1. be willing to 愿意做某事
willing adj. 乐意的，自愿的
I’m willing to help you. 我很愿意帮助你
1. They are ______ to prefer the better when the best is unattainable.
A. like B. willing C. will D. anxious
2. He is a man who is active in social activities, and he ______do public service work now
and then.
A. is about to B. is going to C. is willing to D. will
2. Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble?
lose heart 意为“丧失信心；灰心”。
What impressed us most was that they never lost heart.
给我印象最深的是他们从来没丧失信心。
Don’t lose heart .keep up courage and you’ll succeed. 别气馁，鼓起勇气你就会成功。
3. fight.
fight vt. ＆ vi. 过去式和过去分词均为fought，常与against, with, for连用，意为fight for 为„„而战；fight against 与„„作斗争；fight with 接人或者国家名词，表示“同„„（并肩）战斗”，也可以表示fight against。
He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.
They told the workers to fight for their rights. 他们告诉工人为了他们的权利而战
He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II.
二战时期他抵抗德国纳粹和日本侵略者。
1. You’ll have to fight ______difficulties.
A. for B. to C. against D. over
4. advise
advise作及物动词，意为“忠告，劝告；建议”。
1)advise doing sth.
He advised carrying out the experiment as soon as possible. 他建议尽快的实施实验。
2) advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不）去做某事
My parents often advise me not to waste too much time playing games.
我父母经常忠告我不要花太多时间去玩游戏。
The teacher advised us not to read carelessly.
老师建议我们不要粗心的阅读。
3) advise后面接的that从句的谓语动词一般由“should +动词原形”构成。有类似用法的动词还有suggest，demand等。
advise + that从句
I advised that he (should) go abroad for further study. 我建议他应该出国进行深造。 She advised that I should ask Dr Yang for help. 她建议我应该去向袁先生寻求帮助。 注意：advise的名词形式为advice。它是不可数名词。a piece of advice。
My father coughed badly. I ____ him to give up smoking, but he would not take my advice.
A. advised B. persuaded C. suggested D. ordered
5. give up
give up放弃
He has decided to give up smoking. 他已经决定放弃吸烟。
give in 表示被动屈服或认输， 后面不带宾语。
You can’t win the game, so you may as well give in. 你赢不了这比赛，还是认输吧。 Don’t give up halfway. 不要半途而废。
随时练
Children should give _______ their seat on the bus if other people are standing.
A. in B. up C. out D. away
6. as a matter of fact
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence... but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.
as a matter of fact 意为“事实上；实际上”，相当于in fact。
She doesn’t like him much—as a matter of fact, I think she hates him.
她一点也不喜欢他，事实上我认为她恨他。
As a matter of fact, I don’t know the truth. 事实上，我不知道真实的情况。
7. be put in prison
【原句回放】 It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison for years.（page 34 line 23）
【点拨】
be put in prison 意为“被关进监狱；监禁”。prison前不加冠词，还可以说be sent / thrown into prison；若前加冠词则表示具体的建筑物或场所。
put in prison = send...to prison = throw ...into prison 把„„投入监狱
如：He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.
他为了黑人而斗争被抓进监狱30年。
The car thieves have been put in prison. 偷车贼被关进了监狱。
be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
He has been in prison for five years. 他被监禁了5年。
【拓展】
相关的词组：go to prison 入狱 break (out of )prison 越狱
有些短语有无冠词意义不一样； 除prison外，还有：go to church 做礼拜， go to the church 去教堂； at table 在吃饭， at the table在桌子旁； out of question 毫无疑问， out of the question 不可能等。 随时练
1. He _____ in prison for five years and you may see him at home next year.
A. has been put B. has been thrown C. was sent D. has been
2. During wartime, the religious leader was _____ in Monahan for two years.
A. put in a prison B. put in the prison C. put in prison D. put in prisons
【解析】1. B,C 两项搭配的介词不是in. A项表示一次性的动作，不接延续时间；D项是be 的完成式表示状态，还在监狱，要到家里去看他的时间只能是明年。
2.put sb in prison 是固定词组，把某人投入监狱。prison 前不加冠词，prison 用单数。
【答案】1.D 2.C
8. reward
【原句回放】They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government was my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. (Page 38 line19)
【点拨】reward n. 报酬，奖金
如：He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力但是没有什么报酬。 in reward 作为报酬
如：She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 对她的仁慈我无以回报。
vt. 酬谢，给以报答
reward sb for sth 因„„而奖赏某人
reward sb with sth 因„„酬劳某人
He rewarded me with a prize. 他给我一个奖励作为报酬。
【拓展】reward 一般指通过做某事获得的回报或者报酬，可以是钱，也可以是物品或精神鼓舞。
award 指的是由评委经过认真考虑颁发的奖品。
prize指在比赛中获得的奖项。 随时练
1.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ______.
