课后翻译
1． 公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。
The slogans and characters in public service messages are more than memorable—they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.
2． 大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂上的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运
用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。
The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student’s performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field.
3． 美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助我们更好地旅行。
The beautiful campus provide an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.
4． 在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。我们有出色的师资和员工。他们致力于求知识理解，
将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。
You will not be expected to under take this intellectual journey on your own,we have an expectional faculty and staff, dedicated to the seach for knowledge and understanding , who will support and encourage you in your journey.
5． 人们的生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。然而，人们不能在自然中
生活而不对其加以改造。
People can not live apart from nature: that is the first principle of the conservationists. And yet, people can’t live in nature without changing it.
6． 世界经济飞速发展以及经济和科技领域的激烈竞争，对教育提出了强有力的挑战。
Flying development of science and technology worldside, as well as intensity competition in economic and technological fields have addressed a tough challenge to education.
7． 由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾埋填并提倡包装的循环利用，包装行业目前受到了
从未有过的严格监督。
The packing industry now finds itself under scrutiny as never before, as tough EU targets are set to reduce land filling and increase recycling.
8． 中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距，因此必须依赖科技和教育的发展来推行可持续
发展战略。
There is a gap between China and advanced countries in the area of science and technology. So it must depend on science, technology and education to carry out a sustainable development strategy.
Unit 3
有人说这世界时男人的天下，然而，根据市场调查公司NPD的研究，大多数购物和娱乐消费都是由女人做主。人们早就知道，家人衣着和家庭装饰大多由女人做主，但这次美国5.1万个家庭所作的调查却表明，其他一些购买决策行为中也存在着令人惊异的性别分野。根据调查结果，在挑选电影、餐馆和电视节目的时候，男人也会听从女人的意见。此外，调查数据还表明，有女人说了算的事情还包括在电影院坐什么位置、上哪儿去买食品以及请哪些客人到家里来。实际上，男人只在选购电子产品、买家用轿车以及制定家庭预算等事情上有些许发言权。主持此次调查的NPD公司首席分析师马歇尔·科恩说，购买行为中的性别差异对广告业、 传媒业及培训行业来说意义重大。他说：“管理品牌、推销产品或是从事广告工
作的人必须密切注意消费者动态的变化。”
Some day it’s a man’s world, but women actually make most purchasing and entertainment decisions, according to a study by market research firm NPD. It’s long been accepted that women pick out most of clothes for family, but this study of 51,000 U.S. households showed some surpring facets of purchasing decisions broken down by gender. Men defer to women when it comes to choosing movies,restaurants and television shows, according to survey. The data indicated that women also decide where to sit in the movie theatre, where to shop for food and which guests come to the family home. In fact, the only areas where men had any clout involved personal electronics purchases, the family car and setting household budgets. The gender differences in purchasing could have implications for advertising, media and education companies, said NPD chief analyst Marshal Cohen, who spearheaded the research. “Anynoe who’s managing a brand, marketing a product or working for an advertising agency needs to be conscientious in the shifts in consumer dynamics.”Cohen said.
Unit 5
1． 我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。
I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film.
2． 数月来他历经挫折而不断努力，终于有了收获。
After months of disappointment, his perseverance was finally rewarded.
3． 她把她的意思解释得清清楚楚。
She made her meaning crystal clear.
4． 像大多数夫妻一样，他俩的婚姻波折迭起，但生活就是这样
Like almost married couples they’ve had their ups and downs but life is like that.
5． 经过寒冷的冬天，大家都渴望天气有所好转。
Everyone is yearing for the weather to change after this cold winter.
6． 这个广告是针对儿童设计的。
The advertisement is calculated to appeal to children.
7． 这种骚乱仅仅只是人们不满的一种表露而已。
This riot is only one manifestation of people’s discontent.
8． 原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始工具。
Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.
Unit 7
1. 汽车诞生后发展很快，不久就代替了马。
The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.
2. 由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削弱私人拥有汽车的数
量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。
We may have to cut down on the numberof privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.
3. 汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利的交通时，它也应对诸如空气污染、交通事故、
交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。
While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.
4. 美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名。
Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.
5. 要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大减少汽车的排放量，那该多好啊。
If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.
6. 在美国，高度发达的公路网使在各地之间来来往往成为可能。
A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to coast in United States.
7. 一想到这条林荫大道的建设速度，参观者都感到吃惊：这条路不久前还在开挖及铺设排
水管。
The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay drain-pipes not long ago.
