主语时，当作为整体看时，谓语动词用单数；如
就其中的一个个成员来考虑时， 谓语动词则用单数。 My family is a big one.
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My family are watching TV. 2，形式是复数，概念是单数。 News is my favourite program. Physics is a difficult lesson. maths, politics, physics 等表示学科名称的名词谓语用单数。 His maths is weak. 3，形式是复数和概念的变化。 某些复数名词如 glasses, clothes, trousers, 作主语时，谓语用复数。 My glasses are on my nose. 但如果前面有限量的修饰语，谓语动词的单复与该修饰语一致。 There is a suit of clothes on my bed. This pair of shoes is 20 yuan. 4，the + 形容词 是复数概念。 the old, the rich, the poor, the young, the dead, the brave, the sick, 等后面的谓语一般用复数。 5，more than + 基数词 + 复数名词 的结构作主语时，谓语用复数；more than + one + 单数名词作主语时，谓语用 单数。 More than 20 students are swimming in the pool. More than 1 answer is suitable for your question. 6，分数百分比 + of + 名词作主语时，谓语的单复取决于 of 后面的名词单复数。 Three- fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. Ten percent of the apples are bad. 7，数词+ 复数名词 作主语时，名词表示的时间、长度、重量、价值时，谓语用单数。 Ten years has seemed a long for me, but a short time for you. Five hundred dollars was spent. 注：如果“复数”的意思占主导地位，谓语需要用复数表示强调。 The first ten years are the hardest time. 8，one or two + 名词 作主语时，谓语用复数。 One or two questions are more than enough to him.
【课堂小结】 主谓一致 语法上的一致 即指谓语动词与主语的单复数形式上保持一致。 一、若句子中主语插入部分，谓语动词与主语保持一致。 二、each 用作代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 三、every, each, one, another, little, a little, much 加单数名词构成句子，谓语动词要用单数形式；both, few, a few, many 加复数名词构成的句子，谓语动词要用复数形式。 四、neither+复数名词，或 neither of +复数名词 在句子中作主语时，谓语用单数。 五、动词 ing 形式、动词不定式或从句在句中作主语时，谓语用单数。
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意义一致原则 主语和谓语在意义上的一致指根据句子意思主语的人称和数应是单数还是复数，从而谓语动词应与其保持一致。 一、若一个句子的主语是单数，则谓语用单数。 二、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数；以 S 结尾的名词， 如 news, works, maths, plastics 及以 ics 结尾的学科名称名词 physics, politics 等作主语时，谓语也用单 数。 三、people 一词在表示人 的意思时总是表示复数，没有单数。 四、everyone, everybody, nobody, s
omebody, anything, nothing, something 等 不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。 五、一些词如 lots of, plenty of, a lot of 加不可数名词，谓语用单数；a great deal of , a large amount of 只 能加不可数名词，谓语用单数。 六、修饰语 more than one + 单数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式。 就近原则 即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。 一、there be 结构：当 there be + 单数名词时，谓语动词 be 为单数形式；当 there be + 复数形式，谓语用复数。 二、当主语出现 or, either or, neither nor, not only but also 时，谓语动词要根据就近原则与离谓语最近的主 语保持一致。
倒装句 一、so, neither 起首的倒装句 二、There be 或 Here be 结构引导的倒装句，一定要考虑到就近原则，来确定 is 或 are.
【课后作业】 主谓一致习题（含答案） 1. Miss Huang together with her friends ____ shopping every Sunday evening. A. go B. went C. going D. goes 2. The United Nations ____ in 1945. A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up 3. The nations of Western Europe ____ worth learning from. A. is B. are C. has D. have 4. – How many students are there in your class? -- ____ the students in our class ____ over fifty. A. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are 5. There ____ some foreign visitors talking a walk in the park. A. is B. are C. has D. have 6. Everyone except Tom and John ____ there when the meeting began. A. was B. were C. is D. are 7. Each of the students ____ a dictionary. A. have B. has C. is D. are
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8. The bread and the butter ____ their main food. A. is B. are C. has D. have 9. The Greens ____ France since the spring of 1990. A. have been to B. have been in C. has been to D. had been in 10. – How many teachers are there in your school? -- About 150. One third of them ____ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is 11. When and where to go for the holiday ____ yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided 12. How time flies! Three years ____ really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. – Do you know ____ the population of Yunnan____ ? -- Yes. It’s about forty-three million. A. how many; is B. what; is C. how much; is D. what; are 14. Your trousers ____ dirty, you must have ____ washed. A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it 15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smith ____ tired of having one examination. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. My brother asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest ____ difficult. A. were B. are C. was D. is 17. The poor ____ happy; but the rich ____ sad. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 18. Gone with the wind ____ very great. A. have B. has C. are D. is 19. Each boy and each girl ____ hard. A. are working B. has worked C. is working D. haved worked 20. Many a man ____ had that kind of experience.
