常和一般现在时连用的动词
表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事：
He starts next week.他下个星期出发。
We leave very soon. 我们很快就离开。
The train starts at 10 o'clock in the morning. 火车将在早上10点开出。
这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start出发，begin开始，arrive到达，take off起飞，等。
? 有些动词，即使表示现在的动作也不能用现在进行时，也只能用一般现在时：
To tell you the truth, I hate to do it. 说实话，我讨厌那样做。
I hope the weather would be fine. 我希望天气会晴朗。
I am looking into the room, and I see a strange man in it.
我朝房间里看，看到了房间里一个陌生的男子。
这类不能用于现在进行时表示正在发生动作的动词有：
1. 表示心理状态的动词
know知道，realize意识到，think (that)认为，suppose (that)料想，doubt怀疑，forget忘记，remember记得，understand明白，regard看待，love爱，like喜欢，prefer偏好，hate讨厌，hope希望，want想要，need需要，wish愿望，等。
2. 表示感觉的动词
see看见，hear听见，find发现，notice注意到，feel觉得等。
3. 表示状态的动词
be是，have有，belong属于，own拥有，possess拥有，suit适合，fit适合，contain包含，depend依靠，smell有……的气味 ，taste有……的味道，seem显得，look显得，appear看来，turn out变成，等。常和一般现在时连用的动词 一般过去时的用法
1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
这种情况常下与“just now刚才，yesterday昨天，last year去年，in 1999在1999年，two days ago两天之前”等表示过去的时间状语连用。
She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 她昨天突然病倒了。
We didn't have classes last week. 上周我们没有上课。
? 一般过去时亦可与“today今天，this week这周，this month这个月，this year今年”等表示现阶段时间状语连用。如：
Did you meet him today? 今天你看见他了吗？
2. 表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作
一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和“often经常，always总是，once a week一周一次”等表示频度的时间状语连用。
I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 我上学时每周去看一场电影。
When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。
? 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，也可以用would+动词原形或用used to加动词原形：
When he was young, he would go skating every winter. 他年轻时每年冬天都要去滑冰。
Mrs Smith used to have a big house in down town. 史密斯夫人在城里曾经有一座大房子。
3. 在条件、时间状语从句中代替一般过去将来时
They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. 他们说只要他们一到达那儿就会马上让我知道的。
He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果下雨他就不去。
4. 用于虚拟语气
If only I were a bird.要是我是只鸟儿就好了。（表示不可能）
Did you wish to see me?你是找我吗？（表示委婉
特殊同位语归纳
特殊同位语归纳
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。基本形式的同位语大家一般不会出错，但有几种同位语，或由于身本结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。
1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语
Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗？
They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。
She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。
2. 不定式用作同位语
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位)
3. -ing分词用作同位语
He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)
4. 形容词用作同位语
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。
【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语
We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。
We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。
They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。
【注】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：
学生每人都有一本词典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
误：The students each has a dictionary.
请比较下面一句（谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语）：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
6. 从句用作同位语（即同位语从句）
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。 1. put down 放下 shut down 把„关上 cut down 砍掉
come down下来、落下 slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down 坐下
write down 写下 get down 下来,降落
2. after all 毕竟.终究 after that 于是.然后 day after day 日复一日地 one after another 相继.挨次 soon after 不久以后
the day after tomorrow 后天
3. come up with 找到、提出 catch up with 赶上 wake up 弄醒、醒来
send up 发射 open up 开设、开办 grow up 长大
pick up 拾起、捡起 hands up 举手 eat up 吃光clean up 打扫干净
give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事
4. arrive at/in + n. 到达 get to +n.到达 reach + n.到达
arrive / get +adv.到达
5. get„back 退还, 送回去.取回 give back 归还 come back 回来 at the back of 在„的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上
6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 at desk 在桌前 at once 立刻,马上at school 在上学 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作at first 起初 be good at=do well in 善长 laugh at 嘲笑 not„at all 一点也不 at night 在晚上 at noon 中午
