、非谓语动词种类及句法功能
（一）概述：
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.
（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：
二、非谓语动词用法：
（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不
定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with? 如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here.
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
（7）作独立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1．动名词的形式：
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
（3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
（4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
（5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2．动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
（2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
（3）作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent„(from),keep „from, stop„（from）,protect„from, set about, be engaged in, spend„(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
（4）作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
（5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
（三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2．现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
（3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。 ③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
（四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1．过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2．过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别： The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4．过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件） Though told of the danger, he still risked his life
1.(2011全国卷A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen
2.(2011全国卷II,15) The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined
3.(2011全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful,______nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying
4.（2011北京卷,25）It’s important for the figures regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated
5.（2011北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, feet.
A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept
6.（2011天津卷,7）the plane.
A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
7.（2011天津卷,12）______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated
8.（2011上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, ______ newly cleaned and polished.
A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking
9.（2011上海春招,36）_____ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened
10.（2011上海春招,40）Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars ______ as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working
11.(2011山东卷,27) Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path ____up to the house.
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
12.（2011江苏卷,31）Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared
13.（2011福建卷,23）Tsinghua University, 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded
14.（2011福建卷,27）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold
15.（2011安徽卷, 30）Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier __ into small pieces.
A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break
16.(2011浙江卷,3) Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some ________a life span of around 20 years. A.having B had C. have D. to have
17.(2011浙江卷,14) Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ____for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
18.(2011浙江卷,19) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city_____by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered
19.（2011四川卷,2）Ladex does’t feel likeA. study B. studying C. studied D.to study
20.（2011四川卷,11）the little sick bird till it could fly.
D.to keep
become famous.
A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer
22.（2011重庆卷,29）More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety.
A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised
23.（2011重庆卷,33）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind
24.（2011陕西卷,14）Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.
A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked
25.（2011陕西卷,20） More highways have been built in China,_______it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
26.（2011湖南卷,21）The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself
A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed
27.（2011湖南卷,23）The players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .
A selecting B to select C selected D having selected
28.（2011湖南卷,29）Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
29.(2011辽宁卷,30) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering
30.（2011江西卷32）On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office.
B.said C.saying D.to say
to read fast.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
(2004广东) 32.________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed (2004天津) 33.Don't leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
(2004浙江)34.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
(04全国III)35.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures________ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
(04全国II)36.When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
(04全国II)37."We can't go out in this weather," said Bob, ________ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
(04全国IV) 38.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
(04全国IV)39.Alice returned from the manager's office, ________me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling
(04辽宁)40.I don't know whether you happen ______, but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
(04江苏)41.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
(04北京)42._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
(04福建)43.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _______ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
(04辽宁)44.________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
(04上海)45.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
(04上海)46.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
47. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________in the
natural light during the day. [2007 天津卷]
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
48. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____[2007 浙江卷]
A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard
49. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. [2007 浙江卷]
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
50. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. [2007 重庆卷]
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
51. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. [2007 辽宁卷]
A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break
52. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. [2007 辽宁卷]
A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking
53._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
54. ___ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
55. –Did the book give the information you needed?–Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding
56. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society.
A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
57. ______ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited
58. – Who should be responsible for the accident?
– The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _____.
A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told
59. the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search
60. The trees ___ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D to blow down
61. the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. to complete
62、（山东26）. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told
63、（江西33）. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
64、（江西35）. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.
A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered
65、（辽宁25）. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.
A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows
66、（四川12.） Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.
A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash
67、（浙江8）. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ____ his job.
A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit
68、（浙江11）. “It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _____ for customers.
A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved
69、（江苏31）. ______an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base
70.（2013新课标1） The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ____.
A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not
71.（2013新课标1）hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown
72.（2013新课标卷2） the 7:30 train from Paddington
A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught
73.（2013安徽卷）in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded
74.（2013湖南卷）The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.
A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed
75.（2013湖南卷）You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.
