南京农业大学《微生物学》试题 Ⅰ
注：1.答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。 2.试卷若有雷同以零分计。 一、名词解释(6×5)： 1. Colony 菌落 2. Virus 病毒
3. Biogeochemical cycle 4. Medium培养基 5. Tansduction 转导 6. Mycorhiza 菌根 二、问答题(70分)
1.What are the major differences between gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria？(5分) 什么是主要差异在革兰氏阳性之间，革兰阴性菌?
2.Distinguish between (a) phototrophs and chemotrophs, (b) Lithotrophs and organotrophs. (4分) 区分(一个)光能营养型，化能营养，(b淋巴细胞)无机营养生物，有机营养菌。
3.Yeast can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. What is the difference in energy production? (8分)酵母能在需氧的，厌氧条件下增长。有什么不同在能源生产?
4.Draw a typical bacteria growth curve. Explain each phase. (8分)In what circumstance, filtration and pasteurization methods are useful? (6分) 画一个典型细菌生长曲线。说明每个相。(8分)在什么环境，过滤，巴氏消毒法方法有用?
5.To determine the viable counts of a soil sample, which method is the best? List the procedures.(10分)
要确定一个土壤样品的可行的计数，哪种方
法是最好的吗？列出的程序。
6.The donor bacterial cell in a transformation is probably dead. Explain why. (2分)
7.What are the roles of a cloning vector, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase in molecular cloning? (6分)
在分子克隆的克隆载体，限制性内切酶和
DNA连接酶的作用是什么？
8.What does the term “antagonism” means? Explain the usefulness in biological control. (4分) 9.Explain the following terms in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity, effectiveness, competitiveness. How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house? (10分)
在豆科根瘤菌共生的感染，宿主特异性，效益，竞
争力。温室共生效益如何评价？
10.List the taxonomic hierarchy of classification. (7分)
列出分类的分类层次。
《微生物学》试题 Ⅱ
本试题一共2道大题，共2页，满分100分。考试时间120分钟。
注：1.答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。 2.试卷若有雷同以零分计。 一、名词解释(6×5)：
1. Bacterial chemotaxis
细菌的趋化作用
2. Lichen地衣
3. Chemoorganotroph 化能有机营养生物
4. Colony菌落
5. Biogeochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环
6. Conjugation接合 二、问答题(70分)
1.What are the unique features of microorganisms gram-positive？ (10分)
2.Why does Gram-staining procedure stain some bacteria purple-violet and others red?(10分) 3.Explain the term “medium”,what is the purpose to make a selective medium? (10分) 4.To determine the viable counts of a soil sample, which method is the best? List the procedures. (8分)
5.What are the roles of a cloning vector,restriction enzyme and DNA Ligase in molecular cloning? (12分)
6.Explain the following terms in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity, effectiveness, competitiveness. How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house? (20分)
复习题
Questions-1
1．What are the unique features of microorganism?
2．List several applied areas of microbiology. Describe the importance of microorganisms in each of these applied fields.
3．Discuss the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4．What are some major differences between gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 5．Draw a typical bacterial cell and identify all parts. 6．Define the following terms
Archaea古菌, flagellum鞭毛, bacterial chemotaxis细菌的趋化作用, capsule荚膜, spore孢子, cyst mesosome plasmid质粒, simple staining简单染色, Gram staining革兰氏染色, colony菌落, lytic bacteriaphage噬菌体裂解, Viruse, HIV, SARS, pseudopodia伪足, cyanobacteria蓝细菌, Algae protozoa, Lichen地衣, mycorrhiza菌根, yeast酵母菌, mold霉菌, fungi真菌. 7． List the sexual spores and asexual spores of fungi.
8．What is the unique about the class Deuteromycetes, making it different from other classes of fungi? Questions-2
1．What are the nutrients that microorganisms require? And what are the functions of these nutrients?
2．Distinguish between (a) phototrophs and chemotrophs, (b) Lithotrophs and organotrophs, and (c) autotrophs and heterotrophs.
3．Explain the term “ medium”. What is the purpose of make a selective medium?
4．Under what circumstance might you wish to use silical gel as a solidifying agent for a culture medium?
5．Yeast can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. What is the difference in energy production.
6．Describe the process of passive diffusion.
7．How is passive diffusion differentiated from facilitated diffusion?
