初中英语四大时态总结
一 、一般现在时
内涵(简单内涵)
1.表经常发生的事情、存在的动作或状态
eg She sings with the band Crazy Boy.
2.表内心活动感情等
eg I don't think you are right.
3.描述客观真理
eg Birds fly in the sky.
4.表预定的行为
eg The train leaves at 9
具体情况（主要用于下面几情况）
1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如： She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。
I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。
It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。
2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：
He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。
That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 She majors in music .她主修音乐。
All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。
顾名思义，客观的情况是"没有时间概念"的；也"不会在意动作进行的状态"。例如： The sun rises in the east .日出东方。
The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。
Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。
Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。
4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：
I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。
用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today ,
nowadays等等。
特殊用法：（一般现在时表示过去）
1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn等)表示不确定的过去时间。如：
I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。
Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。
2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如： The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。
The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。
基本结构:
一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s外，一律用动词原形。
例句：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。
Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
实战演练：
I . 改写
1）用动词的适当形式填空
1.I like ____________ (swim).
2.He _________(read) English every day.
3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
5.My mother________(like) ______(go) shopping.
2）用所给的人称改写句子
1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)
2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)
3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)
4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)
5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)
3）写出下列动词的相应形式
1.第三人称单数： wash_________ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1．I ________(write) to you as soon as I _______(get) to London.
2. He doean't feel well and ____________(not eat) any food this morning.
3. He ______ not _______(see) me come in, for he ___________(read) something with great interest.
4. I _________(l;et) you have the book as soon as I _________(finish) it.
5. While we ________(wait) for our teacher, a little boy ________(run) up to us.
III单项选择：
1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow. A.don't rain B. doesn't
rain C. won't rain
2. There _____ an English film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be
3. The picture _______ nice. A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking
4. She ______ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay
5. They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning. A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to
6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week.
A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come
7. Don't smoke until the plane ______ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take
8. I saw her ____ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters
9.the teacher asked us ______ to school on time. A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes
10. John is always ______ others. A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help
二、一般过去时
内涵(简单内涵)
1.表过去发生的事情或存在的状态
eg Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.
2.表过去经常发生的事情
eg I was very thin in my childhood.
3.带有确定的过去的时间状语
eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now.
具体情况（主要用于下面几情况）
1. 主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某
段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。
2. 一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外）。
常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。
3.使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。"过去"的时间概念有两层意思：一是指"现在某个时间"以前的时间；二是指"说话、写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间，在这个意义上，"现在的那个时间点"是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：
He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。
--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里？
--He just went out.他刚刚出去。
特殊用法（一般过去时表现在）
(1) 在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在： I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在) I didn’t know you were so busy．我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在) (2) 表示客气委婉的现在： I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。 I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。 【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。
(3) 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在：
It’s time we started. 我们该动身了。
I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。
I’d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。
【注】该用法主要用于 it’s time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形，其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来：
I’d rather you came next Monday. 我宁愿你下周星期一来。
另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：
If I had the money now I’d buy a car. 假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。
一般过去时基本结构
一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，即在动词原形后加ed。例句：
He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。
He said he would wait until they came back.
实战演练
一、写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
二、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children's Day. All the students ______ very excited.
三、句型变换
1 There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：__________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________________ 2 They played football in the playground.
否定句：__________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________________
四、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
五、句型转换
1、Lucy did her homework at home.
（改否定句）Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）
__________ ___________ __________ she __________ there?
4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)
_________ there ___________ orange in the cup?
三、一般将来时
内涵(简单内涵)
1.要在将来的某个时间内发生，是“纯粹的将来动作”。
eg I shall / will not be free tomorrow.
2.表说话人的意图、打算或某种可能性
eg Who is going to speak first?
3.按计划要发生的动作或命令他人做某事
eg The new bridge is to open to traffic in 3 days.