A. have B. has C. is D. are 21. No food and no water ____ in the house. A. is B. has C. are D. have 22. John and his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are 23. When ____ the United Nations founded? A. is B. was C. are D. were 24. Either my friends or I ____ going to the library on Monday. A. is B. be C. am D. are 25. – Why did you choose English instead of Japanese? -- Because Japanese ____ as popular as English. A. isn’t B. aren’t C. has been D. have been 26. Only one and a half oranges ____ on the plate. A. is B. are C. be D. was 27. Nowadays more and more the young ____ fond of pop music. A. are B. is C. were D. was 28. To save time ____ to lengthen life. A. are B. was C. were D. is 29. There ____ a football match and two table tennis matches between Class Eight next week.
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A. will have B. has C. is going to be D. are gone to be 30. The Chinese ____ peace but they aren’t afraid of war. A. love B. loves C. loved D. loving 31. – There ____ no orange juice in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick? -- All right, Mum. A. is B. are C. was D. were 32. How time flies! Ten years ____ passed. A. have B. are C. is D. has 33. Chinese sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang ____ Good will Ambassadors for Shanghai. A. have been named B. have named B. has been named D. has named 34. Nothing ____ difficult in the world, ____ it? A. are, are B. is, isn’t C. are, aren’t D. is, is 35. On the east of the river ____ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing 36. Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who ____ by their teacher. A. praises B. is praised C. praise D. are praised 37. Swimming in the pool with the children ____ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are 38. On every piece of the paper ____ pictures of some horses. A. is B. are C. has D. have 39. No news ____ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be 40. John with his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are 41. Jimmy’s family ____ a large one. The whole family ____ watching TV. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 42. In our city ____ of the people ____ to Han Nationality. A. three fifths, belong B. three fifth; belong C. three fifths; belongs D. three fifth; belongs 43. More than one idea ____ put up with at the class meeting. A. have B. has C. has been D. have been 44. Whether you will learn English well or not ____ your hard work. A. depend on B. depend C. depends D. depends on 45. With the help of people the number of pandas ____ mere and more. A. is getting B. are getting C. got D. hasn’t got 46. ____ that pair of new ____ Tony’s? A. Are; shoes B. Is; shoes C. Are; shoes D. Is; shoe 47. ____ politics difficult for you to learn. A. Are B. Do C. Does D. Is 48. Half of the apple ____ bad. A. are B. is C. were D. has 49. Neither Wei Hua nor his brother ____ a few cities in the south since they were 20 years old. A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited 50. Look! There ____ playing wi
th the children on Dongfeng Square. A. are a number of deer B. is a number of deer C. are a number of deers D. is a number of deers
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51. ____ she or you going to Beijing next month? A. Was B. Is C. Were D. Are 52. Ten kilometers ____ way. A. are quite long B. are quite a long C. is quite a long D. is a quite long 53. What the students need ____ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 54. The singer and dancer ____ yet. A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. haven’t come D. hasn’t come 55. One million dollars ____ a lot of money for everyone. A. are B. mean C. are thought D. is
Key： 1-5 D 16-20 31-35 46-50
C A A B
B B A D
A D A B
B B B B C B A
