定语从句
一 概念 担任定语功能的句子叫做定语从句 定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词 故
又称形容词性从句 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词
二 引导词（关系代词和关系副词）
1 关系代词（who whom whose that which） who 在定语从句中做主语 宾语 whom 做宾语
who 表示人且在从句中做主语也可取代whom 在句中做宾语He is the man who picked up my purse yesterday I happened to meet the scientist who/whom I got to know at a conference in the shopping center yesterday 在从句中做介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后面的关系代词只能用whom whose 一般指人但有时也指物 在定语从句中做定语A child whose parents are dead is called orphan please pass me the book whose cover is green=please pass me the book the cover of which is green
Which 一般指物 在句中做主语 宾语定语 如果指人 往往指婴儿或人的品质 The train which has just left is for Xi’an This is the book which you need for the exam
That 用于指人或物 指人时可以与who/whom 互换 指物时可以与which 互换 在从句中做主语宾语表语 但做介词的宾语时不能用 只能用which/whom The sick man that/who/whom Mary is looking after is her father Can you lend me the novel which/that you talked about the other day ?
2 关系副词（when where why）when 指时间 在从句中做时间状语 它的先行词常为time
day morning night week year 有时when 也可和部分介词一起引导定语从句I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane She went to study abroad 2 years ago . since when I haven’t heard from her where 指地点 在从句中做地点壮语 它的先行词通常为place spot street house room city town country This is the hotel where they stayed last month
Why 指原因或理由 它的先行词只有reason 在从句中做原因状语why 也可以省略Is this the reason why she refused to offer help?
That 的用法 that 可以用于表示时间 地点 方式 理由的名词之后取代when where why 和介词+which 其先行词常为the way the time the day the place
The way that/in which one be haves says what type of person he is
It took us 2 years to find a small river with clean water that/where/in which we could see fish 三 定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句） 1 限制性定语从句 与先行词间的关系非常密切 它所修饰的先行词代表一个、一些或一
类特定的人或物 说明先行词的性质 身份 特征如果去掉则意思含糊不清A doctor is a person who cures patients医生就是治疗病人的人 This is the car which I bought last year
The person who/whom you were looking for is upstairs This is the file which/that he refers to in the discussion yesterday
2 非限制性定语从句 起补充附带说明作用缺少也不会影响全句的理解 前面往往有逗
号隔开that 和why 不能用于非限制性定语从句My house, which I bought last year has got a lovely garden Miss Green, who come to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine
A 6-year-old boy can speak 3 foreign language , which surprises all the people present
四 运用非限制性定语从句的情况
1 当关系代词指代整个主句内容时 the boy didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed his
parents very much the movie is very touching, as most audience say
2 当先行词指代的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时 Hang Zhou, which is a nice
city , attract many visitors Charles Smith, who was my former English teacher, died last year
3 先行词指某人只有一个亲属时 I have an elder brother, who graduated from Peking
university My father, who is a doctor, is very strict with us
4 当出现some many few a few little much most half of which whom 等结
构式 There is too much information on the internet, some of which is unreliable
I earn only 1000 dollars a month , half of which is spent on the rent for apartment .
五 使用定语从句的注意事项
1 只用that 的情况
（1）当先行词是不定代词时He did everything that he could help us
（2）当先行词被（all every no some any little much the only the very the right
the last few just 等修饰时 All the thing that we can do is to give you some advice
This is the very book that I want to buy
（3）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时或先行词本身就是序数词或最高级This is the most
touching story that I have ever read
（4）当先行词即有人又有物时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we learnt the
other day?
（5）当主句是以who which 开头的特殊疑问句who is the person that came to see you
yesterday ? which is the dress that fits me most ?