at the age of // when sb. was„years old 在„岁时
at last / in the end / finally 最后、终于
at the beginning of the twenty-first century在21世纪初
at the end of 在„终点、结尾 at the moment /now 现在
at the foot of在„脚下at Christmas 在圣诞节 at any moment 任何时候 at times(sometimes)有时, 偶尔
at the doctor’s 在医务室 be bad at不善长
7.for example 例如 for ever 永远 be good for 对„有益 be bad for对„有害for long=for a long time 长期 for short 简称 be short for是„的简称
TV is short for “television”
8. come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自, 出生于 come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快 come over 过来 come along 走吧,过来,快点
come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
9.even though=even if 即使、虽然、尽管
10. be pleased with 对„感到满意 be covered with 被„覆盖 be expected to do sth.被期望做某事 be proud of 以„自豪
speak highly of 称赞 be afraid of害怕 hear of听说 (hear from sb.收到某人的来信) of cause=certainly当然可以 plenty of= a lot of许多
11.by the way 顺便说 by oneself 单独,独自 by the end of到„为至 by the time (引起时间状语从句) 到„的时候 one by one依次
by air / plane 乘飞机 by bus / train / car 乘公共汽车/ 火车/轿车 (catch a bus赶公交车get on / off the bus上/下车take a bus to„=go to „by bus乘车去)
12.do / try one’s best 尽力 do one’s homework 做家庭作业
do (the/some) shopping 购物
do the cooking 烹饪 do some cleaning 打扫
do the / some washing洗衣服do sport做运动
do with sb / sth.处理 well done干得好
13.early in the morning 一大早 in the early spring 初春
in my early days 我幼年时期early bus 早班车
14.make a contribution to 贡献给、捐献
make a telephone call to sb. /ring sb. up /give sb. a call /phone sb. 给某人打电话
connect„to„把„与„连接起来 be close to 靠近(某地)
give birth to生(孩子) lose to sb输给sb .
15.either„or„或者„或者.. on either side of the street街道任何一边
(on each side of the street 街道每一边 on both sides of the street街道两边)
16.keep doing sth.不停地做某事 (表示状态继续) keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行) practise doing sth. 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
finish doing sth.做完某事 go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事)
17.go on to do sth.接着做某事(另一 事) go straight along 沿着„一直往前走
go down下降, go for a walk散, go over复习 go shopping买东西, go to the cinema去看电影 go well进展顺利, go off to 动身前往, go out外出, go to work去上班, go up上升, want a go 想试一试
18. think about 考虑 (think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到 think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出) talk about 谈论, worry about 担心, How / What about„?„怎么样?
19.borrow„from „从„借„. (lend„to„把„借给„) from door to door 挨家挨, from time to time 时时 from now on 从今以后 from then on 从那以后 be different from与„不同 learn„from„向„学习
20.get dressed 穿衣 get into进入 get / be lost丢失
get off / on下/上车 get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好 get out of从„出来 get ready for +n.为„做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get / go to sleep (fall asleep) 入睡 (be asleep睡着) get warm 变暧 get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会
21. look for 寻找 wait for 等候 look after=take care of照看 look like看起来像 look over 检查,复习 look out 小心,从里向外看 look the same 看起来一样 look up 向上看,查单词, look around 环视 look forward to 期望 look through 温习,检查
22. set off 出发、动身 put off 推迟 keep off 避开、不靠近„ drop off 放下(某物) turn off 关 jump off 跳离, take off 脱(衣) (飞机)起飞
23. half a kilo 半千克 half an hour 半小时 in half 分成两半
half of the day 半天
24. do eye exercises 做眼保健操 do morning exercises 做早操 take (more) exercise (多)参加体育锻炼 an exercise book 练习本
25. take part in 参加 hand in 上交 in hospital 住院 in surprise 吃惊地 in the sun 在阳光下 in trouble 处于困境 in a minute / moment 马上
26. leave for„ 动身去某地
27 feed on 以„为主食 live on 继续活着 base on 以„为根据 carry on 坚持、继续下去and so on 等等 on the other hand 另一方面 on foot 步行
28. be famous for 以..著名
be excited about +n./V-ing 对„感到兴奋
be interested in 对„感兴趣 be born出生 be busy with sth.— be busy doing sth. 忙于 „
be amazed at 对..感到惊讶
29. move away 移开 move to (搬)移到
30. search the Internet上网
31. make sure 确信 make a dialogue 编对话 make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 由于疏忽 make a noise 吵闹 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends (with) 和..交朋友 make room for 给..让地方 make tea 沏茶 make money 赚钱 make a decision作出决定
