第 5 讲 短文填词解题技巧
一、题型说明
根据高中新课程标准关于“试题应增加语境设置,适当增加主观题”的要求,在新题型设计时首先考虑增加语境设置的主观题。
1. 本题设题思路、方法、要求如下：重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。考生必须在理解短文内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。
2. 题目选材符合学生的书面表达水平，短文词数在130左右，共设10小题，第一行不设题，考查以实词为主，兼顾其他词性。
3. 每个空格根据提示用一个单词的适当形式填空，提示的方式有：汉语提示、首字母提示、语境提示，其中汉语提示、首字母提示各3~4个，语境提示2~4个。
4. 设题尽可能做到答案的唯一性。如果出现与标准答案不同,但符合题目要求的答案也可以接受，具体由阅卷点裁定。每个空格只能填入一个答案，超过一个的，该小题以零分计。
二、应试技巧
要做好短文填词题，必须掌握一定的应试技巧。做题时可按下列步骤和技巧进行：
1、通读全文内容，建立语言的整体感。
由于这种题型是一种障碍性阅读，一般首句不挖空，从第二句开始就有可能出现空档，如果急于求成，欲速则不达，因此粗读、速读、慎读全文，抓住文章的中心词或中心句，了解全文大意，是做好短文填空题的关键。
2、本着“的原则。
把上下文的句法、语法、结构等因素加以综合考虑，特别要考虑到固定短语的搭配，句与句之间的连接词，以及所填的单词的词形变化（如：复数、过去式、过去分词、动词－ing形式等），注意段与段之间，情节与情节之间的上下文照应，在这一基础上确定所填单词。
3、复读全文，使整篇短文前后贯通。
初步完成后，一定要再次细读全文，复读时根据语感和对全文的理解，从语法入手，检查句子的结构，从文章的中心思想来仔细推敲所填单词是否达意。
三、短文填词题八大考点
1. 名词：名词的单复数的确定主要根据：(1).并列连词 and, but以及or前后的名词或代词的单复数，前后往往是一致的；(2).根据主谓一致的原则，关键看谓语动词或系动词的数。
1.Hundreds of millions of students from primary, middle schools and u_______ all over China joined in a national student sports program.
rather than quantity.
.
4. He worked as a teacher after ____(毕业）
5．Spring has come, and the trees are thick with green ___________ （叶子）.
2. 动词: 一定要注意动词的时态，语态及非谓语形式
water.
2.The boy spoke in a very low voice _________(承认) he had broken the glass.
3. Do you think____________(游泳)is allowed in the canal .
4.A fence at the back of the garden____________(分开)us from the neighbors.
5.I r__________ Mike the moment I saw him .
6． __________ （赢得） the support of the majority requires time, energy and devotion.
7．They finished ___________（测量）that piece of land last week.
3. 形容词:特别注意比较级，最高级以及名词转化形容: Asia— Asian, Europe—European
1. Rice is grown in China, Japan and other A___________ countries.
2. The story is written by an ____________ （澳大利亚）engineer.
3.This plant is found in the ____________(南部)parts of the country
4. She looks f____________ to me, but I don't remember her names.
5. My train was 20 minutes late in the morning and there was a ____________(相似的)delay in the evening.
4. 副词：副词主要修饰形容词，和动词。
1. Don’t be frightened by the television camera. Just speak ________ (自然地).
2.G________ speaking , parents care more about their children's health than about their own.
3. The telephone rang and he answered it i____________.
4． He looked __________ at the children.
He looked _________at the news on the radio.
5．There are only five minutes left. We’ll have to walk q__________ to get there on time.
5. 代词考点: 人称代词（主/宾）,（形容词/ 名词性）物主代词， 反身代词，替代词, it的用法等，可在句中充当主宾，同位语等。
1. Let’s start not to eat snake any more, because “to protect the snake is to protect_________”.
2. _________ is amazing that I won the first prize in the competition.
3. Get in the habit of remembering people’s names and using __________ often.
4. I want to find a house with a beautiful garden, but I still haven’t found ________ I like yet.
6. 介词考点：常用介词的基本用法及在语境中的活用；固定搭配。
1___________ a lot of work to do, he left school very early.