A. reward B. prizes
C. awards D. results
【解析】1.句意：“小孩子喜欢做事是因为这样会带来奖励。”在此句中，这种奖励大多时候是精神上的。
【答案】 1. A
9. should have done
He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we should have been asleep. should do & should have done
should do 表示应该做，一般指现在或将来的动作，指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。 should have done 表示本应该做而没有做的。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。 He should have come earlier. 你本应该来早点，却没来。
You should come earlier tomorrow. 明天你应该早来点。
You should have written to your mother. 你本应该写信给你的母亲。
My teacher said I should study harder. 老师告诉我我应该努力学习。
随时练
Has the manager left?
---He _______ have left because his car is still in the parking lot.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’
t C. needn’t D. cannot
10. 重点句型：only then...
...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
only then 此处引起倒装句，当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。 如：Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
只要每天都练习几个小时你就能够掌握英语。
only 修饰主语时，句子不倒装。
Only he knew how to solve the problem. 只有他知道怎么解决问题。
拓展:含有否定意义的副词或连词放于句首句子半倒装，主要有：hardly, never, little, seldom, nor, neither, not only...but also...
如：Never will we meet again. 我们再也不会见面。
（2）so, such 放在句首，表示主语或状语，主句倒装。
如：So loudly did he speak that he made himself heard.
他说话这么大声以至于别人能听见自己。
（3）so, neither, nor 放在句首，表示主语与前面的主语情况相同。
如：she is a teacher, so am I. 她是个老师，我也是。 随时练
1._____Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A. Might she as try B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Try as she might
【解析】as引导让步状语从句，要部分倒装，把形容词，副词，名词或实义动词提前。B,C未用倒装，A项might 不可提前，而应提前try。
1. be willing to 愿意做某事
willing adj. 乐意的，自愿的
I’m willing to help you. 我很愿意帮助你
1. They are ______ to prefer the better when the best is unattainable.
A. like B. willing C. will D. anxious
2. He is a man who is active in social activities, and he ______do public service work now
and then.
A. is about to B. is going to C. is willing to D. will
2. Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble?
lose heart 意为“丧失信心；灰心”。
What impressed us most was that they never lost heart.
给我印象最深的是他们从来没丧失信心。
Don’t lose heart .keep up courage and you’ll succeed. 别气馁，鼓起勇气你就会成功。
3. fight.
fight vt. ＆ vi. 过去式和过去分词均为fought，常与against, with, for连用，意为fight for 为„„而战；fight against 与„„作斗争；fight with 接人或者国家名词，表示“同„„（并肩）战斗”，也可以表示fight against。
He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.
They told the workers to fight for their rights. 他们告诉工人为了他们的权利而战
He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II.
二战时期他抵抗德国纳粹和日本侵略者。
1. You’ll have to fight ______difficulties.
A. for B. to C. against D. over
4. advise
advise作及物动词，意为“忠告，劝告；建议”。
1)advise doing sth.
He advised carrying out the experiment as soon as possible. 他建议尽快的实施实验。
2) advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不）去做某事
My parents often advise me not to waste too much time playing games.
我父母经常忠告我不要花太多时间去玩游戏。
The teacher advised us not to read carelessly.
老师建议我们不要粗心的阅读。
3) advise后面接的that从句的谓语动词一般由“should +动词原形”构成。有类似用法的动词还有suggest，demand等。
advise + that从句
I advised that he (should) go abroad for further study. 我建议他应该出国进行深造。 She advised that I should ask Dr Yang for help. 她建议我应该去向袁先生寻求帮助。 注意：advise的名词形式为advice。它是不可数名词。a piece of advice。
My father coughed badly. I ____ him to give up smoking, but he would not take my advice.