32.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
33. leave sth+介词短语 “把„„忘记在某处”
34.forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
decide to do sth.决定做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
35.hear sb. to do (doing)sth. 听见某人做某事
36.help sb. (to) do sth .//help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
with one’s help在某人的帮助下 with pleasure 乐意
37.the summer holiday(s) 暑假 the winter holiday(s)寒假
38.step into 走进 pour into 倒入„
39.in the first 第一 for the first time 第一次 at first起初 a firs t language 母语 first of all 首先
40. leave a message for sb. 给某人留条 give / take sb. a message 给某人捎口信
41. take photos / pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出 work out 算出 take care 当心 take medicine 服药 take one’s temperature 量体温 take one’s time 别着急 take a walk 散步 take place 发生
42. learn by oneself / teach oneself 自学 learn by heart 背熟
43. a year and a half (one and a half years ) 一年半
44. have a try 尝试,努力 try out 尝试、试验 find out / about 找出,查明 have a good / wonderful / great / time 玩得开心
have a (bad) cold (重)感冒 have a meeting / walk / watch 开会/散步/比赛 have sports 进行体育活动
have nothing / sth. to do with 与..无(有)关 have no idea 不知道 have (one’s) medicine 服药
45. offer sb sth. 某人提供某物
46.win first prize 获一等奖
47.all over the world= around the world =throughout the world 全世界
48. all kinds of 各种各样的
49. neither„ nor 既不„也不„.
50. not only „ but also „不但„而且 , both„ and „„和„都
51. the more , the better 越多越好
52. all one’s life 一生
53. as soon as 一„就„ as soon as possible 尽可能早地、尽快
as well = too 也as much as 至多 as little as 至少 regard „as 把„当作„ as if 好像
54. no matter 无论„
55 ever since 从那以后,此后一直
56.so far 到目前为止 or so大约
57. another two hours (=two more hours ) 又(再) 2个小时
58. three times a week 一周三次
59. the number of „的数量 a (large / good) number of / large numbers of / many 许多
60.less than 少于 less and less 越来越少
61.„is another way of saying „什么是..的另一说法
Quick is another way of saying fast. Bike is short for bicycle.
62. not„until„直到„才„
63.be like像 feel like +n./V-ing 想要 like best 最喜欢
would like to 想要
64.the 24 hour clock 24小时制
65.wash away 冲走 run away逃跑 take away 带走
66.before long 不久 long before / ago 很久以前
for long =for a long time 长期
no longer = not. .any longer 不再
67.more or less = about 或多或少 大约more than = over 多于,超过
68.every year 每年 every four years 每隔四年 every other day 每隔一天 everyday English / life 日常英语/生活
69. next to 紧挨着 next door 隔壁,邻居 next year 明年 next time 下次
70.receive / get / have a letter from sb. = hear from sb 收到某人的来信
71.on show = on display 展览
72.be filled with / be full of 充满„
73. thank to =because of 由于
74.some day =one day (将来)某一天 all day 终日 day and night 日日夜夜
in a day or two 一两天内 in the old days 从前,旧社会
from day to day (day after day)日复一日
the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天
Tree Planting Day植树节 Women’s Day 妇女节
75. keep / stop / prevent„ (from) doing sth. 防止(阻止)„做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
76.nice and +adj. = very +adj.很,非常
77. a place (places) of interest 名胜
78.three quarters of the information on the Internet 因特网上四分之三的信息 two thirds of the books三分之二的书
79. credit card
80. the increasing population 增长着的人口
81 a path of travel 旅行路线
82. point at / to 指向
83. by sea = by ship 乘船 by the sea = on the sea 在海边 at sea在海上
84. set one’s mind to do sth. 一心想做某事
85 .multiply„by„ 乘以„
86. See you! 再见 You see. 你知道你明白, 你瞧 Let me see.让我想想see sb. Off 给某人送行 see a / the doctor 看病 see sb . do / doing sth. 看见某人做某事
87 some„others 一些(人,物)„其他(人,物)
one„another一个..另一个(三者或以上 )
one„the other一个„另一个(总数二个)
88. be worn out 穿旧，磨坏 check out 核实，检查 write out 写出 take sth. out of 从„拿出/取出某物
89. in this way 用这种方法
in a few year’s time 几年以后 in space 在太空
in and out of class 在课内课外 in the second half 在下半场
in the last fifteen minutes 在最后十五分钟里
later in one’s life 在某人后半身
in the air 在空中 in the open air 在户外
90.give sb. an injection 给某人打针 get an injection打针
91.have been to 去过某地 have gone to 到某地去了
92.here + be+ 名词+ for+某人 ( Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信.)