6-10 21-25 36-40 51-55
A A D B
B D C C
B B A B
B C C D
C A C D
11-15 D A B C C 26-30 A A D C A 41-45 C A D D A
【板书设计】
知识点总结 主谓一致 主谓在语法上的一致即指谓语动词 与主语的单复数形式上保持一致。 意义一致原则 主语和谓语在意义上的一致指根据 句子意思主语的人称和数应是单数 还是复数， 从而谓语动词应与其保持 一致。 就近原则 即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那 个主语保持一致。
真题剖析 1. (2009· 德 州 中 考 ) Either Eve or Herb ________ been invited by Lucy’s parents already. A. have C. was B. has D. were
练习思考 1. Miss Huang together with her friends ____ shopping every Sunday evening. A. go B. went C. going D. goes 2. The United Nations ____ in 1945. A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up 3. The nations of Western Europe ____ worth learning from. A. is B. are C. has D. have
【解析】选 B。either … or …连接主 语时，谓语动词与 or 后面的名词或 代词保持一致。由关键词 Herb 可知 用谓语动词单数形式，先排除 A、D 二项；另由 been invited 可知这里是 现在完成时的被动语态，故舍 D 选 B。
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【情感价值教育分享】 英语哲理句子 1. A burnt child dreads the fire. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。 2. Accidents will happen. 天有不测风云。 3. A clean hand wants no washing. 身正不怕影子斜。 4. A clear conscience laughs at false accusations. 白日不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。 5. A close mouth catches no flies. 病从口入，祸从口出。 6. A cock is valiant on his own dunghill.夜郎自大。 7. A common danger causes common action.同仇敌忾。 8. A contented mind is perpetual feast. 知足常乐。 9. Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 10. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。
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课
题
主谓一致、 主谓一致、倒装句
学习目标 学习目标
掌握中考英语语法-主谓一致、 掌握中考英语语法 主谓一致、倒装句 主谓一致
考点及考试要求
主谓一致、 主谓一致、倒装句
教学内容 【知识框架图】
主谓一致
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近原则
倒装句
so, neither 起首句
there be, here be 起首句
【知识点回顾】 难度系数： C
主谓一致
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语法一致原则 主谓在语法上的一致即指谓语动词与主语的单复数形式上保持一致。 一、若句子中主语插入部分，谓语动词与主语保持一致。 主语+ with/as well as/ without/ including/ besides/ except/ not/ together with 作插入语时，谓语动词 要与主语一致 而与插入部分无关。 All the students, including Miss Chen, are going to the party. 二、each 用作代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 Each of the children has an orange. 三、every, each, one, another, little, a little, much 加单数名词构成句子，谓语动词要用单数形式；both, few, a few, many 加复数名词构成的句子，谓语动词要用复数形式。 Each boy has an apple. Both girls are beauty. 四、neither+复数名词，或 neither of +复数名词 在句子中作主语时，谓语用单数。 Neither answers is right. Neither of the twins likes bread. 五、动词 ing 形式、动词不定式或从句在句中作主语时，谓语用单数。 To do much more difficult than to say.
意义一致原则 主语和谓语在意义上的一致指根据句子意思主语的人称和数应是单数还是复数，从而谓语动词应与其保持一致。 一、若一个句子的主语是单数，则谓语用单数。 She comes here once a week. 二、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数；以 S 结尾的名词， 如 news, works, maths, plastics 及以 ics 结尾的学科名称名词 physics, politics 等作主语时，谓语也用单 数。 I don’t the news in the newspaper is true. Three years has passed quickly. 三、people 一词在表示人 的意思时总是表示复数，没有单数。 Look! 3 people are standing under the tree. 四、everyone, everybody, nobody, somebody, anything, nothing, something 等 不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。 Everything begins to grow fast in spring. 五、一些词如 lots of, plenty of, a lot of 加不可数名词，谓语用单数；a great deal of , a large amount of 只 能加不可数名词，谓语用单数。 A lot of money has spent for the clothes. A lot of students are going to the part.
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六、修饰语 more than one + 单数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式。 More than one year has passed.
就近原则 即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。 一、there be 结构：当 there be + 单数名词时，
谓语动词 be 为单数形式；当 there be + 复数形式，谓语用复数。 There is a pen and two apples on the desk. There are two apples and one pen on the desk. 二、当主语出现 or, either or.., neither nor, not only but also 时，谓语动词要根据就近原则与离谓语最近的 主语保持一致。 Neither you nor I am a student now. Not only they but also I like the suit. One or Two days are more than enough.