具体情况（主要用于下面几情况）
主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：
1）shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作”。例如：
I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。
He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。
2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式
这种表示方法主要是说明 A）“说话人的意图、打算”；B）“某种可能性”。例如：
A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。
Who is going to speak first? 谁先发言？
B) It is going to rain soon .马上要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集资料吗？
If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西兰，你会喜欢上那个地方的。
3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况：
按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：
A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新桥三天后通车。
The factory is to go into production before National Day. 这家工厂国庆节前投产。
B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。
You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。
4) 用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”。例如：
Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下车吗？
The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飞机上午十一点起飞。
特殊用法（表示将来的五种常用非时态方式）
1. “be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等。如：
She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱丽叶。
You are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改变。
2. “be about to + 不定式”：表示即将发生的动作，有“即将”的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。如：
The package is about to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了。
3. “be going + 不定式”：表示按计划或安排打算去做某事，或表示有迹象表明要发生某事。如：
We are going to call her this evening. 我们打算今晚给她打电话。
My sister’s going to have a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。
4. 用现在进行时表示将来：主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：
The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。
We’re having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。
5. 用一般现在时表示将来：表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：
We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。
The train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火车今晚10:04分开。
基本结构
由 will 加动词原形构成，当主语是第一人称时，也可以用 shall 加动词原形。 例如： Telephone me this evening. I’ll be at home. 今晚给我打电话，我会在家。 I’ll (shall/will) do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好些。 The car won’t start. 车开不了啦。 Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。
练习题
一、单项选择
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work
( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be
( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要。）
A. No, you won't. B. No, you aren't. C. No, please don't. D. No, please.
( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once.
A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get
( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
二、动词填空
1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.
2. -How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?
-I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.
-I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.
-What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here?
-I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.
3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
4. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon
三、用所给动词的一般将来时填空
1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）. 2 I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
3Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
4. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.
5 I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can't join you.
6. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes.
7. Most of us don't think their team ______（win）.
四、把下列各句译成英语
1．我叔叔今晚要来。
2．他没有打算住那座小屋。
3．我们要读这本书。
4．-你爸爸要去钓鱼吗？-不，他要去游泳。
四、现在进行时
内涵(简单内涵)
1.说话、写文章的当刻正在发生的动作
eg They are having a football match.
2.现阶段一直在进行的动作
eg He is preparing for CET Band Six.
3.表示说话人的情感，如赞许、批评等
eg She is often doing well at school.
4.表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作
eg Are you staying here till next week?
时态详解
主要用来描述“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作，或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况：
1）“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。例如：
They are having a football match .他们正在赛足球。
She is writing her term paper. 她正在写学期论文。
Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你听电话。
2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如：
He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。
How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么样？
3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。例如：
He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为
自己。
She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。
Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？
One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。
Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢） 有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。
4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午饭 ) , return, dine ( 进餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴 ) 等。例如：
I'm dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告。
We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我们放假。
Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到
特殊用法（现在进行时用法之表将来）
现在进行时表将来，主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作：
I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。
They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。
现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来，区别是：用现在进行时表示将来，其计划性较强，并往往暗示一种意图；而一般现在时表示将来，则其客观性较强，即通常被视为客观事实，多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况：
I’m not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。
What time does the train leave? 火车什么时候开?
基本结构
现在进行时由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成 例句：
They’re having a meeting. 他们在开会。
I’m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。
You’re always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨)
My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满)
She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)
练习题
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________write________ ski_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______put______see_____buy______love__________live_______take________come________get________stop________sit________begin________shop__________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _____________( have) an English lesson . 三、句型转换： 1.hey are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) ①_______________________________________________ ②_______________________________________________ 2．I'm playing the football in the playground .(改为否定句) ________________________________________________ 3．Tom is reading books in his study . (改为一般疑问句) ________________________________________________ 四、行时态提高题 一.填空题 1．Mr Zheng _______________ (read) a book now. 2. The rabbits _________________ (jump) now. 3.. Look ! Tom and John ________________ (swim). 4. My brother _________________ (make) a kite in his room now. 5. Look! The bus _______________ (stop). 6. We _______________ (have) an English class now. 7. Listen! Someone is__________________(come). 8. They ___________________(catch) butterflies now. 9. He ______________________ (do) an experiment now. 10. They _____________________(collect) stamps now. 二、造句 1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_________________ 2).is,who,the window,cleaning?(连词成句)______________________ 3).She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)______________________
三、用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1.What_________you__________(do)? .I_____________(sing) an English song.
3.What________he____________(mend)? 4.He______________(mend) a car.