2 In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute _________ our personal health…
3 This was around the time that I was getting to be larger __________ size than my father…
4 In short, I believe that it is _________ great use to keep a diary in English.
7.连词考点1 最常用的引导词有：wh- 连接词及其他各大从句引导词(从属连词)
1 See _________ your son has done.
2 I’ll never forget the days ________ I lived in the factory with the workers, _________ is a great help to my article.
3 After the war, a new school building was set up ______ there has once been a theatre.
4 __________ this is included in good education, the children will surely have a bright future.
连词考点2：牢记特殊句式, 把握语境特征，利用关键词提示解题。
1 I was___upset that I violently ripped (撕破) it from my chest!
2 It was only then ____ he realized his own mistake.
3 A nest is to a bird ______ a house to a man .
4 I was on the point of leaving _____ it rained.
5 _____ Hemingway puts it, “Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places.”
连词考点3：要仔细把握句子逻辑关系，利用暗含信息 ,作出判断解题；此外还要注意连接词组在语境中的呼应对称特征。
1 He has an high IQ, _______, he failed in school
2 Human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive. human populations are growing so fast.
3 In some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in __________cases, environmental changes caused extinction.
8.固定短语：
1.Could you help Li and tell him how to get _______ of this bad habit and return to normal life again？
2. He was p________ of the Olympic Gold Medal he won for his country.
3. Not paying a________ to the road can be dangerous, even deadly.
4.It is important for drivers to f________(关注) on what is going on around them.
四、高考真题
Mr. Smith offers us some advice on how to write a good composition, which i__________ the following steps. Firstly, we should read the topic c___________and organize our ideas. Then we start to shape our thoughts ______ our own word and finish our writing in the g________time. After that, we have to check our compositions, paying attention to________ (语法)and spelling. It is very important to read them aloud to __________自己or someone else from_________ to end. Lastly, we had better ask our teachers or classmates for advice on how to improve our writing. If ___________ (可能), we may leave them alone for some time before reading again, ________will help a great deal. I hope you will b________ a lot from the advice above.
第 5 讲 短文填词解题技巧
一、题型说明
根据高中新课程标准关于“试题应增加语境设置,适当增加主观题”的要求,在新题型设计时首先考虑增加语境设置的主观题。
1. 本题设题思路、方法、要求如下：重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。考生必须在理解短文内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。
2. 题目选材符合学生的书面表达水平，短文词数在130左右，共设10小题，第一行不设题，考查以实词为主，兼顾其他词性。
3. 每个空格根据提示用一个单词的适当形式填空，提示的方式有：汉语提示、首字母提示、语境提示，其中汉语提示、首字母提示各3~4个，语境提示2~4个。
4. 设题尽可能做到答案的唯一性。如果出现与标准答案不同,但符合题目要求的答案也可以接受，具体由阅卷点裁定。每个空格只能填入一个答案，超过一个的，该小题以零分计。
二、应试技巧
要做好短文填词题，必须掌握一定的应试技巧。做题时可按下列步骤和技巧进行：
1、通读全文内容，建立语言的整体感。
由于这种题型是一种障碍性阅读，一般首句不挖空，从第二句开始就有可能出现空档，如果急于求成，欲速则不达，因此粗读、速读、慎读全文，抓住文章的中心词或中心句，了解全文大意，是做好短文填空题的关键。
2、本着“的原则。
把上下文的句法、语法、结构等因素加以综合考虑，特别要考虑到固定短语的搭配，句与句之间的连接词，以及所填的单词的词形变化（如：复数、过去式、过去分词、动词－ing形式等），注意段与段之间，情节与情节之间的上下文照应，在这一基础上确定所填单词。
3、复读全文，使整篇短文前后贯通。
初步完成后，一定要再次细读全文，复读时根据语感和对全文的理解，从语法入手，检查句子的结构，从文章的中心思想来仔细推敲所填单词是否达意。
三、短文填词题八大考点
1. 名词：名词的单复数的确定主要根据：(1).并列连词 and, but以及or前后的名词或代词的单复数，前后往往是一致的；(2).根据主谓一致的原则，关键看谓语动词或系动词的数。
1.Hundreds of millions of students from primary, middle schools and u_______ all over China joined in a national student sports program.
rather than quantity.