倒装句
一、so, neither 起首的倒装句 表示前面所说明的情况也适用于说明另一个人或另一种情况时，常用 so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词+主语 的结构 表示。该结构的动词形式与前句谓语的时态形式一致。如果前面所说明的情况是否定意义，再说明另一个人或另一 种情况时，要用 nether / nor + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词 +主语 结构表示。 但是，以 so 起首的句子，如果只是重复前面一句话的意思，表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，强调情况确实如此， 则词序不能倒装。 二、There be 或 Here be 结构引导的倒装句，一定要考虑到就近原则，来确定 is 或 are.
易混易错点
一、同 and 连接 2 个表示同一物体的名词时用单数；不同物体的名词用单数。 Bread and butter is a common food. Lucy and Lily are my friends. 二、the + 姓氏名词复数表示 某人的一家，或夫妇，当其在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。 The Whites enjoy working in China. 三、family, class, police, team 等词在句中作主语时，当它们表示整体概念时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。而 表示其中各位成员时用复数。 His family is moving next month. His family enjoy watching football match.
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四、The number of + 复数名词 作主语表示…的数量 谓语动词用单数 但是 a number of +复名 表示许多，谓语用复 数。 The number of students is 40. A number of monkeys are coming to the zoo soon. 五、what 从句作主语，如果表示的是单数意义，谓语动词用单数；如果表示的复数意义，则谓语动词用复数。 What he wants to know is how the machine works. What kinds of lives are more welcome in the public? 六、so + 谓语 + 主语 与 so + 主语+ 谓语 的区别。 在倒装句中， so + 谓语+ 主语+ 表示 某人物也是这样； so + 主语+ 谓语 表示某人确实如此，是对第一句话的 进一步肯定，前面两句话的主语是同一个。 - Tom is an American. - So he is . 的确如此。
【课堂练习】 1.（2010·黄冈中考）—David has been away for more than 25 days. --I miss him very much.You know ,25 days _______short. A.is 【解析】选 A 2.（2010·十堰中考）Climbing hills _________of great help to our health. A.was 【解析】选 C 3. （2010·宁夏中考）--- Have you got some water to drink? --- Here you are. There _______ still some in the bottle. A. are B. has C. is D. have B.were C.is D.are B
.isn’t C.are D.aren’t
【解析】选 C 4. （2010·北京中考）The reading room _____ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. A. am 【解析】选 B 5.（2010·滨州中考）33. A. is 【解析】选 A 6.（2010·巴中中考）In our school libray, there____ a number of books on science and the number of them_____ growing larger
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B. is
C. are
D. be
How time flies! Three years C. was
____________ really a short time. D. were
B. are
and larger. A. is; are 【解析】选 B 8. (2009·宁夏中考) The woman behind the girls ________ a famous actress. A. is 【解析】选 A 9. (2009·河北中考) The news ________ very interesting! Tell me more! A. is 【解析】选 A 10. – How many teachers are there in your school? -- About 150. One third of them ____ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is 11. When and where to go for the holiday ____ yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided 12. How time flies! Three years ____ really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. – Do you know ____ the population of Yunnan____? -- Yes. It’s about forty-three million. A. how many; is B. what; is C. how much; is D. what; are 14. Your trousers ____ dirty, you must have ____ washed. A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it 15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smith’s ____ tired of having one examination. A. is B. are C. was D. were B. are C. were D. was B. are C. have D. has B. are; is C. have; is
【真题剖析】 1. (2009·德州中考) Either Eve or Herb ________ been invited by Lucy’s parents already. A. have B. has C. was D. were
【解析】选 B。either … or …连接主语时，谓语动词与 or 后面的名词或代词保持一致。由关键词 Herb 可知用谓语动词 单数形式，先排除 A、D 二项；另由 been invited 可知这里是现在完成时的被动语态，故舍 D 选 B。 2. (2009·新疆中考) –What do you think of what she did? -What she did still ________ us feel very sad now. A. makes 【解析】选 A 3. (2009·深圳中考) -Which would you like, tea or coffee?