8. 环境保护主义眼里谴责了汽车，认为汽车是产生空气污染的主要因素。
Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the production of dirty air.
9. 由于便利的公共交通，在大都市的市郊，许多新建的住宅群拔地而起。
Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.
10. 尽管非常喜欢汽车，许多人还是相信广泛地使用公共交通系统能缓解交通拥挤。
Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.
第一单元
第一部分
1.Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.
读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。
2.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
3.For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars ,one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别直接，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
4.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation, to make judgement wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar.
读书费时过多易惰，为财藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究态。
5.They perfect nature ,and are perfected by experience:for natural abilities are like natural plants,that need prunings bt study;and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience.
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪
移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
6.Crafty men condemn studies ,simple men admire them,and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use;but that there is a wisdom without them,and above them,won by obvervation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
7.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse;but to weigh and consider.
读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可职位寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
8.Some books are to be tasted ,others to be swallowed ,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is, some books are to be read only in parts ;others to be read,but not curiously ;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.
书有浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则需全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
9.Some books also may be read by deputy ,and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of books;else distilled books are like common distilled water,flashy things.
书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。
10.Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
11.And therefore ,if a man write little,he had need have a great memory;if he confer little,he had need have a present wit ;and if he read little,he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.
因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
12.Histories make men wise;poets witty; the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend..
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密subtile，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重grave，逻辑修辞（rhetoric）学使人善辩contend
13.Nay，there is also no stand or impediment in the wit,but may be wrought out by fit studies;like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercise.
人之才智，但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅。一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
14.Bowling is good for the stone and reins;shooting for the lungs and breast;gentle walking for the stomach;riding for the head;and the like .
滚球利肾脏，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
15.So if a man’s wit be wandering ,let him study the mathematics;for in demonstrations,if his wit be called away never so little,he must begin again.
如精力不集中，可令其读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散则须重演。
16.if his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,let him study the schoolmen;for they are cymini sectores.(过分讲究的人)
如不能辨异，可令其读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人，
17.If he be not apt to beat over matters,and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another,let him study the lawyer’s cases.
So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.
如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。
如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。
第二部分
1. In the current climate of international test competitions and increased student exchanges,
science and science education teaching practices have come under closer scrutiny in the United States.
在目前国际考试竞赛频繁，学生交流增加的风潮下，美国对其科学几科学教育教学实践进行了更为周密的调查研究。
2. The educational system in the United States stands apart from the rest of the world, however,
because it operates with free market spirit in a much less regulated, more laissez-faire climate.
然而，美国的教育体系与世界其他国家的相比可谓独树一帜，因为它是一种自由市场精神运作，处于一种较为宽松，更为自由的氛围当中。
3. A high level of scientific understanding among the general population is connected to
expectations of high productivity in the work place.
人们期望大众对科学的深刻理解可以带来工作场所的高生产率。
4. In contrast, the knowledge structure of the humanities/social sciences is more horizontal,
with a higher number of subjective variables and cultural nuances that require more time to be assimilated.
对比而言，人文/社会科学的知识结构更为广泛、涉及更多的主观可变因素和文化的细微差异，需要更多的时间才能被吸收。
5. This absence of breadth allows for the development of good professional depth, which is the
most important characteristic of the technical fields, as opposed to the humanistic areas of study.
这种知识宽度的缺乏便于发展良好的专业知识深度——与人文研究领域不同，这种专业知识深度是技术领域中最重要的一个特点。
6. Providing people with a meaning for their existence and a sense of belonging to a common
cultural milieu called civilization.
为人们提供他们生存的意义以及一种归属同一文化环境的感觉——这种文化环境被称为文明。
7. Universities must teach in a student-sensitive manner and offer, shopping-mall style, a great variety of courses that will attract as many students as possible.
大学教育必须要顾及学生的需求，要以购物中心的方式，提供多门课程去吸引尽可能多的学生。
8. America may be considered as either a land of opportunity in which talents flourish in ways that are difficult at home or as a sly merchant who lures the best and the brightest by paying more and offering better laboratory facilities.
或许既可以把美国看做是一个充满机遇的国家，在本国不得志的人才在此可尽展才华，也可以把美国看做是一个狡猾的商人，以提供更高的薪水和更好的实验设备来吸引最聪明和最优秀的人才。
9. It appears that the American educational system produces more focused individuals because this system allows students both at the high school and college levels comparatively more freedom to avoid certain subjects without the pressure of comprehensive external examinations
and without the strait-jacket of rigid national curricula.