.
4. He worked as a teacher after ____(毕业）
5．Spring has come, and the trees are thick with green ___________ （叶子）.
2. 动词: 一定要注意动词的时态，语态及非谓语形式
water.
2.The boy spoke in a very low voice _________(承认) he had broken the glass.
3. Do you think____________(游泳)is allowed in the canal .
4.A fence at the back of the garden____________(分开)us from the neighbors.
5.I r__________ Mike the moment I saw him .
6． __________ （赢得） the support of the majority requires time, energy and devotion.
7．They finished ___________（测量）that piece of land last week.
3. 形容词:特别注意比较级，最高级以及名词转化形容: Asia— Asian, Europe—European
1. Rice is grown in China, Japan and other A___________ countries.
2. The story is written by an ____________ （澳大利亚）engineer.
3.This plant is found in the ____________(南部)parts of the country
4. She looks f____________ to me, but I don't remember her names.
5. My train was 20 minutes late in the morning and there was a ____________(相似的)delay in the evening.
4. 副词：副词主要修饰形容词，和动词。
1. Don’t be frightened by the television camera. Just speak ________ (自然地).
2.G________ speaking , parents care more about their children's health than about their own.
3. The telephone rang and he answered it i____________.
4． He looked __________ at the children.
He looked _________at the news on the radio.
5．There are only five minutes left. We’ll have to walk q__________ to get there on time.
5. 代词考点: 人称代词（主/宾）,（形容词/ 名词性）物主代词， 反身代词，替代词, it的用法等，可在句中充当主宾，同位语等。
1. Let’s start not to eat snake any more, because “to protect the snake is to protect_________”.
2. _________ is amazing that I won the first prize in the competition.
3. Get in the habit of remembering people’s names and using __________ often.
4. I want to find a house with a beautiful garden, but I still haven’t found ________ I like yet.
6. 介词考点：常用介词的基本用法及在语境中的活用；固定搭配。
1___________ a lot of work to do, he left school very early.
2 In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute _________ our personal health…
3 This was around the time that I was getting to be larger __________ size than my father…
4 In short, I believe that it is _________ great use to keep a diary in English.
7.连词考点1 最常用的引导词有：wh- 连接词及其他各大从句引导词(从属连词)
1 See _________ your son has done.
2 I’ll never forget the days ________ I lived in the factory with the workers, _________ is a great help to my article.
3 After the war, a new school building was set up ______ there has once been a theatre.
4 __________ this is included in good education, the children will surely have a bright future.
连词考点2：牢记特殊句式, 把握语境特征，利用关键词提示解题。
1 I was___upset that I violently ripped (撕破) it from my chest!
2 It was only then ____ he realized his own mistake.
3 A nest is to a bird ______ a house to a man .
4 I was on the point of leaving _____ it rained.
5 _____ Hemingway puts it, “Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places.”
连词考点3：要仔细把握句子逻辑关系，利用暗含信息 ,作出判断解题；此外还要注意连接词组在语境中的呼应对称特征。
1 He has an high IQ, _______, he failed in school
2 Human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive. human populations are growing so fast.
3 In some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in __________cases, environmental changes caused extinction.
8.固定短语：
1.Could you help Li and tell him how to get _______ of this bad habit and return to normal life again？
2. He was p________ of the Olympic Gold Medal he won for his country.
3. Not paying a________ to the road can be dangerous, even deadly.
4.It is important for drivers to f________(关注) on what is going on around them.
四、高考真题
Mr. Smith offers us some advice on how to write a good composition, which i__________ the following steps. Firstly, we should read the topic c___________and organize our ideas. Then we start to shape our thoughts ______ our own word and finish our writing in the g________time. After that, we have to check our compositions, paying attention to________ (语法)and spelling. It is very important to read them aloud to __________自己or someone else from_________ to end. Lastly, we had better ask our teachers or classmates for advice on how to improve our writing. If ___________ (可能), we may leave them alone for some time before reading again, ________will help a great deal. I hope you will b________ a lot from the advice above.