8．How is group translocation similar to and different from active transport of solutes? Questions-3
1．Explain the following terms:
growth, pure culture, continuous culture, batch culture, synchronous growth, sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, optimum temperature, generation time, acidophile, facultative anaerobe. 2．Describe the methods for isolating pure culture.
3．Differentiate the batch culture and continuous culture, Indicate their advantages and disadvantages.
4．To determine the viable counts of a solid sample, which method is the best? List the procedures.
5．In what circumstance, filtration and pasteurization methods are useful? 6．Draw a typical bacteria growth curve. Explain each phase. Questions 4
1．Explain the following terms
Auxotroph, Genotype, phenotype, genome, mutant, mutagen, point mutation, DNA recombination, conjugation, transduction, transformation, Cloning vector, molecular cloning, polymerase Chain reaction, spontenous mutation, competence
2．Describe the phenotypic changes due to gene mutation
3．Describe the procedures of replica plating technique for isolation of mutants. 4．The donor bacterial cell in a transformation is probably dead. Explain why.
5．In conjugation, how are donor and recipient cells brought into contact with each other? 6．What are the roles of a cloning vector, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase in molecular cloning?
7．What are the advantages of using plasmid PBR322 as a cloning vector? Questions-5
1．Explain thenfollwing terms
Biogeochemical cycle, Rhizosphere, Neutralism, Mutualism, Commensalism, Competition, Parasitism, Predation, Denitrification, Nitrification, Nitrogenase, Leghemoglobin, PGPR 2．In nitrogen cycle, what are the microorganisms and their functions in the transformation of nitrogen forms?
3．What does the term “ antagonism ” means? Explain the usefulness in biological control. 4．Explain the following terms in Rhizobium legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity, effectiveness, competitiveness. How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house? Questions-6
1．List the taxonomic hierarchy of classification.
2．What is the three-domain classification system? Draw a simple dendrogram to show their phylogenetic relationship among the organisms.
3．There are 50 strains isolated from the root nodules of peanut. These strains are slow-growing, and their taxonomic position is unknown. How do you determine the exact taxonomic position of peanut bradyrhizobium? List the major experiments that you plan to do.
南京农业大学《微生物学》试题 Ⅰ
注：1.答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。 2.试卷若有雷同以零分计。 一、名词解释(6×5)： 1. Colony 菌落 2. Virus 病毒
3. Biogeochemical cycle 4. Medium培养基 5. Tansduction 转导 6. Mycorhiza 菌根 二、问答题(70分)
1.What are the major differences between gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria？(5分) 什么是主要差异在革兰氏阳性之间，革兰阴性菌?
2.Distinguish between (a) phototrophs and chemotrophs, (b) Lithotrophs and organotrophs. (4分) 区分(一个)光能营养型，化能营养，(b淋巴细胞)无机营养生物，有机营养菌。
3.Yeast can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. What is the difference in energy production? (8分)酵母能在需氧的，厌氧条件下增长。有什么不同在能源生产?
4.Draw a typical bacteria growth curve. Explain each phase. (8分)In what circumstance, filtration and pasteurization methods are useful? (6分) 画一个典型细菌生长曲线。说明每个相。(8分)在什么环境，过滤，巴氏消毒法方法有用?
5.To determine the viable counts of a soil sample, which method is the best? List the procedures.(10分)
要确定一个土壤样品的可行的计数，哪种方
法是最好的吗？列出的程序。
6.The donor bacterial cell in a transformation is probably dead. Explain why. (2分)
7.What are the roles of a cloning vector, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase in molecular cloning? (6分)
在分子克隆的克隆载体，限制性内切酶和
DNA连接酶的作用是什么？
8.What does the term “antagonism” means? Explain the usefulness in biological control. (4分) 9.Explain the following terms in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity, effectiveness, competitiveness. How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house? (10分)
在豆科根瘤菌共生的感染，宿主特异性，效益，竞
争力。温室共生效益如何评价？
10.List the taxonomic hierarchy of classification. (7分)
列出分类的分类层次。
《微生物学》试题 Ⅱ
本试题一共2道大题，共2页，满分100分。考试时间120分钟。
注：1.答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。 2.试卷若有雷同以零分计。 一、名词解释(6×5)：
1. Bacterial chemotaxis
细菌的趋化作用
2. Lichen地衣
3. Chemoorganotroph 化能有机营养生物
4. Colony菌落
5. Biogeochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环
6. Conjugation接合 二、问答题(70分)
1.What are the unique features of microorganisms gram-positive？ (10分)
2.Why does Gram-staining procedure stain some bacteria purple-violet and others red?(10分) 3.Explain the term “medium”,what is the purpose to make a selective medium? (10分) 4.To determine the viable counts of a soil sample, which method is the best? List the procedures. (8分)
5.What are the roles of a cloning vector,restriction enzyme and DNA Ligase in molecular cloning? (12分)
6.Explain the following terms in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity, effectiveness, competitiveness. How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house? (20分)
复习题
Questions-1
1．What are the unique features of microorganism?
