专题十七 宾语从句
一、直接引语变间接引语
1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
1). “一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.
She said “I like playing basketball”. She said that _____ _____ playing basketball .
2). “二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.
She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”. She asked Tom if ___ could have a look at ___ picture .
3). “第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.
She said to me “They want to help me”. She told me that _____ _____ to help me .
宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
1.考查宾语从句的语序 Do you know when __________? A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves
注：若从句是疑问句，但语序不变的有：
1).who在从句中作主语。Can you tell me _________?(谁将来这儿)
2).what’s wrong / the matter ? He asked what was the matter with me .
3).what happened I don’t know what happened yesterday .
4).which is the way to ….? Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?
2.考查宾语从句的引导词
1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。
She said “I’m gald to see you” = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me .
2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether . I’m thinking about ______ to go there . A.if B.whether C.that
3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。
Do you know ________? I’m not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .
A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do
4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就
改为ask /tell sb not to sth .
“Don’t open the door” The teacher said . = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door .
3.宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor . A.what is he B.what he was
C.what he is D.what was he
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态
He asked ____________.A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was
D.what time was it
He told me that he ______ for the sports meet. A.is preparing B.was preparing
C.will prepare D.has prepared 注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
Our teacher said that January__ the first month of the year. /Our teacher said that the earth _(go) around the sun.
2).若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。 Could you tell me _______?A.what he was doing B.what was he doing C.what he is doing D.what is he doing
5.宾语从句的简化：
1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”. I hope I can meet you again ./I hope _____ _____ you again .
2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”. I don’t know what I should do next ./ I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next .
专题十八：定语从句
一、定语从句：更多资料：
1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
只用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).先行词被the only,the very,the last,all,no,little等词修饰,只用that。This is the very book ___ I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that . This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。 He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况，只能用which不用that。
1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。
His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。
1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时,一般用who .Those ____ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
三、定语从句 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语
Is this the house ____ you lived ?= Is this the house ____ ___ you lived ?= Is this the house ___ you lived in ?
2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。When was the last time you saw the parrot ?
3.由why引导的定语从句。先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
四、注意事项：
1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。The story _____ he told was very popular .
A.who B.whom C.whose D. /
2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs ./She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.定语从句中whose 的确定：无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。
判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .A. who B. whose C. which
D. that
专题十七 宾语从句
一、直接引语变间接引语
1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
1). “一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.
She said “I like playing basketball”. She said that _____ _____ playing basketball .
2). “二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.
She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”. She asked Tom if ___ could have a look at ___ picture .
3). “第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.
She said to me “They want to help me”. She told me that _____ _____ to help me .
宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
1.考查宾语从句的语序 Do you know when __________? A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves
注：若从句是疑问句，但语序不变的有：
1).who在从句中作主语。Can you tell me _________?(谁将来这儿)
2).what’s wrong / the matter ? He asked what was the matter with me .
3).what happened I don’t know what happened yesterday .
4).which is the way to ….? Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?
2.考查宾语从句的引导词
1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。
She said “I’m gald to see you” = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me .
2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether . I’m thinking about ______ to go there . A.if B.whether C.that
3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。
Do you know ________? I’m not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .
A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do
4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就
改为ask /tell sb not to sth .
“Don’t open the door” The teacher said . = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door .
3.宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor . A.what is he B.what he was
C.what he is D.what was he
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态
He asked ____________.A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was
D.what time was it
He told me that he ______ for the sports meet. A.is preparing B.was preparing
C.will prepare D.has prepared 注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
Our teacher said that January__ the first month of the year. /Our teacher said that the earth _(go) around the sun.
2).若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。 Could you tell me _______?A.what he was doing B.what was he doing C.what he is doing D.what is he doing
5.宾语从句的简化：
1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”. I hope I can meet you again ./I hope _____ _____ you again .
2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”. I don’t know what I should do next ./ I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next .
专题十八：定语从句
一、定语从句：更多资料：
1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
只用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).先行词被the only,the very,the last,all,no,little等词修饰,只用that。This is the very book ___ I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that . This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。 He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况，只能用which不用that。
1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。
His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。
1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时,一般用who .Those ____ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
三、定语从句 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语
Is this the house ____ you lived ?= Is this the house ____ ___ you lived ?= Is this the house ___ you lived in ?
2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。When was the last time you saw the parrot ?
3.由why引导的定语从句。先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
四、注意事项：
1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。The story _____ he told was very popular .
A.who B.whom C.whose D. /
2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs ./She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.定语从句中whose 的确定：无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。
判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .A. who B. whose C. which
D. that