93.be far behind +某人 (He is far behind others. 他落后于别人)
94. one of + adj.最高级+复数名词
95. take +某物+with +某人 (You’d better take an umbrella with you.你最好带上雨伞)
96. prefer to= like„better than宁愿,更喜欢
prefer + V-ing (to do sth.) ( I prefer doing (to do) it myself .我喜欢自己做那件事).
Would / should等情态动词 + prefer +不定式. (I would prefer to do it myself.我宁愿自己做那件事) , prefer +名词(v-ing) + to+名词 (v-ing) (I prefer learning English to playing football.我愿意学英语而不愿踢足球) ;
prefer +不定式(名词)+ rather than + 不带to的不定式, (I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我喜欢走着去那里,而不愿乘车) , prefer + 名词(代词) to do sth. (We prefer her not to come.我们宁愿她不来)
97. 人+ spend +time (money) +(in) doing sth.
(I spent over two hours (in) finishing my homework. 我花了两个多小时完成家庭作业.)
人 + spend + time (money) + on +名词,
(He spent 1,000 on the TV set .他花了一千元买电视机).
人 + pay + money +for +sth.
( He paid ten yuan for the book .他花了10元钱买那本书.)
It + takes (will take, / took„) + sb. + time (money) + to do sth. (It’ll take you only ten minutes to get there by bus.乘车去那里只花你10分钟).
物+ cost + (sb.) + money, (The dictionary cost me 20 yuan .我花20元钱买了那本词典)
98. do with + sb. / sth. (What have you done with the pork ? 那些肉你怎么处理了?)
99. mind + if 从句, (Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不反对吧?) mind + V-ing, (Would you mind turning on the TV?打开电视你不反对吧?)
100. what„for? / why„? (What do you learn English for? = Why do you learn English?)
101. need + 名词 (v-ing), (The students need some help.学生们需要帮助.This pair of shoes needs mending.这双鞋需要修理)
102. “be used for+ 名词(v-ing),”被用来做..
(A writing brush is used for writing.)
“be used as+名词”, 被作为„使用
(English is used as the first language in none of these countries. ) “be used by+动作执行者”, 被„使用,
103.be made of 由„制造 (This table is made of wood .这张课桌是木制的)
be made from由„制成 (This kind of paper is made from wood . 这种纸是用木材制成的)
be made in+地点, “某地制造”(These cars are made in Germany) be made by+人, “由谁制造的” (This kite is made by Kate . ) 104. more developed countries 发达国家 less developed countries 不发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家
105.be worth + money (V-ing), 值„钱.值得做„
This car is worth more than two million yuan in China. This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读.
106. the Summer Palace 颐和园 Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场 the Palace Museum 故宫the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂 the Temple of Heaven 天坛 the Great Green Wall 绿色长城
PLA 中国人民解放军 PRC 中华人民共和国
the Party 中国共产党 the League 共青团 Peking Opera 京剧
107 a digital camera 数字照相机 a doctor for animals = an animal doctor 动物医生
108. so + 形/副+that 从句
(The place is so cold that nothing can grow in winter.这地方太冷，冬天什么都不长)
so + many / few+ 复数名词 +that从句
(He has so many books that I don’t know which one to borrow. 他有那么多书,我不知道借哪一本)
so + much / little+ 不可数名词+that从句
(She has so little money that she can’t buy anything .她钱太少,什么也买不到.)
so+ 形容词 +a / an +单数名词 +that从句
(This is so good a book that all of us like reading it ) ,
such +a / an+ 形容词+单数名词+ that从句
(This is such an interesting story that all of us like it) , such +形容词+复数名词+that从句.
such +形容词+不可数名词+that从句
It is such fine weather today that many children are playing outside)
109 .tell sb about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
tell sb+从句 tell sb. to do sth.让某人做某事
tell a lie 说谎 tell a story 讲故事
thank you for +n ./V-ing 谢谢你
„ too +adj. / adv. + to + v.太„而不能
too much (修饰名词)太多,过分
much too(修饰adj./adv.)太
110. hope / wish+不定式(或从句),
wish sb. to do sth.
What do you mean by„?= What does„ mean?„是什么意思?