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B. make
C. is making
D. is made
-Either _______ OK, but I prefer coffee ________ milk. A. is; has B. are; with C. is; with D. are; has
【解析】选 C。either 是不定代词，做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式，先排除 B、D；另结合题中的谓语动词 prefer 可舍 A 选 C。 4. (2009·宿迁中考) –What ________ the number of the students in your school? –About two thousand. A number of them _________ A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is from England. D. are; are
【解析】选 A。the number of…意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；而 a number of 意为“许多”，作主语 时谓语动词用复数形式。 由关键信息 the number of 和 a number of 可知第一个空用单数，第二个空用复数，故正确答案为 A。 5. (2009·广东中考) Everyone except Tom and John ____
____ seen the film. A. is B. has C. are D. have
【解析】选 B。everyone 在句中做主语，而 except Tom and John 是介词短语，作 everyone 的后置定语，所以谓语动词要 用单数形式，先排除 C、D 二项；另结合关键词 seen 可知这里是现在完成时，故舍 A 选 B。 6. (2008·泸州中考) My name ________ Lucy. May I know your name? A. am B. is C. are
【解析】选 B。my name 做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 7. (2008·茂名中考) Some of my classmates _________ from other cities. A. comes B. is C. are
【解析】选 C。因为 classmates 是复数名词，所以谓语动词要用复数形式。故本题选 C。 8. (2008·鸡西中考) –A number of students ________ in the dinning hall. -Let me count. The number of the students ________ about 400. A. are; is 【解析】选 A 9. (2008·攀枝花中考)Swimming in the pool with friends _________ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are B. is; are C. are; are
【解析】选 C。Swimming in the pool with friends 是动名词短语，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 10. (2008·漳州中考) –What’s on the table? -________ some bread on it. A. There is B. There are C. We are D. They are
【解析】选 A。考查 there be 结构的主谓一致。题中的 some bread 是不可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故
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选 A。 11. (2008·烟台中考) The number of _________ in our class______ fifty. A. student; is C. the students; is 【解析】选 C 12. (2008·宿迁中考) -Are you worried when your son often plays computer games? -Yes. I think playing computer games _________ on teenagers. A. have a good effect C. has a bad effect B. has a good effect D. have a bad effect B. the students; are D. students; are
【解析】选 C。动名词短语 playing computer games 做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，先排除 A、D 二项；另结合题 意“我认为打电脑游戏对青少年有坏影响”可舍 B 选 C。 13. (2008·南通中考) Now the students each _________ an English-Chinese dictionary. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having
【解析】选 B。the students each 强调的是整体，先排除 A、C 二项；另题中虽然有 now 但不是现在进行时，而要用一般 现在时，故舍 D 选 B。 14 (2008·河北中考) There _________ a lot of rain in this area in August every year. A. is 【解析】选 A 15. (2008·武汉中考) -Can your father drive? -Yes, and he usually ________ to school. A. drove B. is driving C. drives D. has driven B. was C. are D. were
【解析】选 C。考查单数人称代词做主语时的主谓一致。由关键词 usually 可知本题是一般现在时，主语为 he，谓语动 词要用单数形式。故选 C。
【知识点迁移】 名词作主语时， 名词作主语时，单复数的区分 1，一些集体名词，如 family, class 作主语时，当作为整体看时，谓语动词用单数；如
就其中的一个个成员来考虑时， 谓语动词则用单数。 My family is a big one.
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My family are watching TV. 2，形式是复数，概念是单数。 News is my favourite program. Physics is a difficult lesson. maths, politics, physics 等表示学科名称的名词谓语用单数。 His maths is weak. 3，形式是复数和概念的变化。 某些复数名词如 glasses, clothes, trousers, 作主语时，谓语用复数。 My glasses are on my nose. 但如果前面有限量的修饰语，谓语动词的单复与该修饰语一致。 There is a suit of clothes on my bed. This pair of shoes is 20 yuan. 4，the + 形容词 是复数概念。 the old, the rich, the poor, the young, the dead, the brave, the sick, 等后面的谓语一般用复数。 5，more than + 基数词 + 复数名词 的结构作主语时，谓语用复数；more than + one + 单数名词作主语时，谓语用 单数。 More than 20 students are swimming in the pool. More than 1 answer is suitable for your question. 6，分数百分比 + of + 名词作主语时，谓语的单复取决于 of 后面的名词单复数。 Three- fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. Ten percent of the apples are bad. 7，数词+ 复数名词 作主语时，名词表示的时间、长度、重量、价值时，谓语用单数。 Ten years has seemed a long for me, but a short time for you. Five hundred dollars was spent. 注：如果“复数”的意思占主导地位，谓语需要用复数表示强调。 The first ten years are the hardest time. 8，one or two + 名词 作主语时，谓语用复数。 One or two questions are more than enough to him.