A. offering B. to offer C. having offered D. offered
76.（2013湖南卷）Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
77.（2013湖南卷）________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay
78.（2013湖南卷）— I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. — I am so sorry，but I________ my homework.
A. had done B. was doing C. would do D. am doing
79.（2013江西卷）If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked
80.（2013重庆卷）When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ___me stories till I fell asleep,
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
82.（2013山东卷）The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.
A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood
83.（2013山东卷）I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
84.（2013山东卷）________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating
85.（2013陕西卷）that we will go all out to help them.
A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood
86.（2013陕西卷）by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned
87.（2013全国卷大纲版） the 7:30 train from Paddington A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught
88.（2013辽宁卷）Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a
pile of mail ______for her.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting
89.（2013江苏卷）the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set
90.（2013江苏卷）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced
91.（2013北京卷） lives, including your own.
A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change
92（2013北京卷） the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found
93.（2013北京卷）with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked
94. (2013浙江卷)There are some health problems that, when ___ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated
B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have
A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known
A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed
97.（2013天津卷） in daily conversations. A. using B. to use C. having used D. used
98. (2013福建卷)_____basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known
99. (2013福建卷)Anyone, once______ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 100.(2013浙江卷)_______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
七、非谓语动词
101(2014安徽卷)27．My good performance in the job interview left me ______ about my future and about what I can do here. A. puzzled B. sensitive C. optimistic D. embarrassed
102(2014安徽卷)32．While waiting for the opportunity to get______, Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote
103(2014山东卷)6. There is a note pinned to the door______when the shop will open again.
A. saying B. says C. said D. having said
104(2014山东卷)9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.
A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs
105(2014北京卷)25. Last night, there were millions of people ______ the opening ceremony live on TV.
A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching
106(2014北京卷)28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved
107(2014北京卷)35. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized
108(2014福建卷)27. ______ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend
109(2014福建卷)30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying______. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected
110(2014湖南卷)21.Children，when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C. accompanying D. accompanied
111(2014湖南卷)23. ____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 112(2014湖南卷)27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ______ at the night sky. A. to stare B. staring C.
stared D. having stared
113(2014湖南卷)35. ______ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. A. Having freed B. Freed C. To
free D. Freeing
114(2014江苏卷)29. His lecture______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given
115(2014江西卷)26. When it comes to ______ in public , no one can match him .
A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken
116(2014江西卷)31. ______ nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent
117(2014江西卷)34. He is thought ______ foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .
A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted
118(2014全国大纲卷)23. Toady there are more airplanes ______ more people than ever before in the skies.
A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying
119(2014陕西卷)12. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ______ for a swim?
A. to go B. going C go D. having gone
120(2014陕西卷)20. ______ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times
A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out
121(2014四川卷)5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.
A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop
122(2014四川卷)7. —I hope to take the computer course. —Good idea. ______ more about it, visit this website.
A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out C. Having found out 123(2014天津卷)5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ____ it didn’t fit.
A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found
124(2014天津卷)7. Clearly and thoughtfully______, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written 125(2014浙江卷)14. Amie Salmon, disable, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ______ to guard her.
A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 126(2014重庆卷)5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ to our shop for quality problems.
A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned
127(2014重庆卷)11. Group activities will be organized after class ______ children develop team spirit.
A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help
1-5BCDAB 6-10 ABCAC 11-15 ABCDD 16-20 ABCBD 21-25 CACDA 26-30 CCCCC 31-35 C C B B C 36-40B A C D D 41-45 DC. D. B. C 46-50BBAA B 51-55 CDBAA 56-60CCADBD 61-65DACBB66-70ADDBB 71-75ADCBD 76-80 ACBAB 81-85 BACAB 86-90 ADCDC 91-95DDAAA 96-100BDCCA
101-105CBACD106-110DBCAD111-115ABCDB116-120ABBBC121-125CAACC126-127BD
、非谓语动词种类及句法功能
（一）概述：
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.