常和一般现在时连用的动词
表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事：
He starts next week.他下个星期出发。
We leave very soon. 我们很快就离开。
The train starts at 10 o'clock in the morning. 火车将在早上10点开出。
这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start出发，begin开始，arrive到达，take off起飞，等。
? 有些动词，即使表示现在的动作也不能用现在进行时，也只能用一般现在时：
To tell you the truth, I hate to do it. 说实话，我讨厌那样做。
I hope the weather would be fine. 我希望天气会晴朗。
I am looking into the room, and I see a strange man in it.
我朝房间里看，看到了房间里一个陌生的男子。
这类不能用于现在进行时表示正在发生动作的动词有：
1. 表示心理状态的动词
know知道，realize意识到，think (that)认为，suppose (that)料想，doubt怀疑，forget忘记，remember记得，understand明白，regard看待，love爱，like喜欢，prefer偏好，hate讨厌，hope希望，want想要，need需要，wish愿望，等。
2. 表示感觉的动词
see看见，hear听见，find发现，notice注意到，feel觉得等。
3. 表示状态的动词
be是，have有，belong属于，own拥有，possess拥有，suit适合，fit适合，contain包含，depend依靠，smell有……的气味 ，taste有……的味道，seem显得，look显得，appear看来，turn out变成，等。常和一般现在时连用的动词 一般过去时的用法
1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
这种情况常下与“just now刚才，yesterday昨天，last year去年，in 1999在1999年，two days ago两天之前”等表示过去的时间状语连用。
She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 她昨天突然病倒了。
We didn't have classes last week. 上周我们没有上课。
? 一般过去时亦可与“today今天，this week这周，this month这个月，this year今年”等表示现阶段时间状语连用。如：
Did you meet him today? 今天你看见他了吗？
2. 表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作
一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和“often经常，always总是，once a week一周一次”等表示频度的时间状语连用。
I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 我上学时每周去看一场电影。
When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。
? 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，也可以用would+动词原形或用used to加动词原形：
When he was young, he would go skating every winter. 他年轻时每年冬天都要去滑冰。
Mrs Smith used to have a big house in down town. 史密斯夫人在城里曾经有一座大房子。
3. 在条件、时间状语从句中代替一般过去将来时
They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. 他们说只要他们一到达那儿就会马上让我知道的。
He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果下雨他就不去。
4. 用于虚拟语气
If only I were a bird.要是我是只鸟儿就好了。（表示不可能）
Did you wish to see me?你是找我吗？（表示委婉
特殊同位语归纳
特殊同位语归纳
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。基本形式的同位语大家一般不会出错，但有几种同位语，或由于身本结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。
1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语
Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗？
They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。
She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。
2. 不定式用作同位语
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位)
3. -ing分词用作同位语
He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)
4. 形容词用作同位语
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。
【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语
We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。
We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。
They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。
【注】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：
学生每人都有一本词典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
误：The students each has a dictionary.
请比较下面一句（谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语）：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
6. 从句用作同位语（即同位语从句）
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。 1. put down 放下 shut down 把„关上 cut down 砍掉
come down下来、落下 slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down 坐下
write down 写下 get down 下来,降落
2. after all 毕竟.终究 after that 于是.然后 day after day 日复一日地 one after another 相继.挨次 soon after 不久以后
the day after tomorrow 后天
3. come up with 找到、提出 catch up with 赶上 wake up 弄醒、醒来
send up 发射 open up 开设、开办 grow up 长大
pick up 拾起、捡起 hands up 举手 eat up 吃光clean up 打扫干净
give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事
4. arrive at/in + n. 到达 get to +n.到达 reach + n.到达
arrive / get +adv.到达
5. get„back 退还, 送回去.取回 give back 归还 come back 回来 at the back of 在„的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上
6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 at desk 在桌前 at once 立刻,马上at school 在上学 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作at first 起初 be good at=do well in 善长 laugh at 嘲笑 not„at all 一点也不 at night 在晚上 at noon 中午