【课堂小结】 主谓一致 语法上的一致 即指谓语动词与主语的单复数形式上保持一致。 一、若句子中主语插入部分，谓语动词与主语保持一致。 二、each 用作代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 三、every, each, one, another, little, a little, much 加单数名词构成句子，谓语动词要用单数形式；both, few, a few, many 加复数名词构成的句子，谓语动词要用复数形式。 四、neither+复数名词，或 neither of +复数名词 在句子中作主语时，谓语用单数。 五、动词 ing 形式、动词不定式或从句在句中作主语时，谓语用单数。
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意义一致原则 主语和谓语在意义上的一致指根据句子意思主语的人称和数应是单数还是复数，从而谓语动词应与其保持一致。 一、若一个句子的主语是单数，则谓语用单数。 二、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数；以 S 结尾的名词， 如 news, works, maths, plastics 及以 ics 结尾的学科名称名词 physics, politics 等作主语时，谓语也用单 数。 三、people 一词在表示人 的意思时总是表示复数，没有单数。 四、everyone, everybody, nobody, s
omebody, anything, nothing, something 等 不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。 五、一些词如 lots of, plenty of, a lot of 加不可数名词，谓语用单数；a great deal of , a large amount of 只 能加不可数名词，谓语用单数。 六、修饰语 more than one + 单数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式。 就近原则 即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。 一、there be 结构：当 there be + 单数名词时，谓语动词 be 为单数形式；当 there be + 复数形式，谓语用复数。 二、当主语出现 or, either or, neither nor, not only but also 时，谓语动词要根据就近原则与离谓语最近的主 语保持一致。
倒装句 一、so, neither 起首的倒装句 二、There be 或 Here be 结构引导的倒装句，一定要考虑到就近原则，来确定 is 或 are.
【课后作业】 主谓一致习题（含答案） 1. Miss Huang together with her friends ____ shopping every Sunday evening. A. go B. went C. going D. goes 2. The United Nations ____ in 1945. A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up 3. The nations of Western Europe ____ worth learning from. A. is B. are C. has D. have 4. – How many students are there in your class? -- ____ the students in our class ____ over fifty. A. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are 5. There ____ some foreign visitors talking a walk in the park. A. is B. are C. has D. have 6. Everyone except Tom and John ____ there when the meeting began. A. was B. were C. is D. are 7. Each of the students ____ a dictionary. A. have B. has C. is D. are
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8. The bread and the butter ____ their main food. A. is B. are C. has D. have 9. The Greens ____ France since the spring of 1990. A. have been to B. have been in C. has been to D. had been in 10. – How many teachers are there in your school? -- About 150. One third of them ____ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is 11. When and where to go for the holiday ____ yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided 12. How time flies! Three years ____ really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. – Do you know ____ the population of Yunnan____ ? -- Yes. It’s about forty-three million. A. how many; is B. what; is C. how much; is D. what; are 14. Your trousers ____ dirty, you must have ____ washed. A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it 15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smith ____ tired of having one examination. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. My brother asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest ____ difficult. A. were B. are C. was D. is 17. The poor ____ happy; but the rich ____ sad. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 18. Gone with the wind ____ very great. A. have B. has C. are D. is 19. Each boy and each girl ____ hard. A. are working B. has worked C. is working D. haved worked 20. Many a man ____ had that kind of experience.
A. have B. has C. is D. are 21. No food and no water ____ in the house. A. is B. has C. are D. have 22. John and his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are 23. When ____ the United Nations founded? A. is B. was C. are D. were 24. Either my friends or I ____ going to the library on Monday. A. is B. be C. am D. are 25. – Why did you choose English instead of Japanese? -- Because Japanese ____ as popular as English. A. isn’t B. aren’t C. has been D. have been 26. Only one and a half oranges ____ on the plate. A. is B. are C. be D. was 27. Nowadays more and more the young ____ fond of pop music. A. are B. is C. were D. was 28. To save time ____ to lengthen life. A. are B. was C. were D. is 29. There ____ a football match and two table tennis matches between Class Eight next week.