美国教育体系培养出的人才精神似乎更加集中，因为该体系给予中学生和大学生以更多的自由，使得他们避开了某些特定课程，不必承受外来综合考试的压力以及国家严格规定的课程的束缚。
unit3
1. In my mid-teens,the shiny new mall on the outskirts of my hometown promised my best
friend and me Friday nights and Saturdays full of bright neon logos,the sound of an indoor waterfall ,the scent of chocolate chip cookies and plenty of fabrics to touch and clothes to try on.
在我十五六岁的时候，家乡郊区新开的一家明亮的购物中心，使得我和我最要好的朋友每周五晚上和周六都能看到许多明亮的霓虹灯招牌，听到室内瀑布的水声，闻到巧克力脆片饼干的香味，还可以摸摸各种面料和试穿一些服装。
2. Savvy retailers have watched the waning attention spans of people like me ,heeded
competition from technology such as the internet and realized the time dearth today’s families are facing .
精明的零售商们已经看到，一些像我这样对购物越来越没有兴趣的人，也注意到来自因特网这样的科技竞争，并且了解到现代家庭所面临的时间不够用的问题。
4. The solution?retail environments that appeal to all senses –not just taste,smell and touch ,but
also a sense of well-being ,community and the common sense of many solutions in place.
怎么解决呢？零售环境要迎合各种感觉的需要，不光是味觉，嗅觉和触觉，而且包括康乐感、群体感以及在一个地方就能解决许多问题的那种注重实际的感觉。
5. Overshadowed by deadlines,social outings and the desire to just stay home and stare at the
walls I pay to live inside, shopping for me has become an obligatory chore that steals from my precious not-so-free time.
由于我要做许多在规定时间内必须完成的事情，要外出参加社会活动，以及只想待在家里，看着自己付了钱的居室四壁，购物对于我来说就变成了我从宝贵的时间里忙里偷闲不得不做的家务活了。
6. Rather than have its trademark swoosh take a back seat to many other brands of sports
shoes,Nike hit the pavement running when it created the Nike Town concept in 1990.
Nike公司早在1990年首创了耐克城这一全新概念，一旦开始，耐克就不遗余力的去进 行工作，而不让自己的耐克商标屈居于其他运动品牌鞋之后。
7. For a people who profess to love capitalism,Americans can sometimes seem mightily suspicious of the companies that deliver its benefits.
就一个声称热爱资本主义的民族而言，美国人有时会显得对给自己带来种种好处的众多公司疑心重重。
8. It has also become the biggest company in the world by revenues,a behemoth that strikes fear in the hearts of rivals everywhere.
按营业额，沃尔玛已经成为世界上最大的公司，一个所到之处令对手心惊胆战的庞然大物。
9. But it has become something else as well:the target for a growing chorus of critics.
但是同时沃尔玛也经历着另一种变化：日益成为众矢之的，饱受诟病
10. Its ruthless policy of "Always Low Prices.Always",it is claimed,destroys honest,hardworking mom-and-pop retailers and turns once-vibrant inner cities into urban wastelands.
据称它那“天天平价，始终如一”的无情销售政策致使许多诚实辛勤劳动的夫妻店走向破产，使得一度充满活力的城市中心论文城市荒原。
11. Earlier this month,voters in Inglewood,a suburb of Los Angeles,defeated by a hefty margin a local referendum to allow the building of a big new Wal-Mart store.
本月初，在洛杉矶郊区的Inglewood镇就是否允许建造一座新的大型沃尔玛商场举行的当地全民投票中，绝大多数都投了反对票。
12. As it begins to bump up against the boundaries that restrict its growth,however,Wal-Mart will have to introduce more complexity such as smaller shops,varied formats and different selections of products to cater to local needs.
然而，随着沃尔玛在限制其发展的地区开始盈利，它将不得不推出更为复杂的经营手段，例如缩小商店规模、变换经营方式、选择不同产品，以便迎合当地的需要。
Unit5
1. They simply aren’t mature enough-physically or mentally-to put in the extensive training
hours,deal with the stress on their bodies and minds, or cope with the publicity that accompanies athletics.
他们只是尚未足够成熟——生理的和心理的——去投入大量的训练时间，承受生理和心理上的压力，以及去应对随之而来的公众的关注。（随着专业运动而来athletics）
2. There can be no argument that it is fair to ask children to devote the time necessary to
master a sport ,to push their bodies with long hours on the track or in the weight room,or to have a nation watching when they come to bat with the game on the line.