（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：
二、非谓语动词用法：
（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不
定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with? 如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here.
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
（7）作独立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1．动名词的形式：
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
（3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
（4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
（5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2．动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
（2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
（3）作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent„(from),keep „from, stop„（from）,protect„from, set about, be engaged in, spend„(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
（4）作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
（5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
（三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2．现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
（3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。 ③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
（四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1．过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2．过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别： The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4．过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件） Though told of the danger, he still risked his life
1.(2011全国卷A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen
2.(2011全国卷II,15) The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined
3.(2011全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful,______nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying
4.（2011北京卷,25）It’s important for the figures regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated
5.（2011北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, feet.
A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept
6.（2011天津卷,7）the plane.
A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
7.（2011天津卷,12）______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated
8.（2011上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, ______ newly cleaned and polished.
A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking
9.（2011上海春招,36）_____ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened
10.（2011上海春招,40）Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars ______ as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working
11.(2011山东卷,27) Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path ____up to the house.
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
12.（2011江苏卷,31）Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared
13.（2011福建卷,23）Tsinghua University, 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded
14.（2011福建卷,27）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold
15.（2011安徽卷, 30）Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier __ into small pieces.
A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break
16.(2011浙江卷,3) Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some ________a life span of around 20 years. A.having B had C. have D. to have
17.(2011浙江卷,14) Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ____for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
18.(2011浙江卷,19) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city_____by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered
19.（2011四川卷,2）Ladex does’t feel likeA. study B. studying C. studied D.to study
20.（2011四川卷,11）the little sick bird till it could fly.
D.to keep
become famous.
A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer
22.（2011重庆卷,29）More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety.
A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised
23.（2011重庆卷,33）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind
24.（2011陕西卷,14）Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.
A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked
25.（2011陕西卷,20） More highways have been built in China,_______it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
26.（2011湖南卷,21）The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself
A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed
27.（2011湖南卷,23）The players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .
A selecting B to select C selected D having selected
28.（2011湖南卷,29）Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
29.(2011辽宁卷,30) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering
30.（2011江西卷32）On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office.
B.said C.saying D.to say
to read fast.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
(2004广东) 32.________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed (2004天津) 33.Don't leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
(2004浙江)34.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
(04全国III)35.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures________ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
(04全国II)36.When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
(04全国II)37."We can't go out in this weather," said Bob, ________ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
(04全国IV) 38.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
(04全国IV)39.Alice returned from the manager's office, ________me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling
(04辽宁)40.I don't know whether you happen ______, but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
(04江苏)41.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
(04北京)42._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
(04福建)43.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _______ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
(04辽宁)44.________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
(04上海)45.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
(04上海)46.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
47. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________in the
natural light during the day. [2007 天津卷]
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
48. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____[2007 浙江卷]
A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard
49. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. [2007 浙江卷]
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
50. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. [2007 重庆卷]
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
51. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. [2007 辽宁卷]
A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break
52. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. [2007 辽宁卷]
A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking
53._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
54. ___ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
55. –Did the book give the information you needed?–Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding
56. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society.
A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
57. ______ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited
58. – Who should be responsible for the accident?
– The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _____.
A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told
59. the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search
60. The trees ___ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D to blow down
61. the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. to complete
62、（山东26）. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told
63、（江西33）. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
64、（江西35）. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.
A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered
65、（辽宁25）. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.
A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows
66、（四川12.） Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.
A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash
67、（浙江8）. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ____ his job.
A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit
68、（浙江11）. “It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _____ for customers.
A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved
69、（江苏31）. ______an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base
70.（2013新课标1） The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ____.
A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not
71.（2013新课标1）hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown
72.（2013新课标卷2） the 7:30 train from Paddington
A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught
73.（2013安徽卷）in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded
74.（2013湖南卷）The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.
A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed
75.（2013湖南卷）You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.