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A. will have B. has C. is going to be D. are gone to be 30. The Chinese ____ peace but they aren’t afraid of war. A. love B. loves C. loved D. loving 31. – There ____ no orange juice in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick? -- All right, Mum. A. is B. are C. was D. were 32. How time flies! Ten years ____ passed. A. have B. are C. is D. has 33. Chinese sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang ____ Good will Ambassadors for Shanghai. A. have been named B. have named B. has been named D. has named 34. Nothing ____ difficult in the world, ____ it? A. are, are B. is, isn’t C. are, aren’t D. is, is 35. On the east of the river ____ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing 36. Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who ____ by their teacher. A. praises B. is praised C. praise D. are praised 37. Swimming in the pool with the children ____ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are 38. On every piece of the paper ____ pictures of some horses. A. is B. are C. has D. have 39. No news ____ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be 40. John with his uncle ____ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are 41. Jimmy’s family ____ a large one. The whole family ____ watching TV. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 42. In our city ____ of the people ____ to Han Nationality. A. three fifths, belong B. three fifth; belong C. three fifths; belongs D. three fifth; belongs 43. More than one idea ____ put up with at the class meeting. A. have B. has C. has been D. have been 44. Whether you will learn English well or not ____ your hard work. A. depend on B. depend C. depends D. depends on 45. With the help of people the number of pandas ____ mere and more. A. is getting B. are getting C. got D. hasn’t got 46. ____ that pair of new ____ Tony’s? A. Are; shoes B. Is; shoes C. Are; shoes D. Is; shoe 47. ____ politics difficult for you to learn. A. Are B. Do C. Does D. Is 48. Half of the apple ____ bad. A. are B. is C. were D. has 49. Neither Wei Hua nor his brother ____ a few cities in the south since they were 20 years old. A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited 50. Look! There ____ playing wi
th the children on Dongfeng Square. A. are a number of deer B. is a number of deer C. are a number of deers D. is a number of deers
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51. ____ she or you going to Beijing next month? A. Was B. Is C. Were D. Are 52. Ten kilometers ____ way. A. are quite long B. are quite a long C. is quite a long D. is a quite long 53. What the students need ____ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 54. The singer and dancer ____ yet. A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. haven’t come D. hasn’t come 55. One million dollars ____ a lot of money for everyone. A. are B. mean C. are thought D. is
Key： 1-5 D 16-20 31-35 46-50
C A A B
B B A D
A D A B
B B B B C B A
6-10 21-25 36-40 51-55
A A D B
B D C C
B B A B
B C C D
C A C D
11-15 D A B C C 26-30 A A D C A 41-45 C A D D A
【板书设计】
知识点总结 主谓一致 主谓在语法上的一致即指谓语动词 与主语的单复数形式上保持一致。 意义一致原则 主语和谓语在意义上的一致指根据 句子意思主语的人称和数应是单数 还是复数， 从而谓语动词应与其保持 一致。 就近原则 即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那 个主语保持一致。
真题剖析 1. (2009· 德 州 中 考 ) Either Eve or Herb ________ been invited by Lucy’s parents already. A. have C. was B. has D. were
练习思考 1. Miss Huang together with her friends ____ shopping every Sunday evening. A. go B. went C. going D. goes 2. The United Nations ____ in 1945. A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up 3. The nations of Western Europe ____ worth learning from. A. is B. are C. has D. have
【解析】选 B。either … or …连接主 语时，谓语动词与 or 后面的名词或 代词保持一致。由关键词 Herb 可知 用谓语动词单数形式，先排除 A、D 二项；另由 been invited 可知这里是 现在完成时的被动语态，故舍 D 选 B。
Robert
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【情感价值教育分享】 英语哲理句子 1. A burnt child dreads the fire. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。 2. Accidents will happen. 天有不测风云。 3. A clean hand wants no washing. 身正不怕影子斜。 4. A clear conscience laughs at false accusations. 白日不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。 5. A close mouth catches no flies. 病从口入，祸从口出。 6. A cock is valiant on his own dunghill.夜郎自大。 7. A common danger causes common action.同仇敌忾。 8. A contented mind is perpetual feast. 知足常乐。 9. Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 10. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。
Robert
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