让孩子投入必要的时间来掌握一项运动，让他们在跑道上或举重房里长时间的锻炼，或者是让全国观众观看他们现场直播的棒球比赛，这些都是合理的，此观点毋庸置疑。
3. I know it's cheaper for ESPN to televise the Little League World Series (LLWS) than a Major
League Baseball game,and years ago ,when I first saw the LLWS on telecision ,I thought it was a great thing to do for kids.
我知道EPSN（娱乐体育节目电视网）转播异常LLWS(少年联盟世界棒球锦标赛)比赛的成本要低于转播一场高级职业联赛协会棒球赛，而多年前，当我第一次在电视上看到LLWS的比赛时，我就觉得这样做对孩子影响深远。
4. Make kids sports like the other sports on television and you’ll have 12-year-olds treating their
teammates the way Terrell Owens and Kobe Bryant do ,treating their bodies like Rafael Palmeiro and Bill Romanowski ,paying more attention to the cameras than to the game, their friends,or their coaches.
如果让孩子们的运动象电视转播的比赛那样，你将会让那些12岁大小的孩子们，如同泰勒欧文斯和科比布莱恩特那样对待他们的队友，如同拉费尔帕莱若何比尔罗曼斯基那样对待他们的身体，他们更关心的是媒体的宣传而非比赛，队友或他们的教练。 第七单元
1. The automobile has embodied deep-seated cultural and emotional values that have become
an integral part of the American Dream.
汽车第一次出现，他就体现了美国深层的文化和情感价值，而这正是美国梦想的不可分割的一个部分。
2. It was the vehicle of personal democracy, acting as a social leveling force, granting more and
more people a wide range of personal choices-where to travel, where to work and live, where to seek personal pleasure and social recreation.
他是个人民主的载体，衡量社会发展的水平，给与更多更为宽广的个人选择范围-去哪里旅游，去哪里工作和生活，去哪里寻找个人乐趣和社会消遣。
3. America’s love affair with the car has matured into a marriage-and an addiction.
美国对小轿车的强烈爱好已经发展到十分亲密和上瘾的程度。
4. The automobile retains its firm hold over our psyche because it continues to represent a
metaphor for what Americans have always prized: the seductive ideal of private freedom, personal mobility, and empowered spontaneity.
汽车强烈地控制了我们的心灵，因为它一直代表了美国人引以为荣的引喻：私人空间保密的诱惑，个人自由移动和汽车所赋予的自发行为。
5. If faster speeds than this are allowed paradoxically overall traffic flows reduce. As speeds
increase so do safe stopping distances, bigger gaps between vehicles reduces the capacity of the road.
如果允许更高的时速，那整个车流的速度就会降低，如果时速增加，那相应的安全制动距离也应该增加，车辆间增加的间距将会降低道路的工作容量。
6. The technology is widely used in commercial vehicles, all that is missing is the political will to
apply it.
这种技术被广泛应用于商业汽车中，所有没有做到的就是政府没有应用它。
7. Cars are essential to modern life but they need not be quite as all powerful and sacred as
they have been. We do not exist to serve them.
汽车是现代生活不可缺少的一部分，但没有必要像这样被看作能力非凡和神圣。我们的存在不是为了服务他们。
1. In 1901,Motor World magazine highlighted the subconscious appeal of the motorcar by
alluding to its horse-like qualities:”To take control of this materialized energy, to draw the reins over this monster with its steel muscles and fiery heart_There is something in the idea which appeals to an almost universal sense,the love of power”
在1901年，《世界汽车杂志》通过暗示汽车的类似于马的品质来强调人们下意识地被汽车所吸引——“去支配这种物化的能量，去驾驭这头拥有钢铁肌肉和炙热心脏的怪兽——在这一普通的感受中存在着对动力的爱。”
2. But it was one thing to rhapsodize about the individual freedom offered by the horseless
carriage when there were a few thousand of them spread across the nation;it is quite another matter when there are 200 million of them.
但是，在全国只有数千辆汽车时，对这种由无马马车所带来的个人自由的疯狂描述是一回事；当全国有2亿台汽车时，情况就完全不同了。
3. An interstate highway is not exactly a path to Walden Pond , nor does a BMW much resemble
Huck’s raft ,but Americans remain firmly committed to the open road –even if only in our imaginations.
洲际公路的确不是通往瓦尔登湖池塘的路，宝马汽车业不像是哈克贝利的竹筏，即便那仅仅只在于我们的想象之中，但美国人仍坚定的乐忠于开阔的公路。
课后翻译
1． 公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。
The slogans and characters in public service messages are more than memorable—they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.