A. advised B. persuaded C. suggested D. ordered
5. give up
give up放弃
He has decided to give up smoking. 他已经决定放弃吸烟。
give in 表示被动屈服或认输， 后面不带宾语。
You can’t win the game, so you may as well give in. 你赢不了这比赛，还是认输吧。 Don’t give up halfway. 不要半途而废。
随时练
Children should give _______ their seat on the bus if other people are standing.
A. in B. up C. out D. away
6. as a matter of fact
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence... but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.
as a matter of fact 意为“事实上；实际上”，相当于in fact。
She doesn’t like him much—as a matter of fact, I think she hates him.
她一点也不喜欢他，事实上我认为她恨他。
As a matter of fact, I don’t know the truth. 事实上，我不知道真实的情况。
7. be put in prison
【原句回放】 It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison for years.（page 34 line 23）
【点拨】
be put in prison 意为“被关进监狱；监禁”。prison前不加冠词，还可以说be sent / thrown into prison；若前加冠词则表示具体的建筑物或场所。
put in prison = send...to prison = throw ...into prison 把„„投入监狱
如：He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.
他为了黑人而斗争被抓进监狱30年。
The car thieves have been put in prison. 偷车贼被关进了监狱。
be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
He has been in prison for five years. 他被监禁了5年。
【拓展】
相关的词组：go to prison 入狱 break (out of )prison 越狱
有些短语有无冠词意义不一样； 除prison外，还有：go to church 做礼拜， go to the church 去教堂； at table 在吃饭， at the table在桌子旁； out of question 毫无疑问， out of the question 不可能等。 随时练
1. He _____ in prison for five years and you may see him at home next year.
A. has been put B. has been thrown C. was sent D. has been
2. During wartime, the religious leader was _____ in Monahan for two years.
A. put in a prison B. put in the prison C. put in prison D. put in prisons
【解析】1. B,C 两项搭配的介词不是in. A项表示一次性的动作，不接延续时间；D项是be 的完成式表示状态，还在监狱，要到家里去看他的时间只能是明年。
2.put sb in prison 是固定词组，把某人投入监狱。prison 前不加冠词，prison 用单数。
【答案】1.D 2.C
8. reward
【原句回放】They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government was my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. (Page 38 line19)
【点拨】reward n. 报酬，奖金
如：He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力但是没有什么报酬。 in reward 作为报酬
如：She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 对她的仁慈我无以回报。
vt. 酬谢，给以报答
reward sb for sth 因„„而奖赏某人
reward sb with sth 因„„酬劳某人
He rewarded me with a prize. 他给我一个奖励作为报酬。
【拓展】reward 一般指通过做某事获得的回报或者报酬，可以是钱，也可以是物品或精神鼓舞。
award 指的是由评委经过认真考虑颁发的奖品。
prize指在比赛中获得的奖项。 随时练
1.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ______.
A. reward B. prizes
C. awards D. results
【解析】1.句意：“小孩子喜欢做事是因为这样会带来奖励。”在此句中，这种奖励大多时候是精神上的。
【答案】 1. A
9. should have done
He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we should have been asleep. should do & should have done
should do 表示应该做，一般指现在或将来的动作，指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。 should have done 表示本应该做而没有做的。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。 He should have come earlier. 你本应该来早点，却没来。
You should come earlier tomorrow. 明天你应该早来点。
You should have written to your mother. 你本应该写信给你的母亲。
My teacher said I should study harder. 老师告诉我我应该努力学习。
随时练
Has the manager left?
---He _______ have left because his car is still in the parking lot.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’
t C. needn’t D. cannot
10. 重点句型：only then...
...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
only then 此处引起倒装句，当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。 如：Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
只要每天都练习几个小时你就能够掌握英语。
only 修饰主语时，句子不倒装。
Only he knew how to solve the problem. 只有他知道怎么解决问题。
拓展:含有否定意义的副词或连词放于句首句子半倒装，主要有：hardly, never, little, seldom, nor, neither, not only...but also...
如：Never will we meet again. 我们再也不会见面。
（2）so, such 放在句首，表示主语或状语，主句倒装。
如：So loudly did he speak that he made himself heard.
他说话这么大声以至于别人能听见自己。
（3）so, neither, nor 放在句首，表示主语与前面的主语情况相同。
如：she is a teacher, so am I. 她是个老师，我也是。 随时练
1._____Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A. Might she as try B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Try as she might
【解析】as引导让步状语从句，要部分倒装，把形容词，副词，名词或实义动词提前。B,C未用倒装，A项might 不可提前，而应提前try。