at the age of // when sb. was„years old 在„岁时
at last / in the end / finally 最后、终于
at the beginning of the twenty-first century在21世纪初
at the end of 在„终点、结尾 at the moment /now 现在
at the foot of在„脚下at Christmas 在圣诞节 at any moment 任何时候 at times(sometimes)有时, 偶尔
at the doctor’s 在医务室 be bad at不善长
7.for example 例如 for ever 永远 be good for 对„有益 be bad for对„有害for long=for a long time 长期 for short 简称 be short for是„的简称
TV is short for “television”
8. come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自, 出生于 come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快 come over 过来 come along 走吧,过来,快点
come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
9.even though=even if 即使、虽然、尽管
10. be pleased with 对„感到满意 be covered with 被„覆盖 be expected to do sth.被期望做某事 be proud of 以„自豪
speak highly of 称赞 be afraid of害怕 hear of听说 (hear from sb.收到某人的来信) of cause=certainly当然可以 plenty of= a lot of许多
11.by the way 顺便说 by oneself 单独,独自 by the end of到„为至 by the time (引起时间状语从句) 到„的时候 one by one依次
by air / plane 乘飞机 by bus / train / car 乘公共汽车/ 火车/轿车 (catch a bus赶公交车get on / off the bus上/下车take a bus to„=go to „by bus乘车去)
12.do / try one’s best 尽力 do one’s homework 做家庭作业
do (the/some) shopping 购物
do the cooking 烹饪 do some cleaning 打扫
do the / some washing洗衣服do sport做运动
do with sb / sth.处理 well done干得好
13.early in the morning 一大早 in the early spring 初春
in my early days 我幼年时期early bus 早班车
14.make a contribution to 贡献给、捐献
make a telephone call to sb. /ring sb. up /give sb. a call /phone sb. 给某人打电话
connect„to„把„与„连接起来 be close to 靠近(某地)
give birth to生(孩子) lose to sb输给sb .
15.either„or„或者„或者.. on either side of the street街道任何一边
(on each side of the street 街道每一边 on both sides of the street街道两边)
16.keep doing sth.不停地做某事 (表示状态继续) keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行) practise doing sth. 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
finish doing sth.做完某事 go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事)
17.go on to do sth.接着做某事(另一 事) go straight along 沿着„一直往前走
go down下降, go for a walk散, go over复习 go shopping买东西, go to the cinema去看电影 go well进展顺利, go off to 动身前往, go out外出, go to work去上班, go up上升, want a go 想试一试
18. think about 考虑 (think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到 think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出) talk about 谈论, worry about 担心, How / What about„?„怎么样?
19.borrow„from „从„借„. (lend„to„把„借给„) from door to door 挨家挨, from time to time 时时 from now on 从今以后 from then on 从那以后 be different from与„不同 learn„from„向„学习
20.get dressed 穿衣 get into进入 get / be lost丢失
get off / on下/上车 get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好 get out of从„出来 get ready for +n.为„做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get / go to sleep (fall asleep) 入睡 (be asleep睡着) get warm 变暧 get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会
21. look for 寻找 wait for 等候 look after=take care of照看 look like看起来像 look over 检查,复习 look out 小心,从里向外看 look the same 看起来一样 look up 向上看,查单词, look around 环视 look forward to 期望 look through 温习,检查
22. set off 出发、动身 put off 推迟 keep off 避开、不靠近„ drop off 放下(某物) turn off 关 jump off 跳离, take off 脱(衣) (飞机)起飞
23. half a kilo 半千克 half an hour 半小时 in half 分成两半
half of the day 半天
24. do eye exercises 做眼保健操 do morning exercises 做早操 take (more) exercise (多)参加体育锻炼 an exercise book 练习本
25. take part in 参加 hand in 上交 in hospital 住院 in surprise 吃惊地 in the sun 在阳光下 in trouble 处于困境 in a minute / moment 马上
26. leave for„ 动身去某地
27 feed on 以„为主食 live on 继续活着 base on 以„为根据 carry on 坚持、继续下去and so on 等等 on the other hand 另一方面 on foot 步行
28. be famous for 以..著名
be excited about +n./V-ing 对„感到兴奋
be interested in 对„感兴趣 be born出生 be busy with sth.— be busy doing sth. 忙于 „
be amazed at 对..感到惊讶
29. move away 移开 move to (搬)移到
30. search the Internet上网
31. make sure 确信 make a dialogue 编对话 make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 由于疏忽 make a noise 吵闹 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends (with) 和..交朋友 make room for 给..让地方 make tea 沏茶 make money 赚钱 make a decision作出决定