2． 大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂上的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运
用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。
The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student’s performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field.
3． 美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助我们更好地旅行。
The beautiful campus provide an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.
4． 在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。我们有出色的师资和员工。他们致力于求知识理解，
将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。
You will not be expected to under take this intellectual journey on your own,we have an expectional faculty and staff, dedicated to the seach for knowledge and understanding , who will support and encourage you in your journey.
5． 人们的生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。然而，人们不能在自然中
生活而不对其加以改造。
People can not live apart from nature: that is the first principle of the conservationists. And yet, people can’t live in nature without changing it.
6． 世界经济飞速发展以及经济和科技领域的激烈竞争，对教育提出了强有力的挑战。
Flying development of science and technology worldside, as well as intensity competition in economic and technological fields have addressed a tough challenge to education.
7． 由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾埋填并提倡包装的循环利用，包装行业目前受到了
从未有过的严格监督。
The packing industry now finds itself under scrutiny as never before, as tough EU targets are set to reduce land filling and increase recycling.
8． 中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距，因此必须依赖科技和教育的发展来推行可持续
发展战略。
There is a gap between China and advanced countries in the area of science and technology. So it must depend on science, technology and education to carry out a sustainable development strategy.
Unit 3
有人说这世界时男人的天下，然而，根据市场调查公司NPD的研究，大多数购物和娱乐消费都是由女人做主。人们早就知道，家人衣着和家庭装饰大多由女人做主，但这次美国5.1万个家庭所作的调查却表明，其他一些购买决策行为中也存在着令人惊异的性别分野。根据调查结果，在挑选电影、餐馆和电视节目的时候，男人也会听从女人的意见。此外，调查数据还表明，有女人说了算的事情还包括在电影院坐什么位置、上哪儿去买食品以及请哪些客人到家里来。实际上，男人只在选购电子产品、买家用轿车以及制定家庭预算等事情上有些许发言权。主持此次调查的NPD公司首席分析师马歇尔·科恩说，购买行为中的性别差异对广告业、 传媒业及培训行业来说意义重大。他说：“管理品牌、推销产品或是从事广告工
作的人必须密切注意消费者动态的变化。”
Some day it’s a man’s world, but women actually make most purchasing and entertainment decisions, according to a study by market research firm NPD. It’s long been accepted that women pick out most of clothes for family, but this study of 51,000 U.S. households showed some surpring facets of purchasing decisions broken down by gender. Men defer to women when it comes to choosing movies,restaurants and television shows, according to survey. The data indicated that women also decide where to sit in the movie theatre, where to shop for food and which guests come to the family home. In fact, the only areas where men had any clout involved personal electronics purchases, the family car and setting household budgets. The gender differences in purchasing could have implications for advertising, media and education companies, said NPD chief analyst Marshal Cohen, who spearheaded the research. “Anynoe who’s managing a brand, marketing a product or working for an advertising agency needs to be conscientious in the shifts in consumer dynamics.”Cohen said.
Unit 5
1． 我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。
I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film.
2． 数月来他历经挫折而不断努力，终于有了收获。
After months of disappointment, his perseverance was finally rewarded.
3． 她把她的意思解释得清清楚楚。
She made her meaning crystal clear.
4． 像大多数夫妻一样，他俩的婚姻波折迭起，但生活就是这样
Like almost married couples they’ve had their ups and downs but life is like that.
5． 经过寒冷的冬天，大家都渴望天气有所好转。
Everyone is yearing for the weather to change after this cold winter.
6． 这个广告是针对儿童设计的。
The advertisement is calculated to appeal to children.
7． 这种骚乱仅仅只是人们不满的一种表露而已。
This riot is only one manifestation of people’s discontent.
8． 原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始工具。
Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.
Unit 7
1. 汽车诞生后发展很快，不久就代替了马。
The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.
2. 由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削弱私人拥有汽车的数
量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。
We may have to cut down on the numberof privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.
3. 汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利的交通时，它也应对诸如空气污染、交通事故、
交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。
While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.
4. 美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名。
Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.
5. 要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大减少汽车的排放量，那该多好啊。
If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.
6. 在美国，高度发达的公路网使在各地之间来来往往成为可能。
A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to coast in United States.
7. 一想到这条林荫大道的建设速度，参观者都感到吃惊：这条路不久前还在开挖及铺设排
水管。
The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay drain-pipes not long ago.