A. offering B. to offer C. having offered D. offered
76.（2013湖南卷）Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
77.（2013湖南卷）________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay
78.（2013湖南卷）— I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. — I am so sorry，but I________ my homework.
A. had done B. was doing C. would do D. am doing
79.（2013江西卷）If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked
80.（2013重庆卷）When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ___me stories till I fell asleep,
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
82.（2013山东卷）The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.
A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood
83.（2013山东卷）I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
84.（2013山东卷）________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating
85.（2013陕西卷）that we will go all out to help them.
A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood
86.（2013陕西卷）by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned
87.（2013全国卷大纲版） the 7:30 train from Paddington A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught
88.（2013辽宁卷）Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a
pile of mail ______for her.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting
89.（2013江苏卷）the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set
90.（2013江苏卷）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced
91.（2013北京卷） lives, including your own.
A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change
92（2013北京卷） the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found
93.（2013北京卷）with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked
94. (2013浙江卷)There are some health problems that, when ___ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated
B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have
A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known
A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed
97.（2013天津卷） in daily conversations. A. using B. to use C. having used D. used
98. (2013福建卷)_____basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known
99. (2013福建卷)Anyone, once______ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 100.(2013浙江卷)_______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
七、非谓语动词
101(2014安徽卷)27．My good performance in the job interview left me ______ about my future and about what I can do here. A. puzzled B. sensitive C. optimistic D. embarrassed
102(2014安徽卷)32．While waiting for the opportunity to get______, Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote
103(2014山东卷)6. There is a note pinned to the door______when the shop will open again.
A. saying B. says C. said D. having said
104(2014山东卷)9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.
A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs
105(2014北京卷)25. Last night, there were millions of people ______ the opening ceremony live on TV.
A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching
106(2014北京卷)28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved
107(2014北京卷)35. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized
108(2014福建卷)27. ______ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend
109(2014福建卷)30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying______. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected
110(2014湖南卷)21.Children，when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C. accompanying D. accompanied
111(2014湖南卷)23. ____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 112(2014湖南卷)27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ______ at the night sky. A. to stare B. staring C.
stared D. having stared
113(2014湖南卷)35. ______ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. A. Having freed B. Freed C. To
free D. Freeing
114(2014江苏卷)29. His lecture______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given
115(2014江西卷)26. When it comes to ______ in public , no one can match him .
A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken
116(2014江西卷)31. ______ nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent
117(2014江西卷)34. He is thought ______ foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .
A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted
118(2014全国大纲卷)23. Toady there are more airplanes ______ more people than ever before in the skies.
A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying
119(2014陕西卷)12. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ______ for a swim?
A. to go B. going C go D. having gone
120(2014陕西卷)20. ______ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times
A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out
121(2014四川卷)5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.
A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop
122(2014四川卷)7. —I hope to take the computer course. —Good idea. ______ more about it, visit this website.
A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out C. Having found out 123(2014天津卷)5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ____ it didn’t fit.
A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found
124(2014天津卷)7. Clearly and thoughtfully______, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written 125(2014浙江卷)14. Amie Salmon, disable, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ______ to guard her.
A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 126(2014重庆卷)5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ to our shop for quality problems.
A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned
127(2014重庆卷)11. Group activities will be organized after class ______ children develop team spirit.
A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help
1-5BCDAB 6-10 ABCAC 11-15 ABCDD 16-20 ABCBD 21-25 CACDA 26-30 CCCCC 31-35 C C B B C 36-40B A C D D 41-45 DC. D. B. C 46-50BBAA B 51-55 CDBAA 56-60CCADBD 61-65DACBB66-70ADDBB 71-75ADCBD 76-80 ACBAB 81-85 BACAB 86-90 ADCDC 91-95DDAAA 96-100BDCCA
101-105CBACD106-110DBCAD111-115ABCDB116-120ABBBC121-125CAACC126-127BD