2．List several applied areas of microbiology. Describe the importance of microorganisms in each of these applied fields.
3．Discuss the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4．What are some major differences between gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 5．Draw a typical bacterial cell and identify all parts. 6．Define the following terms
Archaea古菌, flagellum鞭毛, bacterial chemotaxis细菌的趋化作用, capsule荚膜, spore孢子, cyst mesosome plasmid质粒, simple staining简单染色, Gram staining革兰氏染色, colony菌落, lytic bacteriaphage噬菌体裂解, Viruse, HIV, SARS, pseudopodia伪足, cyanobacteria蓝细菌, Algae protozoa, Lichen地衣, mycorrhiza菌根, yeast酵母菌, mold霉菌, fungi真菌. 7． List the sexual spores and asexual spores of fungi.
8．What is the unique about the class Deuteromycetes, making it different from other classes of fungi? Questions-2
1．What are the nutrients that microorganisms require? And what are the functions of these nutrients?
2．Distinguish between (a) phototrophs and chemotrophs, (b) Lithotrophs and organotrophs, and (c) autotrophs and heterotrophs.
3．Explain the term “ medium”. What is the purpose of make a selective medium?
4．Under what circumstance might you wish to use silical gel as a solidifying agent for a culture medium?
5．Yeast can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. What is the difference in energy production.
6．Describe the process of passive diffusion.
7．How is passive diffusion differentiated from facilitated diffusion?
8．How is group translocation similar to and different from active transport of solutes? Questions-3
1．Explain the following terms:
growth, pure culture, continuous culture, batch culture, synchronous growth, sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, optimum temperature, generation time, acidophile, facultative anaerobe. 2．Describe the methods for isolating pure culture.
3．Differentiate the batch culture and continuous culture, Indicate their advantages and disadvantages.
4．To determine the viable counts of a solid sample, which method is the best? List the procedures.
5．In what circumstance, filtration and pasteurization methods are useful? 6．Draw a typical bacteria growth curve. Explain each phase. Questions 4
1．Explain the following terms
Auxotroph, Genotype, phenotype, genome, mutant, mutagen, point mutation, DNA recombination, conjugation, transduction, transformation, Cloning vector, molecular cloning, polymerase Chain reaction, spontenous mutation, competence
2．Describe the phenotypic changes due to gene mutation
3．Describe the procedures of replica plating technique for isolation of mutants. 4．The donor bacterial cell in a transformation is probably dead. Explain why.
5．In conjugation, how are donor and recipient cells brought into contact with each other? 6．What are the roles of a cloning vector, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase in molecular cloning?
7．What are the advantages of using plasmid PBR322 as a cloning vector? Questions-5
1．Explain thenfollwing terms
Biogeochemical cycle, Rhizosphere, Neutralism, Mutualism, Commensalism, Competition, Parasitism, Predation, Denitrification, Nitrification, Nitrogenase, Leghemoglobin, PGPR 2．In nitrogen cycle, what are the microorganisms and their functions in the transformation of nitrogen forms?
3．What does the term “ antagonism ” means? Explain the usefulness in biological control. 4．Explain the following terms in Rhizobium legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity, effectiveness, competitiveness. How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house? Questions-6
1．List the taxonomic hierarchy of classification.
2．What is the three-domain classification system? Draw a simple dendrogram to show their phylogenetic relationship among the organisms.
3．There are 50 strains isolated from the root nodules of peanut. These strains are slow-growing, and their taxonomic position is unknown. How do you determine the exact taxonomic position of peanut bradyrhizobium? List the major experiments that you plan to do.