8. 环境保护主义眼里谴责了汽车，认为汽车是产生空气污染的主要因素。
Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the production of dirty air.
9. 由于便利的公共交通，在大都市的市郊，许多新建的住宅群拔地而起。
Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.
10. 尽管非常喜欢汽车，许多人还是相信广泛地使用公共交通系统能缓解交通拥挤。
Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.
第一单元
第一部分
1.Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.
读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。
2.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
3.For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars ,one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别直接，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
4.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation, to make judgement wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar.
读书费时过多易惰，为财藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究态。
5.They perfect nature ,and are perfected by experience:for natural abilities are like natural plants,that need prunings bt study;and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience.
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪
移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
6.Crafty men condemn studies ,simple men admire them,and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use;but that there is a wisdom without them,and above them,won by obvervation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
7.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse;but to weigh and consider.
读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可职位寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
8.Some books are to be tasted ,others to be swallowed ,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is, some books are to be read only in parts ;others to be read,but not curiously ;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.
书有浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则需全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
9.Some books also may be read by deputy ,and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of books;else distilled books are like common distilled water,flashy things.
书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。
10.Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
11.And therefore ,if a man write little,he had need have a great memory;if he confer little,he had need have a present wit ;and if he read little,he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.
因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
12.Histories make men wise;poets witty; the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend..
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密subtile，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重grave，逻辑修辞（rhetoric）学使人善辩contend
13.Nay，there is also no stand or impediment in the wit,but may be wrought out by fit studies;like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercise.
人之才智，但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅。一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
14.Bowling is good for the stone and reins;shooting for the lungs and breast;gentle walking for the stomach;riding for the head;and the like .
滚球利肾脏，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
15.So if a man’s wit be wandering ,let him study the mathematics;for in demonstrations,if his wit be called away never so little,he must begin again.
如精力不集中，可令其读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散则须重演。
16.if his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,let him study the schoolmen;for they are cymini sectores.(过分讲究的人)
如不能辨异，可令其读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人，
17.If he be not apt to beat over matters,and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another,let him study the lawyer’s cases.
So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.
如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。
如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。
第二部分
1. In the current climate of international test competitions and increased student exchanges,
science and science education teaching practices have come under closer scrutiny in the United States.
在目前国际考试竞赛频繁，学生交流增加的风潮下，美国对其科学几科学教育教学实践进行了更为周密的调查研究。
2. The educational system in the United States stands apart from the rest of the world, however,
because it operates with free market spirit in a much less regulated, more laissez-faire climate.
然而，美国的教育体系与世界其他国家的相比可谓独树一帜，因为它是一种自由市场精神运作，处于一种较为宽松，更为自由的氛围当中。
3. A high level of scientific understanding among the general population is connected to
expectations of high productivity in the work place.
人们期望大众对科学的深刻理解可以带来工作场所的高生产率。
4. In contrast, the knowledge structure of the humanities/social sciences is more horizontal,
with a higher number of subjective variables and cultural nuances that require more time to be assimilated.
对比而言，人文/社会科学的知识结构更为广泛、涉及更多的主观可变因素和文化的细微差异，需要更多的时间才能被吸收。
5. This absence of breadth allows for the development of good professional depth, which is the
most important characteristic of the technical fields, as opposed to the humanistic areas of study.
这种知识宽度的缺乏便于发展良好的专业知识深度——与人文研究领域不同，这种专业知识深度是技术领域中最重要的一个特点。
6. Providing people with a meaning for their existence and a sense of belonging to a common
cultural milieu called civilization.
为人们提供他们生存的意义以及一种归属同一文化环境的感觉——这种文化环境被称为文明。
7. Universities must teach in a student-sensitive manner and offer, shopping-mall style, a great variety of courses that will attract as many students as possible.
大学教育必须要顾及学生的需求，要以购物中心的方式，提供多门课程去吸引尽可能多的学生。
8. America may be considered as either a land of opportunity in which talents flourish in ways that are difficult at home or as a sly merchant who lures the best and the brightest by paying more and offering better laboratory facilities.
或许既可以把美国看做是一个充满机遇的国家，在本国不得志的人才在此可尽展才华，也可以把美国看做是一个狡猾的商人，以提供更高的薪水和更好的实验设备来吸引最聪明和最优秀的人才。
9. It appears that the American educational system produces more focused individuals because this system allows students both at the high school and college levels comparatively more freedom to avoid certain subjects without the pressure of comprehensive external examinations
and without the strait-jacket of rigid national curricula.