初中英语四大时态总结
一 、一般现在时
内涵(简单内涵)
1.表经常发生的事情、存在的动作或状态
eg She sings with the band Crazy Boy.
2.表内心活动感情等
eg I don't think you are right.
3.描述客观真理
eg Birds fly in the sky.
4.表预定的行为
eg The train leaves at 9
具体情况（主要用于下面几情况）
1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如： She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。
I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。
It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。
2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：
He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。
That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 She majors in music .她主修音乐。
All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。
顾名思义，客观的情况是"没有时间概念"的；也"不会在意动作进行的状态"。例如： The sun rises in the east .日出东方。
The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。
Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。
Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。
4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：
I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。
用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today ,
nowadays等等。
特殊用法：（一般现在时表示过去）
1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn等)表示不确定的过去时间。如：
I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。
Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。
2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如： The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。
The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。
基本结构:
一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s外，一律用动词原形。
例句：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。
Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
实战演练：
I . 改写
1）用动词的适当形式填空
1.I like ____________ (swim).
2.He _________(read) English every day.
3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
5.My mother________(like) ______(go) shopping.
2）用所给的人称改写句子
1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)
2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)
3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)
4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)
5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)
3）写出下列动词的相应形式
1.第三人称单数： wash_________ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1．I ________(write) to you as soon as I _______(get) to London.
2. He doean't feel well and ____________(not eat) any food this morning.
3. He ______ not _______(see) me come in, for he ___________(read) something with great interest.
4. I _________(l;et) you have the book as soon as I _________(finish) it.
5. While we ________(wait) for our teacher, a little boy ________(run) up to us.
III单项选择：
1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow. A.don't rain B. doesn't
rain C. won't rain
2. There _____ an English film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be
3. The picture _______ nice. A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking
4. She ______ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay
5. They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning. A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to
6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week.
A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come
7. Don't smoke until the plane ______ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take
8. I saw her ____ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters
9.the teacher asked us ______ to school on time. A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes
10. John is always ______ others. A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help
二、一般过去时
内涵(简单内涵)
1.表过去发生的事情或存在的状态
eg Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.
2.表过去经常发生的事情
eg I was very thin in my childhood.
3.带有确定的过去的时间状语
eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now.
具体情况（主要用于下面几情况）
1. 主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某
段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。
2. 一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外）。
常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。
3.使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。"过去"的时间概念有两层意思：一是指"现在某个时间"以前的时间；二是指"说话、写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间，在这个意义上，"现在的那个时间点"是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：
He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。
--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里？
--He just went out.他刚刚出去。
特殊用法（一般过去时表现在）
(1) 在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在： I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在) I didn’t know you were so busy．我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在) (2) 表示客气委婉的现在： I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。 I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。 【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。
(3) 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在：
It’s time we started. 我们该动身了。
I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。
I’d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。
【注】该用法主要用于 it’s time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形，其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来：
I’d rather you came next Monday. 我宁愿你下周星期一来。
另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：
If I had the money now I’d buy a car. 假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。
一般过去时基本结构
一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，即在动词原形后加ed。例句：
He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。
He said he would wait until they came back.
实战演练
一、写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
二、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children's Day. All the students ______ very excited.
三、句型变换
1 There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：__________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________________ 2 They played football in the playground.
否定句：__________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________________
四、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
五、句型转换
1、Lucy did her homework at home.
（改否定句）Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）
__________ ___________ __________ she __________ there?
4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)
_________ there ___________ orange in the cup?
三、一般将来时
内涵(简单内涵)
1.要在将来的某个时间内发生，是“纯粹的将来动作”。
eg I shall / will not be free tomorrow.
2.表说话人的意图、打算或某种可能性
eg Who is going to speak first?
3.按计划要发生的动作或命令他人做某事
eg The new bridge is to open to traffic in 3 days.