32.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
33. leave sth+介词短语 “把„„忘记在某处”
34.forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
decide to do sth.决定做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
35.hear sb. to do (doing)sth. 听见某人做某事
36.help sb. (to) do sth .//help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
with one’s help在某人的帮助下 with pleasure 乐意
37.the summer holiday(s) 暑假 the winter holiday(s)寒假
38.step into 走进 pour into 倒入„
39.in the first 第一 for the first time 第一次 at first起初 a firs t language 母语 first of all 首先
40. leave a message for sb. 给某人留条 give / take sb. a message 给某人捎口信
41. take photos / pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出 work out 算出 take care 当心 take medicine 服药 take one’s temperature 量体温 take one’s time 别着急 take a walk 散步 take place 发生
42. learn by oneself / teach oneself 自学 learn by heart 背熟
43. a year and a half (one and a half years ) 一年半
44. have a try 尝试,努力 try out 尝试、试验 find out / about 找出,查明 have a good / wonderful / great / time 玩得开心
have a (bad) cold (重)感冒 have a meeting / walk / watch 开会/散步/比赛 have sports 进行体育活动
have nothing / sth. to do with 与..无(有)关 have no idea 不知道 have (one’s) medicine 服药
45. offer sb sth. 某人提供某物
46.win first prize 获一等奖
47.all over the world= around the world =throughout the world 全世界
48. all kinds of 各种各样的
49. neither„ nor 既不„也不„.
50. not only „ but also „不但„而且 , both„ and „„和„都
51. the more , the better 越多越好
52. all one’s life 一生
53. as soon as 一„就„ as soon as possible 尽可能早地、尽快
as well = too 也as much as 至多 as little as 至少 regard „as 把„当作„ as if 好像
54. no matter 无论„
55 ever since 从那以后,此后一直
56.so far 到目前为止 or so大约
57. another two hours (=two more hours ) 又(再) 2个小时
58. three times a week 一周三次
59. the number of „的数量 a (large / good) number of / large numbers of / many 许多
60.less than 少于 less and less 越来越少
61.„is another way of saying „什么是..的另一说法
Quick is another way of saying fast. Bike is short for bicycle.
62. not„until„直到„才„
63.be like像 feel like +n./V-ing 想要 like best 最喜欢
would like to 想要
64.the 24 hour clock 24小时制
65.wash away 冲走 run away逃跑 take away 带走
66.before long 不久 long before / ago 很久以前
for long =for a long time 长期
no longer = not. .any longer 不再
67.more or less = about 或多或少 大约more than = over 多于,超过
68.every year 每年 every four years 每隔四年 every other day 每隔一天 everyday English / life 日常英语/生活
69. next to 紧挨着 next door 隔壁,邻居 next year 明年 next time 下次
70.receive / get / have a letter from sb. = hear from sb 收到某人的来信
71.on show = on display 展览
72.be filled with / be full of 充满„
73. thank to =because of 由于
74.some day =one day (将来)某一天 all day 终日 day and night 日日夜夜
in a day or two 一两天内 in the old days 从前,旧社会
from day to day (day after day)日复一日
the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天
Tree Planting Day植树节 Women’s Day 妇女节
75. keep / stop / prevent„ (from) doing sth. 防止(阻止)„做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
76.nice and +adj. = very +adj.很,非常
77. a place (places) of interest 名胜
78.three quarters of the information on the Internet 因特网上四分之三的信息 two thirds of the books三分之二的书
79. credit card
80. the increasing population 增长着的人口
81 a path of travel 旅行路线
82. point at / to 指向
83. by sea = by ship 乘船 by the sea = on the sea 在海边 at sea在海上
84. set one’s mind to do sth. 一心想做某事
85 .multiply„by„ 乘以„
86. See you! 再见 You see. 你知道你明白, 你瞧 Let me see.让我想想see sb. Off 给某人送行 see a / the doctor 看病 see sb . do / doing sth. 看见某人做某事
87 some„others 一些(人,物)„其他(人,物)
one„another一个..另一个(三者或以上 )
one„the other一个„另一个(总数二个)
88. be worn out 穿旧，磨坏 check out 核实，检查 write out 写出 take sth. out of 从„拿出/取出某物
89. in this way 用这种方法
in a few year’s time 几年以后 in space 在太空
in and out of class 在课内课外 in the second half 在下半场
in the last fifteen minutes 在最后十五分钟里
later in one’s life 在某人后半身
in the air 在空中 in the open air 在户外
90.give sb. an injection 给某人打针 get an injection打针
91.have been to 去过某地 have gone to 到某地去了
92.here + be+ 名词+ for+某人 ( Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信.)