美国教育体系培养出的人才精神似乎更加集中，因为该体系给予中学生和大学生以更多的自由，使得他们避开了某些特定课程，不必承受外来综合考试的压力以及国家严格规定的课程的束缚。
unit3
1. In my mid-teens,the shiny new mall on the outskirts of my hometown promised my best
friend and me Friday nights and Saturdays full of bright neon logos,the sound of an indoor waterfall ,the scent of chocolate chip cookies and plenty of fabrics to touch and clothes to try on.
在我十五六岁的时候，家乡郊区新开的一家明亮的购物中心，使得我和我最要好的朋友每周五晚上和周六都能看到许多明亮的霓虹灯招牌，听到室内瀑布的水声，闻到巧克力脆片饼干的香味，还可以摸摸各种面料和试穿一些服装。
2. Savvy retailers have watched the waning attention spans of people like me ,heeded
competition from technology such as the internet and realized the time dearth today’s families are facing .
精明的零售商们已经看到，一些像我这样对购物越来越没有兴趣的人，也注意到来自因特网这样的科技竞争，并且了解到现代家庭所面临的时间不够用的问题。
4. The solution?retail environments that appeal to all senses –not just taste,smell and touch ,but
also a sense of well-being ,community and the common sense of many solutions in place.
怎么解决呢？零售环境要迎合各种感觉的需要，不光是味觉，嗅觉和触觉，而且包括康乐感、群体感以及在一个地方就能解决许多问题的那种注重实际的感觉。
5. Overshadowed by deadlines,social outings and the desire to just stay home and stare at the
walls I pay to live inside, shopping for me has become an obligatory chore that steals from my precious not-so-free time.
由于我要做许多在规定时间内必须完成的事情，要外出参加社会活动，以及只想待在家里，看着自己付了钱的居室四壁，购物对于我来说就变成了我从宝贵的时间里忙里偷闲不得不做的家务活了。
6. Rather than have its trademark swoosh take a back seat to many other brands of sports
shoes,Nike hit the pavement running when it created the Nike Town concept in 1990.
Nike公司早在1990年首创了耐克城这一全新概念，一旦开始，耐克就不遗余力的去进 行工作，而不让自己的耐克商标屈居于其他运动品牌鞋之后。
7. For a people who profess to love capitalism,Americans can sometimes seem mightily suspicious of the companies that deliver its benefits.
就一个声称热爱资本主义的民族而言，美国人有时会显得对给自己带来种种好处的众多公司疑心重重。
8. It has also become the biggest company in the world by revenues,a behemoth that strikes fear in the hearts of rivals everywhere.
按营业额，沃尔玛已经成为世界上最大的公司，一个所到之处令对手心惊胆战的庞然大物。
9. But it has become something else as well:the target for a growing chorus of critics.
但是同时沃尔玛也经历着另一种变化：日益成为众矢之的，饱受诟病
10. Its ruthless policy of "Always Low Prices.Always",it is claimed,destroys honest,hardworking mom-and-pop retailers and turns once-vibrant inner cities into urban wastelands.
据称它那“天天平价，始终如一”的无情销售政策致使许多诚实辛勤劳动的夫妻店走向破产，使得一度充满活力的城市中心论文城市荒原。
11. Earlier this month,voters in Inglewood,a suburb of Los Angeles,defeated by a hefty margin a local referendum to allow the building of a big new Wal-Mart store.
本月初，在洛杉矶郊区的Inglewood镇就是否允许建造一座新的大型沃尔玛商场举行的当地全民投票中，绝大多数都投了反对票。
12. As it begins to bump up against the boundaries that restrict its growth,however,Wal-Mart will have to introduce more complexity such as smaller shops,varied formats and different selections of products to cater to local needs.
然而，随着沃尔玛在限制其发展的地区开始盈利，它将不得不推出更为复杂的经营手段，例如缩小商店规模、变换经营方式、选择不同产品，以便迎合当地的需要。
Unit5
1. They simply aren’t mature enough-physically or mentally-to put in the extensive training
hours,deal with the stress on their bodies and minds, or cope with the publicity that accompanies athletics.
他们只是尚未足够成熟——生理的和心理的——去投入大量的训练时间，承受生理和心理上的压力，以及去应对随之而来的公众的关注。（随着专业运动而来athletics）
2. There can be no argument that it is fair to ask children to devote the time necessary to
master a sport ,to push their bodies with long hours on the track or in the weight room,or to have a nation watching when they come to bat with the game on the line.
