现在完成时态
1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now. ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
例：I have lived here since 1990.
2. 现在完成时的构成 have /has+过去分词
3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work? 否定句 He has not finished the work. 两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t. 特殊疑问句 What has he done?
4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时
1九词语
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 ②yet 已经 否定句和疑问句句尾
③ever 曾经 句中 ④never 从不 句中 ⑤just 刚刚 句中
⑥before 以前 句尾 ⑦so far到目前为止 ⑧how long多久 ⑨how many times多少次
2两词组
havegone to去了某地 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)
havebeen to去过某地 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)
4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
6. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种： ① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) ③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. （改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have 代替buy ）
7. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here ②leave/go →be away③begin/start →be on
④open →be open / close → be closed⑤die →be dead ⑥finish/end→ be over
⑦ borrow → keep ⑧buy /catch → have
还有其它的归纳如下： Break---- be broken get up--- be upmarry → be married become → be
become interested in → be interested in lose → be lost
（二）现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间 或“since ＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用 for + 段时间since +点时间
实例：
1）I've lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
= I've lived here since 13 years ago.= I've lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here.
2）I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。
= I haven't seen him since three years ago = I haven't seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ．
自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
4）She's been at this school since five years ago．自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。 注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计) 或since （自从。。。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。 ②对for 和since 引导的时间状语提问要用How long
1） 他入团两年了。正：He has been a League member for two years．
2）我买这辆自行车三年了。正：I have had this bike for three years．
有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什
么区别呢？
☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday 连用；强调动作在过去发生，
与现在无关。
②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始
发生一直持续到现在的动作。
现在完成时态
1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now. ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
例：I have lived here since 1990.
2. 现在完成时的构成 have /has+过去分词
3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work? 否定句 He has not finished the work. 两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t. 特殊疑问句 What has he done?
4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时
1九词语
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 ②yet 已经 否定句和疑问句句尾
③ever 曾经 句中 ④never 从不 句中 ⑤just 刚刚 句中
⑥before 以前 句尾 ⑦so far到目前为止 ⑧how long多久 ⑨how many times多少次
2两词组
havegone to去了某地 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)
havebeen to去过某地 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)
4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
6. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种： ① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) ③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. （改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have 代替buy ）
7. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here ②leave/go →be away③begin/start →be on
④open →be open / close → be closed⑤die →be dead ⑥finish/end→ be over
⑦ borrow → keep ⑧buy /catch → have
还有其它的归纳如下： Break---- be broken get up--- be upmarry → be married become → be
become interested in → be interested in lose → be lost
（二）现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间 或“since ＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用 for + 段时间since +点时间
实例：
1）I've lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
= I've lived here since 13 years ago.= I've lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here.
2）I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。
= I haven't seen him since three years ago = I haven't seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ．
自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
4）She's been at this school since five years ago．自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。 注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计) 或since （自从。。。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。 ②对for 和since 引导的时间状语提问要用How long
1） 他入团两年了。正：He has been a League member for two years．
2）我买这辆自行车三年了。正：I have had this bike for three years．
有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什
么区别呢？
☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday 连用；强调动作在过去发生，
与现在无关。
②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始
发生一直持续到现在的动作。