93.be far behind +某人 (He is far behind others. 他落后于别人)
94. one of + adj.最高级+复数名词
95. take +某物+with +某人 (You’d better take an umbrella with you.你最好带上雨伞)
96. prefer to= like„better than宁愿,更喜欢
prefer + V-ing (to do sth.) ( I prefer doing (to do) it myself .我喜欢自己做那件事).
Would / should等情态动词 + prefer +不定式. (I would prefer to do it myself.我宁愿自己做那件事) , prefer +名词(v-ing) + to+名词 (v-ing) (I prefer learning English to playing football.我愿意学英语而不愿踢足球) ;
prefer +不定式(名词)+ rather than + 不带to的不定式, (I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我喜欢走着去那里,而不愿乘车) , prefer + 名词(代词) to do sth. (We prefer her not to come.我们宁愿她不来)
97. 人+ spend +time (money) +(in) doing sth.
(I spent over two hours (in) finishing my homework. 我花了两个多小时完成家庭作业.)
人 + spend + time (money) + on +名词,
(He spent 1,000 on the TV set .他花了一千元买电视机).
人 + pay + money +for +sth.
( He paid ten yuan for the book .他花了10元钱买那本书.)
It + takes (will take, / took„) + sb. + time (money) + to do sth. (It’ll take you only ten minutes to get there by bus.乘车去那里只花你10分钟).
物+ cost + (sb.) + money, (The dictionary cost me 20 yuan .我花20元钱买了那本词典)
98. do with + sb. / sth. (What have you done with the pork ? 那些肉你怎么处理了?)
99. mind + if 从句, (Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不反对吧?) mind + V-ing, (Would you mind turning on the TV?打开电视你不反对吧?)
100. what„for? / why„? (What do you learn English for? = Why do you learn English?)
101. need + 名词 (v-ing), (The students need some help.学生们需要帮助.This pair of shoes needs mending.这双鞋需要修理)
102. “be used for+ 名词(v-ing),”被用来做..
(A writing brush is used for writing.)
“be used as+名词”, 被作为„使用
(English is used as the first language in none of these countries. ) “be used by+动作执行者”, 被„使用,
103.be made of 由„制造 (This table is made of wood .这张课桌是木制的)
be made from由„制成 (This kind of paper is made from wood . 这种纸是用木材制成的)
be made in+地点, “某地制造”(These cars are made in Germany) be made by+人, “由谁制造的” (This kite is made by Kate . ) 104. more developed countries 发达国家 less developed countries 不发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家
105.be worth + money (V-ing), 值„钱.值得做„
This car is worth more than two million yuan in China. This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读.
106. the Summer Palace 颐和园 Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场 the Palace Museum 故宫the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂 the Temple of Heaven 天坛 the Great Green Wall 绿色长城
PLA 中国人民解放军 PRC 中华人民共和国
the Party 中国共产党 the League 共青团 Peking Opera 京剧
107 a digital camera 数字照相机 a doctor for animals = an animal doctor 动物医生
108. so + 形/副+that 从句
(The place is so cold that nothing can grow in winter.这地方太冷，冬天什么都不长)
so + many / few+ 复数名词 +that从句
(He has so many books that I don’t know which one to borrow. 他有那么多书,我不知道借哪一本)
so + much / little+ 不可数名词+that从句
(She has so little money that she can’t buy anything .她钱太少,什么也买不到.)
so+ 形容词 +a / an +单数名词 +that从句
(This is so good a book that all of us like reading it ) ,
such +a / an+ 形容词+单数名词+ that从句
(This is such an interesting story that all of us like it) , such +形容词+复数名词+that从句.
such +形容词+不可数名词+that从句
It is such fine weather today that many children are playing outside)
109 .tell sb about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
tell sb+从句 tell sb. to do sth.让某人做某事
tell a lie 说谎 tell a story 讲故事
thank you for +n ./V-ing 谢谢你
„ too +adj. / adv. + to + v.太„而不能
too much (修饰名词)太多,过分
much too(修饰adj./adv.)太
110. hope / wish+不定式(或从句),
wish sb. to do sth.
What do you mean by„?= What does„ mean?„是什么意思?