让孩子投入必要的时间来掌握一项运动，让他们在跑道上或举重房里长时间的锻炼，或者是让全国观众观看他们现场直播的棒球比赛，这些都是合理的，此观点毋庸置疑。
3. I know it's cheaper for ESPN to televise the Little League World Series (LLWS) than a Major
League Baseball game,and years ago ,when I first saw the LLWS on telecision ,I thought it was a great thing to do for kids.
我知道EPSN（娱乐体育节目电视网）转播异常LLWS(少年联盟世界棒球锦标赛)比赛的成本要低于转播一场高级职业联赛协会棒球赛，而多年前，当我第一次在电视上看到LLWS的比赛时，我就觉得这样做对孩子影响深远。
4. Make kids sports like the other sports on television and you’ll have 12-year-olds treating their
teammates the way Terrell Owens and Kobe Bryant do ,treating their bodies like Rafael Palmeiro and Bill Romanowski ,paying more attention to the cameras than to the game, their friends,or their coaches.
如果让孩子们的运动象电视转播的比赛那样，你将会让那些12岁大小的孩子们，如同泰勒欧文斯和科比布莱恩特那样对待他们的队友，如同拉费尔帕莱若何比尔罗曼斯基那样对待他们的身体，他们更关心的是媒体的宣传而非比赛，队友或他们的教练。 第七单元
1. The automobile has embodied deep-seated cultural and emotional values that have become
an integral part of the American Dream.
汽车第一次出现，他就体现了美国深层的文化和情感价值，而这正是美国梦想的不可分割的一个部分。
2. It was the vehicle of personal democracy, acting as a social leveling force, granting more and
more people a wide range of personal choices-where to travel, where to work and live, where to seek personal pleasure and social recreation.
他是个人民主的载体，衡量社会发展的水平，给与更多更为宽广的个人选择范围-去哪里旅游，去哪里工作和生活，去哪里寻找个人乐趣和社会消遣。
3. America’s love affair with the car has matured into a marriage-and an addiction.
美国对小轿车的强烈爱好已经发展到十分亲密和上瘾的程度。
4. The automobile retains its firm hold over our psyche because it continues to represent a
metaphor for what Americans have always prized: the seductive ideal of private freedom, personal mobility, and empowered spontaneity.
汽车强烈地控制了我们的心灵，因为它一直代表了美国人引以为荣的引喻：私人空间保密的诱惑，个人自由移动和汽车所赋予的自发行为。
5. If faster speeds than this are allowed paradoxically overall traffic flows reduce. As speeds
increase so do safe stopping distances, bigger gaps between vehicles reduces the capacity of the road.
如果允许更高的时速，那整个车流的速度就会降低，如果时速增加，那相应的安全制动距离也应该增加，车辆间增加的间距将会降低道路的工作容量。
6. The technology is widely used in commercial vehicles, all that is missing is the political will to
apply it.
这种技术被广泛应用于商业汽车中，所有没有做到的就是政府没有应用它。
7. Cars are essential to modern life but they need not be quite as all powerful and sacred as
they have been. We do not exist to serve them.
汽车是现代生活不可缺少的一部分，但没有必要像这样被看作能力非凡和神圣。我们的存在不是为了服务他们。
1. In 1901,Motor World magazine highlighted the subconscious appeal of the motorcar by
alluding to its horse-like qualities:”To take control of this materialized energy, to draw the reins over this monster with its steel muscles and fiery heart_There is something in the idea which appeals to an almost universal sense,the love of power”
在1901年，《世界汽车杂志》通过暗示汽车的类似于马的品质来强调人们下意识地被汽车所吸引——“去支配这种物化的能量，去驾驭这头拥有钢铁肌肉和炙热心脏的怪兽——在这一普通的感受中存在着对动力的爱。”
2. But it was one thing to rhapsodize about the individual freedom offered by the horseless
carriage when there were a few thousand of them spread across the nation;it is quite another matter when there are 200 million of them.
但是，在全国只有数千辆汽车时，对这种由无马马车所带来的个人自由的疯狂描述是一回事；当全国有2亿台汽车时，情况就完全不同了。
3. An interstate highway is not exactly a path to Walden Pond , nor does a BMW much resemble
Huck’s raft ,but Americans remain firmly committed to the open road –even if only in our imaginations.
洲际公路的确不是通往瓦尔登湖池塘的路，宝马汽车业不像是哈克贝利的竹筏，即便那仅仅只在于我们的想象之中，但美国人仍坚定的乐忠于开阔的公路。