具体情况（主要用于下面几情况）
主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：
1）shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作”。例如：
I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。
He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。
2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式
这种表示方法主要是说明 A）“说话人的意图、打算”；B）“某种可能性”。例如：
A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。
Who is going to speak first? 谁先发言？
B) It is going to rain soon .马上要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集资料吗？
If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西兰，你会喜欢上那个地方的。
3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况：
按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：
A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新桥三天后通车。
The factory is to go into production before National Day. 这家工厂国庆节前投产。
B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。
You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。
4) 用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”。例如：
Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下车吗？
The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飞机上午十一点起飞。
特殊用法（表示将来的五种常用非时态方式）
1. “be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等。如：
She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱丽叶。
You are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改变。
2. “be about to + 不定式”：表示即将发生的动作，有“即将”的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。如：
The package is about to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了。
3. “be going + 不定式”：表示按计划或安排打算去做某事，或表示有迹象表明要发生某事。如：
We are going to call her this evening. 我们打算今晚给她打电话。
My sister’s going to have a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。
4. 用现在进行时表示将来：主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：
The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。
We’re having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。
5. 用一般现在时表示将来：表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：
We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。
The train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火车今晚10:04分开。
基本结构
由 will 加动词原形构成，当主语是第一人称时，也可以用 shall 加动词原形。 例如： Telephone me this evening. I’ll be at home. 今晚给我打电话，我会在家。 I’ll (shall/will) do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好些。 The car won’t start. 车开不了啦。 Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。
练习题
一、单项选择
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work
( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be
( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要。）
A. No, you won't. B. No, you aren't. C. No, please don't. D. No, please.
( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once.
A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get
( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
二、动词填空
1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.
2. -How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?
-I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.
-I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.
-What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here?
-I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.
3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
4. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon
三、用所给动词的一般将来时填空
1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）. 2 I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
3Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
4. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.
5 I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can't join you.
6. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes.
7. Most of us don't think their team ______（win）.
四、把下列各句译成英语
1．我叔叔今晚要来。
2．他没有打算住那座小屋。
3．我们要读这本书。
4．-你爸爸要去钓鱼吗？-不，他要去游泳。
四、现在进行时
内涵(简单内涵)
1.说话、写文章的当刻正在发生的动作
eg They are having a football match.
2.现阶段一直在进行的动作
eg He is preparing for CET Band Six.
3.表示说话人的情感，如赞许、批评等
eg She is often doing well at school.
4.表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作
eg Are you staying here till next week?
时态详解
主要用来描述“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作，或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况：
1）“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。例如：
They are having a football match .他们正在赛足球。
She is writing her term paper. 她正在写学期论文。
Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你听电话。
2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如：
He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。
How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么样？
3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。例如：
He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为
自己。
She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。
Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？
One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。
Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢） 有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。
4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午饭 ) , return, dine ( 进餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴 ) 等。例如：
I'm dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告。
We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我们放假。
Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到
特殊用法（现在进行时用法之表将来）
现在进行时表将来，主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作：
I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。
They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。
现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来，区别是：用现在进行时表示将来，其计划性较强，并往往暗示一种意图；而一般现在时表示将来，则其客观性较强，即通常被视为客观事实，多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况：
I’m not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。
What time does the train leave? 火车什么时候开?
基本结构
现在进行时由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成 例句：
They’re having a meeting. 他们在开会。
I’m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。
You’re always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨)
My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满)
She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)
练习题
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________write________ ski_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______put______see_____buy______love__________live_______take________come________get________stop________sit________begin________shop__________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _____________( have) an English lesson . 三、句型转换： 1.hey are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) ①_______________________________________________ ②_______________________________________________ 2．I'm playing the football in the playground .(改为否定句) ________________________________________________ 3．Tom is reading books in his study . (改为一般疑问句) ________________________________________________ 四、行时态提高题 一.填空题 1．Mr Zheng _______________ (read) a book now. 2. The rabbits _________________ (jump) now. 3.. Look ! Tom and John ________________ (swim). 4. My brother _________________ (make) a kite in his room now. 5. Look! The bus _______________ (stop). 6. We _______________ (have) an English class now. 7. Listen! Someone is__________________(come). 8. They ___________________(catch) butterflies now. 9. He ______________________ (do) an experiment now. 10. They _____________________(collect) stamps now. 二、造句 1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_________________ 2).is,who,the window,cleaning?(连词成句)______________________ 3).She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)______________________
三、用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1.What_________you__________(do)? .I_____________(sing) an English song.
3.What________he____________(mend)? 4.He______________(mend) a car.