2 只用which 的情况
（1）关系代词前有介词且指物时the middle school in which I used to study has become a
factory
（2）非限制性定语从句
（3）先行词本身就是that 时I have that which you give me
（4）先行词后有插入语时Here is the English book which, as I have told you , will help
improve your English
3 只用who 不用that 的情况
（1）先行词是指人的不定代词（one ones anyone ）The ones who flatter me don’t please me
（2）先行词是those 时 those who have good manners will be highly respected
（3）在there be 开头的句子中 there is an old man who says he is your uncle
4 介词加关系代词可替代when where why 介词加whom/whose在定语从句中没有
与之对应的替代词 替代when 在定于从句做时间状语 where____地点壮语 why___原因状语 I ’ll never forget the days on which(when)we lived together
This is the town in which(where)he was born
There is no reason for which(why)we don’t attend the party
定语从句
一 概念 担任定语功能的句子叫做定语从句 定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词 故
又称形容词性从句 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词
二 引导词（关系代词和关系副词）
1 关系代词（who whom whose that which） who 在定语从句中做主语 宾语 whom 做宾语
who 表示人且在从句中做主语也可取代whom 在句中做宾语He is the man who picked up my purse yesterday I happened to meet the scientist who/whom I got to know at a conference in the shopping center yesterday 在从句中做介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后面的关系代词只能用whom whose 一般指人但有时也指物 在定语从句中做定语A child whose parents are dead is called orphan please pass me the book whose cover is green=please pass me the book the cover of which is green
Which 一般指物 在句中做主语 宾语定语 如果指人 往往指婴儿或人的品质 The train which has just left is for Xi’an This is the book which you need for the exam
That 用于指人或物 指人时可以与who/whom 互换 指物时可以与which 互换 在从句中做主语宾语表语 但做介词的宾语时不能用 只能用which/whom The sick man that/who/whom Mary is looking after is her father Can you lend me the novel which/that you talked about the other day ?
2 关系副词（when where why）when 指时间 在从句中做时间状语 它的先行词常为time
day morning night week year 有时when 也可和部分介词一起引导定语从句I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane She went to study abroad 2 years ago . since when I haven’t heard from her where 指地点 在从句中做地点壮语 它的先行词通常为place spot street house room city town country This is the hotel where they stayed last month
Why 指原因或理由 它的先行词只有reason 在从句中做原因状语why 也可以省略Is this the reason why she refused to offer help?
That 的用法 that 可以用于表示时间 地点 方式 理由的名词之后取代when where why 和介词+which 其先行词常为the way the time the day the place
The way that/in which one be haves says what type of person he is
It took us 2 years to find a small river with clean water that/where/in which we could see fish 三 定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句） 1 限制性定语从句 与先行词间的关系非常密切 它所修饰的先行词代表一个、一些或一
类特定的人或物 说明先行词的性质 身份 特征如果去掉则意思含糊不清A doctor is a person who cures patients医生就是治疗病人的人 This is the car which I bought last year
The person who/whom you were looking for is upstairs This is the file which/that he refers to in the discussion yesterday
2 非限制性定语从句 起补充附带说明作用缺少也不会影响全句的理解 前面往往有逗
号隔开that 和why 不能用于非限制性定语从句My house, which I bought last year has got a lovely garden Miss Green, who come to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine
A 6-year-old boy can speak 3 foreign language , which surprises all the people present
四 运用非限制性定语从句的情况
1 当关系代词指代整个主句内容时 the boy didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed his
parents very much the movie is very touching, as most audience say
2 当先行词指代的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时 Hang Zhou, which is a nice
city , attract many visitors Charles Smith, who was my former English teacher, died last year
3 先行词指某人只有一个亲属时 I have an elder brother, who graduated from Peking
university My father, who is a doctor, is very strict with us
4 当出现some many few a few little much most half of which whom 等结
构式 There is too much information on the internet, some of which is unreliable
I earn only 1000 dollars a month , half of which is spent on the rent for apartment .
五 使用定语从句的注意事项
1 只用that 的情况
（1）当先行词是不定代词时He did everything that he could help us
（2）当先行词被（all every no some any little much the only the very the right
the last few just 等修饰时 All the thing that we can do is to give you some advice
This is the very book that I want to buy
（3）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时或先行词本身就是序数词或最高级This is the most
touching story that I have ever read
（4）当先行词即有人又有物时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we learnt the
other day?
（5）当主句是以who which 开头的特殊疑问句who is the person that came to see you
yesterday ? which is the dress that fits me most ?
2 只用which 的情况
（1）关系代词前有介词且指物时the middle school in which I used to study has become a
factory
（2）非限制性定语从句
（3）先行词本身就是that 时I have that which you give me
（4）先行词后有插入语时Here is the English book which, as I have told you , will help
improve your English
3 只用who 不用that 的情况
（1）先行词是指人的不定代词（one ones anyone ）The ones who flatter me don’t please me
（2）先行词是those 时 those who have good manners will be highly respected
（3）在there be 开头的句子中 there is an old man who says he is your uncle
4 介词加关系代词可替代when where why 介词加whom/whose在定语从句中没有
与之对应的替代词 替代when 在定于从句做时间状语 where____地点壮语 why___原因状语 I ’ll never forget the days on which(when)we lived together
This is the town in which(where)he was born
There is no reason for which(why)we don’t attend the party